JPH0918046A - Solar battery workpiece having internal rotation symmetrization - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To manufacture a solar battery workpiece in a such a constitution that the spacial positional relation between the light-receiving surfaces of the workpiece and the capacity factor of solar batteries are set and the power-generation amount, which is generated by the direct rays of the sun in a design time zone, is ensured at the minimum value of a necessary power generation amount in the time zone regardless of the horizontal installation direction of the workpiece. CONSTITUTION: Roof surface R1 and R2 having either or two slant surfaces, which are slanted in the directions opposed to each other, have an angle of inclination of 15 degrees and are different in step, are formed on a solar roof 42. Solar batteries S1 and S2 having an equal capacity are respectively mounted on the surfaces R1 and R2. The roof 42 is supported by a display frame 434 and a display box 430 is constituted. A display surface 431 is provided on the box 430, for solar river-name displayed signs, for example, notation parts 432 and 433 are formed in Japanese characters and Romanized characters and river names are display on the parts 432 and 433. The capacities of the cells S1 and S2 and the capacities of batteries built in the batteries S1 and S2 are decided according to the condition of how many hours the river names are made to luminasce in the night time. The angle of inclination and an irradiation time in before and after the day time are decided according to the latitude of the installation place of the box 3. Thereby, the functional image of the box is kept and a workpiece to respond to the installation place is manufactured.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar cell structure or a solar cell structure which is installed or floated or moved outdoors on land or on the surface of water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the case of solar cell structures or structures installed outdoors, the method of mounting the solar cell is almost always in Japan, the inclination angle of about 45 degrees with the light receiving surface of the solar cell facing south. It is common sense to install at (the optimum tilt angle depends on the latitude of the installation point). Such an installation method is designed to maximize the annual integrated power generation amount that can be obtained per unit light receiving surface of the solar cell, but this method has the following serious problems depending on the application. There's a problem.

(A) It is necessary to set the solar cell plane orientation so that it faces south at each installation point. In the case of road signs, telephone booths, landscape works, public toilets, etc. Since the orientation of the plane of the structure and that of the solar cell varies depending on the location, there is a risk of impairing the integrity and identity of the image as a display object, a workpiece, or a building.

(B) Still, in the case of a one-legged pole-shaped solar sign or solar lighting, even if it can be tolerated, it has a wide display surface horizontally such as a river name sign or a road sign. However, in the case of a sign with a small thickness, a public telephone box, a toilet, etc., when trying to install a solar cell of an amount sufficient to supply the required power, the solar cell for that purpose is always placed in the south. It is extremely difficult to install it facing (with an inclination angle of 45 degrees) in terms of the structure because of the relationship with the display surface or the structure. Furthermore, when it is attempted to mount a solar cell on a workpiece or a moving body floating on the surface of the water, it is virtually impossible to fix its orientation like the conventional method.

[0005]

That is, in such a solar cell workpiece, (A) the functional image as a workpiece (or display object) has the same integrity and identity as the mounting of the solar cell. Design / manufacturing method that will not be damaged by the method (B) Design / manufacturing method that the daily integrated power generation amount by the installed solar cell will not change significantly (or will be almost the same) depending on the installation direction (C) ) Moreover, in terms of spreadability, it is necessary to present use conditions or specification conditions that define the sunshine conditions of the installation point in a measurable numerical value, but the solar cell workpiece according to the present invention simultaneously solves these three problems. Is.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] Such problems can be solved by the solar cell workpiece or building described in any of the following (1) to (8).

(1) The positional relationship of the projection vectors of the unit normal vector of each light receiving surface on the horizontal plane is such that when the projection horizontal plane is divided into two half planes by an arbitrary straight line passing through the origin,
A spatial position relation of the light receiving surface of the solar cell configured such that any one of the projection vectors always exists on the half planes or on the straight line with the origin separated, and the unit method of each light receiving surface. The vector obtained by synthesizing the vector obtained by multiplying the line direction vector by the capacity ratio of the rated output of the solar cell has a solar cell light-receiving surface formed at a capacity ratio that overlaps the vertical axis, Set the design date on each of the design days, and then combine the calculated value of the direct solar radiation power generation amount with the calculated value of the scattered solar radiation power generation amount on each design season day. The amount of direct solar radiation generated in the design power generation is the amount of direct solar radiation generated in the design amount of power generation. Time zone included in, or b In any horizontal installation direction, set the time zone included in the total sunshine time zone where all the light receiving surfaces are directly exposed to direct sunlight, as the design time zone on each design day. , Whether the design calculation value of direct solar power generation amount occupying in the design power generation is the integral value or integrated calculation value of the power generation amount by direct solar radiation in the design time period,
Or, if the time zone included in the total sunshine time zone cannot be set as the design time zone, c) the amount of power generated by direct solar radiation calculated by assuming that the design time zone is the full sunshine time zone The integrated value or integrated value in the design time zone, or d) the value at which the integrated value or integrated calculated value of the amount of power generated by direct solar radiation in the design time zone becomes the minimum in the horizontal installation direction of the light receiving surface. A solar cell workpiece or building characterized by having as a design calculation value of direct solar power generation amount occupying in the design power generation amount. (2) A light receiving surface formed by different inclined surfaces or a part thereof which are symmetrical to each other with respect to a rotation about a vertical axis of 180 degrees or less, or a light receiving surface obtained by moving a part thereof in parallel, The solar cell workpiece or building according to item (1) above, which is formed by a solar cell or a light-receiving surface of a solar cell array having substantially the same rated output photovoltaic power. (3) In the use or specifications of the installation or operation conditions of the installation or operation point of the solar cell workpiece or building, under direct sunshine conditions, the installation site or At the design time zone at the operating point, in the scattered sunshine condition, the ratio value of the amount of scattered light that can be ingested from the sky by the light receiving surface to the amount of scattered light that can be ingested by the undisturbed horizontal surface The solar cell structure or building according to any one of the above items (1) and (2), which is represented by a value. (4) The solar cell work or building includes a solar roof forming the light-receiving surface or a solar roof equipped with a solar cell array, and a secondary battery for storing daytime photovoltaic power generated by the solar cells. A display plate on which various displays are provided, an EL (electroluminescence) light emitting plate, an LED (light emitting diode), a cold cathode tube, or a light source in which any of these light emitters are arbitrarily combined, and a lighting device for lighting the light source And a charge controller that controls charging of the secondary battery of the photovoltaic power generated by the solar cell,
It has an over-discharge prevention mechanism for preventing over-discharge of the secondary battery, and a discharge controller for supplying and controlling the power for turning on the light source at night from the secondary battery. (1), which is a solar marker intended to give night visibility to the display by turning on the light source at night with the electric power stored in the secondary battery. A solar cell workpiece or structure according to any one of (3) to (3). (5) In the solar cell structure or building, a solar cell or a solar cell array for forming the light receiving surface is mounted on the roof portion of a telephone box for accommodating a telephone, and a photovoltaic cell is installed. A secondary battery for storing electric power, a charge controller that controls the charging from the solar battery to the secondary battery, an over-discharge prevention mechanism to prevent over-discharge of the secondary battery, and ventilation of the internal air Ventilation fan, a telephone mark display that emits light at night by the light source, and a hand lighting by the light source that is a hand light for the call user, and at least the telephone mark display and the hand lighting of the power consumption thereof. The power for the light source is covered by the power stored in the secondary battery for the photovoltaic power, and the power for the ventilation fan is covered by the surplus photovoltaic power generated by the solar cell only when the secondary battery is overcharged. The solar cell work or building according to any one of the above items (1) to (3), which is a solar telephone box having a mechanism. (6) The solar cell work or building includes a solar roof having a solar cell or a solar cell array forming the light receiving surface, a submersible pump or a water absorption pump for absorbing water from a water source, and the submersible pump. Alternatively, a water distribution pipe and / or a water distribution tube for irrigating the water absorbed by the water absorption pump, a storage unit for storing the solar cell or a secondary battery for storing the photovoltaic power obtained by the solar cell arrangement, and a solar cell A charge controller that controls the charging of the power to the secondary battery, an over-discharge prevention mechanism to prevent over-discharge of the secondary battery, and the optical power of the solar cell to detect the sunset or dawn or sunset. And at dawn, a solar automatic irrigation system that irrigates the water from the water source by supplying power from the secondary battery to the submersible pump for a preset time 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
5. The solar cell workpiece or structure according to any one of 3 to 3. (7) In the solar cell work, a floating body such as a buoy or a floating body or a floating body that can be floated on the surface of the water is covered with a solar roof that has the solar cell or the solar cell array that forms the light receiving surface, and the floating body It has a water purification process that mixes aeration or air on the floating body with the water pumped up by the attached submersible pump or water absorption pump, and then returns it to the water through the drain pipe or drainage tube. It is characterized by comprising a solar aeration water quality purification system for supplying power for intake and drainage and power for aeration or mixing of air by photovoltaic power generated by a solar cell mounted on the solar roof for the cover. The solar cell workpiece according to any one of (1) to (3) above. (8) The solar cell work or building has a solar roof on which a solar cell or a solar cell array forming the light-receiving surface is mounted, and a photovoltaic power generated by the solar cell or the solar cell array or The power obtained by accumulating photovoltaic power in the secondary battery will cover the power for aeration of the septic tank, the power for circulating the washing water, and other night lighting, nighttime illuminated toilet display, incidental power for ventilation fans, etc. The solar cell work or building according to any one of the above (1) to (3), which is a solar toilet.

[0008]

It is self-evident that the same photoelectromotive force can be obtained on the horizontal light receiving surface regardless of the installation horizontal direction, that is, any rotation about the vertical axis, and there is no solar cell workpiece having such a light receiving surface. However, there are various drawbacks such as poor drainage and easy accumulation of dust, and extra measures such as mounting a transparent cover with a special cross section are often required to avoid this.

In the solar cell workpiece according to the present invention,
A spatial positional relationship of the light-receiving surface and a positive-value coefficient such that a combined vector obtained by assigning a positive-value coefficient to the unit normal vector of the solar cell light-receiving surface composed of different inclined surfaces and adding and synthesizing it overlaps the vertical axis By setting the capacity ratio of the solar cells on each light receiving surface in a distribution ratio proportional to the system, the cumulative amount of power generated by direct solar radiation during the design time can be set to an arbitrary horizontal level regardless of the horizontal installation direction. They have the same installation azimuth, or have a function of securing the minimum value or the lower limit value of the integrated power generation amount in that time zone.

The solar cell workpiece according to the present invention is composed of inclined surfaces which are rotationally symmetrical to each other with respect to a certain rotation of 180 degrees or less about a vertical axis of different plane orientations which are not on the same plane or on a parallel plane. By forming the light receiving surface with a solar cell light receiving surface with almost the same rated output capacity, the integrated power generation amount by direct solar radiation during the design time is the same for any horizontal installation orientation regardless of horizontal installation orientation. Or
Alternatively, it has a function of ensuring the minimum value or the lower limit value of the integrated power generation amount in the time zone.

The solar cell workpiece according to the present invention is designed so that the design time zone in any horizontal installation direction is included in the entire sunlight time zone in which all solar cell light-receiving surfaces are directly exposed to direct sunlight. When the integrated value of the direct solar power generation amount accumulated in the time zone is the same in any horizontal installation orientation, and the design time zone is included in the above-mentioned full sunlight time zone in any horizontal installation orientation. Is the integrated value of the direct solar power generation amount calculated in such a horizontal installation direction in the design time zone, the integrated value in the design time zone of the direct solar power generation amount obtained in any horizontal installation direction. If there is no horizontal installation orientation such that the design time zone is included in the full daylight time zone, the design time zone is assumed to be the full daylight time zone. The horizontal installation orientation of The integrated value of the direct solar power generation amount obtained by the calculation in the design time zone does not exceed the integrated value of the direct solar power generation amount in the design time zone in any horizontal installation orientation. .

Further, in the solar cell work or building according to the present invention, in the case where the secondary battery is overcharged when the ventilation fan is turned to prevent the temperature inside the work or building from rising. Only, or / and when the power exceeding the power consumption of the main load is supplied from the solar cell, the surplus power is used, so that power can be excluded from the power balance of the entire system. You will be able to do it.

[0013]

【Example】

An orthogonal coordinate system is introduced on the ground plane of the solar cell work installation point, where the zenith direction is the Z axis, the horizontal true south is the X axis, and the horizontal true east is the Y axis. The latitude of the installation point is φ, the solar declination (equator) Let δ be the angle between the plane and the sun's azimuth, and ω be the rotation time of the earth with respect to mid-south time (east or morning plus, west or afternoon minus). The azimuth vector P has the expression of Equation 1.

[0014]

[Equation 1]

Further, if the atmospheric transmittance on the same season day is constant, the received light energy Q (watt value) per unit area received by the normal surface (sunflower surface) which is oriented perpendicular to the sun direction. Is a function of only the air mass value, and the air mass (thickness of the transmitted atmosphere) value is a function of only the hour angle ω on the same season day. By t (minus am, plus pm), ω = −ω. If t, Q can be written as Q = Q (t) as a function of t.

Then, the normal direction unit vector is V
The light receiving energy Qn per unit area received by the inclined light receiving surface Rn which is n at time t is given by Qn = Q (t) .P.Vn. However, P · Vn> = 0. Therefore, when the solar cell Sn having the rated output (capacity) Cn is mounted on the inclined surface (roof surface) Rn, the photovoltaic power Wn by this solar cell is an appropriate constant η (including the power generation efficiency of the solar cell, etc. ), Wn = ηCnQn, so that in general, Wn = ηCnQ (t) PVn Therefore, the normal direction unit vector V1, V2, ...
., Inclined light receiving surfaces (roof surfaces) R1, R2 having Vn,
..., Rn has a rated output (capacity) of C1,
The total amount of power generation W (t) at time t 2 when the solar cells of C2, ..., Cn are installed is given by the following formula 2.

[0017]

[Equation 2]

However, C1, C2, ..., Cn are positive values, and all V1, V2 ,.
Equation 3 is assumed to hold.

[0019]

(Equation 3)

For any roof Ri, P.
Vi <0 is mathematically a state in which light is applied from the back side of the light receiving surface, but in this case W (t)
"Negative power generation amount" is added to this, and this is excluded to avoid negative values of energy, as in the case of the "negative mass" problem, and it is set to zero, so Equation 2 holds. Is
Actually, it is only in the state of "entire sunshine" in which all the light receiving surfaces are hit by direct sunlight (from the front side). Therefore, for example, the amount of power generated in the "partial surface sunshine state" in which only the i-th solar cell light-receiving surface is in the non-sunshine state and all other solar cell light-receiving surfaces receive direct sunlight. Is W-i (t), W-i (t) is
It is represented by

[0021]

(Equation 4)

Therefore, the equation 5 is established.

[0023]

(Equation 5)

What happens is that Wi-i (t) + Wi
This is because (t) = W (t), but in such a partial sunshine state, Wi (t) <0.

Therefore, a time zone in which all the light-receiving surfaces are exposed to direct sunlight, that is, "entire sunshine time zone": T
= [T1 to t2] exists, and Ω [T] is the integrated power generation amount during this period, Ω [T] is Since Ω [T] is given by

[0026]

(Equation 6)

In order that the value of Ω [T] is a function of T only and does not depend on the horizontal installation orientation of the solar cell roof (solar roof), the composite vector: V = C1V1 + C2V2 + ... + CnVn is the solar. Horizontal installation orientation of the roof, or vertical axis (Z
It can be seen that any vector that does not depend on rotation around the (axis) may be used, but such a vector V eventually turns out to be any vector that overlaps the vertical direction vector, that is, the Z axis.

Since V is a vector in the Z-axis direction, V
Of the projection vector V onto the horizontal plane (that is, the XY plane)
It is sufficient if h is a zero vector. To do that, V1, V2,
.., Vnh, respectively, when the projection vectors of Vn on the XY plane are respectively V1h, V2h, ..., Vnh, a composite vector on the horizontal projection plane (X-Y plane); Vh = It can be seen that C1V1h + C2V2h + ... + CnVnh should be a zero vector.

Since C1, C2, ..., Cn are all positive-valued coefficients, a positive-valued coefficient system in which Vh is a zero vector; [C1, C2 ,. , Cn] exists, when the XY plane is divided into two half planes by an arbitrary straight line passing through the origin on the XY plane, neither half plane is a zero vector. Projection vector V1h,
Any one of V2h, ..., Vnh must be present. However, when n = 2, V1h,
V2h may be arranged in a straight line from the origin in directions opposite to each other.

Therefore, for a solar roof satisfying such requirements, an appropriate positive coefficient system vector ε: Then, there exists a positive coefficient system [ε] such that εT · Vh = 0 (where εT is a transposed vector of ε), and C1 / ε1 = C2 / ε2 = ··· = Cn / εn or an appropriate positive value The constant λ may be selected and the capacity ratio of the solar cell may be determined so that C1 = λε1, C2 = λε2, ..., Cn = λεn.

[0031] And the matrix A is Then, A · ε = 0 holds. So, in n-dimensional Euclidean space, Then, εT · a = 0 εT · b = 0 That is, in the n-dimensional Euclidean space E, if the subspace spanned by the vectors a and b is Eab, then ε is the orthogonal complementary space of Eab at E. Will exist.

FIG. 1 shows the case where n = 2.
A description will be given based on FIG. The solar roof 1 of FIG. 1 has two light receiving surfaces R1 and R2, and the projection vectors V1h and V2h obtained by projecting the unit vectors V1 and V2 of the normal direction thereof onto a horizontal plane (XY plane) are shown in FIG. It was V1h
V2h are arranged in a straight line in the opposite direction from the origin, and their coordinates on the XY plane are (a, b) and (-ma, -mb) as shown in FIG. 5, respectively. To do. In FIG. 5, the vectors a and b are respectively Thus, the vectors a and b are aligned on a straight line, and the partial space spanned by these on the XY plane is the straight cotton L passing through the origin 0 shown in FIG. Therefore, the orthogonal complementary space of L on the XY plane is a straight line passing through the origin and orthogonal to L, and ε
Is on the half-line l which is the positive value part, but if the constraint of ε1 + ε2 = 1 is set, ε becomes (1,0), (0,1)
Since ε is on a straight line that passes through, ε is uniquely determined at the intersection of this straight line and straight line 1 in FIG.

Next, the case of n = 3 will be described.
First, as a special case of n = 3, V1h, V2h,
V3h is a horizontal projective plane (XY plane) as shown in FIG.
In this case, it is assumed that they are aligned on a straight line. This is a case where the structure of the light receiving surface of the solar roof has the shape characteristic as shown in FIG. In such a case, since the vector a and the vector b are not linearly independent, the coefficient vector ε is
In the three-dimensional Euclidean space as shown in FIG. 7, it exists in the orthogonal complementary space π of the subspace (straight line) extended only by the vector a. In FIG. 7, this orthogonal complementary space π and ε1-
The intersecting straight lines with the ε2 plane and the ε2-ε3 plane are shown by l1 and l2, respectively. When ε is restricted by ε1 + ε2 + ε3 = 1, ε becomes (1,0,0), (0,
1,0), (0,0,1), and therefore on the line segment l formed by the intersection of the triangle indicated by the broken line and the plane π. That is, in such a case, ε, that is, the capacity ratio of the solar cell cannot be uniquely determined.

In the general case of n = 3, as shown in FIG. 3, the projection of the roof vectors (unit normal direction vector of the light-receiving surface) V1, V2, V3 onto the horizontal plane (XY plane). This is the case where the vectors V1h, V2h, and V3h spread radially around the origin 0. In such a case,
Even if the XY plane is divided into two half planes by any straight line passing through the origin 0, one projection vector must exist on both half planes, and one projection plane contains all projection vectors. You won't get lost. In such a case, the vector a and the vector b are first-order independent of each other, and the vectors a and b in the three-dimensional Euclidean space are obtained.
Since the subspace spanned by is a two-dimensional plane and its orthogonal complementary space is a one-dimensional straight line, ε, that is, the capacity ratio of the solar cell is uniquely determined.

For a solar roof in which n (the number of light receiving surfaces having different roof vectors) is 4 or more, the dimension of the orthogonal complementary space (ε space) is 2 or more, and thus the capacity ratio of the solar cell is different. It cannot be uniquely determined unless there are constraint factors, but an appropriate one may be selected from the orthogonal complementary spaces according to the shape and size of the roof surface.

The above is a description of the shape characteristics of the light-receiving surface in claim 1 and the method of determining or selecting the capacity ratio of the solar cell so as to satisfy the function of the present invention in that case. Next, the method of setting the design time zone and the method of setting the design power generation amount will be described. As for the specific method relating to d) of claim 1, the method shown in the embodiment of claim 2 is directly requested. Since it can be applied to the case of item 1, the cases of a), b), and c) described in claim 1 will be described in detail.

As is clear from the above description, in the solar cell workpiece having such a roof shape and the distribution ratio characteristic of the solar cell capacity, (a) even if the solar roof is installed in any horizontal installation direction In the total sunshine time zone (this is called "symmetrical time zone") where all the light-receiving surfaces are directly exposed to sunlight, in the time zone S included in the "symmetrical time zone" The roof total of the direct integrated solar power generation time integrated value can be the same in any horizontal installation orientation. Therefore,
One way to set the design time zone is to set the time zone S included in such a "symmetric time zone" as the design time zone, and design with the integrated value of direct solar power generation in that time zone S. This is a method of setting the design power generation amount of direct solar radiation in the power generation amount ((a) of claim 1). However, as described in detail in claim 2, such a method includes a roof having a large inclination angle in the winter season when the altitude of the sun is low. , "Symmetric time zone" may become extremely short or may not exist.

(B) The symmetrical time zone may be too short or nonexistent depending on the target season such as the winter solstice, but depending on the horizontal installation direction, the entire sunshine time zone including the design time zone to be set May exist.
In such a case, in a horizontal installation orientation that provides the full sunlight time zone including the design time zone, the direct solar radiation is calculated by using the roof total value of the integrated value of direct solar radiation power generation time accumulated in the design time zone. The design power generation amount is used ((b) of claim 1). The cumulative amount of power generation obtained in this way is
As can be seen from the related explanation, it will give the minimum value of the horizontal installation direction of the integrated power generation amount in the design time period,
Regardless of the horizontal installation orientation, the integrated value of direct solar power generation obtained during this period will not fall below this value. What is important is that even for the horizontal installation orientation that is in the non-all-sun sunshine time zone, the value calculated in Equation 2 without fearing that the amount of power generation will have a negative value is the number calculated for the horizontal installation orientation in the all-sun condition. Since it is the same as the value of 2, the value of Equation 6 which is the integrated power generation amount calculated without fear of negative value is the same value for all horizontal installation directions regardless of the sunshine state during that time. However, the actual amount of power generation is treated as zero for those roofs that have negative values due to partial sunshine or non-sunlight in the meantime.
This is because the expression 5 is established, and the relationship is also stored for the time integrated value, and the relationship shown by the following expression 7 is established.

[0039]

(Equation 7)

(C) Next, in the design time zone to be set, not only the "symmetrical time zone", but also when the full daylight time zone cannot be secured in any installation direction, the design power generation amount is set. There can be two options for setting the direct solar power generation amount. One method is to assume that the design time zone you want to set is the "entire sunshine time zone" and allow negative values for the amount of power generation (that is, the existence of a Vi term that satisfies P (t) · Vi <0). This is a method in which the value of Equation 6 obtained by calculation is used as the direct solar power generation amount in the design power generation amount (claim 1
(C)). The value calculated in this way inevitably includes the "negative value term" of the power generation amount, so as will be apparent from the above explanation, it will always be a value smaller than the actual power generation amount during this period. . In the case of (b), the difference between this value and the value in the case of (b) is the "minimum value" that can be actually taken in any horizontal installation orientation, whereas
The value this time is not the "minimum value" that can actually be taken, but the "lower limit value", because the "full daylight time zone" does not include the design time zone in any direction. Another option is to compare the integrated curves of direct solar radiation power generation from sunrise in typical installation directions, in order to hold down the "minimum value" as much as possible even in such cases. Then, the value in the design time zone is
This is a method of setting with a value selected from those having the smallest horizontal installation orientation ((d) of claim 1).
Details of this method will be described in the description of claim 2.

The above is the description of the embodiment regarding the method for setting the direct solar radiation power generation amount in the design power generation amount in the case of claim 1, but the method for setting the scattered solar radiation power generation amount does not exist under the scattered sunlight conditions. After setting the value representing the average ratio of the amount of scattered light that can be ingested from the sky by the light receiving surface to the amount of scattered light that can be ingested by the obstacle horizontal plane as the design value of the scattered sunshine conditions, With the value obtained by multiplying the amount of scattered solar radiation per day received from the sky on the day of the season (which can be read from the meteorological data) by the scattered solar radiation condition set as the design value, the light receiving surface of the solar roof is The average amount of scattered solar radiation per day that can be ingested. In this way, the value of the scattered solar power generation amount calculated from the set value of the average scattered solar power generation amount that can be ingested by the light receiving surface is set as the value of the scattered solar power generation amount in the design power generation amount. Regarding the more concrete mathematical concept of the scattered sunshine condition and the measuring method, the prior application of the present inventor: Japanese Patent Application No. 3-2
54614 According to the procedure described in "Method of measuring received light amount, method of measuring sunshine conditions and solar energy utilization system".

That is, the size of the solid angle formed by the cone with the vertex angle 2θ about the normal direction Vn of the light receiving surface as the central axis is π (1-COS2θ) / 2 (0 = <θ = <π / 2). By defining / introducing into the space a new solid angle Θ (θ) centered on the normal direction Vn defined by the Lebesgue-Stieltjes measure, the division value of Θ per one section (mesh) becomes equal Draw a cobweb-shaped mesh pattern centered on Vn on the celestial sphere, and use the same division method to calculate the number of mesh elements existing in the empty opening by Θ
A value obtained by dividing (π / 2) by the total number of mesh elements when it is divided is defined as the scattering sunshine condition of the light receiving surface. That is, such a method of dividing the celestial sphere is such that any direction of the celestial sphere has uniform radiation intensity (brightness)
The division method is such that the radiant energy from the celestial sphere that the light receiving surface ingests from the three mesh elements is equal.
Therefore, although the scattered sunshine conditions are originally to be set for each light-receiving surface, the scattered sunshine conditions for each light-receiving surface are defined as ν1,
Let ν2, ..., νn and the solar cell mounting capacity ratio of each light receiving surface be ε1, ε2, ・ ・ ・, εn. ν = (ε1ν1 + ε2ν2 + ··· + εnνn) The roof average of conditions can be defined and set. However, ε1 + ε2 + ... + εn
= 1.

However, it is impossible to draw such a spider-web-like divided mesh pattern on an actual celestial sphere unless it is also used for contrails. Actually, when such a mesh pattern is drawn on the celestial sphere. The image of a celestial sphere taken with a fisheye lens is drawn by computer graphic by computer simulation, and the image of the computer graphic is superimposed on a landscape image taken with the optical axis of the fisheye lens aligned. In some cases, the method of “landscape simulation”, which creates a computer graphic of a landscape image itself captured by a fisheye lens, is also used.

[0044] The embodiment of claim 1 has been described above, but claim 2
Is a special case of claim 1, and therefore, the verification matter described in the embodiment of claim 1 also holds as a “true proposition” in the case of claim 2. Therefore, in order to avoid duplication, in the description of the embodiment of claim 2, since the explanation from the theoretical side is almost completed in claim 1,
Focus on explanations from specific or individual aspects.

Assuming that the function of the present invention is to be exposed to the sun on a sunny day from sunrise to sunset, the solar roof 1 having a gable-shaped cross section composed of two roof surfaces 11 and 12 facing each other as shown in FIG. Consider an example with
In the figure, V1 and V2 are normal azimuth vectors of the roof surfaces R1 and R2, respectively. First, assuming that the inclination angles of the two roof surfaces, that is, α1 and α2 in the figure are the same (α1 = α2 = α), Each roof has a rated output of 10
Assuming that the watt solar cell is mounted so that the light-receiving surface is parallel to the roof surface or forms part of the roof surface, the inclination angle of each roof surface is
By changing to 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees, the daily power generation amount will be examined and examined for the day of the winter solstice where the elimination of the horizontal installation orientation dependency of the solar roof 1 is most restricted. Z
Is one of the vertical axes selected as the two-fold symmetry axis, but in the case of such a roof shape, the vertical axis that can be selected as the rotational symmetry axis is one that intersects with the straight line formed by the intersection of the two roof surfaces. You may choose arbitrarily. Assuming that the place is a certain place in Tokyo, there are no obstacles that block the sunlight,
Table 1 shows the meteorological data for each season used to calculate the direct solar power generation.

[0046]

[Table 1]

FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 are views of the solar roof 1 of FIG. 1 as seen from directly above, and the horizontal installation directions are different from each other. That is; in FIG. 8, the solar roof 1
The roof surface R1 of the vehicle faces the south and the roof surface R2 of the vehicle faces the north, and the roof surface R1 faces the southeast in FIG.
Faces northwest, and in FIG. 10, the roof surface R1 faces the east and the roof surface R2 faces the west.

The graphs shown in each of FIGS. 14 to 25 show the case where a solar cell having a rated output of 10 watts is mounted on each surface of the solar roof 1 having the shape characteristics shown in FIG. In the graph showing the change over time in the amount of power generated, the ▲ mark indicates the time of the south-central time of the sun, the section sandwiched by the ↑ marks the time section where both roof surfaces are simultaneously exposed to direct sunlight, and the horizontal axis is 1 scale 1 Time, vertical axis is 1 watt on a scale.

Further, the graphs shown in each of FIGS. 26 to 37 are graphs showing the cumulative amount of power generation from the sunrise, where Δ indicates south central time, and the horizontal axis indicates one scale for one hour. ,
The vertical axis is 10 W · HRS per scale.

In the drawings shown in FIGS. 14 to 37, the inclination angle of the roof surface of the solar roof 1 is shown in FIG.
15 degrees in each of FIGS. 4 to 16 and each of FIGS. 26 to 28, and 20 degrees in each of FIGS. 17 to 19 and 29 to 31 20 to FIG. 22 and each of FIGS. 32 to 34, 30 degrees, and each of FIGS. 23 to 25 and FIGS. 35 to 37. It is 45 degrees.

In the graphs shown in each of FIGS. 14 to 37, the horizontal installation orientation of the solar roof 1 is shown in FIG. 14, FIG. 17, FIG. 20, FIG. 23, FIG.
In the case of FIG. 8 in each of FIGS. 9, 32, and 35, FIGS. 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30.
2 In each of FIGS. 33 and 36, in the case shown in FIG. 9, FIG. 16, FIG. 19, FIG. 22, FIG. 25, FIG. 28, FIG.
34. FIG. 34 corresponds to the case shown in FIG. Table 2 summarizes the above relationships.

[0052]

[Table 2]

That is, 2 in the same column in Table 2
The graphs in the two drawings show the amount of power generation (upper row) and the amount of time accumulated (lower row) when the roof inclination angle and horizontal installation direction are the same. In the following explanation, each pair is referred to as the "corresponding graph." I will call it.

The graphs shown in FIGS. 38 and 39 are shown in FIG.
The roof inclination angle of the solar roof 1 is 5 degrees and 10
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the cumulative amount of direct solar radiation power generation from sunrise when placed in a horizontal installation orientation as shown in Fig. 8, and the rated output of the installed solar cell is Also has 10 watts for each roof surface.

Table 3 shows that the cumulative time zone S of the power generation amount is set to 3 hours before and after the time of the south central time, that is, S = [-3:00 to 3:00], and the cumulative time zone S is set. It is the table which showed the integrated value of the direct solar radiation power generation amount of the solar roof 1 shown in FIG. 1 about each combination of the roof inclination angle and horizontal installation direction sorted in Table 1, and the rated output of the installed solar cell. Are each 10 watts for each roof surface.

[0056]

[Table 3]

Table 4 shows that the cumulative time period S of the power generation amount is set to 2 hours and 30 minutes before and after the time of the south central time, that is, S = [-2:30 to 2:30], and the cumulative time period S is set to this cumulative time period S. The integrated values of the direct solar radiation power generation of the solar roof 1 shown in FIG. 1 are shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 when the roof inclination angles are 15 degrees, 20 degrees and 30 degrees, respectively. It is a table shown in the case of the horizontal installation direction shown, and the rated output of the installed solar electric field is 10 watts for each roof surface.

[0058]

[Table 4]

After preparing the data of the winter solstice,
With respect to the embodiment having the solar roof having the shape characteristic as shown in FIG. 1, the operation of the present invention will be verified and explained below.

First, looking at the graphs shown in each of FIGS. 14 to 25, when the inclination angle of the roof is 15 degrees and 20 degrees, both roof surfaces are simultaneously exposed to any horizontal installation orientation. There is a time zone that includes the south central time when the sun hits, and therefore, in any horizontal orientation, the front and rear symmetrical sunshine hours centered around the south central time where the roof surfaces of both sides are simultaneously exposed to the sun. It can be seen that there are bands (which we will call "symmetrical time zones").

That is, this symmetric time zone has a tilt angle of 1
It can be seen that approximately 5 hours before and after south central time can be obtained for approximately 3 hours, and that when 20 degrees is approximately 2 hours and a half before and after south central time. Even if it exists, it will be about 1 hour before and after south-central time (in the case of the installation orientation in Fig. 8, the north side roof surface will be exposed to the sun for about 1 hour before and after, but it is only faint and the latitude is high. However, it can be seen that such a symmetrical time zone does not exist when the tilt angle becomes 45 degrees.

Therefore, in the present invention, the roof surface is such that "a time zone symmetrical with respect to the south central time, in which direct sunlight is simultaneously obtained on all the light-receiving surfaces which are in a rotationally symmetric relationship" is obtained. The inclination angle is within 30 degrees, and practically within 20 degrees (provided that it is installed in Japan).

Therefore, the inclination angle of the roof surface is 15 degrees and 20 degrees.
If you look at the integrated curve of the amount of power generation for the one with the same degree, if the inclination angle is the same, if you move the graphs of each horizontal installation direction in parallel and overlap the points at the time of south central,
It can be seen that the curves of the three graphs completely overlap in the symmetrical time zone. FIG. 40 schematically shows a state in which three graphs are superposed as a conceptual diagram in order to make this relationship easy to understand.

What does this mean?
Time zones included in this symmetrical time zone (this need not necessarily include South Central Time, or need to be symmetrical during South Central Time), that is, the integrated value of the power generation amount in such a design time zone Is a constant value that does not depend on the horizontal installation orientation, which provides the central function of the present invention.

This will be seen from the integrated value of the actual direct solar power generation amount. First, regarding the case of Table 3 where the design time zone was set to 3 hours before and after the time of south-central time, all the cases where the inclination angle included in the symmetrical time zone of the design time zone was 15 degrees The same value is obtained for the horizontal installation orientation of the above, and when the roof inclination angle becomes 20 degrees, the design time zone is out of the symmetrical time zone. It has a different value. When the design time zone is out of the symmetrical time zone, as described in claim 1 b), the horizontal azimuth is selected so that the total sunshine time zone includes the design time zone, that is, the inclination angle is 20 degrees. In this case, the value calculated in the horizontal installation direction corresponding to FIG. 8 or 10 is used as the design power generation amount by direct solar radiation.

On the other hand, when the design time zone is set to two and a half hours before and after the time of south central time, the inclination angle is 15 as shown in Table 4.
The same value is obtained regardless of the horizontal installation orientation for both the case of 20 degrees and the case of 20 degrees.
It corresponds to the method of setting the design time zone described in a), but when the tilt angle becomes 30 degrees, there is a difference because it deviates from the symmetrical time zone, and the design time zone is included in the total sunshine time zone. In the coming installation direction of FIG. 10, it is the lowest value, which is the value in the case of the above-mentioned claim 1 b).

On the other hand, the roof inclination angle is 30
As the angle increases to 45 degrees, the dependency of the integrated power generation amount on the horizontal installation direction increases, but this is because the three graphs for each horizontal installation direction of the integrated power generation amount do not overlap in the vicinity of South Central Time. Therefore, when the inclination angle is 45 degrees, they do not overlap at all.

In the solar roof having such an inclination angle,
"The same cumulative power generation can be obtained in any horizontal orientation."
The precondition that says that it will collapse, but still,
In the installation direction shown in Fig. 10, the solar roof with an inclination angle of 30 degrees, which allows the sun to be exposed to both roof surfaces at the same time for a considerable period of time, has a tilt angle of 30 degrees. Since two and a half hours before and after are obtained, as a method corresponding to b) of claim 1, if the design time zone is set to two and a half hours before and after the time of the south central time, the corresponding integrated curve graph of FIG. The value obtained by reading the integrated amount in this time zone can be used as the design power generation component due to direct solar radiation. Even in the case of the solar roof 1 with a tilt angle of 45 degrees, the
As can be seen from the graph in Fig. 5, it is possible to provide such a design time zone if it is a little less than 2 hours before and after the time of South Central Time. When it is desired to set the time zone, there is a possibility that the design time zone may be out of the full sunshine time zone in any horizontal installation orientation. In such a case, the setting of the direct solar radiation power generation amount in the design power generation amount can be performed by the same method as described in the embodiment of claim 1 c) or d). Since the method corresponding to claim 1 c) has been described in detail in the description of the preceding claim 1 c), the method described in claim 1 d) will be described in detail here.

As such a method, the S-shaped integrating curve itself provides a very sophisticated method. This action shows an integrated curve when the roof tilt angle is 45 degrees: Fig. 3
5, FIG. 36, and FIG. 37. FIG. 41 schematically shows a parallel movement of these three curves so as to cross each other at the time of south central time. The smaller the integrated power generation amount, the gentler the gradient near the time of south central time. It is in a shape that gradually turns clockwise around the point at the time of South Central.

It can be seen that the more clockwise the curve is rotated, the smaller the value integrated in the same time zone including the south-central time (that is, the vertical width of the curved portion cut out in the same time section). .

Therefore, the integrated curve in the horizontal installation direction is selected so as to give the minimum integrated curve, that is, the integrated curve that is the most clockwise, and the integrated power generation amount in the design time zone is calculated (this can also be read from the integrated curve. ), If this value is used as the direct solar power generation amount in the design integrated power generation amount, the integrated power generation amount in the design time zone will not fall below that value regardless of the horizontal installation orientation. Absent.

As is clear from the above verification, when the design time zone S is included in the symmetrical time zone T, the integrated power generation amount in the period S does not depend on the horizontal installation direction of the solar roof. In addition, the data shown above is used in Table 3. And Table 4. In the installation orientation shown in FIG. 10, theoretically, the integrated power generation amounts of the roof R1 and the roof R2 should be the same in the strict sense, but there is a slight difference in the integrated section by the computer. It comes from the division method. For example, if you take a section from -3 o'clock to 3 o'clock, the distribution by section is
This is because, in reality, it is biased toward the plus side (that is, one minute in practice) on the plus side (that is, the afternoon side with respect to the time of the south central time), and the accumulated amount differs by one increment. This means that the actual section integration is not exactly symmetrical to the front and rear with respect to South Central Time, but if this section can be included in a symmetrical time zone, the roof R1 and the roof R2 can be included. It will be understood that the sum of the values of is equal for all orientations.

According to the present invention, when the integrated time zone S is regarded as the design time zone and S is included in the symmetrical time zone T (for example, in the case of the solar roof having the 15-degree inclination angle), the solar The direct solar power generation amount accumulated in the time zone S in any horizontal orientation of the roof is taken as the direct solar power generation amount in the design power generation amount of the season day (in the above, the winter solstice) (claim 1a)). , S is the symmetrical time period T
However, depending on the horizontal installation azimuth, if there is an entire sunshine time zone including S, the direct solar radiation power generation amount in the time zone S calculated in such a horizontal installation azimuth is integrated. With the value as the direct solar radiation design power generation amount to the design power generation amount on the day of the season (b of claim 1), the total sunshine duration including S does not exist in any horizontal installation orientation. In this case, the method described in c) of claim 1 is used, or the method detailed in the description of the embodiment is used, or from the S-shaped graph of the integrated curve (in the time zone S, ) The direct solar power generation amount in the design power generation amount of the season day (in the above, the winter solstice) is defined as the integrated power generation amount in the design time zone, which is obtained by selecting the installation orientation that minimizes the value of the integrated power generation amount ( D)) of claim 1. This last method is, of course, also applicable to the solar roof according to claim 1.

The operation of the present invention is most prominent in the summer (summer solstice) when the altitude (elevation angle) of the sun is high, and as the altitude (elevation angle) of the sun is lower, a symmetric time zone is obtained. On the contrary, because of the narrowing, designing solar cell workpieces that can fully utilize the effects of the present invention throughout the year
For production, it is a good idea to determine the concrete shape of the solar roof, etc., assuming direct sunlight from the winter solstice where the sun's altitude (elevation angle) is the lowest.

Further, as is clear from the comparison of the integrated power generation amounts shown in Table 3 or Table 4, when the same integrated time zone S is set on the same season day, the direct power obtained as the design power generation amount is obtained. The integrated amount of solar radiation decreases as the roof inclination angle increases.

In other words, the shape of the solar roof of the solar cell workpiece which can sufficiently exert the action of the present invention is not such that the inclination angle is extremely extreme and practically no problem occurs (that is, extremely high). The degree of installation orientation dependency does not occur, and drainage can be obtained), and the one actually designed by the inventor so far has an inclination angle within 5 degrees to 45 degrees at most. Good.

The solar roof 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a rotational symmetry with respect to a rotation of 180 degrees about the vertical axis, and has a so-called two-fold symmetry axis. For example, FIG. 4 is composed of four roof surfaces R1, R2, R3, R4 which are self-symmetrical about a rotation of 180 degrees about the vertical axis Z. FIG. 3 is a view of the solar roof 4 viewed from diagonally above. The roof surface R1 and the roof surface R3 overlap with each other, and the roof surface R2 and the roof surface R4 respectively overlap with each other when rotated by 180 degrees about the vertical axis. It may not necessarily have self symmetry for a 90 degree rotation around it. (That is, with respect to the rotation of 90 degrees about the vertical axis, for example, the roof surface R1 becomes the roof surface R2,
The roof surface R2 and the roof surface R3 do not have to overlap the roof surface R3, the roof surface R4, and the roof surface R1. In this case, the vertical axis that can be selected as the rotational symmetry axis is limited to that passing through the common points (intersection points) of the four roof surfaces R1, R2, R3, and R4.

In the embodiment having the solar roof 4 as described above, the two parts constituted by the roof surface R1 and the roof surface R3, and the roof surface R2 and the roof surface R4 having a rotational symmetry of 180 degrees about the vertical axis. Since it is assumed that the solar roof 1 is combined with the solar roof, the operation in the case of the solar roof 1 is established for each partial solar roof, so that it is understood that the same operation is preserved as a whole, that is, for the solar roof 4. or,
The operation of the solar roof having an even number of rotational symmetry axes is not limited to this, and all the operations of the solar roof having the two-fold symmetry axis can be configured as described above.

In order to achieve such an effect, the roof surface R1 and the roof surface R3, or the light receiving surface obtained by moving them in parallel, must be formed by solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same rated output. . Similarly, the roof surface R2 and the roof surface R4, or the light-receiving surface obtained by moving them in parallel, must be formed by solar cell light-receiving surfaces having the same rated output. But for example,
The roof surface R1 or the light receiving surface obtained by moving the roof surface R1 arbitrarily and the roof surface R2 or the light receiving surface obtained by moving the roof surface R2 arbitrarily may be formed by light receiving surfaces of solar cells having different rated outputs. Absent. The light receiving surface formed by different inclined surfaces or a part thereof having a symmetric relationship with respect to the rotation of "...", or a part thereof is translated. The light receiving surface thus obtained is formed by a light receiving surface of a solar cell or a solar cell array having substantially equal rated output photovoltaic powers. "Has such a meaning and does not require rotational symmetry with respect to each other. It is not required to match the rated output (capacity) of the solar cells to be mounted on the light receiving surfaces. In addition, the solar roof 4 shown in FIG.
Even if the shape is symmetrical with respect to the rotation of 90 degrees about the vertical axis, the rated output (capacity) of the solar cell is aligned only for the light-receiving surfaces that are symmetrical with respect to the rotation of 180 degrees as described above. Then, the light reception of this solar roof
The rotational symmetry of the power generator is limited to that for rotation of 180 degrees.

In each of the above embodiments, the vertical axis 1
This is a description of the operation in the case of a solar roof having a rotational symmetry of 80 degrees, that is, a two-fold axis of symmetry, but the same operation is constituted by many different even planes having four faces, six faces, eight faces, etc. It has already been explained that a solar roof having a small rotational symmetry angle (that is, higher rotational symmetry) holds, but the higher the rotational symmetry, the more the horizontal azimuth dependence of the integrated power generation amount becomes. It is intuitively expected to be low. (Considering the cone as its limit, it can be seen that the same result can be obtained for any rotation and any tilt angle.)

As a typical example of an embodiment having a rotational symmetry of less than 180 degrees, a solar roof having a rotational symmetry of 120 degrees about the vertical axis, ie a solar roof with a 3-fold axis of symmetry on the vertical axis, is similar. The operation will be described.
The change in the degree of action due to the season and the inclination angle of the roof surface is almost the same as in the case of the rotational symmetry of 180 degrees described above.
In explaining the effect, the season and day will be limited to the winter solstice, and only when the inclination angle is one.

FIG. 3 shows three different roof surfaces R1 and R1.
FIG. 2 is a view of the solar roof 3 in the shape of an equilateral triangular pyramid formed by R3 and R3 as seen obliquely from above. Each roof surface has a maximum inclination angle of 15 degrees, and each roof surface has a rated output of 10 W. It is assumed that the light receiving surface of the solar cell is attached parallel to the roof surface or so as to form a part of the roof surface.

FIGS. 11, 12, and 13 are views of the solar roof 3 as seen from directly above, showing different horizontal installation directions of the solar roof 3.

In the same way as above, the symmetrical integration period S [-s, s] at the time of south central time is 3 hours before and after the time of south central time, that is,
S = [− 3 hours to 3 hours] and the period integration was performed for each horizontal installation orientation.
Shown in

[0085]

[Table 5]

As can be seen from Table 5, the cumulative amount of power generation in the cumulative period S [-s, s] on the day of the winter solstice is the same as 29.072W * HRS in any horizontal orientation. Therefore, it is understood that the above-described operation is realized also in the embodiment of the solar roof having such a shape characteristic, that is, the axis of 3-fold symmetry on the vertical axis.

The embodiment of the present invention is a solar roof surface or a solar cell light-receiving surface capable of achieving the above-mentioned effects, or a solar roof surface or a solar cell workpiece having a solar cell light-receiving surface which can be formed by any combination thereof. Alternatively, a building is the target. For example, a solar roof having the shape characteristics shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4, a solar cell light-receiving surface, or a solar roof obtained by any combination thereof, or a solar cell having a Taiyo battery light-receiving surface. It is a work / building.

The resulting action is then not simply to preserve the original geometrical symmetry of the solar roof (eg n-fold symmetry) about the vertical axis,
Higher order rotational symmetry is obtained in continuous rotation, and this is the meaning of "internal rotational symmetry" attached to the name of the present invention.

In verifying the operation of the present invention as described above, in the above embodiments, the results of computer simulation have been mainly shown. This is because it is easy to understand whether the amount of power generation can be obtained. The verification of this action in the pure mathematical aspect is as shown in the embodiment of claim 1, but it will be shown again about a typical case. To do.

Therefore, first, the case of the solar roof 1 having a two-fold symmetrical rotation axis will be described. Now, assuming that the solar cell workpiece of the present invention is installed on the ground,
The horizontal true south direction is the X axis direction, the horizontal true east direction is the Y axis direction, and the zenith vertical axis direction (that is, the rotational symmetry axis direction) is the Z axis.
Let δ (the declination of the sun) be the angle that the sun azimuth vector makes with the equatorial plane, φ be the latitude of the installation point, and let ω (plus in the morning and minus in the afternoon) be the angle of the sun relative to the time of the south central point. Let the normal azimuth vectors (roof vectors) of the respective roof surfaces of the solar roof 1 be V1 and V2, and the azimuth vector of the sun be P.

The roof inclination angles α1 and α2 are equal to α,
If the horizontal azimuths of the two roof vectors are β and −β, respectively, P has the vector expression of Equation 1 and V1 and V2 have the vector expression of Equation 8 respectively. Note that ω = −ω. t: t is a time based on South Central Time, where morning is negative and afternoon is positive.

[0092]

(Equation 8)

In order to verify the operation of the present invention, a time period T = [t1 = <t = <t where both roof surfaces are simultaneously exposed to the sun.
In [2], it may be shown that the value of the integrated value I 1 shown in the equation 9 does not depend on the installation orientation β.

[0094]

[Equation 9]

When this is calculated, after all: P · V1 + P · V2 = 2 (COSφCOSδCOS
(Ω.t) COSα + SINφSINδCOSα) From this, it can be seen that the value of I is calculated as in Equation 10 and that the value does not depend on β.

[0096]

(Equation 10)

This can be shown not only for a solar roof having a two-fold symmetry axis but also for a solar roof having an n-fold symmetry axis in general. Let the roof vector of a solar roof with n-fold symmetry axis; V1, V2, ...
····················································································.

[0098]

[Equation 11]

Intuitively, this solar roof is n-fold symmetric with respect to rotation about the vertical axis, so the composition of the roof vectors V1, V2, ..., Vn is its rotational symmetry axis. Overlaps with the vertical axis. That is, V1 + V2 + ... + Vn = V · nCOSα V is a unit azimuth vector of the rotational symmetry axis. Therefore, P ・ V
Since it does not depend on the installation orientation β, its time integration also does not depend on β. In addition, the composition of the roof vector is
Overlapping with the vertical axis is the i-th roof vector V
If the expression of i is set to 12, and the horizon of the trigonometric series shown in Expression 13 is used to set h = 2π / n, the sum of these series becomes zero, and the synthesis (sum) of Vi ends up with the vertical axis. It is shown that they overlap.

[0100]

(Equation 12)

[0101]

(Equation 13)

From the above, it was found that the shape characteristics of the light-receiving surface and the method of mounting the solar cell described in claim 2 are only the special cases described in claim 1. As a result, All the propositions that can be verified in the example of
It is understood that the case of claim 2 is also established.

[0103] On the other hand, what is important as an example is that, in the shape characteristics of the solar roof as described above, any solar cell structure or structure including the energy balance can be actually realized for a specific purpose. That is,
Some specific examples will be shown below as examples. In the description of the examples, the calculation of the power generation amount of the solar cell is based on the method described in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-254614 of the present inventor; “Method of measuring received light amount, method of measuring sunshine conditions and solar energy utilization system”. As a matter of fact, the direct sunshine conditions of the installation point in the winter solstice slightly differ depending on the embodiment, but they are set between about two and a half hours and three hours before and after the time of the south central time, respectively, from the sky where the solar cell surface can receive and receive light. The scattered sunshine condition indicating the intake ratio of scattered light was 85% to 90%, and the necessary meteorological data used was that of the Tokyo region shown in Table 1.

On the basis of the above-mentioned premise, some examples of solar signs which emit light at night will be shown below as examples of the present invention. These solar signs show a 12-volt solar system attached to a solar roof. Photovoltaic power generated during the daytime by a battery is stored in a built-in secondary battery and used as power for nighttime light emission display. An electroluminescence (EL) panel is used as a light emitter and its lighting circuit. Japanese Patent Application No. 6-163373 of the present inventor;
The light emission illuminance of the EL shall be set within the range of approximately 15 to 30 lux by using the one described in "Solar Sign". For the display surface including the light-emitting display, a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet made of vinyl chloride, for example, is attached to the front or back of a transparent resin substrate, and the light-emitting character part and the light-emitting pattern are formed by sheet cut-out characters. Shall cut and paste the characters and patterns cut out from the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet of a color different from the color of the base pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet.

In FIG. 42, 15 tilted in the direction opposite to each other.
1 shows a solar roof in which solar cells S1 and S2 are mounted on roof surfaces R1 and R2 that are two differently inclined surfaces having an inclination angle of degrees. In the case of such a solar roof, one of the vertical axes intersecting with a straight line where the plane including the roof surface R1 and the plane including the roof surface R2 intersect is a rotational symmetry axis.

FIG. 43 shows a solar river name sign having the solar roof shown in FIG. 42, which is mainly installed on the embankment along the river. In this river name indicator, the main name is displayed in Hiragana or / and Kanji, and the subordinate display is in Roman characters. In addition, the EL used for the backlight of the Hiragana notation part should, in principle, follow the shape of the character (slightly thicker than the displayed character) in order to save extra light emitting parts, the number of parts of the lighting device, and power consumption. And), the light emitting portion is formed in a pattern. The typeface of the characters to be displayed is Hiragana and Kanji, Nal D, and the Roman character is Helvetica Demibold. Both sides are to be displayed. It can be selected according to the rated capacity of, and depending on the combination, a considerable number of models are possible.

In the solar river name marker shown in FIG. 43, the dimensions of the display surface are approximately 1200 mm × 2.
Equivalent to 400 millimeters, and the size of the displayed characters is 4 or less, the hiragana and kanji are approximately 45
When the number of main display characters is increased to 5 or 6 characters, the character size is set to be long and the character width per character is cut off. Romaji has a character height of approximately 225. Assuming that the size of a millimeter is about 1300 mm in the horizontal direction and about 330 to 400 mm in width in the tilt direction, the maximum size of a single crystal silicon solar cell that can be mounted on the roof is 1 mm. The rated capacity is approximately 50 to 60 watts.

[0108]

[Table 6]

Table 6 shows the solar cell power generation per day when it is assumed that the solar cells S1 and S2 having a rated output of 107 watts are mounted on the two roof surfaces R1 and R2 of FIG. 1 (or FIG. 42). It is the result of calculating the amount,
Based on this, when the types that can be combined are set, for example, Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, and Table 10 are shown as examples of the present invention.
The model specifications shown in are obtained.

[0110]

[Table 7]

[0111]

[Table 8]

[0112]

[Table 9]

[0113]

[Table 10]

Explaining this type code, the display type indicates the layout of characters, for example, 4H.
In the case of R4HR, the layout of the indicator characters is 4 characters in hiragana and roman letters on the first surface and 4 characters in hiragana and roman letters on the second surface. Also, for example, 5HR4KR indicates that the layout of the sign character is formed by the hiragana 5 characters and Roman letters on the first surface and the Chinese character 4 characters and Roman letters on the second surface. That is, H means Hiragana and K means Kanji notation, but even in Hiragana notation, "Kawa" in Kanji can be mixed with "Kawa" in Hiragana to reduce the number of characters in Hiragana notation. To do.

The light emitting type is a code indicating which character portion of which surface is to be illuminated at night. 2HR causes both hiragana and romaji notation to emit light, and 2H causes only hiragana notation to emit light on both display surfaces. , HR emits only one side of hiragana and roman letters, and H emits only hiragana only on one side. HRKR emits all hiragana and romanization on the first side and kanji and romanization on the second side, HK emits hiragana and romanization on the first side, and KR shows kanji. And Romaji notation is emitted only on one side, and K is Kanji notation only emitted on one side.

The roof type is the type of solar roof, and the alphabet part shows the characteristics of the shape and size of the solar roof, and the number next to the hyphen "-" is a code indicating the capacity of the solar cell to be mounted. That is, TMJ is shown in FIG.
Shows the shape and size of the above-described solar roof having the above-mentioned approximate dimensions, and a solar cell having a rated capacity of 22 watts is provided for TMJ-1 and a solar cell having a rated capacity of 43 watts is provided for TMJ-2. TMJ-3 has a solar cell with a rated capacity of 48.5 watts, and TMJ-4.
A solar cell with a rated capacity of 53 watts is installed in the.

The general model is a combination of all these codes, and the night-time lighting time can be set from about 8 hours to full time (from sunset to dawn), although it varies depending on the model. In addition, if the night lighting time is set to a value different from the above range, the combination with the roof type may be different from the one shown in Tables 5 to 8 even if the same display / light emission type is used. Is. The capacity of the secondary battery (battery) is the setting of the number of days of non-sunshine operation around the winter solstice,
Naturally, it depends on the model, but here, the number of days of non-sunshine operation around the winter solstice is set to about 6 days or more, and the secondary battery capacity is set to about the following range. Roof type TMJ-1; 24A HRS Roof type TMJ-2; 24-48A HR
S Roof type of TMJ-3; 48A ・ HRS Roof type of TMJ-4; 48A ・ HRS In addition, the capacity of each secondary battery is 24A ・ HRS doing. in this case,
If the selection of the secondary battery capacity per unit is changed or the number of types is increased, the value will be different. In addition, these calculations (calculation of the relationship between the number of days without sunlight and the secondary battery capacity)
Even on non-sunshine days (unless it is a total solar eclipse)
The scattered light from the sky (scattered solar radiation) is calculated as contributing to the photovoltaic power of the solar cell.

FIG. 44 is a general model out of the examples shown in the model of the name of the solar river name; 4HR4HR-2HR * TMJ-4 corresponding to the model, including the schematic dimensions. In order to make it easier to understand, the pillars are included, but the lengths of the pillars differ from each other on the slope (slope) of the embankment, at a right angle to the running direction of the embankment (the normal direction of the display surface is This is because it is intended to be installed parallel to the running direction of.

The above is the model of the embodiment obtained when the shape and size are specified as above in the solar river name mark shown in FIG. 43. However, if the shape and size are changed, another embodiment will be obtained. The model of is obtained. For example, when the size of the display surface is 1500 mm in length and width x 3000 mm, and the approximate size per character of the main display characters, Hiragana and Kanji, is within 4 characters per display surface, 6
It is assumed that it is equivalent to 00 mm square, the number of characters is 5,
If the number of characters is increased to 6 characters, the character size shall be elongated and the character width per character shall be cut off. The height of Roman characters should be 300 mm, and the approximate size per roof should be horizontal. Assuming that the direction is 1600 millimeters and the width in the tilt direction is about 430 to 500 millimeters,
The maximum rated capacity of a solar cell made of single crystal silicon that can be mounted per roof surface is about 70 to 80 watts.

Tables 11, 12, and 1 show the comprehensive model numbers of the examples newly obtained based on the above new dimension setting.
3, shown in Table 14.

[0121]

[Table 11]

[0122]

[Table 12]

[0123]

[Table 13]

[0124]

[Table 14]

The meaning of the model code is the same as the last time, but this time the alphabet part of the roof code is
TML, each roof side; TML-1
Is a solar cell with a rated capacity of 43 watts
A solar cell with a rated capacity of 48.5 watts is used for L-2, a solar cell with a rated capacity of 54 watts is used for TML-3, and a rated capacity is 78 for TML-4.
A solar cell equivalent to watts is installed.

The night lighting time varies depending on the model as in the previous time, but can be set from about 6 hours to about 12 hours. If the night lighting time is set to a value different from the above range, the combination of the roof type and the display / light emitting type may be different from those shown in Tables 11 to 14. Is natural. When the same number of days of non-sunlight operation is set, the required secondary battery capacity naturally increases considerably compared to the previous one, and for the same corresponding roof model number, approximately 1.5 to 2 of the previous one.
It will be about double.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 45 is a solar road sign having a solar roof having the shape characteristic shown in FIG. 42, and which is which direction is ahead of the intersection or the junction (road division) of the road. The direction guidance sign (shown in (1) belongs to the so-called "108 series" in the specialized classification of road signs).

It seems that the standard size and the size of the letters of the display board of the 108-series road guide signs are set to a temporary standard by the road administration, but the width and standard of the road (for example, national road or prefectural road, It depends on whether it is a high-standard automobile road or a general road). Here, as a typical example, with reference to the dimension standard used for general national roads, the vertical dimension × horizontal dimension 2400 m / m × 3000 m / m Japanese character dimension 300 m / m □ is set. The number of characters and the way of branching the arrow vary depending on the intersection, but the typical one is
In terms of the number of Japanese characters, it is 8-10 characters, and most of them are about 14 characters. On the national highways, in addition to Japanese, it is common to write Roman letters as well.

For the time being, if the display unit that emits light at night is made up of only Japanese characters, the TMJ type solar roof can be used as the model of the solar roof. In the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. Table 15 shows the combination of the number of words and the solar roof type;

[0130]

[Table 15]

The night lighting time is assumed to be full time (generally from sunset to dawn).

In addition to the Japanese notation, the TML system is the main type of solar roof used when the Roman notation is also made to emit light, and the roof type is selected in terms of the number of Japanese characters and the number and size of Roman characters. Sa (character length)
However, for example, the average character arrangement size for each Roman alphabet is vertical x horizontal 200 m / m x 1000 m / m, and there are about 3 to 5 Roman alphabets on one display surface. Assuming that the type of solar roof in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 45 is selected based on the combination of the number of Japanese characters and the number of Roman characters, for example, a schematic table 1
Selection / combination such as 6 is possible.

[0133]

[Table 16]

It is assumed that the night lighting time is 12 hours or full time.

The embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 46 to 50 is a solar emergency telephone sign indicating the location of an emergency telephone installed on a highway or the like.
The right side is a side view, and the left side is the nighttime light emitting part on the display surface, which is outlined. The light-emitting surface is double-sided, and the size of the display area is approximately the size of the entire display area excluding the metal frame at the outer periphery; vertical x horizontal 900 m / m x 600 m / m, and the display area is large. It is divided into a pictograph of a telephone mark and a character display of "emergency telephone". As a combination of the nighttime light emitting portions, for example, there may be a case where only the pictogram display portion is illuminated, and a combination where both the pictogram display portion and the character display portion are illuminated. Also, how to make the pictogram illuminate, for example, when illuminating the telephone mark itself,
When the edge of the telephone mark is to be illuminated, although not shown in the figure, there is a choice to illuminate the surrounding area without illuminating the telephone mark. In accordance with that, the necessary light emitting part of the EL panel is formed and then on the display surface. It is advisable to use it in combination with the cut-out or cut-and-paste pattern of the pressure-bonded sheet formed in 1. If the telephone mark is not illuminated but the surrounding area is illuminated, the pictogram of the telephone is formed by cutting and sticking a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet on the display surface.
The non-light emitting part of the L panel itself is formed by the peak mark of the telephone, and the color is different from the ground color of the light emitting part when the light is not emitted (that is, the daytime display color of the pictomark of the telephone). There is also a method of displaying the EL panel itself as a display forming body of the picto display section. When the character display section also emits light, the light from the EL light emitting panel is emitted to the outside through a display plate having a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet cut out of characters on a transparent display substrate.

In the emergency telephone signs shown in FIGS. 46 to 50, the power consumption and the capacity of the solar cell mounted on the solar roof are naturally different depending on which part and how the light is emitted. After setting the inclination angle of each roof surface to 15 degrees and setting the nighttime light emission time to full time,

FIG. 46 shows a pattern in which the EL light emitting portion is formed so that only the picto display portion emits light, and only the edge of the telephone mark emits light with a width of, for example, about 10 mm, which can be mounted on the solar roof. The maximum rated capacity of the solar cell is approximately 12 watts per one side of the roof.

FIG. 47 shows that the EL light emitting portion is formed into a pattern so that only the picto display portion emits light, and moreover only the telephone mark emits light. The rated capacity of the solar cell that can be mounted on the solar roof is shown in FIG. Is about 24 watts per side of the roof at maximum.

In FIG. 48, both the pictograph display portion and the character display portion emit light, and the pictograph portion is patterned so that only the edge of the telephone mark emits light over a width of, for example, about 10 mm. The maximum capacity of the solar cell that can be mounted on the solar roof is about 24 watts per one side of the roof.

49 and 50, the EL light emitting portion is patterned so that both the pictograph display portion and the character display portion emit light, and the pictograph portion emits only the telephone mark as a whole. The maximum rated capacity of the solar cells that can be mounted on the solar roof is approximately 18 watts per side of the roof.

The embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 51 is a solar main spot name sign installed on a central separator or a traffic island near a road intersection to display spot names. The light emitting surface is on both sides, and the light emitting time period is 12 hours to 12 hours or full time after sunset. The size of displayed characters is about 200 per character.
To 220 mm square, and the standard number of characters is 3 to 4 characters per display surface. If the number of characters per display surface exceeds four characters, the dimension in the height direction for each character is truncated, or in some cases, the vertical dimension of the display surface is extended. The width of the display surface excluding the surrounding area of the storage frame shall be approximately twice the width of the characters. It is assumed that the light emitting portion is only the character portion and, for example, the band-shaped frame surrounding the character portion does not emit light. As the display surface, a transparent display substrate on which a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet with a cut-out character portion is attached is used so that the light emission of EL is transmitted from the character portion. The inclination angle of the roof surface of the solar roof is approximately 15 degrees, and the rated capacity of the solar cells to be mounted is approximately 10 to 12 watts per roof surface.

In the above description, the light emission time at night is described as, for example, 10 hours or 12 hours in consideration of the season and day when the night time (generally from sunset to dawn) is longer than that. It should be put in, and on the day when the night time is less than that, such as summer, it will be turned off at dawn. Such setting can be easily achieved by a logical combination of the time setting by the timer that defines the light emission time and the sensor output that detects the environmental illuminance (this can be achieved by laterally forming the logic circuit in the control circuit). still,
It goes without saying that the output of the sensor that detects the environmental illuminance can also be used as the photovoltaic power of the solar power plant.

Although all of the above-mentioned embodiments are in the field of signage that emits light at night, an embodiment relating to a solar telephone box is shown in FIGS. 52 and 53. Such a telephone box uses photovoltaic power from a solar cell to cover all incoming and outgoing power of the telephone, night lighting power inside and outside the box, sensor system that detects the human body, and in some cases, drive power of the ventilation fan. It has a built-in battery. In addition, in consideration of the case where a telephone card is used, the reception and transmission power of the telephone, which is the main load, also includes the driving power of the fee collecting device. Further, the telephone housed in such a telephone box is not a wired telephone, but considering the usefulness at the time of disaster, it is advisable to house a cellular radio telephone system, for example.

This solar telephone box is provided with a night-light emission type display using EL as a light-emitting body to show its location,
In addition, an internal lighting by EL or cold cathode tube is provided inside, but the power consumption is 2 watts or less at the most so that the telephone number can be checked, and the human body is turned on only when the user is inside. Have a sensor system to detect. For this purpose, for example, a pyroelectric sensor may be used in the simplest case, or an inclusion (that is, a human body) is detected by using a system that receives a light beam of an LED or a laser diode that blinks every few seconds. May be. When installing a ventilation fan, use a brushless DC fan, drive it only in the daytime, and branch the charging circuit and the power supply circuit to the main load for communication only when the secondary battery is overcharged. A temperature sensor is provided by the excess photovoltaic power of the solar cell flowing in the branch circuit, and ventilation is performed when the temperature exceeds a certain temperature. In consideration of flooding of users at the time of a disaster, in such a case, a manual switch is provided for the ventilation fan, the display and the internal lighting so that the power other than the main load can be saved. Allow the installer to manually turn them off.

FIG. 52 shows an emergency telephone box having a solar roof composed of two roof surfaces which are symmetrical with respect to a rotation of 180 degrees around the vertical axis. With a tilt angle of 15 degrees, the size per roof surface is approximately 1
If the length is about 300 mm and the length in the tilt direction is around 700 mm, the rated capacity of the single crystal silicon solar cell that can be mounted on one surface of the roof varies depending on the type and combination of solar cell modules, but is generally about 100-
Since it is about 110 watts, if calculated as 106 watts, it is possible to cover about 340 W · HRS of power consumption per day even in the winter solstice when the intake of photovoltaic power is the smallest. Of these, the load other than the main load, except the ventilation fan, consumes at most 50 to 70 W · HRS per day, so even on the winter solstice day, 270 to 29 W / day.
It is possible to secure the power of 0 W · HRS in the main load. Since the electric power of the ventilation fan is the complete surplus electric power that cannot contribute to the driving of the main load, it can be excluded from the energy balance of the system related to the main load as a factor outside the system.

As a result, the extent to which the telephone communication system can be used as the main load is outside the scope of the configuration of this embodiment, that is, this embodiment relates only to the telephone box, and is accommodated there. Since it is not related to a telephone system that is used, the power consumption is completely different between a standby state and a transmission (communication) in the case of a typical cellular phone. It is overwhelmingly larger when sending),
Since the power consumption at the time of transmission is at most 10 watts or less, it can be easily understood that, for example, in the event of a disaster, even if the user wears it all day and night, the power will be covered.

The solar telephone box of the embodiment shown in FIG. 53 has a vertical axis 1 that extends right through the center of the box.
It has a solar roof composed of four roof surfaces that are symmetrical with respect to a rotation of 80 degrees, and this solar roof has the same characteristics as the solar roof 4 shown in FIG. Assuming that the maximum inclination angles of the four roof surfaces are all about 15 degrees, the maximum size of a rectangle (each roof surface is a parallelogram) that can be inserted per roof surface is approximately When set to about 650 m / m x 600 m / m, the rated capacity of the single-crystal silicon solar cell that can be mounted per roof surface is about 44 watts, and the photovoltaic power that can be ingested per day is about 44 watts.
The power consumption that can be covered is approximately 280 W · HRS, and it can be seen that the same capacity as that shown in the embodiment of FIG. 48 can be obtained.

In each of the above examples of the solar sign and the solar telephone box, the calculation of the integrated power generation amount of the direct solar radiation in the design power generation amount in the winter season day (winter solstice) is based on the time of the south central time. Two and a half to three hours before and after the center are set as the design time zone (that is, the integrated time zone), and this set value is in the season day (winter solstice) in any of the above embodiments. In addition, the difference in horizontal orientation does not occur in the integrated power generation amount. In addition, the system energy balance (electric power balance) of the solar cell work as shown above becomes the most severe in winter, so the system design and hence the model determination are almost always done in the winter design date (winter solstice). Since it is possible to derive from the design power generation amount, it is not necessary to set another design date, but if it is set, the common sense would be to add spring equinox, summer solstice and autumn equinox as design dates. In such a case, if the design time zones S for the summer solstice and the spring and autumn equilibrium are set to fall within the following ranges, the dependency on the horizontal orientation will be largely eliminated even on the day of the season. Yes (just in case, the winter solstice value is also noted). Summer solstice: S = [−5: 30 to 5:30] Spring / fall: S = [−4: 30 to 4:30] Winter solstice: S = [−3: 00 to 3:00]

Table 17 shows a concrete example of the power balance design of the solar cell work based on the setting of the design time zone as described above in each season, with the solar river name mark, model 5HR4KR-HRKR * TMJ-4. However, for each model other than those shown in Table 7 to Table 10 or Table 11 to Table 14, the setting of the design time zone and the scattered sunshine condition for each design season day is shown in the table. This is the same as that shown in 17.

[0150]

[Table 17]

Table 18 shows a concrete example of the power balance design of the solar cell work based on the setting of the design time zone in each season, in the solar road guide sign of the 108 series, 10 Japanese characters and Roman characters. Notation part 4 enclosure, roof type TM
L-4 is shown.

[0152]

[Table 18]

Tables 19 and 20 show specific examples of the power balance design of the solar cell workpiece based on the setting of the design time zone in each season for the solar emergency telephone signs shown in FIG. 48. It is a thing. Table 19 and Table 20 differ in the installed solar cell capacity and load power consumption (light emission brightness).

[0154]

[Table 19]

[0155]

[Table 20]

In the above examples, the scattered sunshine condition is the ratio of the radiant energy from the sky that can be ingested by the light receiving surface of the solar cell, and 1 or 100% is the case where an unobstructed horizontal surface can be ingested from the whole sky. As the specific value of energy that the undisturbed horizontal plane can ingest from the whole sky, the value read from the above-mentioned meteorological data map (the value of "horizontal scattered solar radiation" in Table 1) is used. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, assuming that the average scattering sunshine condition of the light receiving surface of the solar roof is 90%, the radiant energy received by the light receiving surface of this solar roof from the sky per unit area is the above-mentioned "horizontal plane scattering". solar radiation"
This is 90% of the value of. Therefore, the designed power generation amount by the scattered solar radiation generated by the solar cell mounted on the light receiving surface of the solar roof can be easily calculated.

As described above, the measurement / check of the direct sunlight condition and the scattered sunlight condition at the actual installation point is a prior application of the present inventor: Japanese Patent Application No. 3-254614; Condition measurement method and solar energy utilization system ”. In this case, the scattered sunlight condition needs to be calculated for each light receiving surface, but the direct sunlight condition only needs to be known at the point where the light receiving surface as the installation point is placed. For each light receiving surface, the method of each surface is used. Depending on the line orientation, it is processed in a computer-based calculation process.

Note that the value of the direct solar radiation power generation shown in the calculation of the design power generation amount in the embodiment of the present invention is the attenuation of the sunlight due to the momentary air mass value due to the direction of the sun, and the division according to the sunshine rate. Has already been included in the calculated values, but the effects of dirt on the solar cell light-receiving surface and attenuation due to the transmittance of the light-receiving surface material have not been included. As a safety factor of, it is divided and processed at once. The calculation of the sunshine rate is obtained from the meteorological data of the solar radiation directly from the normal surface. That is, the normal surface (the sunflower surface that always faces the sun) should receive light, and it is a perfect sunny day from sunrise to sunset with a sunshine ratio of 100.
The ideal received solar radiation amount in the case of% is also calculated by a computer, and the value obtained by dividing the value obtained by dividing the normal surface direct radiation amount in the meteorological data by 100 is taken as the sunshine rate (%).

As described above, in order to calculate the actual amount of power generation, various factors other than the spatial orientation of the roof surface must be taken into consideration, but in the design time zone included in the total sunshine time zone. There is a simple method for obtaining the amount of direct solar power generation and its integrated value as shown below. This method can be commonly used for the light receiving surface (solar roof) of claim 1 or the light receiving surface (solar roof) of claim 2. That is, the inclination angle of each light receiving surface (angle formed by the roof vector and the vertical axis) is α1, α2, ..., αn, and the solar cell capacities of the respective light receiving surfaces are C1, C2 ,. , Cn, C = C1 · SIN (α1) + C2 · SIN (α2) + on the horizontal plane, that is, the projective plane.
··············································································································································································································· lifemanmanmanallman Alleg] In the case of b) of claim 1 in which there is a horizontal installation orientation that is the full-time sunshine time zone in the design time zone, the cumulative amount of power generation in the design time zone obtained by this method is in the design time zone. It gives the minimum value of the integrated power generation amount.

[0160] From the above description of the embodiments, the method of designing, manufacturing, introducing and installing the solar cell structure included in any one of claims 3, 4, and 5 has been clarified. Specific examples include a solar sign and a solar phone box. Claims 6, 7, 8
Is a solar cell work or construction whose main load is a pump or / and a blower, the operation of the invention,
The effect is remarkable. As a method of designing, manufacturing, introducing and installing a solar cell workpiece / building based on the operation of the present invention, the method described in the above-mentioned embodiment can be applied as it is even if the load and the purpose of use are different. That is, if the magnitude of the load power on the set season day is known, set the design conditions (the design time zone and the scattered sunshine conditions) in consideration of the installation conditions,
After that, the shape of the solar roof and the mounting amount of the solar cells that can cover the load power may be determined. Or,
The shape of the solar roof, the amount of solar cells to be mounted, and the design conditions may be set first, and the specification may be determined to have a load power of a size commensurate with the setting. Therefore, in the embodiments of claims 6, 7, and 8, the method of setting the design specifications has already been described, so the description about the power balance of the system is limited to the necessary minimum, and the description will be mainly given with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 54 is one of the embodiments relating to claim 6 and shows a solar automatic watering type “solar flower box”. That is, having a submersible pump immersed in the water tank or a water absorption pump capable of absorbing water from the water tank, the photovoltaic power generated by the solar cell is stored in the secondary battery, and the pump is set at sunset or dawn, or Both of them are driven for a fixed time set in advance, and water is planted through water pipes such as tubes. The determination of sunset or dawn is made by detecting the photoelectromotive force of the solar cell, or by detecting the output of an optical sensor separately provided. The irrigation time zone can be set by a timer, and whether the irrigation time is set to sunset, dawn, or both can be selected by a selection switch. The water source of the water tank may be devised so that rainwater can be collected by combining it with pavement made of permeable tiles, or a water pipe may be drawn to maintain a certain level of water level. Water may be supplied with a water supply hose or a water supply truck. In the case of such a system, the key points are the performance of the submersible pump (water absorption pump), the amount of irrigation per day, the capacity of the water tank, the shape characteristics of the solar roof, and the amount of solar cells installed.

The submersible (water absorption) pump is preferably a DC pump in order to simplify the system. For example, a DC pump having the following performance is generally commercially available. DC 12V submersible pump: Maximum pumping height 3.5M Maximum discharge water volume 50 liters / minute power consumption 84 watts DC 24V submersible pump maximum pumping height 5M Maximum discharge water volume 35 liters / minute power consumption 84 watts Therefore, for example, pumping height 3 As a meter, if you use a submersible pump for 12V and the discharge water amount per minute is 8 liters, if you drip irrigate for 10 minutes a day (total), the irrigation amount per day will be about 80 liters, If you apply drip irrigation equivalent to 2 liters / day per directly planted pot, 40
It is possible to cover the direct watering of pots (However, since the volume in the pipe is ignored, if you want to prevent the back flow of residual water in the pipe after watering, install a check valve at the base of the pipe. It is good to attach). Since the power consumption per day in this case is approximately 14 W · HRS / day, the spatial shape characteristics of the light receiving surface of the solar roof are the same as those shown in FIG. Assuming that it is formed by the light receiving surface, the design conditions for spring, summer, autumn, winter and winter and the standard (10 W / photovoltaic cell conversion of the light receiving surface) design power generation amount are shown in Table 6, the sun per light receiving surface The battery capacity is approximately 4.5 watts, and the total of the light receiving surfaces is approximately 9 watts. In the case of such a system, since one submersible pump can irrigate approximately 20 aerial flowerbed poles, the water pipe is branched in several stages to distribute water to each aerial flowerbed, and the solar cell roof. Also, you can select and install an aerial flowerbed pole close to the water tank.

Such a solar automatic watering system is
If the water in the water tank is used as drinking water, it can be used as irrigation water for planting all the time, but in the event of an emergency, it can also be used for emergency drinking water. it can.

55, 56 and 57 show an embodiment of the "solar float purification system" according to claim 7.
This system suffers from severe water pollution due to the enrichment of water quality by organic matter (ie, the biological oxygen demand, BO
The purpose is to purify the water quality of inland water such as lakes and ponds, which has a high D value. By returning water enriched with aerial oxygen in the water, the aerobic bacteria in the water or on the bottom of the water can be propagated. Although it is for accelerating the decomposition treatment of organic matter,
It is difficult and uneconomical to refuel the aeration power source and / or the circulation power source for intake / drainage or to install a system power source from the outside in such a system. Independent power supply type solar cells as shown in the example are preferable. However, in the case of the floating structure according to the present embodiment, it is difficult to fix the floating direction, and this is an example in which the embodiment of the present invention is effective.

For example, in the case of lakes and swamps, for example, eutrophication is precipitated and the pollution is most severe at the bottom of the water. When aerating lake water, it is meaningless to aerate deep water. However, if this is directly aerated, a considerable aeration pressure is required, the number of air pumps that can be used is small, and it is expensive, and above all, the amount of aeration per power consumption (watt) is extremely small.

Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 55, the pipe 555 and the discharge port 556 are driven by the submersible pump 553.
Through the aeration water tank 551 on the floating body through the aeration fan or air pump installed in the storage box 554 to discharge the air through the aeration discharge pipe W to aerate the shallow water on the floating body to aeration the oxygen. Enriched water,
The drain tube 55 extending to the bottom of the water due to the difference between the water level on the lake surface and the water level on the floating body or due to the siphon effect.
It adopts the circulation aeration method that returns to the bottom in 7.
When using the siphon effect, the siphon effect will not automatically return when the water in the water tank is exhausted.Therefore, another submersible pump or water absorption pump installed in the water tank at the time of initial operation should support the drainage action. It should be set to.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 56, the water tank body 561 is hermetically sealed and pressurized and aerated. Air is sucked in through the suction pipe 566, pressurized and discharged from the aeration discharge pipe W, and aerated. The water in the drainage pipe 56 is caused by the action of the aeration pressure (tank pressure) in addition to the water level difference between the water level in the aeration tank and the natural water level.
It is discharged to the bottom of the deep water through No. 7.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 57, the water tank is not provided on the floating body (therefore, 571 is a simple hollow container), and the air sucked from the air suction pipe 576 does not absorb water.
Water sucked up from 4 and inside the water absorption pipe or box 57
It is directly mixed in the pump tank of the mixer water absorption pump in No. 3 or in the mixer submersible pump in the mesh box 575, and is drained to the water bottom together with water through the discharge drain pipe 577. Therefore, in such a case, when the container 571 can also be used as a floating body, the floating body 572 may be unnecessary.

In this system, the secondary battery may or may not be provided. However, if the solar cell is directly driven, the output (internal) impedance of the solar cell changes significantly depending on the intensity of received light. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the specifications of the power machine (motor) even when using a DC device. For example, in the case of specifications that assume a constant input impedance, such as a brushless motor, the generated power of the solar cell may not be sufficiently and efficiently consumed.In such a case, the secondary battery should be used as a buffer. It may be better to hold it as However, if the secondary battery is overcharged and the power from the solar cell becomes excess power,
It is necessary to use a power distribution system that mainly consumes the power generated by the solar cell and consumes the power from the secondary battery to the extent that the shortage is supplemented. In such a power distribution method, the power supply line to the load is divided into a secondary battery and a solar battery, and the power supplied from both is distributed by changing the time division duty ratio by the time division method. A control system should be provided.

Typical performance specifications of such a "solar float purification system" are shown below by taking the case of FIG. 55 as an example. Roof shape: In the solar roof shown in FIG. 4, the maximum inclination angle of each light-receiving surface is equal to 15 degrees. The horizontal projection area of the entire solar roof will be approximately 25 square meters. Amount of solar cells installed: Rated output capacity of approximately 6 per light receiving surface
00 watts, the total solar roof will be 2.4 kW (kilowatt). Pumping power: 25 watts per cubic meter / hour Aeration power: 1.5 watts per cubic meter / hour, circulating air volume (treated water volume) 5 cubic meters per cubic meter of air, and aeration time only during the daytime Do Then, the average daily exposure and water circulation in spring, summer, autumn and winter will be as shown in Table 21 below:
The design conditions for each season are as shown in Table 6.

[0171]

[Table 21]

FIG. 58 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the solar toilet according to claim 8. The shape characteristics of the solar roof shall be as shown in Fig. 1, the light-receiving surface shall have an inclination angle of both 15 degrees, and the design conditions for each design season and the standard design power generation shall be as shown in Table 6. This solar toilet is a flush type simple toilet, but it is equipped with a septic tank 583 of a single treatment method including up to tertiary treatment, and the BOD of inflow water is 260 PPM.
As a result, the BOD standard of the discharged water quality in the drain pipe U2 can be achieved up to about 20 to 30 PPM. The treated wastewater is collected in the intermediate water tank 584, pumped up to the flush water storage tank 581 by the water absorption pump stored in 587, and sent to the toilet 582 through the washing pipe U1 by the combined automatic operation of the human body detection sensor J and the electromagnetic valve q1. Although it is circulated, when the water level in the medium water tank 584 becomes lower than a certain level, the solenoid valve q2 of the purified water supply pipe U5 is opened from the control system stored in the storage box 585 through the wiring F5, and the clean water is the flush water storage tank. 581 is replenished. In addition, the water absorption / stopping of the flush water is transmitted to the control system stored in the storage box 585 through a signal from the water level sensor attached to the flush water tank, and stored in the storage box 587. This is performed by controlling the water absorption pump and / or the solenoid valve U5. The purification method is a microbial treatment method using activated sludge of aerobic bacteria, and is a contact aeration process in which air is supplied to the contact aeration tank 583 through the aeration discharge pipe W by the air pump stored in the storage box 586. Therefore, the main load is the power for this aeration and the power for circulating the wash water, and the incidental lights are night lights including a ventilation fan and a toilet sign. The number of toilet bowls will be about 3 in total, and the load on the septic tank will be equivalent to 50 people (in short, the average total number of users per day will be about 50 people).

Then, the amount of flush water used is approximately 2.5 cubic meters per day, and the aeration amount is approximately 7.2 cubic meters per hour with an aeration depth of 1 to 1.5 meters. Approximately 200 W per day as electric power for water absorption
・ As power for HRS and aeration, approximately 3.6 kW HRS per day (continuous day / night aeration) is required, and auxiliary load power for night lighting is approximately 140-200 W ・ H
Assuming RS / day, the required load power per day is about 4 KW · HRS. Therefore, referring to Table 6, the required solar cell mounting amount is 85%
%, The light receiving surface has a capacity of approximately 625 watts, which is a total capacity of 2.5 kilowatts.
The size of a solar cell made of single crystal silicon is about 25 square meters in total, which is a toilet of about 5 meters square in a plan view.

Although not shown, the toilet sign or night illumination in the toilet uses an EL or cold cathode tube, and the internal illumination automatically detects the presence or absence of a user by the human body detection sensor J. The system should be turned on only when there are users. In addition, although the aeration is assumed to be performed continuously at night, it may be possible to switch to intermittent aeration at night. Naturally, the system should be equipped with a secondary battery. Ventilation fan 5
88 should also be installed, but the power for the ventilation fan should be used only when the secondary battery is overcharged and the photovoltaic power of the solar cell is sufficient to supply the power required for the main load. The surplus power shall be used for this. Therefore, as in the case of the ventilation fan of the solar telephone box according to the fifth aspect, the power of the ventilation fan 588 can be placed outside the power balance of the entire system.

[0175]

[Effect] The primary effect of the present invention can be directly derived from its action. As is clear from the operation of the present invention and the description of the embodiment thereof, the solar cell workpiece or building according to the present invention is such that the integrated power generation amount in the design time zone does not depend on the horizontal installation direction, Or it does not fall below a certain value. Therefore, the solar cell workpiece according to the present invention, if the installation point direct sunlight conditions include the design time zone, it is possible to select any installation orientation without worrying about the horizontal installation orientation. As a result, unlike the conventional general solar cell workpiece, it is not necessary to direct the solar cell surface to the predetermined direction (usually south) depending on the installation point and installation direction. The integrity of the image will not be impaired.

[0176] This effect is particularly remarkable for signs in which the identity of the image as a display object is important, including the frame, and above all, such as river name signs and 108 series road guide signs. In the case where the display surface is wide horizontally and the thickness is thin, it is almost impossible to install the required solar cell panel at the set inclination angle (almost 45 degrees) toward the south as in the past. It is impossible, and it is no exaggeration to say that the method of mounting the solar cell is the only method according to the present invention.

It can be said that this is a remarkable effect common not only to the marking but also to other uses. For example, in FIG.
Even in the case of the solar phone box shown in 53, if the solar cell panel of the roof is mounted at a tilt of 45 ° to the south, the significance should be understood. Above all, because the solar panel rises, the height of the box increases and the stability against the wind deteriorates.
All structural aspects will change, and the basic design will have to be increased. In addition, public telephone boxes also need to be integrated as an image.

Also, in the case of a solar aerial flowerbed as shown in FIG. 54, such a solar cell workpiece is a scenic object which requires beauty in installation and arrangement before it is a solar cell workpiece. Therefore, it is the main customer's fall to consider the direction of the solar cell as a priority, and therefore, there may be no effective means other than the method according to the present invention in which the solar cell follows the direction in which the flower is desired to be shown.

In the case of the "solar float purification system" shown in FIGS. 55 to 57, the effect of the present invention is as already mentioned in the description of the embodiment. That is, in the case of such a floating object, even if anchors or the like are attached to the four corners and moored, it is impossible to completely fix the horizontal rotation direction as the water depth becomes deeper. Therefore, only the method according to the present invention is effective. Is impossible.

The effect of the present invention is remarkable also in the case of the "solar flush toilet" shown in FIG. In this case, the effect is almost the same as in the case of the "solar telephone box", but it will be easy to understand if it is considered as an extreme case. In other words, it is difficult to design a roof in which solar panels of several kilowatts are mounted on the surface of a single piece of 45 degrees south. Further, for example, in a large park, public toilets are ubiquitous, but they are still integrated as an image, and the effect of the present invention is remarkable in that respect as well. Therefore, if you designed and manufactured a solar roof integrated with the roof of the building and built it so that the roof surface always faces the south as in the past, other park facilities such as sidewalks and open spaces Relationship with,
All the approaches and leads of the users will be ignored, and only the north, south, east, and west directions will be prioritized.

Next, the effect on diffusion will be described. Since the solar cell structure according to the present invention is released from the dependency on the installation point related to the sunshine condition, its design / manufacturing / installation becomes extremely easy, and the design / manufacturing with the probability and generality not depending on the individual installation point is provided. -Because it can be introduced, it will contribute to the spread and promotion of solar cell systems in fields that were virtually impossible until now. To explain this effect concretely, until now, the design and installation of a solar cell system had to begin until the sunshine conditions at a specific installation point were examined. However, in the solar cell workpiece according to the present invention, even if such a thing is not done, if the design time zone is set as the direct sunshine condition, and the scattered sunshine condition is set as a design value with a certain percentage. With that alone, the system can be designed and manufactured. At the time of installation, it is sufficient to check whether the sunshine conditions cover the range of design values.
The check may be performed by using the method described in the above-mentioned prior invention of the present inventor relating to the method of measuring the sunshine conditions and the like. The effect on the design is exactly what has been seen concretely in the description of the above-mentioned embodiment, and the type of the river name marker, that is, the type of the system can be easily arranged in such a large amount of the present invention. It is the effect itself. This effect is not limited to the river name sign, and the same effect can be exerted even with a 108-series road guide sign (although the example shows a slightly rougher classification). It's obvious.

The above-mentioned effect of popularization is not limited to the signs, and the solar telephone box is
The same applies to solar toilets. Especially in the case of solar toilets, the conventional solar cell installation method cannot reach the south by simply turning the installation / construction site and solar cell panel when the capacity reaches several kilowatts. In order to respond to both the user's convenience and the direction of the solar cell at the same time, the conventional method ends up with individually designing and manufacturing the solar toilet itself for each place, and it is not the "simple flush toilet" by solarization. It's gone. The present invention requires only one design, and the method according to the present invention would be the best way to popularize the simple flush toilet with solarized public toilet.

In order to popularize the solar cell work, the intention of the person who introduces it, that is, the intention of the owner and the person who designs it must be well matched. Until now, the solar cell system is a rather out-of-the-box game, and if you try to be the owner, you will not know unless you have an idea of what design will come up with that intention, Even if you design it, you will not know if you can design it if it suits the owner. However, in the solar cell type work piece according to the invention, such a thing is almost impossible. Already there is a model that is a common language that connects the owner and the designer, and the intention of the owner can be immediately translated into a model code, and the answer is prepared as to what kind of work will result. Also, regarding the direct sunshine conditions of the installation point and the scattered sunshine conditions of the solar roof, the matching conditions are simple and clear as described above, and the method of confirmation is also extremely simple and clear according to the prior invention of the present inventor. A cheap method is prepared.

The effect of the present invention, that is, the effect on the spread of solar cells is not limited to a small-scale workpiece. For example, recently, the law revision, administrative promotion measures, and above all, the cost reduction effect of the solar cell itself has been effective, and it is becoming possible to install the solar cell on the roof of the house to obtain electric power. , The shape of the roof is predetermined unless it is a new house intended for photovoltaic power generation. The roof of a single-family house in Japan, whether gable-shaped or parquet-shaped, has a gentle inclination angle in recent years, and many parts satisfy the conditions of the solar roof of the present invention if a certain part is taken. At present, it seems that the solar cell is mounted only on the roof surface facing (semi) south. However, according to the present invention, for example, an inclined roof surface selected by rotational symmetry can be used to select a solar cell. It is known in advance that if a battery is installed, a certain amount of power generation can be obtained regardless of the orientation of the building, that is, the roof surface, so it is easy for those who purchase it to quantitatively evaluate the expected power generation amount, and eventually it becomes popular. Would help.

In such a case, it is not always necessary to equip all roof surfaces with solar cells of equal capacity. For example, for the sake of simplicity, assume that the roof surface is a two-storied gable roof, and that the mountable amount of the solar power plant on the A side and the power generation amount are known, When it is decided to install some solar cells less than the surface, the capacity of the solar cells to be installed on the B side is calculated as the installed amount in the present invention, and the amount of power generated by the remaining solar cells on the A surface is added. If you do, you can calculate the total power generation.

Although the effects of the present invention are clear from the above, upon finishing the explanation of the present invention, the relation between the present invention and the preceding examples, especially the preceding examples of the inventor himself will be mentioned.

If only the rotationally symmetrical roof shape is used,
It is possible to devise from a purely sensory idea even without using the present invention, and most of the roofs of ordinary single-family homes not related to solar cells are rather such shapes, and Even if the roof is equipped with a solar cell, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 3-2
54614; Since the amount of power generation can be calculated by using the method described in "Method of measuring received light amount, method of measuring sunshine conditions and solar energy utilization system", installation is not required according to the present invention, that is, installed for direct solar radiation. Even if you do not know that there is no azimuth dependence, designing, manufacturing, and installing a solar cell workpiece with a rotationally symmetric roof shape can be done by setting the sunshine conditions at the installation point and the installation direction in advance. It is possible if you look it up.

In fact, in the solar cell workpiece installed by the present inventor, the basic design (that is, the basic shape and size of the roof, the amount of solar cells mounted / generated, the energy balance of the system is calculated) is performed. There is also a roof whose shape is rotationally symmetrical. A typical example is shown in FIG. 1 of the present inventor's prior application Japanese Patent Application No. 6-163373;
The Yodo River solar river name sign shown in Fig. 65, Fig. 66, Fig. 67, Fig. 68, and Fig. 6 as examples of the prior application.
The solar cell workpieces (solar signs) shown in FIG. 9 and shown in FIGS. 65 and 66 are then installed in the actual field. Also, as the most recent case,
There is also a Tone River solar river name sign that was designed by the present inventor, and was installed this year on the Saitama side of the iron bridge across the Tone River on the JR Utsunomiya Line (Tohoku Main Line).
This also has a gable-shaped, rotationally symmetric solar roof with an inclination angle of 15 degrees.

However, it is important to note that these prior cases do not disclose the content of the technical idea of the present invention, and
It is impossible to read it from there. In fact, looking at these precedent cases based on the basic design of the present inventor installed in the actual field, the amount of power generation will change depending on the installation direction in a solar roof with such a shape. Apart from the aesthetics of the above, most people advise that it is not preferable as a solar cell system, and the inventor himself thought that at first, and only after making a simulation calculation of how much it changes with the installation orientation. After a clear understanding of the operation of the present invention. Therefore, merely looking at the precedents as a form never leads to the present invention, and
It cannot be said that they are prior embodiments of the present invention, and therefore these preceding examples do not impair the novelty of the present invention.

As already mentioned in the description of the embodiments, the solar cell workpiece according to the present invention does not have any rotational symmetry on the outside (claim 1), or some rotational symmetry on the outside. Which has (Claim 2),
The continuous rotational symmetry higher than the rotational symmetry that appears on the outer shape (this is an integer value such as a 2-fold symmetry axis or a 3-fold symmetry axis at most) is acquired in terms of its performance. Invisible "symmetry hidden inside"
The origin of the name of the present invention is there.

That is, the technical idea of the internal symmetry of the present invention, which cannot be seen from the mere external symmetry, is clearly recognized together with its action based on the law of nature.
It is possible to design and supply a popular solar cell structure or structure free from the peculiarity of individual installation points, and eventually to adopt and install the solar cell structure or the construction.
Or the solar cell workpiece according to claim 2 (-
--- It should be designed and manufactured according to the design method), or the solar cell workpiece according to claim 3 (--and thus supplied, adopted, and installed according to its use condition or specification condition). It should be possible) to do such a thing.

It is the first time in the present invention to disclose the technical idea regarding the internal symmetry of such a solar cell workpiece, together with its action based on the law of nature, on the premise that it will be disclosed. It can be said that the application of the present invention has novelty and inventive step.

With respect to the effect of the present invention, referring to the second aspect of the invention, the effect of the present invention does not hold for any rotational speed symmetrical axis of rotation, but for the purpose of the invention, The point is not to increase rotational symmetry by increasing the number of roofs.

On the contrary, the original function and effect of the present invention are that the external symmetry has a low rotational symmetry, but in terms of the function, the internal symmetry symmetric with respect to continuous rotation is obtained. Yes, if you increase the rotational symmetry of the roof unnecessarily,
The effect of the present invention can be said to be diminished, because anyone can predict that the horizontal azimuth dependency will be reduced, although it is not obvious.

In an extreme case, if a conical solar roof is considered as the limit when the rotational symmetry is increased (as long as there is a conical solar panel), the same effect as the present invention is obtained. It is self-evident. Of course, such a case should not be included in the scope of the present invention, but it should be mentioned that the case of a conical roof poses another interesting problem in comparison.

In the case of a conical roof, it is obvious that the same integrated value can be obtained in any installation orientation in any sunshine hours, even if the entire solar roof surface is not exposed to the sun. . In the present invention, if the rotational symmetry about the vertical axis is raised, will a phenomenon similar to this conical shape eventually appear, or will it just converge in the case of a conical shape? Unfortunately, I have not prepared the answer right now, but this should be treated as a matter of a purely mathematical concern, which is different from the subject matter of the present invention. Increasing the rotational symmetry of the roof in order to obtain internal symmetry is not an inefficient way, but according to the present invention it is not necessary (apart from design and design requirements). That is why.

Therefore, for example, if it is usually requested to set a minimum of 2 hours as the design time zone in the winter solstice,
It may be considered that the range of the effect of the symmetry of the rotation axis of the solar roof in claim 2 of the present invention is limited to that of about 12-fold symmetry or less.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a drawing showing an example of a method of constructing a solar cell light-receiving surface in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a method of configuring a solar cell light-receiving surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a drawing showing an example of a method of constructing a solar cell light-receiving surface in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a drawing showing an example of a method of configuring a solar cell light-receiving surface in an example of the present invention.

5 is a drawing illustrating a projection vector and a coefficient value vector of a unit normal direction vector of the light receiving surface of the solar cell of FIG. 1 on a horizontal plane.

6 is a diagram illustrating a projection vector of a unit normal direction vector of the solar cell light-receiving surface of FIG. 2 onto a horizontal plane.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a coefficient value vector of the solar cell light receiving surface of FIG.

8 is a drawing showing an example of a horizontal installation orientation of the solar-electrical-light-receiving surface shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a view showing an example of a horizontal installation orientation of the solar-electrical-light-receiving surface shown in FIG.

10 is a drawing showing an example of a horizontal installation orientation of the solar cell light-receiving surface shown in FIG.

11 is a drawing showing an example of a horizontal installation orientation of the solar-electrical-light-receiving surface shown in FIG.

12 is a view showing an example of a horizontal installation orientation of the solar cell light-receiving surface shown in FIG.

13 is a view showing an example of a horizontal installation orientation of the solar cell light-receiving surface shown in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a time period of photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light-receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 15 degrees shown in FIG. 1 is placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 8 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. It is drawing which shows a transition.

FIG. 15 is a time period of photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 15 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 9 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. It is drawing which shows a transition.

16 is a plan view showing the solar cell light-receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 15 degrees shown in FIG. 1 placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG.
It is drawing which shows the time transition of the photovoltaic power generated when each has a rated output of 10 watts.

FIG. 17 is a time period of photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 20 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 8 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. It is drawing which shows a transition.

FIG. 18 is a time period of photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light-receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 20 degrees shown in FIG. 1 is placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 9 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. It is drawing which shows a transition.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a solar cell light receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 20 degrees shown in FIG. 1 placed in a horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG.
It is drawing which shows the time transition of the photovoltaic power generated when each has a rated output of 10 watts.

20 is a time chart of the photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 30 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 8 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. It is drawing which shows a transition.

FIG. 21 is a time period of photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 30 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 9 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. It is drawing which shows a transition.

22 is a plan view showing the solar cell light-receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 30 degrees shown in FIG. 1 placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG.
It is drawing which shows the time transition of the photovoltaic power generated when each has a rated output of 10 watts.

FIG. 23 is a photoelectromotive time generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 45 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 8 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. It is drawing which shows a transition.

FIG. 24 is a photovoltaic time generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 45 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 9 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. It is drawing which shows a transition.

FIG. 25 is a view showing that the solar cell light receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 45 degrees shown in FIG. 1 is placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG.
It is drawing which shows the time transition of the photovoltaic power generated when each has a rated output of 10 watts.

FIG. 26 is a sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 15 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 8 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. 5 is a diagram showing a time transition of an integrated value from FIG.

FIG. 27 is a sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 15 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 9 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. 5 is a diagram showing a time transition of an integrated value from FIG.

28 is a view showing the solar cell light-receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 15 degrees shown in FIG. 1 placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG.
It is drawing which shows the time transition of the integrated value from the sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when each has a rated output of 10 watts.

FIG. 29 is a sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 20 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 8 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. 5 is a diagram showing a time transition of an integrated value from FIG.

FIG. 30 is a sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 20 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 9 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. 5 is a diagram showing a time transition of an integrated value from FIG.

31 is a plan view showing the solar cell light-receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 20 degrees shown in FIG. 1 placed in the horizontal installation direction shown in FIG.
It is drawing which shows the time transition of the integrated value from the sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when each has a rated output of 10 watts.

32 is a sunrise of photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 30 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 8 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. 5 is a diagram showing a time transition of an integrated value from FIG.

FIG. 33 is a sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 30 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 9 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. 5 is a diagram showing a time transition of an integrated value from FIG.

FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the solar cell light-receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 30 degrees shown in FIG. 1 placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG.
It is drawing which shows the time transition of the integrated value from the sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when each has a rated output of 10 watts.

35 is a sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light-receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 45 degrees shown in FIG. 1 is placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 8 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. 5 is a diagram showing a time transition of an integrated value from FIG.

FIG. 36 is a sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 45 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 9 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. 5 is a diagram showing a time transition of an integrated value from FIG.

37 is a plan view showing the solar cell light receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 45 degrees shown in FIG. 1 placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG.
It is drawing which shows the time transition of the calculated value from the sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when each has a rated output of 10 watts.

38 is a sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light receiving surfaces having the same inclination angle of 5 degrees shown in FIG. 1 are placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 8 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. 5 is a diagram showing a time transition of an integrated value from FIG.

FIG. 39 is a sunrise of the photovoltaic power generated when the solar cell light-receiving surface having the same inclination angle of 10 degrees shown in FIG. 1 is placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIG. 8 and each has a rated output of 10 watts. 5 is a diagram showing a time transition of an integrated value from FIG.

40 is a plan view of the solar cell light receiving surface shown in FIG. 1 having an equal inclination angle of 20 degrees or less.
Three graphs showing the time transition of the integrated value of the photovoltaic power generated from the sunrise when placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in 0 were moved in parallel so that they intersect in the middle of the south. It is a schematic diagram which shows the characteristic in a case.

41 is generated when the solar cell light-receiving surface shown in FIG. 1 having the same tilt angle of 45 degrees is placed in the horizontal installation orientation shown in FIGS. 8, 9, and 10. FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the characteristic at the time of parallelly transposing so that three graphs which show the time transition of the integrated value of the photovoltaic power from sunrise may cross so that they may cross at the time of the south central time.

FIG. 42 is a drawing showing an example of the characteristics of the solar cell light-receiving surface in the example of the present invention.

FIG. 43 is a view showing an example of a main body of a solar river name marker which is one of embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is a drawing showing an example of a schematic view of a solar river name marker which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is a diagram showing an example of a system 108 solar road guide sign which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 46 is a view showing an example of a solar emergency telephone sign which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 47 is a view showing an example of a solar emergency telephone sign which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is a view showing an example of a solar emergency telephone sign which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 49 is a view showing an example of a solar emergency telephone sign which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 50 is a view showing an example of a solar emergency telephone sign which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 51 is a view showing an example of a solar main spot name sign which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 52 is a view showing an example of a solar telephone box which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 53 is a view showing an example of a solar telephone box which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 54 is a view showing an example of a solar watering system which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 55 is a drawing showing one example of a solar float purification system which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 56 is a drawing showing one example of a solar float purification system which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 57 is a drawing showing one example of a solar float purification system which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 58 is a drawing showing an example of a solar flush toilet which is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

[Description of sign]

1 solar roof 2 solar roof 3 solar roof 4 solar roof 42 solar roof 46 solar roof 47 solar roof 48 solar roof 49 solar roof 50 solar roof 51 solar roof 52 solar roof 53 solar roof 58 solar toilet 401 direct direct sunlight integrated curve 402 Integrated curve of direct solar power generation 403 Integrated curve of direct solar power generation 411 Integrated curve of direct solar power generation 412 Integrated curve of direct solar power generation 413 Integrated curve of direct solar power generation 430 Sign box 431 Display surface 432 Japanese character notation Part 433 Romaji notation part 434 Display frame 441 Support post 442 Support post 450 Sign box 451 Display surface 452 Post 460 Sign box 461 Display surface (daytime display format) 462 Night Luminous display format 470 Signage box 471 Display surface (daytime display format) 472 Nighttime light emission display format 480 Signage box 481 Display surface (daytime display format) 482 Nightlight emission display format 490 Signage box 491 Display surface (daytime display format) Format) 492 Night light emission display format 500 Sign box 501 Display surface (Daytime display format) 502 Night light display format 510 Sign box 511 Display surface 512 Display frame 514 Pillar 520 Solar phone box 521 Telephone mark display 522 Ventilation fan 523 Lighting 524 Telephone set 525 Secondary battery / control device storage box 530 Solar telephone box 531 Telephone mark display 532 Ventilation fan 533 Door 541 Support pipe that also serves as water pipe / distribution pipe 542 Planting pot (flower box) 543 Water injection port 545 Secondary battery・ Struts that are system control equipment storage 546 Water tank 548 Submersible pump storage box 551 Water tank that is an enclosure that also doubles as a solar roof 552 Floating body 553 Submersible pump storage box 554 Control equipment, air pump, secondary battery storage box, etc. 555 Water distribution pipe 556 Discharge port 557 Water distribution pipe or water distribution tube 558 Air suction pipe port 559 Air intake opening 561 Sealed water tank that is a box container also serving as a solar roof 562 Floating body 563 Storage box for control equipment, air pump, secondary battery, etc. 564 Water distribution pipe 565 Submersible pump storage mesh opening box 566 Air suction pipe 567 Water distribution pipe or water distribution tube 571 Insulated container also serving as a solar roof 572 Floating body 573 Control equipment, water absorption air mixer pump, secondary battery storage box 57 4 Water distribution (water absorption) pipe 575 Mesh opening box (dust prevention) 576 Air suction pipe 577 Discharge pipe or discharge tube 581 Rinse water storage tank 582 Toilet bowl 583 Purification tank 584 Treatment wastewater (medium water) storage tank 585 Control equipment / secondary battery Storage box 586 Air pump storage box 587 Suction / pumping pump storage box 588 Ventilation fan Z Vertical axis R1 Roof surface or light receiving surface R2 Roof surface or light receiving surface R3 Roof surface or light receiving surface R4 Roof surface or light receiving surface S1 Solar cell or solar cell light receiving Surface S2 Solar cell or solar cell light receiving surface V1 Light receiving surface unit normal direction vector V2 Light receiving surface unit normal direction vector V3 Light receiving surface unit normal direction vector V4 Light receiving surface unit normal direction vector α1 Light receiving surface unit Angle formed by the normal direction vector and the vertical axis Degree α2 Angle formed by the unit normal direction vector of the light-receiving surface with the vertical axis α3 Angle formed by the unit normal direction vector of the light-receiving surface with the vertical axis α4 Angle formed by the unit normal direction vector of the light-receiving surface with the vertical axis X On the horizontal plane X-axis direction Y Y-axis direction on the horizontal plane V1h Horizontal projection vector of unit normal direction vector V1 V2h Horizontal projection vector of unit normal direction vector V2 V3h Horizontal projection vector of unit normal direction vector V3 L n = 2 In this case, the vector a and b are stretched 1
Dimensional subspace l Line segment where vector ε exists ε Coefficient value vector ε1 One coordinate axis in three-dimensional coefficient value space ε2 One coordinate axis in three-dimensional coefficient value space ε3 One in three-dimensional coefficient value space Coordinate axes a Vector π Two-dimensional orthogonal complementary space of vector a (plane) l1 Intersection of plane π and ε1-ε2 plane l2 Intersection of plane π and ε2-ε3 plane ▲ South central time △ South central time D1 Water supply port D2 Water supply pipe F Power distribution pipe F1 Solar power distribution line F2 Solenoid valve / sensor power distribution line F3 Ventilation fan power distribution line F5 Electromagnetic valve power distribution line F6 Water level detection line U Water distribution pipe (Chup) U1 Wash water distribution pipe U2 Septic tank treated waste water distribution Water pipe U3 Water suction pipe U4 Pumping pipe U5 Water supply pipe W Aeration discharge pipe J Human body detection sensor q1 Electromagnetic flight q2 Electromagnetic flight (A) Front view (B) Side view

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. The positional relationship between the projection vectors of the unit normal vector of each light receiving surface on the horizontal plane is such that when the projection horizontal plane is divided into two half planes by an arbitrary straight line passing through the origin, The spatial position relation of the light-receiving surface of the solar cell configured so that it always exists on both half-planes or on the straight line with the origin separated, and the unit normal direction vector of each light-receiving surface indicates the sun. The vector obtained by synthesizing the vector which multiplied the capacity ratio of the rated output of the battery as a coefficient is
It has a solar cell light-receiving surface that is formed with a capacity ratio that overlaps the vertical axis, and sets an appropriate season day or history date or history date as the design date, and then direct solar radiation on each design date. The sum of the calculated power generation amount and the scattered solar radiation power generation amount is defined as the design power generation amount on the design season day, and the direct solar power generation amount in the design power generation amount is a) Regardless of the above, all the light-receiving surfaces are exposed to direct sunlight at the same time, or b) a time zone included in the total sunshine hours, or b) in any horizontal installation orientation, all the light-receiving surfaces are exposed. At the same time, set the time zone included in the total sunshine time zone where direct sunlight hits, as the design time zone for each design season day, and integrate or integrate the amount of power generated by direct solar radiation in the design time zone. Use the calculated value as the design power generation amount Or the design calculation value of the direct solar power generation amount, or when the time zone included in the above-mentioned full-day sunshine time zone cannot be set as the design time zone, The integrated value or integrated value of the amount of power generated by direct solar radiation in the design time zone, which is calculated on the assumption, or d) the integrated value or integrated value of the amount of power generated by direct solar radiation in the design time zone, A solar cell workpiece or a building, wherein a minimum value in a horizontal installation direction of the light receiving surface is used as a design calculation value of direct solar power generation amount occupying in design power generation amount. 2. A light receiving surface formed by different inclined surfaces or a part thereof which are symmetrical to each other with respect to rotation about a vertical axis of 180 degrees or less, or a light receiving surface obtained by moving a part thereof in parallel. The solar cell workpiece or building according to claim 1, wherein is formed by a light receiving surface of a solar cell or a solar cell array having substantially equal rated output photovoltaic power. 3. The solar cell workpiece or structure is
When indicating the installation or operating conditions of the installation point or operating point in use or specifications, in direct sunlight conditions, scatter the design time zone at the installation point or operating point on the design season day. In the sunshine condition, the light receiving surface shows the ratio of the amount of scattered light that can be ingested from the sky at that point to the amount of scattered light that can be ingested by an unobstructed horizontal surface. The solar cell workpiece or building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that. 4. The solar cell workpiece or structure is
A solar roof mounted with a solar field or a solar cell array forming the light-receiving surface, a secondary battery for storing daytime photovoltaic power generated by the solar cell, a display plate with various displays, and an EL (Electroluminescence) light emitting plate or LED (light emitting diode) or cold cathode tube or a light source in which any of these light emitters are combined,
A lighting device for lighting the light source, a charging controller for controlling charging of a photovoltaic cell generated by a solar cell to a secondary battery, and an overdischarge prevention mechanism for preventing overdischarge of the secondary battery. , Having a discharge controller for supplying and controlling the power for lighting the light source from the secondary battery at night, and using the power stored in the secondary battery for daytime photovoltaic power, the light source at night The solar cell structure or building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is a solar sign object for giving night visibility to the display by illuminating. 5. The solar cell workpiece or structure is
A solar battery or a secondary battery for accommodating photovoltaic power, in which a solar cell or a solar cell array that forms the light-receiving surface is mounted on the roof part of a telephone box for housing a telephone Control device that controls the charging of the secondary battery from the battery, an over-discharge prevention mechanism to prevent over-discharge of the secondary battery, a ventilation fan to ventilate the internal air, and a telephone mark that emits light at night with the light source Display, and has a hand lighting by the light source as a hand light for the call user, at least the power of the power consumption of the telephone mark display and the hand lighting of the hand lighting of the light source, the photovoltaic power to the secondary battery The solar phone box is provided with a power control mechanism that is covered by the stored power and the power of the ventilation fan is covered by the surplus photovoltaic power of the solar cell only when the secondary battery is in the overcharged state. Solar cell workpieces or building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein. 6. The solar cell workpiece or structure is
A solar roof equipped with a solar cell or a solar cell array forming the light-receiving surface, a submersible pump or a water absorption pump for absorbing water from a water source, and an arrangement for irrigating water absorbed by the submersible pump or the water absorption pump. A water pipe and / or water distribution tube, a storage unit that stores a secondary battery that stores the photovoltaic power obtained by the solar cell or the solar cell array, and a charging controller that controls charging of power from the solar cell to the secondary battery And an over-discharge prevention mechanism for preventing over-discharge of the secondary battery, and the submersible pump for a preset time at sunset or dawn, or at sunset and dawn by detecting the optical power of the solar cell. 4. A solar automatic irrigation system for irrigating the water of the water source by supplying electric power from a secondary power source to Solar cells workpiece or building according to any deviation. 7. The solar cell workpiece is configured such that a floating body such as a buoy or a floating body or a floating body that can be floated on the surface of water is covered with a solar roof that has a solar cell or a solar cell array forming the light receiving surface. There is a water quality purification process in which water pumped up by a submersible pump or a water absorption pump attached to the floating body is mixed with aeration or air on the floating body and then returned to water through a drain pipe or a drainage tube.
Equipped with a solar aeration water quality purification system that uses the photovoltaic power provided by the solar cells mounted on the solar roof for the cover to supply power for intake and drainage that pumps water from the water and recirculates, and power for aeration or mixing of air The solar cell workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the solar cell workpiece is a solar cell workpiece. 8. The solar cell workpiece or structure is
It has a solar roof on which a solar cell or a solar cell array forming the light receiving surface is mounted, and a photovoltaic power obtained by the solar cell or the solar cell array or the photovoltaic power is stored in a secondary battery. A solar toilet that uses power to supply power for aeration of a septic tank, power for circulating water for flushing, and other night lighting, night illuminated toilet display, auxiliary power such as a ventilation fan, and the like. 3. The solar cell workpiece or building according to any one of 3 above.