JPH09146452A - Blood pressure measurement simulator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a learner to freely generate a phenomenon for himself/ herself, and develop a way of thinking through his/her own action by including a pulsation generation means and a measuring part pipe. SOLUTION: Water is poured into a vessel 1 and a pulsating flow is generated in a pipe under the operation of a manual pump 8 with a nonreturn valve. The point P of a transparent measuring part pipe 9 is pressed by fingers, while a stethoscope 20 is being used to listen to a sound. Furthermore, after the stoppage of a water flow downstream of the point P is visually confirmed, the finger pressing force is gradually lessened. As a result, an impulse wave occurs, when a water flow resumes downstream of the point P, and a sound due to the impulse wave is heard with the stethoscope 20. In this case, the strength of external pressure at the time of the occurrence of the sound corresponds to maximum blood pressure. When the finger pressing force is further lessened, the impulse wave so far generated intermittently is no more generated, and no sound can be heard with the stethoscope 20. The strength of external pressure at this time corresponds to minimum blood pressure.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

The present invention relates to a blood pressure measurement simulator, and more particularly to a blood pressure measurement simulator for learning the principle of measuring blood pressure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is no blood pressure measurement simulator for learning such a blood pressure measurement principle. For example, when training a blood pressure measurement in a nurse training school, the principle of the blood pressure measurement is learned by a teacher or a lecturer. In general, students take the method of measuring blood pressure by measuring blood pressure with an actual sphygmomanometer. However, even though the method of measuring blood pressure was learned, the blood pressure and the principle of blood pressure measurement could not be easily understood, and there was a problem in dealing with an actual patient later.

[0003]

The learning simulator for grasping the principle of things is not merely for observing fixed phenomena, but for the independent action of learners' ideas, predictions and plans. It must encourage and respond to it. It is because we think that we should aim not to know the principles that have already been discovered and arranged, but to grasp the process of thinking.
In order to achieve this purpose, the present invention eliminates the idea of automatically and automatically generating a certain phenomenon and observing it, so that the learner can freely generate the phenomenon by himself, The challenge is to provide a learning blood pressure measurement simulator as a place to advance thinking through one's own actions.

That is, the purpose of learning using the learning blood pressure measurement simulator is (1) to grasp the image of the circulatory system, (2) to grasp what the blood pressure is, and (3) to contract the heart. The purpose of the present invention is to capture the relationship between expansion and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and (4) to capture the principle of blood pressure measurement. It is constructed by extracting the minimum necessary elements to be satisfied.

Here, it is necessary to first consider the principle of blood pressure measurement. This will be described with reference to FIG. Blood pressure measurement is a method of measuring the internal pressure of an arterial blood vessel by measuring the external pressure applied to the arterial blood vessel. That is, the blood flow in the arterial blood vessel is a pulsating flow accompanying the pumping action of the heart, and the blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing the inner wall of the arterial blood vessel. In FIG. 1, A is a curve representing a temporal change of external pressure applied from the outside to the arterial blood pressure measurement point, and B is a pulsation caused by contraction-expansion of the heart, that is, a pulse in the arterial blood vessel when the external pressure A is not applied. It is a curve showing the time change of pressure. At time t ₀ , the external pressure A having an external pressure value P ₀ to such an extent that the blood flow in the arterial blood vessel is stopped is applied, and the external pressure value P ₀ is gradually decreased with time. At time t _1, i.e. the blood flow in the vessel begins when the external pressure value P ₀ exceeds the pressure value of the pulsation B down to P _1, this time occurs turbulence shock wave of the blood, the sound is generated . Blood flow continues until t _2, but where the pressure value of the pulsation B is lower than the external pressure 2, blood flow is stopped again by external pressure. The intermittent condition _is repeated until _{t 13.} That is, the period _t 2 -t ₃ in stops, in the period _t 3 -t ₄ flow was stopped during the period _t 4 -t _5, the period _t 5 -t At ₆ flow, stopped in the period _t 6 -t _7, In the period _t 7 -t ₈ flow, stopped in the period _t 8 -t _9, the period _t 9 the _{-t 10} flow stops in the period _t 10 _{-t 11,} the period _t 11 -t
_{At 12} , it flows, and stops during the period t ₁₂ -t ₁₃ . Therefore, the sound of the shock wave is generated at the time points t ₁ , t ₃ , t ₅ t ₇ , t ₉ , t.
It occurs at ₁₁ and t ₁₃ . First referred to as systolic value P ₁ of the external pressure A at the time t ₁ that generated shock wave sound, called the value P ₂ of the external pressure A at the time t ₁₄ which lost the sound and diastolic blood pressure in this way.

Therefore, in order to understand blood pressure measurement, that is, why an internal blood pressure can be measured by measuring an external pressure, it is necessary for a learner to understand the following. (1) The blood flow is a pulsating flow. (2) Blood pressure is the force by which blood presses the inner wall of a blood vessel, which is highest when the heart contracts and is lowest when diastolic. (3) The blood flow is interrupted by applying external pressure,
Shock waves occur in blood vessels at the beginning of flow, and sound is generated by the vibration at that time. (4) The state of occlusion and opening of a blood vessel that causes intermittent blood flow is caused by the force relationship between the internal pressure of the blood vessel and the external pressure applied to the blood vessel.

Therefore, it is another object of the present invention to provide a learning blood pressure measurement simulator that allows a learner to grasp the above-mentioned matters.

[0008]

According to the present invention, there is provided, in accordance with the present invention, a container having holes formed therein for connecting pipes on a side surface and a bottom surface, and the holes formed on the side surface and a bottom surface of the container. First and second connection pipes each having one end detachably connected thereto, pulsation generating means having one end detachably connected to the other end of the second connection pipe, and the other end of the pulsation generation means And a measurement site pipe detachably connected between the first connection pipe and the other end of the first connection pipe.

In the blood pressure measurement simulator, preferably, the container, the first and second connection pipes, and the measurement site pipe are each formed of a transparent material.

In the above blood pressure measurement simulator,
Preferably, the measurement site pipes are each formed of a transparent material.

[0011] In the blood pressure measurement simulator,
Preferably, the pulsation generating means is a manual pump with a check valve.

In the above blood pressure measurement simulator,
Preferably, a plurality of different pipes for the measurement site are prepared, and one of them can be freely selected and used.

[0013] In the blood pressure measurement simulator,
Preferably, a hole is provided at a central portion, and the second
It further comprises a container base which is connectable to the container and can be mounted on the container.

In the blood pressure measurement simulator,
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a manual pressurizing means or a pillow-like means for fixing a fixed length of the pipe for the measurement site in a space, or for fixing and placing the pipe on the space.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a blood pressure measurement simulator according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a preferred embodiment of the blood pressure measurement simulator according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a container, 2 is a container base for placing the container, 3 is a first pipe removably connected at one end to a hole 4 formed on the side surface of the container 1, and 5 is a container at one end. A second pipe 8 detachably connected to a hole 7 formed in the bottom of the container 1 through a hole 6 formed in the center of the upper plate of the table 2, and one end of the second pipe 8 is detachably connected to the other end of the pipe 5. The inserted manual pump 9 having a check valve, which is a pulsation generating means, is a pipe for a measuring part whose both ends are detachably connected to the other end of the pipe 3 and the other end of the manual pump 9, respectively. The container 1, the container base 2, the first and second pipes 3, 5, and the pipe 9 for the measurement site are all made of a transparent material, for example, silicone resin, polyvinyl, except for an ultra-thin soft pipe described later. It is made of resin or nylon resin. Reference numeral 10 denotes a joint for connecting pipes.

The reason why the transparent pipe is used is to make it possible to visually observe the phenomenon occurring in the blood vessel (ie, inside the pipe) when measuring the blood pressure. The pulsating flow of water created by the manual pump 8 passes through the pipe,
When an external pressure is applied to the pipe 9 for measuring part, the external pressure is lower than the maximum value of the internal pressure and is higher than the minimum value of the internal pressure. Occurs. This state is the same as that described with reference to FIG. In this state, if a suspended substance is mixed in water, it flows through a transparent pipe and its movement is observed, and its movement can be visually observed. Stethoscope 20
When listening using (FIG. 2), the cause of the sound generation can be clearly grasped. The pipe needs to be made so that the distance from the pump to the part to be pressurized and measured is not too long. If the distance is too far, the pressure of the water flow decreases, and the sound generation state deteriorates. Preferably, the measurement site is within 60-70 cm of the pump.

FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6 show in detail the container 1, the container base 2, the pipes 9 for various measuring parts, and the manual pump 8 with a check valve which is a pulsation generating means. It is a perspective view.

The container 1 shown in FIG. 3 is a member for putting a liquid such as water (hereinafter simply referred to as "water") to be simulated into blood, and has holes 4 and 7 at the side and bottom, respectively, as shown in the figure. One end of each of the pipes 3 and 5 is formed and connected to the container 1 via a suitable sealing member such as a rubber bush. The reason for providing the hole 7 on the connection side of the pipe 5, that is, the connection side of the manual pump at the bottom of the container 1 is as follows.
By doing so, the water pressure in the container 1 can be used when sending water, and the operation of the pump becomes easy,
In addition, the suspended matter to be put into the water in the container at the time of the experiment is pipe 5
It is because it is easy to flow toward. Incidentally, the arrow shown in FIG. 3 indicates the direction in which water flows during the experiment. The container 1 is preferably transparent and is made of a material such as, for example, a polyethylene resin or a polypropylene resin.

The container table 2 shown in FIG. 4 is for mounting the container 1, and the water pressure in the container 1 is increased by mounting the container 1 on the container table 2. A hole 6 is drilled at the top of the container base 2, and the hole 6 is
And the end of the pipe 5 to be connected to the hole 7 is inserted therethrough. The upper part of the container base 2 is the container 1
There is a step 6A in the shape and size corresponding to the lower part of
The container 1 is fixed, and a cutout 6B for passing a pipe is provided on one side, so that the container 1 can be placed on the container base 2 while the pipe 5 is connected. . The material of the container base 2 may be any material.

FIG. 5 shows various modifications of the pipe 9 for the measuring part. FIGS. 5A and 5B show examples of a forked pipe, and FIGS. 5C, 5D, and 5E show examples of a single pipe. The experiment using a bifurcated pipe has the following meaning. In other words, if there is only one pipe at the measurement site, when this portion is pressurized, the resistance to the flow of water increases, and a very large force is required to push the manual pump. Eventually, the pump will be in a state where it cannot be moved, and may be in a state different from the condition of the blood pressure measurement. (Intermittent pulsation is not due to a change in heart movement.) By bifurcating the pipe at this measurement site, even if pressure is applied to one of the bifurcations, water escapes to the other of the bifurcations. The flow of air is hardly affected, and the pulsating flow can be continuously generated by the manual pump.

Further, the hardness of the pipe 9 for the measuring part also becomes a problem. In other words, the pipe 9 for the measurement site has such a thickness and softness that the flow inside can be completely stopped by the force of a human finger. But if it ’s too soft,
It is easy to adjust the applied pressure, but the sound is hard to hear because the shock wave is weak. The harder the sound, the harder the pipe, the stronger the shock wave when the pulsating flow hits the pipe wall, and the better the sound is generated, but the more difficult it is to adjust the pressure applied from outside, and the harder it is to catch the change in the sound.

That is, by changing the pressure applied from the outside to the pipe 9 for the measurement site, from the stage where the flow is stopped, the external pressure is slightly lower than the internal pressure and the pulsating flow is generated at the first time, and the sound is generated. It is necessary to gradually reduce the external pressure, catch the change at the time when the internal pressure exceeds the external pressure, the interruption of the flow disappears, and the sound is no longer generated.

For this purpose, a soft pipe having a range of pressure adjustment and a condition of generating a sound that can be heard sufficiently is used as the pipe 9 for the measurement site. The pipe may be made of silicone resin or nylon resin as described above. An ultra-thin soft pipe is also prepared for the pipe 9 for the measurement site. Suitable are those made of natural rubber or extremely soft silicone resin. This is not suitable for listening to sound, but it can make the learner feel the pulse pressure in human blood vessels, and the feeling of water flowing through the pipe touched the human pulse It can be made to feel almost the same as the feeling of time. Further, when a strong pressure is applied to this pipe, the pipe can be made to bulge like a balloon, and a simulation can be performed when a high pressure is applied to a weak blood vessel. For learning purposes, this simulator is mainly used in the very early stages of learning blood pressure measurement, but it has important implications in that it impresses the learner by reproducing things in the body and makes them interested in blood pressure. It has.

In practice, it is desirable to prepare the following five types of replacement pipes as the pipe 9 for the measurement site. (1) Bifurcated soft pipe (2) Bifurcated ultrathin soft pipe (3) Single soft short pipe (4) Single soft long pipe (5) Single ultrasoft pipe If you experiment by changing the pipes prepared as above,
It is possible to compare differences in sound generation status, differences in sound quality, etc. due to differences in pipes. This is due to the nature of the blood vessels
This is a simulation of how the blood pressure changes and affects the sound quality at the time of measurement, and how the blood pressure changes depending on the measurement position.

FIG. 6 shows a manual pump 8 with a check valve which is a pulsation generating means. 11 is a check valve.
The reason for using the manual pump 8 is as follows. That is, the learner manually contracts and expands the pump 8 by comparing the contraction and expansion of the pump 8 (simulating the heart) with the phenomenon occurring in the pipe 9 (simulating a blood vessel). It is to be able to clearly recognize through their own actions. If such a manual pump 8 is used, the contraction and expansion rhythms can be freely changed, the observation timing can be easily adjusted, and the causal relationship with the phenomenon can be easily grasped.

Learning by the blood pressure measurement simulator of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 is performed as follows. First, each component is assembled as shown in FIG. Next, water is put into the container 1.
Next, the manual pump 8 with the check valve is operated to fill all the pipes with water, and a pulsating flow is generated in the pipes while the manual pump 8 is operated. While listening to the sound with the stethoscope 20, the finger presses the point P of the pipe 9 for the measurement site.
It is visually observed that the water flow has stopped downstream of the point P, and the pressure is further increased slightly, and then the pressure by the finger is gradually released. When the water flow resumes downstream of point P, a shock wave is generated and the stethoscope 20 should be able to hear the sound generated by the shock wave. The learner is allowed to experience and understand that the strength of the external pressure at the time when this sound is generated corresponds to the systolic blood pressure. Next, if the pressure by the finger is further reduced, the intermittently generated shock wave will no longer occur,
The stethoscope 20 cannot hear any sound. The learner is allowed to experience and understand that the intensity of the external pressure at this point corresponds to the diastolic blood pressure. In the above experiment, the measurement site pipes 9 are exchanged variously, and the situation is compared with the learner and examined. Also, by mixing suspended matter in the water and observing the movement of the water in the pipe, it is possible to grasp what is happening there.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the graduated pressurizing device 12 which is a manual pressurizing means. As described above, the measurement region pipe 9 may be pressed by the learner with his / her own hand,
Pressurization may be performed using a pressurizing device as illustrated. In the figure, 13 is a fixed base, 14 is a handle, 15 is a movable holding plate, 16 is a fixed holding plate, 17 is a scale plate, and 18 is felt. That is, instead of manually pressing the pipe 9 for the measurement site, the vicinity of the point P of the pipe 9 for the measurement site is sandwiched between the fixed holding plate 16 and the movable holding plate 15, and the pressure is adjusted by the handle 14. Has become. The movable presser plate 15 has a groove on its lower side, straddles the scale plate 17, and can move on the scale plate 17 according to the rotation of the handle 14. This is to prevent the movable holding plate 15 from wobbling when moving.

Further, when the pressurizing device 12 is used, the pipe is floated in a space of a constant length, so that noises caused by various works around the learning point, for example, the sound of pump operation, etc. are measured. This has the effect of preventing transmission to the measurement point of the pipe 9 and making it easier to hear the sound due to the shock wave generated immediately downstream of the pressurization point of the measurement site pipe 9. Also, by using this pressurizing device, it is not necessary to pressurize with a finger, and the learner can hear the sound only by operating the pump and operating the stethoscope, and can learn alone.

Further, when a noise transmission prevention pillow as shown in FIG. 8 is used as the noise prevention means, the noise is absorbed and the shock wave sound becomes more audible. This pillow has a thickness T of about 3 cm and a length L such that a bifurcated pipe can be placed thereon, for example, 15 cm or more, as shown in FIG. This pillow may be made by wrapping cotton in a cloth bag. It is convenient to use two pillows as one set as shown in FIG.

[0030]

[Effect of the Invention] The ability to independently act on a subject (mainly a patient) is very important for nurses and other persons engaged in medical care, and nurture it through all learning activities. It is necessary to go. As described above, the blood pressure measurement simulator according to the present invention enables the components of the simulator to be partially exchangeable so as to be able to change the conditions of experiments and observations in order to respond to the idea and plan of the learner. Various replacement parts were prepared for the measuring part pipe. In addition, even when the learner's ideas cannot be satisfied with only the prepared ones, the connection method of the replacement part has been simplified so that the learner can easily create a replacement part of the part by himself / herself. With this configuration, by using the learning simulator according to the present invention to allow the learner to perform independent learning such as idea, planning, and realization, it can be expected that the independent behavioral attitude is nurtured. What has been done is the realization of the theory of neurobehavioral theory, which is realized as a brain circuit.

More specifically, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. That is, by combining and combining a manual pump, a transparent container, a transparent pipe, and a joint, a circulatory system of the heart → blood vessel and the heart ← blood vessel is simulated, and the shock wave inside the blood vessel due to intermittent blood flow during blood pressure measurement. The state of occurrence and Korotkoff sound can be manually created in a simulated manner and observed visually and audibly, and a part of the pipe has different shapes and properties (softness, elasticity) through a joint. By exchanging, it is possible to change the conditions of the pressure in the pipe, etc., to make comparative observations, to visually grasp the circulatory system, and also to make the pulse pressure in the blood vessel caused by the pulsation of the heart. Image can be visually and tactilely captured.

The blood pressure measurement method utilizes the sound generated by a shock wave at the time of interruption of blood flow by applying external pressure to the blood vessel. The most important considerations in creating a simulator are the intermittent flow of blood, the generation of turbulence due to shock waves, and the generation of sound due to this.
That is, let the ear catch it directly. Therefore, it is provided that no electronic device such as a computer including a microphone, a speaker, and a device for which information is to be processed is used. Further, the pipe imitating a blood vessel was bifurcated at the measurement site, and the condition was that the condition of the basic transmission of force from the heart to the blood vessel was not changed. In order to satisfy these conditions, a pressure device, a noise prevention pillow, and the like were devised, and conditions for the softness, material, length, and thickness of the pipe were devised.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of blood pressure measurement.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an entire configuration of one embodiment of a blood pressure measurement simulator of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a container which is a component of the blood pressure measurement simulator of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a container base which is a component of the blood pressure measurement simulator of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a replacement member for a pipe for a measurement site, which is a component of the blood pressure measurement simulator of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a manual pump with a check valve, which is one component of the blood pressure measurement simulator of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a graduated pressurizing device that is convenient for use in the blood pressure measurement simulator of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a state of use of a noise-prevention pillow convenient for use in the blood pressure measurement simulator of the present invention.

[Explanation of Codes] 1 container 2 container base 3 first pipe 4 hole 5 second pipe 6 hole 7 hole 8 manual pump with backflow prevention valve (pulsation generating means) 9 pipe for measurement site 12 manual pressurizing device

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A container having a pipe connection hole formed on a side surface and a bottom surface, and first and second connection pipes having one end detachably connected to the hole formed on the side surface and the bottom surface of the container. Pulsation generating means having one end detachably connected to the other end of the second connection pipe; and a pulsation generation means detachably connected between the other end of the pulsation generation means and the other end of the first connection pipe. A blood pressure measurement simulator including a connected pipe for a measurement site. 2. The blood pressure measurement simulator according to claim 1, wherein the container, the first and second connection pipes, and the measurement site pipe are each formed of a transparent material. 3. The blood pressure measurement simulator according to claim 1, wherein said pulsation generating means is a manual pump with a check valve. 4. A pipe according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of different pipes for the measuring part are prepared, and one of them can be freely selected and used.
4. The blood pressure measurement simulator according to 2 or 3. 5. A method according to claim 5, wherein said second portion has a hole in a central portion thereof and said second portion passes through said hole.
The blood pressure measurement simulator according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, further comprising a container table that enables connection of said pipe to said container so that said container can be placed thereon. . 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a manual pressurizing unit for fixing and pressurizing a fixed length of the pipe for the measuring part by floating it in a space.
The blood pressure measurement simulator as described. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a pillow-shaped means for placing a predetermined length of said pipe for measurement site in a space and placing said pipe on said space to pressurize said pipe. The blood pressure measurement simulator as described.