JPH09133870A - Confocal optical scanner - Google Patents

Confocal optical scanner

Info

Publication number
JPH09133870A
JPH09133870A JP29228095A JP29228095A JPH09133870A JP H09133870 A JPH09133870 A JP H09133870A JP 29228095 A JP29228095 A JP 29228095A JP 29228095 A JP29228095 A JP 29228095A JP H09133870 A JPH09133870 A JP H09133870A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
disk
pinhole
condensing
microlens
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP29228095A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3159006B2 (en
Inventor
Yumiko Sugiyama
由美子 杉山
Takeo Tanaami
健雄 田名網
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yokogawa Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Yokogawa Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yokogawa Electric Corp filed Critical Yokogawa Electric Corp
Priority to JP29228095A priority Critical patent/JP3159006B2/en
Publication of JPH09133870A publication Critical patent/JPH09133870A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3159006B2 publication Critical patent/JP3159006B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00Microscopes
    • G02B21/0004Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
    • G02B21/002Scanning microscopes
    • G02B21/0024Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
    • G02B21/0036Scanning details, e.g. scanning stages
    • G02B21/0044Scanning details, e.g. scanning stages moving apertures, e.g. Nipkow disks, rotating lens arrays

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase a resolution without varying the magnification of an image by specifying the constitution of a 2nd light convergence disk arranged between a fine aperture and an objective. SOLUTION: This scanner is equipped with the 2nd light convergence disk 40 which have microlenses ML2 formed in the same pattern as the arrangement of fine apertures of a pinhole disk 111. Then incident light is stopped down to a pinhole of the pinhole disk 111 by a microlens ML1 of a 1st light convergence disk 112 and the light which is passed through the pinhole is imaged by a microlens ML2 of the 2nd light convergence disk 40 at a focus position (intermediate image plane) behind the objective 20. In this case, the microlens ML2 serves as a relay system which equalizes the numerical aperture(NA) of the microlens ML1 to the rear-side NA of the objective 20. The incident light is converged on a sample 30 with the NA of the objective 20. Return light from the sample passes through the same optical path and is stopped down right to the diameter of the pinhole pH on an in-focus plane to enter the pinhole.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、共焦点顕微鏡などに用
いるピンホール基板を走査する共焦点光スキャナにおけ
る分解能向上のための光学系の改善に関するものであ
る。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of an optical system for improving resolution in a confocal optical scanner for scanning a pinhole substrate used in a confocal microscope or the like.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】共焦点顕微鏡に用いられる光スキャナで
あって、複数の微小開口(例えばピンホール)を有する
基板(以下ピンホールディスクという)が回転可能に組
み込まれた光スキャナについては、例えば米国特許第
3,926,500号や、米国特許第4,927,25
4号、米国特許第5,067,805号等に開示されて
いる。
2. Description of the Related Art An optical scanner used in a confocal microscope, in which a substrate (hereinafter referred to as a pinhole disk) having a plurality of minute apertures (eg, pinholes) is rotatably incorporated, is described in, for example, US Patent 3,926,500 and US Pat. No. 4,927,25
4, U.S. Pat. No. 5,067,805 and the like.

【0003】また、更にこの種の光スキャナに集光手段
(例えばマイクロレンズ)を付加した光スキャナについ
ては、例えば本願出願人による特許出願である特願平4
−15411号(特開平5−60980号)「共焦点用
光スキャナ」に開示されており、図4にこの種の共焦点
光スキャナを用いた共焦点顕微鏡の基本部分の原理構成
図を示す。
An optical scanner in which a condensing means (for example, a microlens) is further added to this type of optical scanner is, for example, a patent application filed by the applicant of the present application, Japanese Patent Application No.
No. 15411 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-60980), "Optical Scanner for Confocal Focus", and FIG. 4 shows a principle configuration diagram of a basic part of a confocal microscope using this type of confocal optical scanner.

【0004】図4において、光スキャナ10は、ディス
クユニット11と、分岐光学系としてのビームスプリッ
タ12と、ディスクユニット11を一定速度で回転する
回転手段(モータ等)13より構成されている。ディス
クユニット11は、複数のピンホールPHが配設された
ピンホールディスク111と複数のマイクロレンズML
1が形成された集光ディスク112から構成されてい
る。なお、ピンホールディスク111と集光ディスク1
12は、マイクロレンズの焦点位置にそれぞれピンホー
ルが配置されるように連結手段(例えばドラム:図示せ
ず)により連結されている。
In FIG. 4, an optical scanner 10 comprises a disk unit 11, a beam splitter 12 as a branching optical system, and a rotating means (motor or the like) 13 for rotating the disk unit 11 at a constant speed. The disk unit 11 includes a pinhole disk 111 having a plurality of pinholes PH and a plurality of microlenses ML.
1 is formed from the condensing disk 112. The pinhole disc 111 and the condensing disc 1
12 are connected by connecting means (for example, a drum: not shown) so that pinholes are arranged at the focal positions of the microlenses.

【0005】ビームスプリッタ12は、図示しない手段
により集光ディスク112とピンホールディスク111
の間に保持されている。このような構成において入射光
はマイクロレンズML1で絞られピンホールPHを通
り、対物レンズ20で集束され試料30に照射される。
試料30からの戻り光は再び対物レンズ20を通り、光
スキャナ10のピンホールPH上に集束し、ここに試料
表面の実像が得られる。ピンホールPHを通過した光は
ビームスプリッタ12で反射し図示しない集光レンズを
通り、カメラ(図示せず)に入る。モータ13を駆動し
てディスクユニット11を回転させることにより、試料
30の表面が光走査され、試料表面を画像としてカメラ
で観ることができる。
The beam splitter 12 includes a condensing disk 112 and a pinhole disk 111 by means not shown.
Held between. In such a configuration, the incident light is focused by the microlens ML1, passes through the pinhole PH, is focused by the objective lens 20, and is irradiated onto the sample 30.
The return light from the sample 30 passes through the objective lens 20 again and is focused on the pinhole PH of the optical scanner 10, where a real image of the sample surface is obtained. The light passing through the pinhole PH is reflected by the beam splitter 12, passes through a condenser lens (not shown), and enters a camera (not shown). By driving the motor 13 to rotate the disk unit 11, the surface of the sample 30 is optically scanned and the sample surface can be viewed as an image with a camera.

【0006】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、このような
構成の共焦点顕微鏡では、マイクロレンズML1による
開口数(NA)と対物レンズによる後ろ側NAは必ずし
も一致していない。マイクロレンズML1によるNAの
方が小さい(図示のようにマイクロレンズML1の開き
角a゜が対物レンズ20の後ろ側の開き角b゜より小さ
い)場合、マイクロレンズML1により決まるピンホー
ルの孔径(ピンホール径という)は対物レンズ20の後
ろ側NAにより決まるスポット径より大きい。
By the way, in the confocal microscope having such a configuration, the numerical aperture (NA) of the microlens ML1 and the rear NA of the objective lens do not necessarily match. When the NA of the microlens ML1 is smaller (as shown, the opening angle a ° of the microlens ML1 is smaller than the opening angle b ° of the rear side of the objective lens 20), the diameter of the pinhole determined by the microlens ML1 (pin The hole diameter) is larger than the spot diameter determined by the rear NA of the objective lens 20.

【0007】このようにマイクロレンズのNAを対物レ
ンズによる後ろ側NAよりも小さくした場合、次のよう
な利点がある。 (1) マイクロレンズの焦点距離を長くすることで視野を
大きくできる。 (2) マイクロレンズの配列ピッチを小さくすれば、ディ
スクの径が小さくできると共に光走査のピッチ(スキャ
ンピッチという)も小さくできる。
When the NA of the microlens is made smaller than the rear NA of the objective lens in this way, there are the following advantages. (1) The field of view can be increased by increasing the focal length of the microlens. (2) If the arrangement pitch of the microlenses is made small, the diameter of the disk can be made small and the pitch of optical scanning (called a scan pitch) can be made small.

【0008】しかしながら、上記の利点とは裏腹に次の
ような問題がある。 (1) マイクロレンズML1によるNAが対物レンズの後
ろ側NAより小さいため、対物レンズのNAが生かされ
ず、試料30上で光は絞りきれず面内分解能が悪くな
る。 (2) ピンホール径が試料30から戻ってきた光のビーム
径より大きいため、試料の深さ方向の分解能が悪くな
る。
However, contrary to the above advantages, there are the following problems. (1) Since the NA of the microlens ML1 is smaller than the rear NA of the objective lens, the NA of the objective lens is not utilized, the light cannot be fully focused on the sample 30, and the in-plane resolution deteriorates. (2) Since the pinhole diameter is larger than the beam diameter of the light returned from the sample 30, the resolution in the depth direction of the sample becomes poor.

【0009】(3) 対物レンズの後ろ側に合わせた小さな
ピンホール径にすると、マイクロレンズML1によって
絞られたビーム径の内部しかピンホールを通過できなく
なる。この場合、照明効率は低下し、かつはみ出した外
側の光はピンホール板の表面で反射し背景光として画像
に重なり、S/Nを悪化させる。 (4) ピンホールディスクと対物レンズの間に単レンズを
挿入すれば、その倍率によってピンホール径を変化させ
ることができるが、像の倍率も同時に変化してしまう。
(3) If the diameter of the pinhole is small so as to fit the rear side of the objective lens, only the inside of the beam diameter narrowed by the microlens ML1 can pass through the pinhole. In this case, the illumination efficiency is lowered, and the protruding outside light is reflected by the surface of the pinhole plate and overlaps with the image as background light to deteriorate the S / N. (4) If a single lens is inserted between the pinhole disc and the objective lens, the pinhole diameter can be changed according to the magnification, but the magnification of the image also changes at the same time.

【0010】本発明の目的は、このような点に鑑み、ピ
ンホールディスクと同じパターンを持つ第2の集光ディ
スクをピンホールディスクと対物レンズの間に挿入する
ことにより第1の集光ディスクのマイクロレンズのNA
と対物レンズの後ろ側NAを合わせ、像の倍率は変えな
いで分解能のみ上げることのできる共焦点光スキャナを
提供することにある。なお、ここで「NAを合わせ」と
は、両者のNAを同一にすることではなく、NAを変換
する素子を介することにより、光の結合効率を向上させ
ることである。
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to insert a second condensing disk having the same pattern as that of the pinhole disk between the pinhole disk and the objective lens so that the microscopic structure of the first condensing disk is improved. NA of the lens
The objective is to provide a confocal optical scanner capable of increasing only the resolution without changing the magnification of the image by adjusting the rear NA of the objective lens. Here, “to match the NAs” does not mean to make the NAs of both the same, but to improve the light coupling efficiency through an element that converts the NAs.

【0011】[0011]

【課題を解決するための手段】このような目的を達成す
るために本発明では、複数の微小開口を有するニポウデ
ィスクと、複数の集光手段が形成された第1の集光ディ
スクと、前記複数の集光手段の焦点位置に前記微小開口
がそれぞれ配置されるように前記ニポウディスクと集光
ディスクを連結する連結手段から成るディスクユニット
と、このディスクユニットを回転させる回転手段と、前
記集光ディスクとニポウディスクとの間に設置された分
岐光学系とを備え、前記微小開口を通過した照射光を対
物レンズを介して試料に照射し、試料面を光走査する共
焦点光スキャナにおいて、前記微小開口の配置と同じパ
ターンの複数の集光手段が形成された第2の集光ディス
クを備え、この第2の集光ディスクを前記微小開口と対
物レンズの間に配置し、前記第1の集光ディスクの集光
手段の開口数と前記対物レンズの後ろ側の開口数が合う
ように構成したことを特徴とする。
In order to achieve such an object, according to the present invention, a Nipkow disk having a plurality of minute openings, a first light collecting disk having a plurality of light collecting means, and a plurality of the plurality of light collecting means are provided. A disk unit comprising a connecting means for connecting the Nipkow disk and the light collecting disk so that the minute apertures are respectively arranged at the focus positions of the light collecting means; rotating means for rotating the disk unit; and the light collecting disk and the Nipkow disk. In a confocal optical scanner that is provided with a branch optical system installed between them, irradiates the sample with the irradiation light that has passed through the minute aperture, and optically scans the sample surface, the same as the arrangement of the minute aperture. A second condensing disc having a plurality of condensing means of a pattern is formed, and the second condensing disc is arranged between the minute aperture and the objective lens. And, characterized by being configured so that the opening speed of the rear side of the first condensing disc focusing means of numerical aperture and the objective lens is focused.

【0012】[0012]

【作用】第2の集光ディスクをピンホールディスクと対
物レンズの間に挿入し、第1の集光ディスクの集光手段
のNAと対物レンズの後ろ側NAを合わせる。これによ
り像の倍率は変えないで、分解能を上げることができ
る。
The second condenser disk is inserted between the pinhole disc and the objective lens, and the NA of the condenser means of the first condenser disk and the rear NA of the objective lens are aligned. As a result, the resolution can be increased without changing the magnification of the image.

【0013】[0013]

【発明の実施の形態】以下図面を用いて本発明を詳しく
説明する。図1は本発明に係る共焦点光スキャナの一実
施例を示す構成図である。なお、図4と同等部分には同
一符号を付し、その部分の説明は省略する。図1におい
て、40はピンホールディスク111の微小開口の配置
と同じパターンでマイクロレンズML2(集光手段)が
形成された第2の集光ディスクである。なお、集光ディ
スク112を第1の集光ディスクと呼ぶ。この第2の集
光ディスク40はピンホールディスク111および第1
の集光ディスク112と連結され、モータ13の駆動に
より3枚のディスクが一体に回転するようになってい
る。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of a confocal optical scanner according to the present invention. The same parts as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description of those parts will be omitted. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 40 denotes a second condensing disc in which microlenses ML2 (condensing means) are formed in the same pattern as the arrangement of the minute openings of the pinhole disc 111. The condensing disk 112 is called the first condensing disk. The second condensing disc 40 includes the pinhole disc 111 and the first disc.
Is connected to the condensing disk 112, and the three disks are integrally rotated by driving the motor 13.

【0014】このような構成において、入射光は第1の
集光ディスク112のマイクロレンズML1によりピン
ホールディスク111のピンホールへ絞られ、ピンホー
ルを通過した光は第2の集光ディスク40のマイクロレ
ンズML2で対物レンズ20の後ろ側焦点位置(中間像
面)に結像する。この場合、マイクロレンズML2はマ
イクロレンズML1のNAと対物レンズ20の後ろ側N
Aを一致させるリレー系となる。入射光は試料30上に
対物レンズ20のNAで集光する。
In such a structure, the incident light is narrowed down to the pinhole of the pinhole disk 111 by the microlens ML1 of the first condensing disk 112, and the light passing through the pinhole is the microlens of the second condensing disk 40. The image is formed at the back focal position (intermediate image plane) of the objective lens 20 by ML2. In this case, the microlens ML2 is the NA of the microlens ML1 and the rear side N of the objective lens 20.
It becomes a relay system that matches A. The incident light is condensed on the sample 30 by the NA of the objective lens 20.

【0015】試料からの戻り光は同じ光路を通り、ピン
トの合った面では丁度ピンホールPHの径に絞られてピ
ンホールに入射する。例えば、a:b=1:2(aはマ
イクロレンズML1の開き角、bは対物レンズ20の後
ろ側の開き角)のときは、Da :Db =2:1(Da
ピンホール位置でのビーム径、Db は中間像面でのビー
ム径)となる。つまり、マイクロレンズML2によりピ
ンホール上の像を中間像面に1/2に縮小する光学系と
なっている。なお、隣接ピンホールからの入射光がマイ
クロレンズML2に入ったとしても図2に示すように横
に進み、対物レンズには入らない。
The return light from the sample passes through the same optical path, and is focused to the pinhole PH on the in-focus surface and is incident on the pinhole. For example, when a: b = 1: 2 (a is the opening angle of the microlens ML1 and b is the opening angle of the rear side of the objective lens 20), D a : D b = 2: 1 (D a is a pinhole) The beam diameter at the position, D b is the beam diameter at the intermediate image plane). In other words, the optical system reduces the image on the pinhole to 1/2 on the intermediate image plane by the microlens ML2. Even if the incident light from the adjacent pinhole enters the microlens ML2, it travels laterally as shown in FIG. 2 and does not enter the objective lens.

【0016】以上のような構成により、NAとビーム径
の両方を同時に変換し、マイクロレンズ側と対物レンズ
側からの要求を効率よく一致させることができる。
With the above configuration, both the NA and the beam diameter can be converted at the same time, and the requirements from the microlens side and the objective lens side can be efficiently matched.

【0017】なお、本発明はその本質から逸脱せずに多
くの変更あるいは変形をなし得る。例えば図3に示すよ
うに、ピンホールPHとマイクロレンズML2を同一デ
ィスク111aに形成した構成としてもよい。また、微
小開口としてはピンホールに限定されず楕円その他の形
の孔でもよい。なお、このような微小開口を有する基板
は通常ニポウディスクと呼ばれている。
It should be noted that the present invention is capable of many modifications and variations without departing from its essence. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the pinhole PH and the microlens ML2 may be formed on the same disk 111a. Further, the minute openings are not limited to pin holes, and holes having an elliptical shape or other shapes may be used. A substrate having such minute openings is usually called Nipkow disk.

【0018】[0018]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明によれば、次
のような効果がある。 (1) マイクロレンズML1のNAと対物レンズ20の後
ろ側NAをマイクロレンズML2のリレー系で合わせる
ことができ、対物レンズ20のNAが有効に利用でき横
方向および深さ方向の分解能が向上する。 (2) マイクロレンズML1のNAのビーム径でピンホー
ル径が選択でき、このとき光利用効率は低下せず、ピン
ホール面の反射光も増加しない。 (3) マイクロレンズML2により個々のNAをリレーす
るため、倍率の変化はない。
As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (1) The NA of the microlens ML1 and the rear NA of the objective lens 20 can be matched by the relay system of the microlens ML2, the NA of the objective lens 20 can be effectively used, and the resolution in the lateral and depth directions is improved. . (2) The pinhole diameter can be selected by the NA beam diameter of the microlens ML1. At this time, the light utilization efficiency does not decrease and the reflected light on the pinhole surface does not increase. (3) Since each NA is relayed by the microlens ML2, the magnification does not change.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明に係る共焦点光スキャナの一実施例を示
す構成図
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a confocal optical scanner according to the present invention.

【図2】隣接ピンホールからの入射光の影響を説明する
ための図
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the influence of incident light from an adjacent pinhole.

【図3】本発明の他の実施例構成図FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.

【図4】従来の共焦点顕微鏡の光スキャナ部分の原理構
成図である。
FIG. 4 is a principle configuration diagram of an optical scanner portion of a conventional confocal microscope.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

10 光スキャナ 11 ディスクユニット 12 ビームスプリッタ 13 モータ 20 対物レンズ 30 試料 40 第2の集光ディスク 111,111a ピンホールディスク 112 第1の集光ディスク ML1,ML2 マイクロレンズ PH ピンホール 10 Optical Scanner 11 Disk Unit 12 Beam Splitter 13 Motor 20 Objective Lens 30 Sample 40 Second Condensing Disc 111, 111a Pinhole Disc 112 First Condensing Disc ML1, ML2 Microlens PH Pinhole

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】複数の微小開口を有するニポウディスク
と、複数の集光手段が形成された第1の集光ディスク
と、前記複数の集光手段の焦点位置に前記微小開口がそ
れぞれ配置されるように前記ニポウディスクと集光ディ
スクを連結する連結手段から成るディスクユニットと、
このディスクユニットを回転させる回転手段と、前記集
光ディスクとニポウディスクとの間に設置された分岐光
学系とを備え、前記微小開口を通過した照射光を対物レ
ンズを介して試料に照射し、試料面を光走査する共焦点
光スキャナにおいて、 前記微小開口の配置と同じパターンの複数の集光手段が
形成された第2の集光ディスクを備え、この第2の集光
ディスクを前記微小開口と対物レンズの間に配置し、前
記第1の集光ディスクの集光手段の開口数と前記対物レ
ンズの後ろ側の開口数が合うように構成したことを特徴
とする共焦点光スキャナ。
1. A Nipkow disk having a plurality of minute openings, a first light collecting disk having a plurality of light collecting means formed thereon, and the minute openings arranged at focal points of the plurality of light collecting means. A disk unit comprising a connecting means for connecting the Nipkow disk and the condensing disk,
A rotating means for rotating the disk unit and a branching optical system installed between the condensing disk and the Nipkow disk are provided, and the irradiation light having passed through the minute aperture is irradiated onto the sample through an objective lens. In the confocal optical scanner for optically scanning the optical disc, a second condensing disk having a plurality of condensing means having the same pattern as the arrangement of the minute apertures is provided, and the second condensing disc is provided with the minute apertures and the objective lens. A confocal optical scanner, wherein the confocal optical scanner is arranged so that the numerical aperture of the condensing means of the first condensing disk matches the numerical aperture of the rear side of the objective lens.
【請求項2】前記第2の集光ディスクは、前記ニポウデ
ィスクと集光ディスクに連結し、前記回転手段により一
体に回転するように構成されたことを特徴とする請求項
1記載の共焦点光スキャナ。
2. The confocal optical scanner according to claim 1, wherein the second condensing disc is connected to the Nipkow disc and the condensing disc and is configured to rotate integrally by the rotating means.
【請求項3】前記ニポウディスクと前記第2の集光ディ
スクが一体化された構造であることを特徴とする請求項
1記載の共焦点光スキャナ。
3. The confocal optical scanner according to claim 1, wherein the Nipkow disk and the second condensing disk are integrated.
JP29228095A 1995-11-10 1995-11-10 Confocal light scanner Expired - Fee Related JP3159006B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29228095A JP3159006B2 (en) 1995-11-10 1995-11-10 Confocal light scanner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29228095A JP3159006B2 (en) 1995-11-10 1995-11-10 Confocal light scanner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH09133870A true JPH09133870A (en) 1997-05-20
JP3159006B2 JP3159006B2 (en) 2001-04-23

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Family Applications (1)

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Country Link
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