JPH09133094A - Turbo machine - Google Patents
Turbo machineInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09133094A JPH09133094A JP7290916A JP29091695A JPH09133094A JP H09133094 A JPH09133094 A JP H09133094A JP 7290916 A JP7290916 A JP 7290916A JP 29091695 A JP29091695 A JP 29091695A JP H09133094 A JPH09133094 A JP H09133094A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- runner
- pressure
- shroud
- air
- lower cover
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、フランシス型など
シュラウドを有するランナを備えた水車、ポンプ水車、
ポンプなどのターボ機械に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a turbine including a Francis type runner having a shroud, a pump turbine,
Related to turbo machinery such as pumps.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図２はシュラウドを有するランナを備え
た従来のフランシス型水車の説明図である。図におい
て、ランナ１の吐出側と吸込側との圧力差によってラン
ナ１のシュラウド２と下カバー３との間の隙間から漏水
が生じる。また、ランナ１の吐出圧と大気圧との圧力差
によってランナ１のハブ５と上カバー４との間の隙間か
らも漏水が生じる。このため、ランナ１と上，下カバー
３，４との間の隙間をできるだけ狭くするとともに、シ
ール部６の段数を増やすことなどによって漏水の量を極
力少なくしている。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a conventional Francis type turbine equipped with a runner having a shroud. In the figure, water leaks from the gap between the shroud 2 of the runner 1 and the lower cover 3 due to the pressure difference between the discharge side and the suction side of the runner 1. Further, due to the pressure difference between the discharge pressure of the runner 1 and the atmospheric pressure, water also leaks from the gap between the hub 5 of the runner 1 and the upper cover 4. Therefore, the gap between the runner 1 and the upper and lower covers 3 and 4 is made as narrow as possible, and the amount of water leakage is minimized by increasing the number of steps of the seal portion 6.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記のように、従来の
フランシス型水車においてはシール部６の隙間を狭くし
たりシール部６の段数を増やすことなどによって漏水に
よる損失を抑えているが、少量の漏水は生じている。大
型の水車やポンプ水車などの場合には１％の水車効率の
増減が発電事業の損益に大きな影響を及ぼすため、水車
やポンプ水車などにおいては回転部分の表面の粗度を小
さくするなどして摩擦損失の抑制がなされているが、水
車やポンプ水車などにおける効率の向上にはなお一層の
努力を必要としている。As described above, in the conventional Francis type water turbine, the loss due to water leakage is suppressed by narrowing the gap of the seal portion 6 or increasing the number of steps of the seal portion 6, but a small amount. Is leaking. In the case of large turbines and pump turbines, a 1% increase / decrease in turbine efficiency has a large impact on the profit and loss of the power generation business. Therefore, in turbines and pump turbines, reduce the roughness of the rotating surface. Although friction loss is suppressed, further efforts are needed to improve the efficiency of turbines and pump turbines.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明に係るターボ機械
は上記課題の解決を目的にしており、シュラウドを有し
上カバーと下カバーとの間で回転するランナを備えたタ
ーボ機械におけるランナのハブと上カバーとの間に形成
される空間およびランナのシュラウドと下カバーとの間
に形成される空間内にランナ外周の液体の浸入を抑止可
能に圧力を調整した気体が充填されるようになってい
る。回転するランナと静止している上カバー、下カバー
との間に形成される空間内に圧力を調整した気体を貯め
てランナ外周の液体が空間内へ浸入するのを抑止し、ラ
ンナ外周の液体の圧力とこの液体に働く遠心力と調整す
る気体の圧力とをバランスさせることにより、ランナと
上，下カバーとの間に形成される空間へランナ外周の液
体が浸入しなくなるとともに、回転するランナに接する
部分が液体に替わって気体となる。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A turbomachine according to the present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and includes a runner for a turbomachine including a runner having a shroud and rotating between an upper cover and a lower cover. The space formed between the hub and the upper cover and the space formed between the shroud of the runner and the lower cover are filled with a gas whose pressure is adjusted so that the infiltration of liquid around the runner can be suppressed. Has become. The pressure-regulated gas is stored in the space formed between the rotating runner and the stationary upper cover and lower cover to prevent the liquid on the outer periphery of the runner from entering the space, and the liquid on the outer periphery of the runner is stored. By balancing the pressure of the runner with the centrifugal force acting on the liquid and the pressure of the gas to be adjusted, the liquid around the runner does not enter the space formed between the runner and the upper and lower covers, and the rotating runner The part in contact with becomes a gas instead of a liquid.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は本発明の実施の一形態に係
るフランシス型水車の説明図である。図において、本実
施の形態に係るフランシス型水車はシュラウドを有する
ランナを備えるもので、図に示すようにランナ１のシュ
ラウド２と下カバー３との間、ランナ１のハブ５と上カ
バー４との間のシール部６で水と空気とをバランスさせ
てシールするため、ランナ１のシュラウド２と下カバー
３との間、およびランナ１のハブ５と上カバー４との間
のそれぞれの空間へコンプレッサ１６から空気が供給さ
れるように配管を接続し、それぞれの配管には電磁弁
７，８および圧力計９，１０を設けて圧力計９，１０の
信号を受ける図示しない制御器によって電動弁７，８の
開度を制御し、空気圧を調整するようになっている。ラ
ンナ１の外周両面には周方向に適宜の間隔を有して溝部
１１が刻設され、上，下カバー３，４と対峙している。1 is an explanatory view of a Francis type turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the Francis type turbine according to the present embodiment includes a runner having a shroud. As shown in the figure, between the shroud 2 and the lower cover 3 of the runner 1, the hub 5 and the upper cover 4 of the runner 1 are provided. In order to balance and seal water and air in the seal portion 6 between the runner 1, the space between the shroud 2 of the runner 1 and the lower cover 3 and between the hub 5 of the runner 1 and the upper cover 4 is provided. Pipes are connected so that air is supplied from the compressor 16, electromagnetic valves 7 and 8 and pressure gauges 9 and 10 are provided on the respective pipes, and an electric valve is operated by a controller (not shown) that receives signals from the pressure gauges 9 and 10. The air pressure is adjusted by controlling the opening degrees of 7 and 8. Grooves 11 are engraved on both outer peripheral surfaces of the runner 1 at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction, and face the upper and lower covers 3 and 4.
【０００６】このように、下カバー３、上カバー４とそ
れぞれ対峙するランナ１両面の周方向に適宜の間隔で半
径方向の溝部１１を設けることにより、漏水をランナ１
とともに回転させて漏水に遠心力を生じさせるようにな
っている。また、上カバー４とランナ１および下カバー
３とランナ１との間に形成される各空間に機外からコン
プレッサ１６で空気を圧送する配管が接続され、それぞ
れの配管の途中に圧力計９，１０、電動弁７，８を設け
て各空間へ圧入される空気圧をそれぞれ制御することに
より、各空間内へ侵入する漏水をシールするようになっ
ている。As described above, by providing the groove portions 11 in the radial direction at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction on both surfaces of the runner 1 facing the lower cover 3 and the upper cover 4, respectively, water leakage can be prevented.
It is designed to rotate together with it to generate centrifugal force in water leakage. Further, pipes for pumping air from outside the compressor by a compressor 16 are connected to the spaces formed between the upper cover 4 and the runner 1 and the lower cover 3 and the runner 1, and the pressure gauges 9, 10. By providing the motor-operated valves 7 and 8 and controlling the air pressure to be press-fitted into each space, the leakage of water entering each space is sealed.
【０００７】回転するランナ１と静止している上，下カ
バー３，４との間の隙間にコンプレッサ６により圧力調
整した空気を貯める。ランナ１外周からこれら隙間へ浸
入しようとする水の圧力は水に働く遠心力と調整された
隙間内の空気の圧力とでバランスさせて水の漏洩を防止
する。ランナ１のシュラウド２と下カバー３との間およ
びランナ１のハブ５と上カバー４との間のそれぞれの隙
間へコンプレッサ６から供給される空気圧は本フランシ
ス水車における吐出側の水圧よりも低く、本フランシス
水車の運転開始前に導入される。ランナ１が回転すると
水と空気との差圧によって水は隙間内へ浸入し漏洩しよ
うとするが、圧力計９，１０の信号を受けた図示しない
制御器によって電動弁７，８の開度を制御して空気圧を
調整することにより、高圧の漏水が低圧の隙間内へ浸入
しようとする圧力と回転による遠心力および空気圧がバ
ランスしてシール性が保たれる。Air whose pressure is adjusted by the compressor 6 is stored in the gap between the rotating runner 1 and the stationary upper and lower covers 3 and 4. The pressure of the water that tries to enter the gaps from the outer periphery of the runner 1 is balanced by the centrifugal force acting on the water and the pressure of the air in the adjusted gap to prevent water leakage. The air pressure supplied from the compressor 6 to the respective gaps between the shroud 2 and the lower cover 3 of the runner 1 and between the hub 5 and the upper cover 4 of the runner 1 is lower than the water pressure on the discharge side in the Francis turbine. It will be introduced before the start of operation of this Francis turbine. When the runner 1 rotates, the water enters the gap due to the pressure difference between the water and the air and tries to leak. However, the opening degree of the motor-operated valves 7 and 8 is controlled by a controller (not shown) which receives signals from the pressure gauges 9 and 10. By controlling and adjusting the air pressure, the pressure at which high-pressure water leaks into the low-pressure gap and the centrifugal force and air pressure due to rotation are balanced to maintain the sealing property.
【０００８】従来のフランシス型水車においてはシール
部の隙間を狭くしたりシール部の段数を増やすことなど
によって漏水による損失を抑えているが、少量の漏水は
生じている。大型の水車やポンプ水車などの場合には１
％の水車効率の増減が発電事業の損益に大きな影響を及
ぼすため、水車やポンプ水車などにおいては回転部分の
表面の粗度を小さくするなどして摩擦損失の抑制がなさ
れているが、水車やポンプ水車などにおける効率の向上
にはなお一層の努力を必要としている。これに対し、本
フランシス型水車においては効率低下の要因となる漏水
による損失と回転に伴う摩擦損失とを低減させるために
上カバー４とランナ１のハブ５との間、下カバー３とラ
ンナ１のシュラウド２との間のシール部６の構造はラン
ナ１がそれぞれ上カバー４、下カバー３と接する面に周
方向に適宜の間隔で溝部１１を設け、上カバー４とラン
ナ１のハブ５とで形成される空間および下カバー３とラ
ンナ１のシュラウド２とで形成される空間へ配管を設
け、それぞれの配管の途中には圧力計９，１０および電
動弁７，８を備え、機外からコンプレッサ１６により空
気が圧送されるようになっている。回転しているランナ
１と静止している上，下カバー３，４との間からの漏水
を無くすためにこの空間に空気を貯める、この空気と漏
水とを漏水に働く遠心力とランナ１の回転による昇圧と
をバランスさせることにより水の通過を防いで漏水を零
とする。また、回転するランナ１に接する部分が水に替
わって摩擦の少ない空気となることにより摩擦による損
失が減少する。このように空気溜りを利用したシール部
６の機構によって漏水が完全になくなるとともに、回転
するランナ１に接する部分が水に変わって空気となるこ
とにより、漏水による損失が無くなり、またランナ１外
面における摩擦が減少することにより水車効率が上昇す
る。In the conventional Francis type turbine, the loss due to water leakage is suppressed by narrowing the gap of the seal portion or increasing the number of stages of the seal portion, but a small amount of water leakage occurs. 1 for large turbines and pump turbines
The increase or decrease in turbine efficiency significantly affects the profit and loss of the power generation business. Therefore, in turbines and pump turbines, friction loss is suppressed by reducing the roughness of the surface of the rotating part. Further efforts are needed to improve efficiency in pump turbines. On the other hand, in this Francis type turbine, in order to reduce the loss due to water leakage and the friction loss due to rotation that cause a decrease in efficiency, the lower cover 3 and the runner 1 are provided between the upper cover 4 and the hub 5 of the runner 1. In the structure of the seal portion 6 between the shroud 2 and the shroud 2, the runner 1 is provided with grooves 11 at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction on the surfaces in contact with the upper cover 4 and the lower cover 3, respectively. The pipes are provided in the space formed by and the space formed by the lower cover 3 and the shroud 2 of the runner 1, and the pressure gauges 9 and 10 and the electric valves 7 and 8 are provided in the middle of each pipe, Air is pumped by the compressor 16. Air is stored in this space in order to eliminate water leakage between the rotating runner 1 and the stationary upper and lower covers 3 and 4, and the centrifugal force acting on the water leakage and the runner 1 By balancing the pressure increase due to rotation, the passage of water is prevented and the leakage is reduced to zero. Further, since the portion in contact with the rotating runner 1 is replaced by water and becomes air with less friction, loss due to friction is reduced. In this way, water leakage is completely eliminated by the mechanism of the seal portion 6 using the air reservoir, and the portion in contact with the rotating runner 1 is changed to water to become air, so that loss due to water leakage is eliminated, and the outer surface of the runner 1 is eliminated. Reduced friction increases turbine efficiency.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明の効果】本発明に係るターボ機械は前記のように
構成されており、ランナと上，下カバーとの間に形成さ
れる空間へランナ外周の液体が浸入しなくなるととも
に、回転するランナに接する部分が液体に替わって気体
となるので、ランナと上，下カバーとの間の空間への漏
液による損失が無くなり、またランナにおける摩擦が減
少してターボ機械の効率が上昇する。The turbomachine according to the present invention is constructed as described above, and the liquid around the runner does not enter the space formed between the runner and the upper and lower covers, and the rotating runner is provided. Since the contact portion becomes gas instead of liquid, there is no loss due to liquid leakage to the space between the runner and the upper and lower covers, and the friction in the runner is reduced to increase the efficiency of the turbomachine.
【図１】図１（ａ）は本発明の実施の一形態に係るフラ
ンシス水車の断面図、同図（ｂ）はそのシール部の断面
図、同図（ｃ）は同図（ｂ）におけるＣ−Ｃ矢視図であ
る。FIG. 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a Francis turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 (b) is a cross-sectional view of its seal portion, and FIG. 1 (c) is the same as FIG. 1 (b). It is a CC arrow line view.
【図２】図２は従来のフランシス水車の断面図である。FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a conventional Francis turbine.
１ ランナ ２ シュラウド ３ 下カバー ４ 上カバー ５ ハブ ６ シール部 ７ 電動弁 ８ 電動弁 ９ 圧力計 １０ 圧力計 １１ 溝部 １６ コンプレッサ 1 Runner 2 Shroud 3 Lower cover 4 Upper cover 5 Hub 6 Seal part 7 Motorized valve 8 Motorized valve 9 Pressure gauge 10 Pressure gauge 11 Groove 16 Compressor
Claims (1)
の間で回転するランナを備えたターボ機械において、上
記ランナのハブと上記上カバーとの間に形成される空間
および上記ランナの上記シュラウドと上記下カバーとの
間に形成される空間内に上記ランナ外周の液体の浸入を
抑止可能に圧力を調整した気体が充填されることを特徴
とするターボ機械。1. A turbomachine having a runner having a shroud and rotating between an upper cover and a lower cover, wherein a space formed between a hub of the runner and the upper cover and the shroud of the runner. A turbo machine characterized in that a space whose space is formed between the lower cover and the lower cover is filled with a gas whose pressure is adjusted so as to prevent the liquid around the runner from entering.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7290916A JPH09133094A (en) | 1995-11-09 | 1995-11-09 | Turbo machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7290916A JPH09133094A (en) | 1995-11-09 | 1995-11-09 | Turbo machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09133094A true JPH09133094A (en) | 1997-05-20 |
Family
ID=17762176
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7290916A Withdrawn JPH09133094A (en) | 1995-11-09 | 1995-11-09 | Turbo machine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09133094A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100813145B1 (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2008-03-17 | 주식회사 한국유체기계 | centrifugal compressor |
| JP2015175366A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-10-05 | 中国電力株式会社 | Main shaft water sealing device and main shaft water sealing method for water turbine |
-
1995
- 1995-11-09 JP JP7290916A patent/JPH09133094A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100813145B1 (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2008-03-17 | 주식회사 한국유체기계 | centrifugal compressor |
| JP2015175366A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-10-05 | 中国電力株式会社 | Main shaft water sealing device and main shaft water sealing method for water turbine |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 20030204 |