JPH09132994A - Tunnel boring machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable an operator to safely perform maintenance for a jet pump for discharging the digged material. SOLUTION: A tunnel boring machine is so constructed that a cutter head 15 freely driven in rotation is installed on the front of a cylindrical tunnel boring machine main body 11 and the machine is moved forward by a parallel link mechanism. One end part of a digged material sucking pipe 201 is connected to the lower part of a hopper 24, and the other end part thereof is extended through a bulk head 22 into the machine to be connected to the midway part of a digged material discharge pipe 202. A mixed air jet pump 20 6 is provided on the front of the digged material discharge pipe 202.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for discharging an excavated product, which discharges an excavated product produced by excavating a rock or the like, to the outside of a tunnel, a tunnel excavator to which the device for ejecting the excavated product, and a tunnel excavating method. It is about.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Among tunnel excavators for excavating tunnels in the ground, there is a tunnel boring machine (hereinafter referred to as TBM) for excavating rock.
In this TBM, a cutter head that can be driven and rotated is attached to the front part of a cylindrical front body, and a large number of disk cutters that destroy rocks are attached to this cutter head. In addition, a front gripper capable of holding the front body in position by being pressed against the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel is mounted on the front body. On the other hand, a cylindrical rear body, which is relatively movable along the excavation direction, is connected to the rear part of the front body, and the rear body can be held in position by pressure contact with the inner wall surface of the tunnel formed by excavation. The rear gripper is installed. Further, between the front body and the rear body, a plurality of thrust jacks for advancing them are installed.

Therefore, in order to excavate and form a tunnel with the TBM constructed as described above, while the rear body is held in position in the tunnel by the rear gripper, a plurality of thrust jacks are extended while rotationally driving the cutter head. A large number of disk cutters excavate the rock in front, and the front body moves forward. When the thrust jack extends by a predetermined stroke, the drive of the thrust jack is stopped, the front gripper holds the front body in position, and the rear gripper releases the rear body in position. When the plurality of thrust jacks are contracted in this state, the rear body is pulled closer to the front body and moves forward. After that, in the same way as described above, while holding the rear body in position with the rear gripper, releasing the position holding of the front body with the front gripper and extending the plurality of thrust jacks while rotating the cutter head, the rock mass is excavated. While the front torso moves forward. By repeating this, a tunnel of a predetermined length is excavated and formed.

[0004] In the above-mentioned TBM, rock masses, rock fragments, excavated materials such as earth and sand, etc., which are produced by excavating rock mass by a disk cutter, are generally called shears, and these shears are taken into a hopper and along the conveying pipe. It is conveyed to the rear of the TBM by the belt conveyor installed and discharged outside the tunnel.

However, in such a method of carrying out the shear by the belt conveyor, although the shear such as the rock mass and the rock fragments generated by excavating the bedrock can be transported by the belt conveyor, the slip such as the mud and the muddy water can be carried out. There is a problem in that it cannot be conveyed, falls on the way and enters the drive part of the belt conveyor, etc., causing a failure. Further, in the TBM, it is necessary for the worker to perform various works in the front and rear trunks, such as replacement work due to wear of the disc cutter and geological exploration work. The above-mentioned TBM is provided with a belt conveyor for off-loading, and the belt conveyor and the transport pipe occupy the inside of the front body and the rear body. Therefore, in a small-diameter TBM, the belt conveyor and the transfer pipe interfere with each other, so that the working space of the worker cannot be sufficiently secured, and the disc cutter replacement work and the geological exploration work are efficiently performed. There was a problem that I could not.

As a solution to such a problem, there is one disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-49274. In the tunnel excavator disclosed in this publication, a jet pump is arranged at the bottom of a hopper, and a shear inlet communicating with the hopper is formed downstream of a water flow accelerating nozzle of the jet pump. Therefore, by accelerating the pressurized water supplied from the pump through the pipe with the nozzle of the jet pump, a negative pressure is generated in the throat near the shear inlet, and the negative pressure water flow causes the shear in the hopper. Is sucked together with air and water, and this shear is put on a water stream and discharged to the outside.

[0007]

As described above, the conventional tunnel excavator disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-49274 uses a jet pump to allow not only rock mass and rock fragments, but also Muddy soil and muddy water can be reliably transported without falling, and since the slide carry-out device is composed of only the supply and discharge pipes, this slide carry-out device becomes compact and the inside of the disc cutter Exchange work can be easily performed.

However, in this conventional tunnel excavator, a jet pump is attached to the bottom of a hopper provided in the chamber chamber of the tunnel excavator, and maintenance of this jet pump is safely performed during excavation work. In addition, there is a problem that it cannot be performed efficiently.

That is, in the excavator discharge device using the jet pump, a negative pressure is generated by the water flow accelerated from the nozzle of the jet pump flowing in the throat near the intake port, and the negative pressure is generated. The water flow sucks the water in the hopper together with the water and puts it on the water flow and discharges it to the outside. Therefore, if a sufficient negative pressure is not generated in the vicinity of the shear intake, the shear in the hopper may not be sucked and the slip intake may be closed. In such a case, the operator inside the excavator needs to regularly inspect the jet pump.

However, as described above, since the jet pump is located in the chamber room where the excavated material is scattered, the excavator must be stopped before the maintenance work for safety reasons. It is a factor that reduces efficiency. In addition to the maintenance work, it is necessary to adjust the amount of water jetted from the jet pump during the excavation work. Even in this case, the excavator is stopped, which further delays the excavation work. There's a problem.

The present invention is intended to solve such a problem, and it is possible to reliably discharge excavated materials such as rock masses, rock fragments, and earth and sand produced by excavation to improve the work efficiency of excavation work and to improve safety. It is also an object of the present invention to provide an excavator discharge device, a tunnel excavator, and a tunnel excavation method that enable efficient maintenance.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an excavator discharge device according to the present invention is constructed such that the excavates excavated by the rotation of a cutter head are accumulated in a hopper inside a chamber. In a device for discharging excavated material discharged to the outside by a jet pump mounted on, the one end of the excavated material suction pipe is connected to the lower part of the hopper in which the excavated material accumulation opening is formed in the upper part, The other end extends through the partition that divides the chamber to extend into the machine and is connected to a midway portion of the excavation material discharge pipe, and the nozzle of the jet pump is provided at the front portion of the excavation material discharge pipe and air. It is characterized in that a suction port is provided.

Therefore, in the excavator discharge device of the present invention, the excavation excavated by the rotation of the cutter head is taken into the hopper through the excavation accumulation opening and accumulated,
On the other hand, when the water flow is jetted from the nozzle of the jet pump to the excavation product discharge pipe, air is sucked from the air intake port and becomes a mixed jet water flow, and the excavation product in the hopper is sucked through the excavation product suction pipe. The excavated material is discharged to the outside through the excavated material discharge pipe together with the mixed jet water flow. The jet pump is provided in the machine that is partitioned by the chamber chamber and the partition wall, and the maintenance of the jet pump can be performed in the machine with good environment.

The excavated material discharging device of the present invention is characterized in that a water supply pipe for supplying water is provided in the hopper.

Therefore, the water level in the hopper rises due to the water supplied from the water supply pipe together with the excavated material, and the efficiency of suction of the excavated material by the jet pump is improved.

Further, the tunnel excavator of the present invention comprises a tubular excavator body, a cutter head rotatably mounted on the front portion of the excavator body, and a propulsion mechanism for advancing the excavator body. A hopper for accumulating the excavated material excavated by the cutter head, and an excavated material suctioning extended into the machine by penetrating a partition wall having one end connected to a lower portion of the hopper and the other end partitioning a chamber. Pipe, a digging material discharge pipe whose base end is connected to a water supply pipe and the other end of the digging material suction pipe is connected midway, and a nozzle and air provided in the front part of the digging material discharge pipe It is characterized in that it is provided with an air-mixed jet pump including an intake port.

Therefore, when excavating rock or the like with the tunnel excavator of the present invention, the cutter head that rotates at the front of the excavator main body is driven to rotate and the excavator main body is advanced by the propulsion mechanism to rotate the cutter. The head destroyed the bedrock,
The excavated excavated material is accumulated by the hopper, and the water supplied from the water supply pipe is jetted from the nozzle of the jet pump to the excavated material discharge pipe, whereby air is sucked from the air intake port and the mixed jet water flow. Is generated, the excavated matter in the hopper is sucked by the mixed air jet water flow through the excavated matter suction pipe, and the excavated matter is discharged to the outside through the excavated matter discharge pipe together with the mixed air jet water flow. The jet pump is provided in the machine that is partitioned by the chamber chamber and the partition wall, and the maintenance of the jet pump can be performed in the machine with good environment.

Further, the tunnel excavation method of the present invention is a tunnel excavation method of excavating a rock mass in front of the tunnel body by forming a tunnel by advancing a tubular body while drivingly rotating a cutter head attached to a front portion. At, in, the excavated material produced by excavating rock is taken into the hopper, and the air is sucked into the mixed air jet water flow by injecting water from the nozzle of the jet pump, and this mixed air jet water flow is injected into the excavation product discharge pipe. Thus, the negative pressure generated by the mixed jet water flow sucks the excavated material in the hopper through the excavated matter suction pipe connected to the hopper, and the sucked excavated material is placed on the mixed air jet water stream. The excavated matter discharge pipe is discharged to the outside.

Therefore, according to the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, the rock body in front is excavated by advancing the cylindrical body while driving and rotating the cutter head attached to the front portion. The excavated material produced by the excavation is taken into the hopper, and the inhaled air is mixed with the water flow injected from the nozzle of the jet pump to form a mixed jet water flow.
The excavated material in the hopper is sucked by the mixed jet water flow, and is discharged to the outside through the excavated material discharge pipe. Then, maintenance of this jet pump can be performed in an environment-friendly machine during excavation work.

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

In the following description, the discharge device for excavated material of the present invention will be referred to as a discharge device for discharging shear such as rock mass and rock fragments generated by rock excavation, and the tunnel excavator of the present invention will be used for tunnel boring machine for excavating rock. (TBM) will be described.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for discharging excavated material according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a tunnel boring machine as a tunnel excavator of the present invention equipped with the device for discharging excavated material. A cross section, FIG. 3 is a front view of this tunnel boring machine, FIG. 4 is a cross section taken along the line AA of FIG. 2, and FIG.
BB cross section, FIG. 6 CC cross section in FIG. 2, FIG. 7 outline of parallel link mechanism as a propulsion mechanism, and FIG. 8 side view of link type segment erector device applied to this tunnel boring machine, FIG. 9 shows a front view of the link-type segment elector device.

<Overall structure of tunnel boring machine>
First, the overall configuration of the TBM 10 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in the TBM 10, the excavator main body is composed of a front body 11, a middle body 12, and a rear body 13 each having a cylindrical shape. A cutter head 15 is rotatably mounted on a front portion of the front body 11 by a bearing 14. The cutter head 15 has spokes 16 that are radially intersecting with each other fixed to the front surface thereof. A large number of disk cutters 17 for shearing and breaking the rock mass are pivotally mounted, and a scraper 18 for scraping the excavated surface of the rock mass is fixed. A ring gear 19 having internal teeth is integrally fixed to the rear portion of the cutter head 15, while the front body 11
An electric or hydraulic cutter turning motor 20 is fixed to the drive gear 2 of the cutter turning motor 20.
1 meshes with the ring gear 19.

Further, a bulkhead 22 is formed on the front body 11 so as to separate the cutter head 15 side and the cutter drive motor 20 side so that the shear generated by excavation does not enter inside. This bulkhead 22
A chamber chamber 23 is formed between and. And
A hopper 24 for accumulating the offset is fixedly provided to the bulk head 22 in the chamber 23, and the cutter head 1
A scraping plate 25 is fixed to the inside of the scraper 5 for scraping up the scrap that has been destroyed and dropped and taking it into the hopper 24. Further, at the lower part of the hopper 24, a discharging device 26 for discharging the shear accumulated in the hopper 24 to the outside is attached.

Accordingly, when the cutter drive motor 20 is driven to rotate the drive gear 21, the ring gear 19 meshing with the drive gear 21 rotates, the cutter head 15 integrated with the ring gear 19 turns, and the disk cutter 17 rocks. The rock can be excavated by shearing and breaking the surface and scraping the excavated surface by the scraper 18. Then, the shear generated by excavation falls into the chamber 23, and the scraping plate 25 rotates together with the cutter head 15 to scrape the shear in the chamber 23 and drop it into the hopper 24.
The slip that has fallen and accumulated in the hopper 24 is discharged by the discharging device 2.
6 is discharged to the outside.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the middle case 12 is swingably connected to the rear part of the front case 11 via a spherical bearing 27. Further, the rear body 13 is connected to the rear inner peripheral surface of the middle body 12 via a seal member 28 so as to be movable in the excavation direction. Then, the front body substrate 29 fixed to the rear portion of the front body 11
A connection jack 30 is temporarily installed between the and the inner body 12. The connecting jack 30 is expanded and contracted by supplying and discharging hydraulic pressure. The jack main body is swingably supported by a ball bearing 31 fixed to the front case base plate 29, and the rod tip end is attached to the wall surface of the middle case 12. It is swingably supported by a fixed ball bearing 32.

Further, the front body substrate 29 of the front body 11 and the rear body 13
Six thrust jacks 34a to 34f as a propulsion mechanism are installed between the rear body substrate 33 fixed to the front part of the. The thrust jacks 34a to 34f are expanded and contracted by supplying and discharging hydraulic pressure, the jack body is swingably supported by a ball bearing 35 fixed to the front body substrate 29, and the rod tip end portion is provided on the rear body substrate 33. It is swingably supported by a ball bearing 36 fixed to. The thrust jacks 34a to 34f are arranged adjacent to each other. For example, the thrust jack 34a is inclined to one side in the circumferential direction of the cutter head 15, and the thrust jack 34b is inclined to the other side in the circumferential direction of the cutter head 15. Then, the parallel link mechanism 37 is configured by being arranged in a truss shape as a whole.

Therefore, in the parallel link mechanism 37, the front body 1 having the cutter head 15 is changed by changing the operation strokes of the thrust jacks 34a to 34f.
1 can be bent with respect to the middle body 12 and the excavation direction can be changed. Further, by extending the drive rods of the thrust jacks 34 a to 34 f of the parallel link mechanism 37, the front body 11 and the middle body 12 having the cutter head 15 can be moved forward with respect to the rear body 13.

Here, the parallel link mechanism 37 composed of the plurality of thrust jacks 34a to 34f described above.
The configuration of the control system will be described.

As shown in FIG. 7, the thrust jack 34
a to 34f, for example, the thrust jack 34a
Hydraulic pressure supply / discharge pipes 41, 42 are connected to two pressure chambers partitioned by a piston (not shown), and the hydraulic pressure supply / discharge pipes 41, 42 are connected to the servo valve 45 via emergency cutoff valves 43, 44, respectively. It is connected. The servo valve 45 operates to supply and discharge pressure oil to and from each pressure chamber of the thrust jack 34a, and is connected to a hydraulic pressure supply / discharge source 48 via connecting pipes 46 and 47.

A displacement sensor 49 for detecting the operating position of the thrust jack 34a is mounted on the thrust jack 34a.
1 connected. The servo valve 45 described above is connected to the servo amplifier 51. The control unit 50 includes an operation unit 5 having a plurality of joysticks.
2 and the emergency stop button 53 are connected.

Therefore, the displacement sensor 49 detects the operating position of the thrust jack 34a and outputs the detection signal to the control unit 50. The control unit 50 outputs a command signal to the servo amplifier 51 based on this detection signal, the servo amplifier 51 controls the servo valve 45 based on the command signal, and between the hydraulic pressure supply / discharge source 48 and the thrust jack 34a. It is designed to supply and discharge hydraulic pressure. Although only the thrust jack 34a has been described here, the other thrust jacks 34b to 34f have the same configuration.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, a plurality of front grippers 55 are mounted on the front body 11 at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and each front gripper 55 has a built-in hydraulic jack 56. Can be driven in the radial direction. Therefore, by driving the hydraulic jacks 56 and projecting the front grippers 55 in the radial direction, the front grippers 55 are pressed against the inner wall surface of the tunnel formed by excavation from the position where the front grippers 55 are housed in the front case 11. 11 can be moved to a holding position.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, two rear grippers 57 are mounted on the rear body 13 at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and each rear gripper 57 has a built-in hydraulic jack 58. Can be driven in the radial direction. Therefore, by driving the hydraulic jack 58 and projecting the rear grippers 57 in the radial direction, the rear grippers 57 are pressed against the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel from the position where the rear grippers 57 are housed in the rear case 13, and the rear case 13 is opened. It can be moved to the holding position.

The normal TBM 10 is a tunnel excavator for rock excavation, and the rear gripper 57 of the rear body 13 is used to obtain a reaction force for excavation to propel the front body 11, but the ground during tunnel excavation is used. When the rock layer changes from the rock layer to the general earth and sand layer, the excavated tunnel wall surface is soft and the rear gripper 57 cannot obtain the reaction force for excavation. Therefore, in this TBM 10, as in a shield excavator, the front body 11 can be propelled by obtaining excavation reaction force by the segment.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the rear body 1
A plurality of shield jacks 59 are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction at the rear portion of the drive rod 3, and a spreader 60 is attached to the front end portion of the drive rod extending rearward. Therefore, when the shield jack 59 is operated to extend the drive rod rearward in the excavation direction, the spreader 60 is pressed against the existing segment S constructed on the inner peripheral surface of the excavated tunnel,
The reaction force allows the front body 11, the middle body 12, and the rear body 13 to move forward. A tail packing 61 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the rear portion of the rear body 13 so as to be in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the existing segment S and prevent the infiltration of earth and sand into the rear body 13.

<Structure of Segment Elector Device> Next,
A segment elector device applied to the TBM 10 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the segment erector device 62 mounted on the TBM 10 is a link type and is provided on a fixing plate 63 fixed to the rear part of the rear body 13, and the erector device 62 is equipped with the shield jack 59.
The new segment S is mounted in the space between the rear body 13 (excavator main body) and the existing segment S advanced by.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, four support rollers 65, which are rotatable by brackets 64, are attached to the fixed plate 63 at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
A rotary ring 66 is rotatably supported by the four support rollers 65, and a ring gear 67 having internal teeth is fixed to the rotary ring 66. In addition, the fixing plate 63
A hydraulic motor 69 is fixed by a bracket 68, and a drive gear 70 of the hydraulic motor 69 meshes with internal teeth of a ring gear 67. Therefore, the hydraulic motor 6
When the drive gear 70 is rotationally driven by driving 9, the ring gear 67 meshing with the drive gear 70 is rotated, and the rotary ring 66 integrated with the ring gear 67 can be rotated.

A fixed base 71 fixed to the rotary ring 66 has a pair of connecting links 72 and a pair of movable links 7.
The movable base 74 is supported via the third movable link 73, and the main body of the hydraulic jack 75 is pivotally attached to the pair of movable links 73.
The tip of the drive rod is connected to the fixed base 71. A slide body 77 is screwed onto the screw rod 76 of the moving table 74, and the slide body 77 is movable by the rotation of the screw rod 76. The slide bracket 77 is attached to the mounting bracket 78 fixed to the slide body 77. The hanging metal fitting 80 is detachable by the connecting pin 79. The lower portion of the hanging metal fitting 80 is a threaded portion, which is screwed in advance to the inner surface of the segment S carried in by a device (not shown).

Therefore, with respect to the hanging metal fitting 80 screwed to the segment S, the slide body 77 is moved to align with the mounting bracket 78, and the hanging metal fitting 80 is connected to the mounting bracket 78 by the connecting pin 79. By that,
The segment S can be held. When the hydraulic jack 75 is driven to expand and contract the drive rod, the movable link 73 and the connecting link 72 rotate up and down, and the fixed base 7
By moving the moving table 74 up and down with respect to 1, the held segment S can be moved up and down. Furthermore, the hydraulic motor 6
By driving 9 to rotate the rotating ring 66 together with the ring gear 67, the held segment S can be moved along the inner wall surface of the tunnel.

<Structure of Excavation Device Discharge Device> Next, the excavation product discharge device 26 mounted on the above-mentioned TBM 10 will be described in detail. As shown in FIG. 1, the excavator discharge device 26 is provided together with a hopper 24 for accumulating the shear in a chamber chamber 23 formed between the cutter head 15 and the bulkhead 22 of the front body 11.

That is, the hopper 24 has a slip accumulation opening 24a formed in the upper portion thereof, while the lower portion thereof has the excavation suction pipe 20 in the lower portion.
1 is connected to one end of the excavator suction pipe 201, and the other end of the excavator suction pipe 201 penetrates the bulkhead 22 to form the excavator body (the front body 1
1) It is extended inside. On the other hand, a excavation material discharge pipe 202 is disposed in the front body 11 in front of and behind the excavation direction, and a water supply pipe 203 connected to a water pump (not shown) is provided at the front portion of the excavation material discharge pipe 202 in the excavation direction. The rear part in the excavation direction is connected to the drainage device (not shown). In addition, the excavated material discharge pipe 202 is connected to the other end of the excavated material suction pipe 201 at a midway portion thereof, a jet nozzle 204 is formed on the upstream side of this connecting portion, and an air suction pipe (air suction port) is formed. The air-fuel mixture jet pump 206 is configured by connecting 205. Flow control valves 207 and 208 are attached to the water supply pipe 203 and the air suction pipe 205, respectively. A high-pressure water injection nozzle 209 is provided above the accumulation opening 24a of the hopper 24, and a high-pressure water supply pipe 210 is connected to the high-pressure water injection nozzle 209.

<Operation of Tunnel Boring Machine> Here, a case will be described in which a rock is excavated by the TBM 10 configured as described above to construct a tunnel.

As shown in FIG. 2, by driving (reducing) the hydraulic jack 56 and retracting each front gripper 55 to be housed in the front case 11, the front case 11 can be moved, while the hydraulic jack 58 can be moved. Is driven (extended) to push out each rear gripper 57 and press the outer peripheral surface of the rear gripper 57 against the inner wall surface of the tunnel formed by excavation to hold the rear body 13 immovable. In this state, while driving the cutter turning drive motor 20 to rotate the cutter head 15, the thrust jacks 34a to 34f of the parallel link mechanism 37 are extended to move the cutter head 15 together with the front body 11 forward. Then, the disc cutter 17 of the rotating cutter head 15 shears and breaks the rock mass, and the scraper 18 scrapes off the excavation surface to excavate the rock mass. Then, at this time, by changing the respective operation strokes of the thrust jacks 34a to 34f, the front body 11 is bent via the middle body 12 and the spherical bearing 27, and the direction of the cutter head 15 is changed to change the excavation direction of the tunnel. can do.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the control unit 50 includes thrust jacks 34a-3a detected by the displacement sensor 49.
The detection signal of the operating position of 4f is input, and the control unit 5
0 indicates a preset excavation condition (planned alignment of the tunnel to be excavated, excavation speed, etc.) and a command signal to the servo amplifier 51 based on the detection signal of the displacement sensor 49 to control the servo valve 45 to supply and discharge hydraulic pressure. Source 48 and thrust jack 34
Hydraulic pressure is supplied to and discharged from a to 34f. Therefore, the thrust jacks 34a to 34f are driven by a predetermined amount by supplying and discharging the hydraulic pressure, and the X direction, the Y direction, the Z direction, the ψ direction, the θ direction,
While the control in the φ direction is performed, the cutter head 15 is moved in the 6 directions of freedom in the X direction, the Y direction, the Z direction, the ψ direction, the θ direction, and the φ direction.

Then, each thrust jack 34a-34
When f is extended by a predetermined stroke, the driving of the thrust jacks 34a to 34f is stopped, and the hydraulic jacks 56 are driven (extended) to push out the front grippers 55 to press the outer peripheral surface against the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel. While the front body 11 is held immovable, the rear jack 13 is made movable by driving (reducing) the hydraulic jacks 58 and retracting each rear gripper 57 to be housed in the rear body 13. In this state, the thrust jacks 34a to 34f of the parallel link mechanism 37 are contracted to pull the rear body 13 forward with respect to the front body 11 and the middle body 12 and move them.
Then, in the same manner as described above, each front gripper 55 is retracted and stored in the front body 11, and the front body 11 is made movable, while each rear gripper 57 is pushed out and the outer peripheral surface is pressed against the inner wall surface of the tunnel. Hold 13 immovable. In this state, while driving the cutter turning drive motor 20 to rotate the cutter head 15, the thrust jacks 34a to 34f of the parallel link mechanism 37 are extended to move the cutter head 15 together with the front body 11 forward. Then, the rock bed is excavated by the disk cutter 17 and the scraper 18. The tunnel is excavated and formed by repeating this process.

This disc cutter 17 and scraper 1
The shear generated by the rock excavation of No. 8 falls into the chamber 23 from the gap of the cutter head 15,
The scraping plate 25 rotating together scrapes up the shear in the chamber 23 and drops it into the hopper 24. Then, the slip accumulated in the hopper 24 and accumulated therein is discharged by the discharging device 2
6 is discharged to the outside.

That is, in the discharge device 26, the high-pressure water supplied through the high-pressure water supply pipe 210 is converted into the high-pressure water injection nozzle 209.
Water is sprinkled from above the hopper 24 by the hopper 24, and the accumulated shear in the hopper 24 is filled with water. On the other hand, flow control valve
207 is opened and the air-fuel mixture jet pump 206 is fed from the water pipe 203.
The high-pressure water supplied to is accelerated by the jet nozzle 204 and injected into the excavation material discharge pipe 202, and at the same time, air is sucked from the air suction pipe (air suction port) 205. Then, the mixed jet water flow flows in the excavation product discharge pipe 202, and a negative pressure is generated. This negative pressure acts on the hopper 24 via the excavation object suction pipe 201, the shear in the hopper 24 is sucked together with the water, and the sucked skid, etc. rides on the mixed jet water flow, and the excavation material discharge pipe 202 is discharged. Exhausted through.

As described above, in the excavation material discharge device 26, the excavation material suction pipe 201 is connected to the lower portion of the hopper 24, and the rear portion of the excavation material suction pipe 201 is extended to the inside of the machine to extract the excavation material discharge pipe. By connecting to the 202 and installing the mixed air jet pump 206 on the upstream side of the excavated matter discharge pipe 202, the shear accumulated in the hopper 24 is excavated by the negative pressure generated by the mixed air jet pump 206 together with water. The excavated material discharge pipe 202 is sucked through the suction pipe 202 and discharged to the outside, so that the shear can be surely discharged. Further, by arranging the mixed air jet pump 206 in the machine room with a good working environment instead of in the chamber room 23 where the excavated material and dust are scattered, maintenance of the mixed air jet pump 206 can be performed during the excavation work. The maintenance work of the air-fuel mixture jet pump 206 can be safely and efficiently performed.

In the process of excavating the bedrock and excavating and forming the tunnel in this way, if the wall surface of the excavated and formed tunnel is stable, no support is required, but it is slightly unstable and the wall surface is not stable. A ring-shaped H-shaped rope or wooden board is used as a support to protect the tunnel so that the rock fragments do not come off.

When the rock is excavated to form the tunnel, the rear gripper 57 presses against the inner wall surface of the tunnel to hold the rear case 13 immovable, so that each of the parallel link mechanisms 37 can be moved. Thrust jack 34
In the rear body 13, a receives the excavation reaction force to move the front body 11 forward, and the turning cutter head 15 excavates the rock in front. On the other hand, when the ground during excavation of the tunnel changes from the rock layer to the general earth and sand layer, since the inner wall surface of the tunnel is weak, the rear gripper 57 cannot obtain the propulsion reaction force, and therefore the shield jack 59 is installed in the existing segment. At S, the excavation reaction force is obtained to propel the front body 11, the middle body 12, and the rear body 13.

That is, with the spreader 60 of the plurality of shield jacks 59 being pressed against the existing segment S,
By extending the shield jack 59, the main body of the tunnel excavator, that is, the front body 11, the middle body 12, and the rear body 13 is moved forward by the pushing reaction force, and at the same time, the cutter drive motor 20 is driven to drive the cutter head. 15 is turned and the general sand layer is excavated by the disc cutter 17 and the scraper 18. When the excavator main body including the front case 11, the middle case 12, and the rear case 13 moves forward by a predetermined amount, one of the shield jacks 59 is operated in the contracting direction, and the space between the spreader 60 and the existing segment S is increased. A void is formed, and a new segment S is attached to this void by the segment elector device 62.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, an operator screws a hanging fitting 80 onto the segment S carried into the tunnel by a truck (not shown). Then, the slide body 77 of the elector device 62 is moved to position the mounting bracket 78 above the hanging metal fitting 80 fixed to the segment S, and the hanging metal fitting 80 is connected to the mounting bracket 78 by the connecting pin 79. As described above, while the segment S is held by the mounting bracket 78, the hydraulic jack 75 is driven to rotate the movable link 73 to move the movable table 74 up and down, and the hydraulic motor 69 is driven to rotate the rotary ring 66. The movable table 74 is swung by turning, and the held segment S is transferred in the tunnel and assembled at a predetermined position on the inner wall surface of the tunnel. Then, when the segment S is fixed to the inner wall surface of the tunnel, the holding of the segment S is released and the segment S returns to its original position. The tunnel is built by repeating this.

As described above, in the TBM 10 described above, the cutter head 15 is rotated while the tunnel excavator main body (front cylinder 11, middle cylinder 12, rear cylinder 13) is moved forward by the parallel link mechanism 37 or the shield jack 59, and the disc cutter is rotated. By excavating the rock mass with the scraper 17 and the scraper 18, accumulating the shear generated by the rock mass excavation in the hopper 24, and then discharging it to the outside by the discharging device 26, the segment S is mounted on the inner wall surface of the tunnel by the segment erector device 62. , Building a tunnel.

In the TBM 10 described above, the parallel link mechanism 37 includes the six thrust jacks 34a to 34a.
It is composed of 34f, but the number of thrust jacks is 6
The present invention is not limited to the number of books, but may be eight or ten, and in any case, the same effect as the above can be obtained.

Further, in the TBM 10 described above, the parallel link mechanism 37 is used as the propulsion mechanism of the excavator body and the mechanism for changing the excavation direction, but the tunnel excavator of the present invention is not limited to this.

FIG. 10 is a cross section of a tunnel boring machine as a tunnel excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 11 is a cross section taken along the line DD of FIG. 10, and FIG. 12 is applied to this tunnel boring machine. FIG. 13 shows a side view of the portal segment elector device, and FIG. 13 shows a front view of the portal segment elector device.

<Overall structure of tunnel boring machine>
First, the overall configuration of the TBM 110 will be described. This T
In the BM 110, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the excavator main body has a cylindrical front body 111, a middle body 112, and a rear body 113.
It is composed of A bearing 114 is provided at the front of the front body 111.
A cutter head 115 is rotatably mounted on the cutter head 115, and a disk cutter 117 and a scraper 118 are mounted on the front surface of the cutter head 115 by spokes 116. A ring gear 119 is integrally fixed to the rear portion of the cutter head 115, and six cutter turning motors 120 are fixed to the front body 111. A drive gear 121 of the cutter turning motor 120 is attached to the ring gear 119. It is in mesh. Further, the bulkhead 122 is fixed to the front body 111 to form a chamber chamber 123. Then, a hopper 124 for accumulating the offset is disposed in the chamber chamber 123, and a scraping plate 125 is scraped inside the cutter head 115 to scrape up the scrap that has fallen into the chamber chamber 123 and take it into the hopper 124.
Has been fixed. Further, at the lower part of the hopper 124, a discharging device 126 for discharging the scrap accumulated in the hopper 124 to the outside is attached.

Therefore, when the cutter drive motor 120 is driven to rotate the drive gear 121, the ring gear 119 meshing with the drive gear 121 rotates to rotate the cutter head 115, and the disc cutter 117 shears and breaks the rock mass. ,
The scraper 118 scrapes off the excavated surface to excavate the rock mass. Then, the shear generated by excavation falls into the chamber 123, is taken into the chamber 123 by the scraping plate 125, and the shear accumulated in the hopper 124 is discharged to the outside by the discharging device 126.

The middle body 112 is connected to the rear part of the front body 111 so as to be movable in the excavation direction, and the rear body 113 is connected to the rear part of the middle body 112 so as to be swingable. The front torso board 127 fixed to the rear part of the front torso 111 and the rear torso board fixed to the front part of the rear torso 113
Eight thrust jacks 129 as a propulsion mechanism are installed between 128 and 128, and are swingably connected by ball bearings 130 and 131, respectively. Further, two center folding jacks 132 are installed between the front body 111 and the middle body 112.
A reaction force jack 133 that receives a cutter torque is installed between 11 and the rear body 113.

Therefore, by driving the thrust jack 129 to extend the drive rod, the front body 111 having the cutter head 115 can be moved forward with respect to the middle body 112 and the rear body 113. Further, by driving the center folding jack 132 to extend and contract the drive rod, the front body 111 and the middle body 112 having the cutter head 115 can be bent with respect to the rear body 113, and the excavation direction can be changed.

Further, a front gripper 134 and an auxiliary gripper 135 are provided on the front body 111 so as to be movable in the radial direction, and each gripper 134, 135 has a built-in hydraulic jack 13.
Can be driven by 6,137. On the other hand, the rear trunk 113
A rear gripper 138 is provided movably in the radial direction, and the rear gripper 138 can be driven by a built-in hydraulic jack 139.

Further, a plurality of shield jacks 140 are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction on the rear portion of the rear body 113, and a spreader 141 is attached to the tip portion of the drive rod extending rearward. Therefore, when the shield jack 140 is operated to extend the drive rod rearward in the excavation direction, the spreader 141 is pressed against the existing segment S built on the inner circumferential surface of the excavated tunnel, and the reaction force causes the front body 111 to move. Also, the middle body 112 and the rear body 113 can be moved forward.

<Structure of Segment Elector Device> Next,
A segment elector device applied to the TBM 10 will be described. As shown in FIG. 12 and FIG.
The segment erector device 142 mounted on the M110 has a gate shape and is provided on a fixed plate 143 fixed to the rear part of the rear body 113, and the erector device 142 is moved forward by the shield jack 140 to the rear body 113 (excavator). The new segment S is mounted in the space between the main body) and the existing segment S.

That is, eight support rollers 145, which are rotatable by brackets 144, are attached to the fixed plate 143 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. A rotary ring 146 is rotatably supported by these eight support rollers 145. Rotating ring 1
A ring gear 147 having internal teeth is fixed to 46.
The bracket 148 is attached to the fixed plate 143 by a hydraulic motor.
149 is fixed, and the drive gear 15 of this hydraulic motor 149
0 meshes with the inner teeth of the ring gear 147. Therefore, when the hydraulic motor 149 is driven to drive the drive gear 150 to rotate,
The ring gear 147 meshing with the drive gear 150 rotates, and the rotary ring 146 integrated with the ring gear 147 can rotate.

Further, a pair of left and right fixed bases 151 are fixed to the rotary ring 146, and the left and right ends of the U-shaped moving frame body 152 are respectively connected to the fixed bases 151 by the guide rods 153.
Are movably supported by, and can be lifted and lowered by lift jacks 154, respectively. An elevating table 155 is fixed to the center of the moving frame body 152,
A slide body 157 is attached to the slide rod 156 of the lift 155.
Is movably fitted, and a hanging bracket 160 is detachably attached to a mounting bracket 158 fixed to the slide body 157 by a connecting pin 159. In addition, this hanging bracket 1
The lower portion of the 60 has a threaded portion, which is previously screwed into the inner surface of the segment S carried in by a device (not shown). In addition, the mounting bracket 1
Pressing members 161 that are located on both sides of 58 and press the inner surface of the segment S are attached.

Therefore, the sliding member 157 is moved to align with the mounting bracket 158 with respect to the hanging fitting 160 screwed to the segment S, and the hanging fitting 160 is connected to the connecting pin 15.
By connecting to the mounting bracket 158 by means of 9, the segment S can be held. And the lifting jack
When the driving rod 154 is driven to expand and contract, the elevating table 155 moves up and down via the moving frame body 152, and by elevating the elevating table 155, the held segment S can be moved up and down. Further, by driving the hydraulic motor 149 and turning the rotary ring 146 together with the ring gear 147, the held segment S can be moved along the inner wall surface of the tunnel.

<Operation of Tunnel Boring Machine> Here, a case where a rock is excavated by the TBM 110 configured as described above to construct a tunnel will be described.

In order to construct a tunnel by excavating rock mass with the TBM 110 thus constructed, as shown in FIG. 10, the hydraulic jacks 136 and 137 are driven (reduced) and the front gripper 134 and the auxiliary gripper 135 are moved. Front torso
While the 111 is movable, the hydraulic jack 139 is driven (extended) to press each rear gripper 138 against the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel to hold the rear body 113 immovable. In this state, each of the thrust jacks 129 is driven by driving the cutter turning drive motor 120 to rotate the cutter head 115.
And the cutter head 115 is moved forward together with the front body 111. Then, the disc cutter 117 of the rotating cutter head 115 shears and breaks the rock mass, and the scraper 118 scrapes the rock surface to excavate the rock mass. At this time, by expanding and contracting each of the center folding jacks 132, the front body 111 and the middle body 112 are bent with respect to the rear body 113, and the cutter head 115.
The direction of excavation of the tunnel can be changed by changing the direction of.

When each thrust jack 129 is extended by a predetermined stroke, the driving of the thrust jack 129 is stopped, the front gripper 134 and the auxiliary gripper 135 are pushed out and pressed against the inner wall surface of the tunnel, and the front case 11 is held immovable. While pulling the rear gripper 138 back 1
13 is movable. In this state, each thrust jack
By contracting 129, the middle body 112 and the rear body 113 are pulled forward with respect to the front body 111 and moved. Then, in the same manner as described above, the front body 11 is made movable by the front grippers 134 and the auxiliary grippers 135, while the rear body 13 is held immovably by the rear grippers 138, and the thrust heads are driven while rotating the cutter head 15. The rock is excavated by the disk cutter 117 and the scraper 118 by extending the jack 129 and moving the cutter head 115 together with the front body 111 forward. The tunnel is excavated and formed by repeating this process.

This disc cutter 117 and scraper 118
The shear generated by the rock excavation falls into the chamber 123 from the gap of the cutter head 115, and the scraping plate 125 rotating together with the cutter head 115 scrapes up the shear in the chamber 123 and drops it into the hopper 124. Then, the shears that have fallen and accumulated in the hopper 124 are discharged to the outside by the discharging device 126.

That is, the discharging device 126 is the TBM described above.
The structure is almost the same as that of the discharge device 26 mounted on the device 10. As shown in FIG. 1, the high-pressure water supplied through the high-pressure water supply pipe 210 is discharged from above the hopper 24 by the high-pressure water injection nozzle 209. The water that has been sprayed and accumulated in the hopper 24 is filled with water. On the other hand, the high-pressure water supplied to the air-fuel mixture jet pump 206 from the water supply pipe 203 with the flow rate adjustment valve 207 opened is accelerated by the jet nozzle 204 and injected into the excavation discharge pipe 202, and at the same time, the air intake pipe (air Air is sucked in through the suction port) 205. Then, the mixed jet water flow flows in the excavation product discharge pipe 202, and a negative pressure is generated. This negative pressure acts on the hopper 24 via the excavation object suction pipe 201, and the shear in the hopper 24 is sucked together with water,
The sucked skids and the like ride on the mixed jet water flow and are discharged through the excavated matter discharge pipe 202.

By the way, in the process of excavating the bedrock and excavating and forming the tunnel in this way, if the wall surface of the excavated and formed tunnel is stable, no support is required, but it is slightly unstable. To prevent the rock fragments from peeling off from the wall surface, use a ring-shaped H-shaped rope or wooden board as a support to protect the tunnel. Further, when excavating the rock to form a tunnel, if the excavated ground changes from the rock layer to the general sand layer, the shield jack 140 obtains the excavation reaction force at the segment S and the front body 111 and the middle body 112, the rear body 113 is propelled.

That is, with the spreaders 141 of the plurality of shield jacks 140 being pressed against the existing segment S,
By extending the shield jack 140, the pushing reaction force causes the tunnel excavator body, that is, the front body.
111, the middle cylinder 112, and the rear cylinder 113 are moved forward, at the same time, the cutter driving motor 120 is driven to rotate the cutter head 115, and the general sand layer is excavated by the disk cutter 117 and the scraper 118. And the front body 111 and the middle body 112,
When the excavator body composed of the rear body 113 moves forward by a predetermined amount, one of the shield jacks 140 is operated in the contracting direction to form a space between the spreader 141 and the existing segment S, and in this space. A new segment S is mounted by the segment elector device 142.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the operator fixes the hanging metal fittings 160 to the segment S carried into the tunnel by a truck (not shown). Then, the slide body 157 of the erector device 142 is moved to position the mounting bracket 158 above the hanging metal fitting 160 fixed to the segment S, and the hanging metal fitting 160 is connected to the mounting bracket 158 by the connecting pin 159. In this manner, with the mounting bracket 158 holding the segment S, the lifting jack 154 is driven to lift the lifting platform 155 through the moving frame body 152, and the hydraulic motor 149 is driven to rotate the rotating ring 146. By doing so, the elevator 155 is swung, the held segment S is transferred in the tunnel, and is assembled at a predetermined position on the inner wall surface of the tunnel. Then, when the segment S is fixed to the inner wall surface of the tunnel, the holding of the segment S is released and the segment S returns to its original position. The tunnel is built by repeating this.

As described above, in the above-described TBM 110, the cutter head 115 is rotated while the tunnel excavator main body (front cylinder 111, middle cylinder 112, rear cylinder 113) is moved forward by the thrust jack 129 or the shield jack 140, and the disc cutter 117 is rotated. By excavating the rock mass with the scraper 118, accumulating the shear generated by the rock mass excavation in the hopper 124, and then discharging it to the outside by the discharging device 126, the segment S is mounted on the inner wall surface of the tunnel by the segment elector device 142. Building a tunnel.

In each of the above embodiments,
TBM using parallel link mechanism 37 as propulsion means
10 applies the link type segment erector device 62 and uses the shield jack 129 as a propulsion means.
Although the portal segment elector device 142 is applied to the M110, the relationship between the TBM 10 and the segment elector device is not limited to these, and the parallel link mechanism 3 is used.
Gate-type segment erector device 14 for TBM10
2 may be applied.

[0078]

As described above in detail, according to the excavated material discharge device of the present invention, one end of the excavated material suction pipe is connected to the lower portion of the hopper having the excavated material accumulation opening formed in the upper portion. The other end of the excavation suction pipe extends through the partition that divides the chamber into the machine and is connected to the middle of the excavation discharge pipe.The jet pump nozzle is connected to the front of the excavation discharge pipe. Since it is equipped with an air intake port, it is possible to reliably discharge the excavated material to the outside, and the jet pump should be installed in the machine with a good working environment, not in the chamber room where the excavated material and dust are scattered. Therefore, the maintenance of the jet pump and the like can be performed safely and efficiently during the excavation work.

Further, according to the excavated material discharge device of the present invention, since the water supply pipe for supplying water is provided in the hopper, the water level in the hopper is raised by the water supplied from the water supply pipe together with the excavated product, and the jet pump is used. It is possible to improve the suction efficiency of the excavated material.

Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the present invention,
A cutter head is provided at the front of the excavator body to allow it to move forward by a propulsion mechanism, while a digging material suction pipe is connected to the bottom of a hopper that accumulates the digging material, and its end is partitioned into chamber chambers. The end of this excavation product suction pipe is connected to the middle part of the excavation product discharge pipe that extends through the bulkhead and extends into the machine, and the base end part is connected to the water supply pipe. Since the air-fuel mixture jet pump consisting of the nozzle and the air intake port is installed in the machine, the excavated material can be reliably discharged to the outside, and the jet pump can be maintained in a machine with a good environment, and the excavation work efficiency can be improved. Can be improved.

Further, according to the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, the excavated material produced by excavating the bedrock is taken into the hopper, and the water is jetted from the nozzle of the jet pump to form the air-mixed jet water stream, The negative pressure generated by injecting this mixed air jet water flow into the excavation material discharge pipe sucks the excavation material through the excavation material suction pipe, and the suctioned excavation material is placed on the mixed air jet water flow and inside the excavation material discharge pipe. Since it is designed to be discharged from the outside to the outside, it is possible to reliably discharge the excavated material to the outside by the mixed jet water flow, and the maintenance of this jet pump can be performed during the excavation work in an environment-friendly machine. Work efficiency can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an excavated material discharge device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a tunnel boring machine as a tunnel excavator of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a tunnel boring machine.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a parallel link mechanism as a propulsion mechanism.

FIG. 8 is a side view of a link-type segment erector device.

FIG. 9 is a front view of a link-type segment erector device.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a tunnel boring machine as a tunnel excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line DD of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a side view of the portal segment elector device.

FIG. 13 is a front view of a gate-type segment elector device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10,110 Tunnel boring machine 11,111 Front body (tunnel excavator body) 12,112 Middle body (tunnel excavator body) 13,113 Rear body (tunnel excavator body) 15,115 Cutter head 20,120 Cutter turning hydraulic pressure Motor 23,123 Chamber chamber 24,124 Hopper 26,126 Ejector 30 Connection jack 34a-34f Thrust jack 37 Parallel link mechanism 59,140 Shield jack 62 Link type segment erector device 129 Thrust jack 132 Middle folding jack 133 Reaction force jack 142 Gate-shaped segment erector device 24a Integrated opening 201 Excavation suction pipe 202 Excavation discharge pipe 203 Water supply pipe 204 Jet nozzle 205 Air suction pipe 206 Mixed air jet pump 209 High pressure water injection nozzle

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An excavator discharge device for accumulating excavates excavated by the rotation of a cutter head in a hopper inside a chamber chamber and discharging the excavates to the outside by a jet pump mounted in the hopper. One end of the excavation object suction pipe is connected to the lower part of the hopper in which the opening is formed, and the other end of the excavation object suction pipe penetrates through the partition that divides the chamber to extend into the machine to discharge the excavation product. A device for discharging excavated material, which is connected to a middle portion of the pipe, and is provided with a nozzle of the jet pump and an air intake port in a front portion of the excavated material discharging pipe. 2. The excavator discharge device according to claim 1, wherein a water supply pipe for supplying water is provided in the hopper. 3. A tubular excavator main body, a cutter head rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator main body, a propulsion mechanism for advancing the excavator main body, and excavation by the cutter head. A hopper for accumulating the excavated material, and a excavated object suction pipe which is connected to the lower portion of the hopper and has the other end penetrating the partition wall that defines the chamber to extend into the machine.
A drilling material discharge pipe having a base end portion connected to a water supply pipe and the other end portion of the drilling material suction pipe connected to a midway portion, and a nozzle and an air suction port provided in a front portion of the drilling material discharge pipe. A tunnel excavator characterized by having an air-mixed jet pump consisting of. 4. A tunnel excavation method for excavating a rock mass in front to form a tunnel by driving and rotating a cutter head mounted on a front part to form a tunnel. Take the excavated material into the hopper,
By injecting water from the nozzle of the jet pump to create air-mixed jet water flow that has taken in air, and by injecting this air-fuel mixture jet water flow into the excavation material discharge pipe, the negative pressure generated by this air-fuel mixture jet water causes the hopper Sucking the excavated material in the hopper through the excavated material suction pipe connected to,
A tunnel excavation method, characterized in that the suctioned excavation is placed on the mixed jet water flow and discharged from the excavation discharge pipe to the outside.