JPH09131606A - Working device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a working device to make its work process on plural holes set in different coordinates positions of a work set in one jig without making any process change on the jig. SOLUTION: A working unit 3 provided with a boring bar 9 whose upper end is inserted/attached mountably/demountably to/from a main shaft 5 rotatably supported around te vertical shaft line on a spindle head 4 is provided elevatably on a column 2, a pair of upper and lower support heads 31, 32 for supporting the boring bar 9 in the work W machining position are provided on the column 2, and a jig unit 17 is provided for positioning and supporting a work W on the vertical surface of a jig 24 moving in longitudinal and lateral directions in relation to the column 2 for positioning the work in the working position between a pair of upper and lower support heads 31, 32. In addition, a falling- down measuring device 35 for measuring falling-down of a tilt mechanism and the column 2 is provided on the jig 24 so as to correct the vertical surface of the jig 24 for positioning/supporting the work W by following the falling- down of the column 2.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vertical boring machine having a boring bar installed vertically.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A vertical boring machine having a boring bar installed vertically is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-17766. This one supports the work carried by the transfer mechanism to the processing station by a work support mechanism that moves in one direction only forward and backward, and supports the work between a pair of upper and lower boring bar support jigs provided on the column side. The boring bar is moved forward and positioned, and the boring bar is moved downward to be supported by the boring bar supporting jig, so that the boring bar is prevented from bending and vibrating so as to perform boring of the workpiece. It is a thing.

[0003]

By the way, there are cases where a workpiece having a plurality of holes located at different coordinate positions is machined, such as a cylinder block of an engine having a crankshaft hole and a camshaft hole. In such a case,
In the above-described conventional processing apparatus, the work support mechanism moves only in one direction by advancing and retreating, so it cannot be positioned at different coordinates, and it requires jig setup change, making it difficult to ensure accuracy and improving workability. However, there is a problem that the cost is bad.

An object of the present invention is, in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, to machine a plurality of holes located at different coordinate positions of a workpiece set on one jig without changing the jig. It is to provide a processing device that enables the processing.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the gist of the present invention is to provide a main spindle head provided with a column that can be moved up and down and rotatable about a vertical axis. A machining unit consisting of a boring bar detachably attached to the spindle, a pair of upper and lower support heads provided on the column for supporting the boring bar at the machining position of the work, and the work vertical to the jig. A jig unit that is positioned and supported on a surface and is movable in the front-rear and left-right directions with respect to the column and that positions a workpiece at a processing position between the pair of upper and lower support heads is provided. .

Further, in the above construction, the jig is provided with a tilt mechanism, and a tilt measuring device for measuring the tilt of the column and correcting the posture of the jig by following the tilt of the column is provided. .

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2, 1 is a bed, 2
Is a column standing upright on the bed 10, and a processing unit 3 is provided on the column 2 so as to be vertically movable.
A jig unit 17 is provided on the bed 1 so as to be movable in the front-rear and left-right directions with respect to the column 2.

The processing unit 3 has a structure in which a main shaft 5 which is guided up and down by the column 2 and is rotatable around a vertical axis.
And a boring bar 9 whose upper end is detachably attached to the spindle 5, the spindle head 4 is provided with a spindle rotating motor 6, and the column 2 is provided with a machining unit Z. A shaft driving servomotor 7 is provided.

As shown in FIG. 3, the boring bar 9 has an automatic tool changer 10 (hereinafter referred to as ATC) at the upper end thereof, which will be described later.
The upper support guide 9a and the lower support guide 9b, which are supported by the upper support head 31 and the lower support head 32, which will be described later, are provided. A blade 9e is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion 9d between the guide 9a and the lower support guide 9b via a blade holder 9f. The cutting tool 9e is screwed in via a cutting tool holder 9f, and the amount of protrusion of the cutting tool in the radial direction can be adjusted by a cutting tool adjusting device (not shown).

Further, in the boring bar 9, the upper support guide 9 and the lower support guide 9b have a common dimension, but the shaft portion 9d provided with the cutting tool 9e has a plurality of dedicated diameters which differ depending on the machining diameter. It is stored in the unit 10 and is detachably attached to the main shaft 5 by the clamp mechanism 40.

As shown in FIG. 2, the ATC unit 10 is mounted on a support 1 arranged in parallel with a column 2 on a bed 1 and is mounted on a support 11.
The TC main body 12 is supported by the ATC main body X-axis advancing / retracting cylinder 13 so as to be able to move forward and backward with respect to the side of the processing unit 3, and the ATC main body 12 has a large number in the radial direction on the rotating body 14 that is rotated by the indexing motor 16 for indexing. The gripping claw 15 is provided, and the shaft portion 9d provided with the cutting tool 9e on the gripping claw 15 stores the boring bar 9 having a dedicated diameter different depending on the processing diameter.

The upper support head 31 and the lower support head 32 are mounted on the boring bar 9 at the machining position of the work W positioned in the jig unit 17 described later.
The column 2 is provided so as to support the upper support guide 9a and the lower support guide 9b. The upper support head 31 is fixed to the column 2, but the lower support head 32 is guided to the column 2 by a lower support head Z-axis adjusting servomotor 33 (or a cylinder) so as to be lifted and lowered, and the work W The space between the fixed upper support head 31 and the fixed upper support head 31 can be properly adjusted by the size of the vertical direction.

As shown in FIG. 3, the upper support head 31 has an upper support guide 9a for the boring bar 9.
A bush 31a for inserting and supporting the lower support head 32 is rotatably provided through a bearing, and a bush 32a for inserting and supporting the lower support guide 9b of the boring bar 9 is rotatably provided through the bearing. It is provided.

Next, the structure of the jig unit 17 will be described. A fixed table 18 extending in the Y-axis direction of the plane coordinates is fixed on the bed 1 in front of the column 2, and a first slide table 19 extending in the X-axis direction of the plane coordinates is fixed on the fixed table 18. The feed screw 20a and a jig body Y-axis driving servomotor 20 that rotates the feed screw 20a forward and backward are slidably guided in the Y-axis direction (front-back direction with respect to the column 2). The second slide table 22 is mounted on the first slide table 19 in the X-axis direction by the feed screw 23a and the jig body Y-axis driving servomotor 23 that rotates the feed screw 23a forward and backward. The guide is slidable in the front-back direction.

Further, a jig body 24 is provided on the second slide table 22. This jig body 24
The column 2 side has a vertical surface for positioning and supporting the work W, and is provided with a work clamper 30 for clamping the work W carried in via the pallet P on the vertical surface.

The work W is positioned by knock pins (not shown) protruding from the pallet P. Also, work W
An LM guide or the like is used as a slide portion for carrying in and out.
Further, since the position of the work W is usually determined by supporting the work clamper 30 at three points, one on the one side of the jig main body 24 is located at the intermediate portion in the vertical direction, and the other side is provided with two top and bottom. Are arranged.

The jig body 24 may be fixed on the second slide table 22 with the vertical plane for positioning and supporting the work W parallel to the column 2, but it is preferable that the jig body 24 be tiltable. . This is because the posture of the jig main body 24, that is, the vertical plane for positioning and supporting the workpiece W of the jig main body 24 can be corrected by following the tilt of the column 2 to further improve the processing accuracy.

In this tilt mechanism, a semi-circular shaft member 25 is fixed in the front of the second slide table 22 in the X-axis direction, and a semi-circular recess is fitted in the shaft member 25 of the jig body 24. Is provided, and the jig main body 24 can tilt back and forth around the X axis with the axis of the shaft member 25 as the swing center 0.

A swinging mechanism of the jig body 24 for correcting the jig body 24 tilted back and forth around the X-axis by the tilt mechanism so as to follow the tilt of the column 2 is fixed to the rear end portion of the second slide table 22. A jig body X-axis swing servo motor 26 is provided, and a ball screw 27 that rotates forward and backward by the jig body X-axis swing servo motor 26 is installed in the vertical direction.
A nut 28 is screwed onto the ball screw 27, an engaging protrusion 29 projecting from the rear end of the jig body 24 is engaged with the nut 28, and the nut is moved vertically by forward and reverse rotation of the ball screw 27. 28, the jig main body 24 is tilted back and forth around the X axis via the engagement protrusion 29.

Further, the second slide table 22 is provided with a jig body clamp cylinder 37 for clamping the jig body 24 tilted back and forth around the X axis at a position corrected by following the tilt of the column 2.

The jig main body 24 is provided with a tilt measuring device 35 for the column 2 for correcting the jig main body 24 by following the tilt of the column 2. This tilt measuring device 35
Is located above and below the vertical plane of the jig body 24 that positions and supports the workpiece W facing the tip surfaces 38 and 39 of the upper support head 31 and the lower support head 32. The configuration is such that a measurement head 34a such as a differential transformer having a contactor 33a that abuts on the tip end surface of the head 32 is provided, and tip end surfaces 38, 39 of the upper support head 31 and the lower support head 32 are provided.
With the reference surface as the reference surface, the contact position is detected by the amount of deviation from the reference position by the upper and lower contacts 33a.

A work end face measuring device 36 for contacting the vertical end face of the work W positioned and supported by the jig body 24 and measuring the work end face position is arranged in the column 2. The work end surface measuring device 36 corrects the tilt of the jig body 24 and then corrects the work end surface position from the end surface position measurement data of the work W.

The processing unit 3 and the jig unit 17
Each servo motor is numerically controlled by a motor drive device which is controlled based on a command from the numerical control device. The circuit configuration will be described with reference to FIG. Reference numeral 41 denotes a numerical controller, which includes a central processing unit 42, a memory 43, an interface 44 connected to an input / output device 45, drive circuits 47 to 50, an upper support head end face position detection unit 35a, and a lower support head. The end face position detection unit 35b and the work end face detection unit 36a are connected to an interface 46.

Further, each servo motor 7, 20, 23, 2
The absolute positions of the processing unit 3 and the jig unit 17 driven by 6 are the encoders 7b, 20b, 23.
b, 26b, and the detection signal is fed back to the motor drive circuits 47, 48, 49, 50 for position feedback control and input to the numerical controller 41.

Next, the operation of the device of the present invention having the above configuration will be described. The work W to be bored is, for example, a cylinder block of an engine having a crankshaft hole H1 and a camshaft hole H2 having different diameters and located at different coordinate positions. The work W is positioned and supported on the jig body 24 with the cylinder head mounting surface W1 side shown in FIG. 3 as the tip surface facing the column 2 side and the oil pan mounting surface W2 side as the jig body 24 side.

By numerically controlling the first slide table 19 and the second slide table 22 having the double slide structure of the jig unit 17, the jig body 24 is moved in the X-Y axis directions of the plane coordinates. Then, the work W is moved to the machining position between the upper support head 31 and the lower support head 32, and the crankshaft hole H1 of the work W is moved.
Is provisionally positioned. The position of this temporary positioning is such that the axis of the boring bar 9 and the center of the crankshaft hole H1 are eccentric, and when the boring bar 9 is inserted into the crankshaft hole H1, the protruding tool 9e and crank It is a position where it does not interfere with the shaft hole H1.

In this state, the machining unit 3, that is, the spindle head 4 is moved down to lower the boring bar 9,
The lower support guide 9b is inserted into the crankshaft hole H1 and the lower support guide 9b is attached to the bush 32a of the lower support head 32.
The upper support guide 9a is inserted into and supported by the bush 31a of the upper support head 31.

Next, after the jig unit 17 is properly positioned at a position where the axis of the boring bar 9 and the center of the crankshaft hole H1 coincide with each other, the jig body 24 is moved to the column 2 based on the measurement data of the tilt measuring device 35. Corrects by following the fall of.

As the correction, the difference between the measurement data detected by the contact of the upper and lower contacts 33a of the tilt measuring device 35 with the tip surfaces 38 and 39 of the upper support head 31 and the lower support head 32 is detected. Based on this, a correction amount for making the difference between the upper and lower measurement data zero is calculated, and based on this correction amount, the jig motor X-axis swing servomotor 2
The correction command is output to 6. This allows the ball screw 27
Is rotated, the nut 28 moves by a predetermined amount, and the jig body 24
Is swung around the swing center 0, and the posture of the jig body 24, that is, the vertical plane for positioning and supporting the workpiece W of the jig body 24 is corrected following the tilt of the column 2, and the boring bar 9 Is parallel to the axis of the crankshaft hole H1.

With the posture of the jig body 24 corrected, the jig body clamp cylinder 37 is operated to hold the corrected position.

Next, the end surface position of the work W, that is, the position of the cylinder head mounting surface W1 of the work W is measured by the work end surface measuring device 36, and the position of the work end surface position is corrected based on the measured data. Here, the position of the center of the crankshaft hole H1 is corrected with reference to the cylinder head mounting surface W1 that has been processed in the previous step.

As for the position correction of this work end face position,
The deviation amount from the reference position is detected, and based on this deviation amount, the jig body Y is adjusted so that this deviation amount becomes a predetermined deviation amount.
A correction command (correction amount that makes the difference between the deviation amount and the predetermined deviation amount 0) is output to the axis driving servomotor 20. As a result, the crankshaft hole H is moved from the workpiece end surface position to the predetermined position.
Workpiece positioning for performing the machining 1 is performed.

In this state, the spindle rotating motor 6 is rotationally driven, and the machining unit Z-axis driving servomotor 7 is operated by the feed command from the numerical control device 41 to move the spindle head 4 upward by a predetermined amount. , Cutting tool 9 of boring bar 9
The crankshaft hole H1 is processed by e.

Next, the rotation of the spindle is stopped, the spindle 5 is indexed to a predetermined position, and the work W is returned to the temporary positioning position again.
To move. In this state, the spindle head 4 is lifted to the tool exchange position indicated by the solid line in FIG.

On the other hand, the jig unit 17 side tentatively positions the cam shaft hole H2 in the above-described manner for machining the cam shaft hole H2, which is the next machining hole. On the other hand, on the spindle head 4 side,
Tool exchange between the boring bar 9 for processing the crank shaft hole H1 and the boring bar 9 for processing the cam shaft hole H2 is performed.

This tool exchange is performed by moving the ATC body 12 forward toward the spindle head 4 so that the holding claw 15 on the ATC unit 10 side has the boring bar 9 machined with the crankshaft hole H1 mounted on the spindle 5. The grip portion 9c is gripped. Then, the pull stud of the boring bar 9 is unclamped, the spindle head 4 is raised to the rising end position shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1, and the boring bar 9 is pulled out from the spindle 5.

On the ATC body 12 side, the indexing motor 1
6 is operated to rotate the rotating body 14 to index the boring bar 9 for machining the camshaft hole H2 to the tool exchange position. In this state, the spindle head 4 is lowered to the tool exchange position indicated by the solid line in FIG. 1, the boring bar 9 is clamped on the spindle 5, and the ATC body 12 is moved backward afterwards, thereby completing the tool exchange operation.

Then, the spindle head 4 is lowered again, the jig unit 17 is provisionally positioned in the same manner as the crankshaft hole H1, and the lower support guide 9b of the boring bar 9 for processing the camshaft hole H2 is moved downward. The upper support guide 9a is inserted into and supported by the bush 32a of the support head 32, and the upper support guide 9a is inserted into and supported by the bush 31a of the upper support head 31, and the jig unit 17 is positioned at a position where the axis of the boring bar 9 and the center of the cam shaft hole H2 coincide. Position, the machining unit Z-axis driving servomotor 7 is operated to move the spindle head 4 upward by a predetermined amount, and the cutting tool 9 of the boring bar 9 is moved.
The cam shaft hole H2 is machined by e. When machining the camshaft hole H2, the operation of correcting the posture of the jig body 24 by following the tilt of the column 2 may be omitted.

In the above-described embodiment of the present invention, since the tilt correction of the column 2 is performed and then the work end face position correction is performed, the pitch from the work end face to the boring bar 9 can be made constant. . Therefore, the work W
Is a cylinder block, cylinder head mounting surface W1
By improving the pitch accuracy up to the crankshaft hole H1,
Variation in compression ratio can be suppressed.

Further, this is very easy and highly accurate as compared with the conventional case where the pitch accuracy is secured by machining the cylinder head mounting surface W1 after machining the crankshaft hole. It is possible. That is, when machining the cylinder head mounting surface based on the crankshaft hole as in the conventional case, it is extremely difficult to ensure the accuracy in positioning the work for machining the cylinder head mounting surface after machining the crankshaft hole. However, according to the present invention, a simple structure in which the work end surface measuring device 36 is provided on the column 2 side is added, and the cranking is performed on the basis of the cylinder head mounting surface W1 which has been previously machined in the previous process. By processing the shaft hole H1, it is possible to easily ensure the pitch accuracy from the cylinder head mounting surface W1 to the crank shaft hole H1.

In the embodiments of the present invention described above, the machining cycle for performing column tilt compensation and workpiece end face position compensation has been described. In addition to the above-mentioned configuration, the workpiece machining hole diameter measuring device after machining and the boring bar are also provided. It is also possible to provide a cutting tool automatic projecting device, the hole diameter is measured by the workpiece machining hole diameter measuring device after the machining of the work, the projection of the cutting tool is corrected based on the measurement data, and the next work is machined.

In addition to the structure in which the jig body 24 can swing about the X axis, the jig body 24 also swings about the Z axis, and tilt measurement is performed on the front surface and both side surfaces of the jig body 24. You may make it measure at a point. According to this, the axial direction of the boring bar 9 and the axial direction of the processing holes (crank shaft hole H1, cam shaft hole H2) can be more accurately matched.

[0043]

As described above, according to the present invention, in the structure described in claim 1, it is possible to prevent the bending of the boring bar in the radial direction with high precision and to increase the rotation speed of the machining with high efficiency. In addition to the advantage that machining can be performed, the workpiece can be accurately positioned at any position with respect to the support center of the support head, so it is possible to adjust the coaxiality without changing the hole machining for workpieces with machining holes located at different coordinates. It is possible to perform mass production processing with high accuracy, and it is possible to easily deal with many kinds of works.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the tilt of the column is measured, and the attitude of the jig body is corrected based on the measured data, so that both axes of the boring bar and the machined hole are aligned. Machining can always be performed, and highly precise machining can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a processing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a hole drilling state.

FIG. 4 is a control circuit diagram of a processing apparatus according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 bed 2 column 3 machining unit 4 spindle head 5 spindle 6 motor for spindle rotation 7 machining unit servo motor for Z-axis drive 9 boring bar 10 automatic tool changer 17 jig unit 18 fixed table 19 first slide table 20 jig body Y-axis drive servo motor 22 Second slide table 23 Jig body Y-axis drive servo motor 24 Jig body 26 Jig body X-axis swing servo motor 31 Upper support head 32 Lower support head 35 Tilt measuring device 36 Work end face measuring device

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A machining unit comprising a spindle head provided on a column so as to be vertically movable and provided with a spindle rotatable around a vertical axis, and a boring bar having an upper end detachably mounted on the spindle, and a workpiece. A pair of upper and lower support heads provided on the column to support the boring bar at the machining position, and the work is positioned and supported on the vertical plane of the jig, and is movable in the front-rear and left-right directions with respect to the column. And a jig unit for positioning a work at a processing position between the pair of upper and lower support heads. 2. A tilt mechanism is provided on the jig, and
The processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a tilt measuring device that measures a tilt of the column and corrects the posture of the jig by following the tilt of the column.