JPH09115608A - Card connector with ejection mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ejection mechanism with high vibration resistant performance by electrically connecting an outer electrode on a card side to a body side contact without rubbing of the body side contact against the surface of a card when the card is inserted, and releasing the connection of the outer electrode to the body side contact without rubbing of the body side contact against the surface of the card when the card is ejected. SOLUTION: When a card lifter 7 is moved to a card set position, body side contacts, or contacts 91... of a contact unit 9 are elastically brought into contact with a plurality of outer electrodes of a card held in the card lifter 7 to electrically connect them. When a neck part 67a fits to an evacuation space 65, the neck part 67a is held so as not to move in the evacuation space 65, an operation lever 6 cannot rotate, and the card lifter 7 is positioned in the card set position with the operation lever 6. When a slider 4 is moved from a retreat position to an advance position, the slider 4 is pushed out from a card inserting port 31. The central part in the width direction of the card is pushed with the slider 4, and the card is smoothly ejected.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a card connector with an ejection mechanism, and more particularly to a card connector with an ejection mechanism having a function of ejecting a card arranged at a card set position by the action of the ejection mechanism.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional example of a card connector with a discharging mechanism is described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-76690. According to this, the contact on the body side protrudes into the card insertion path provided in the body of the connector, and when the card is inserted into the card insertion path, the contact contacts the card and then rubs against the surface of the card. While finally making elastic contact with the external electrodes on the surface of the card.

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional example, the external electrodes are provided at a plurality of positions on the surface of the card in the card insertion direction, or a plurality of body side contacts are provided side by side in the card insertion direction. In such a case, when the card is inserted or ejected, it is inevitable that the card-side external electrodes and the body-side contact that do not correspond to each other are short-circuited. Therefore, the above-described conventional card connector with an ejection mechanism should be adopted when there is a possibility that an electronic component such as an IC will be damaged if a short circuit occurs between external electrodes on the card side and contacts on the body side that do not correspond to each other. There was a problem that I could not do it.

The present invention has been made in view of this problem, and when the card is inserted or ejected, the external electrodes on the card side and the contacts on the body side that are in contact with each other are separated from each other, and they correspond to each other. An object of the present invention is to provide a card connector with an ejection mechanism having a function of preventing external electrodes on the non-card side from contacting with contacts on the body side (hereinafter, this function is referred to as a hot-line contact / separation function).

It is another object of the present invention to provide a card connector with an ejecting mechanism, which provides a good feeling of operation when inserting or ejecting a card and has a convenient ejecting mechanism.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a card connector with an ejecting mechanism that allows the card to be ejected smoothly without being pushed by the ejecting mechanism.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a card connector with a discharging mechanism which is excellent in vibration resistance.

[0008]

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a card connector with an ejection mechanism, which has a body having a card insertion opening and a card insertion guide capable of holding a card. Inserted into the card lifter, a card lifter that can move freely between the card set position and the standby position while facing the card insertion opening of the body, the first spring body that constantly biases the card lifter toward the card set position It moves backward by being pushed by the card that has been pushed, and it moves between the forward position that supports the card lifter and supports it at the card set position and the retracted position that allows the card lifter to move from the standby position to the card set position. A retractable slider, a second spring body that constantly urges the slider toward the forward position, and a card lifter provided on the body to cover the card lifter. It has a body side contact that is elastically contacted with the external electrode of the card held by the card lifter when it moves to the doss set position, and a rotation fulcrum at the middle portion in the longitudinal direction, and the rear end portion is the above card. An operation lever, which is connected to the lifter and has an operation portion at its tip, is provided.

In the card connector with the ejection mechanism constructed as described above, when the slider moves to the forward position to support the card lifter at the standby position, the card passes through the card insertion opening of the body and the card of the card lifter is inserted. Inserted in the insertion guide. Then, when the slider is pushed by the card inserted through the card insertion guide and moves backward to the retracted position, the card lifter moves from the standby position to the card set position due to the bias of the first spring body. Therefore, the body side contact elastically contacts the external electrode of the card held by the card insertion guide, and the two are electrically conducted. Therefore, the card-side external electrode and the body-side contact are electrically connected without rubbing the body-side contact with the surface of the card. As described above, when the card lifter holding the card moves from the standby position to the card setting position, the operation lever rotates about the rotation fulcrum accordingly.

Next, when the operating lever is returned to its original position by rotating the operating portion around the rotation fulcrum, the card lifter moves from the card setting position to the standby position. Then, the external electrode of the card held by the card lifter separates from the body side contact.
Therefore, the external contact on the card side is separated from the contact on the body side and the electrical connection is released without rubbing the contact on the body side on the surface of the card. Then, when the card lifter moves to the card set position, the slider moves from the retracted position to the advanced position by the urging force of the second spring body, and supports the card lifter at the card set position.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the card lifter holding the card moves from the standby position to the card setting position as described above, so that the body side contact does not rub against the surface of the card and hits the external electrode of the card. In addition, when the card lifter moves from the card setting position to the standby position, the body side contact is separated from the external electrode of the card without rubbing against the surface of the card.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the slider is movable back and forth between a forward position and a backward position at a widthwise central portion of a card inserted into the card lifter. . By adopting this configuration, when the card is ejected, the central portion of the card in the width direction is pushed by the slider urged by the second spring body and ejected, so that the card is partially pushed. It is discharged smoothly without any.

According to the third aspect of the invention, the retracted position of the slider is preferably a position where the slider urged by the second spring body hits the rear edge of the card lifter and is locked. If this configuration is adopted, it is not necessary to provide any special means for restricting the retracted position of the slider. Moreover, when the slider reaches the retracted position, the card lifter is momentarily moved from the standby position to the card set position by the bias of the first spring body, and the card lifter is moved from the card set position to the standby position. At this time, the slider momentarily moves from the retracted position to the advanced position by the urging force of the second spring body, and the impact at that time is transmitted to the hand through the operation portion of the card or the operation lever, and when the card is inserted or ejected. A good feeling of operation can be obtained.

According to the fourth aspect of the invention, a swing fulcrum is provided at the front end of the card lifter, and the card lifter is movable about the swing fulcrum between the card setting position and the standby position. Is desirable. With this configuration, compared to the case where the swing fulcrum is provided at the intermediate portion in the front-rear direction of the card lifter, the movement width of the card lifter between the standby position and the card setting position is set for the length of the card lifter. It is possible to secure a large opening, and when the card moves between the standby position and the card setting position, the beginning of the card insertion guide surely faces the card insertion opening of the body, and the beginning of the card insertion guide is The inconvenience of being displaced from the card insertion slot does not occur.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when the operation portion of the operation lever is provided on the side of the card insertion opening provided in the body, the operation portion of the operation lever is operated to open the card. When ejecting, the operation position of the operation unit and the withdrawal position of the ejected card are close to each other, which improves usability.

In this case, as in the invention according to claim 6, L is provided with a retreat space and an operation space connected to the retreat space at the side of the card insertion slot provided in the body.
An L-shaped opening is provided, and the operation lever is inserted into the L-shaped opening in a state where the front rod portion between the operation portion and the rotation fulcrum is elastically biased in a direction to enter the retreat space of the L-shaped opening. In addition, when the front rod is fitted in the operation space of the L-shaped opening, the operation lever becomes rotatable as the card lifter moves between the card setting position and the standby position, and the card lifter is rotated. Is arranged in the card setting position, the front rod portion is configured to fit in the retracting portion of the L-shaped opening, and when the front rod portion is fitted in the retracting space of the L-shaped opening, the operation is performed. It is desirable that the front rod portion be configured to be held in the retracted space so that the lever cannot rotate.

With this structure, when the card lifter moves to the card setting position and the external electrode of the card is elastically contacting the contact on the body side, the front of the operation lever fitted in the retracted space of the L-shaped opening. Since the rod is held in the retracted space so that the operating lever cannot rotate, the card lifter connected to the rear end of the operating lever is positioned at the card setting position by the operating lever. Therefore, even if vibration is applied to the card connector, the connection between the external electrode of the card and the body side contact is not damaged.

In the hot-line contact / separation function described above, as in the invention according to claim 7, the external electrodes of the card are arranged at a plurality of positions on the surface of the card, and the contacts corresponding to these external electrodes are connected to the body. It is excellently exhibited in a card connector with a discharge mechanism provided on the side.

[0019]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a card connector with an ejection mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention separately for a connector main portion 1 side and a wiring board 2 side attached to the connector main portion 1. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view, and FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the connector main portion 1 side. Further, FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a main part of the card connector with the ejection mechanism.

As shown in FIG. 2, the connector main portion 1 has a body 3 made of a synthetic resin molded body having electrical insulation properties.
The body 3 has a horizontally long rectangular shape in a front view, and has a horizontally long card insertion opening 31 at its front end, and when a card (not shown) is pulled out at the center of the card insertion opening 31. A recess 32 is formed which serves as a fitting margin for the finger. Further, a frame portion 33 is provided at the center position of the rear end portion of the body 3, and the spring bearing portion 41 of the slider 4 is slidably fitted into the frame portion 33 in the front-rear direction (indicated by arrow A). . A second spring body 5 formed of a coil spring is provided between the spring receiving portion 41 and the spring receiving seat 34 of the frame portion 33, and the slider 4 projects from the frame portion 33 by the second spring body 5. It is always urged in the forward direction at the open position. The inclined guide surface 4 is provided at the front end of the slider 4.
2 is equipped.

An opening 35 is formed in the center of the body 3, and a pedestal portion 36 is provided at a position in front of the opening 35, that is, at a position near the card insertion opening 31. Both ends of the pedestal portion 36 in the width direction. Bearing recesses 37, 37 are formed in each of the portions in a circular arc shape. Further, a partition wall 38 is provided at a side portion of the opening 35 and the pedestal portion 36 so as to cut the body 3 substantially vertically.
8, the supporting piece 39, from the proper position on the side of the body 3,
39 is projected.

The operation lever 6 is provided between the partition wall 38 and the support pieces 39, 39. The operating lever 6 is formed by bending a metal plate having a spring property, and as shown in FIG. 3, a pivot fulcrum 61 is provided at an intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction thereof, and a rear end portion thereof is provided. A long hole 62 that is long in the longitudinal direction is opened. Further, an operation unit 63 is provided at the tip. The rotation fulcrum 61 is configured by swingably pin-connecting the longitudinal intermediate portion of the operation lever 6 to the body 3 side.

On the other hand, an L-shaped opening 64 is provided at the side of the card insertion opening 31 at the front end of the body 3. The L-shaped opening 64 is provided in the evacuation space 6 that is long in the horizontal direction.
5 and an operation space 66 that extends vertically from the end of the retreat space 65 (see FIGS. 4 to 8). Then, as can be seen from FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the partition wall 38 and the supporting piece portions 39, 3 are formed.
The operating portion 6 of the operating lever 6 fitted between the
3 and the rotation fulcrum 61, specifically, the front rod portion 67, specifically, a portion of the front rod portion 67 which is closest to the operation portion 63 (hereinafter, referred to as the neck portion 67.
a) is inserted into the L-shaped opening 64, and the operating portion 6
3 is provided on the side of the card insertion slot 31. The operation space 66 of the L-shaped opening 64 is the operation space 66.
When the neck portion 67a of the operation lever 6 is inserted, the neck portion 67a is provided at a position where the neck portion 67a elastically contacts the wall surface of the operation space 66 on the card insertion port 31 side due to the elasticity of the operation lever 6 itself. Furthermore, the vertical width of the retreat space 65 of the L-shaped opening 64 is substantially the same as the vertical width of the neck 67a. Therefore, when the neck portion 67a of the operation lever 6 reaches the upper end portion of the operation space 66 of the L-shaped opening 64, the operation lever 6
Due to its elasticity, the neck portion 67a is fitted into the retreat space 65, is held so as not to move up and down in the retreat space 65, and the operation lever 6 becomes unrotatable.

In FIG. 2, 7 is a card lifter. The card lifter 7 is made of metal, has projections 71, 71 having arcuate end faces on both sides of the front end, and spring receiving pieces 72, 72 on both sides of the rear end. Also, on both sides of the card lifter 7, side walls 73 extending over substantially the entire length,
73, and the card receiving pieces 74, 74 are bent on the front half portions of the side walls 73, 73. In the card lifter 7 having this structure, the side walls 73, 73 and the card receiving pieces 74, 74 serve as a card insertion guide 75 for holding the card by restricting the position of the card (not shown) only in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. Be useful. Also, the side wall 7
3, 73 serve as a guide for regulating the position of the card in the left-right direction.

In the card lifter 7, the rear end of the operation lever 6 is formed by loosely fitting an engaging piece 76 protruding laterally at its rear end into the elongated hole 62 of the operation lever 6. Further, the projecting pieces 71, 71 are mounted on the bearing recesses 37, 37 of the pedestal portion 36 provided on the body 3 in a fitting manner. This makes the card lifter 7
Is a rocking fulcrum P where the protrusions 71, 71 and the bearing recesses 37, 37 are fitted to each other, and the rear end side of the rocking fulcrum P can be moved up and down.
Even if the rear end side moves up and down about the swing fulcrum P, the beginning of the card insertion guide 75 remains facing the card insertion opening 31 of the body 1.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, when the rear end of the card lifter 7 moves upward about the swing fulcrum P, the operating portion 63 of the operating lever 6 moves downward about the pivot fulcrum 61 and reversely. When the rear end of the card lifter 7 moves downward around the swing fulcrum P, the operating portion 6 of the operating lever 6 is moved.
3 moves upward around the rotation fulcrum 61. The position when the rear end of the card lifter 7 moves downward is the card setting position, and the position when the rear end of the card lifter 7 moves upward is the standby position.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 8 is a cover. The cover 8 is attached to the body 1 as shown in FIG. 1 to cover the card lifter 7. Further, the first spring bodies 77, 77 made of coil springs are interposed between the rear end portion of the cover 8 and the spring receiving pieces 72, 72 of the card lifter 7.
The card lifter 7 is constantly urged toward the card set position side by the spring bodies 77, 77.

Here, the slider 4 is movable back and forth between the forward position and the backward position at the widthwise center of the card inserted into the card lifter 7, and the forward position of the slider 4 is also possible. Is before the rear end edge 78 of the card lifter 7, and the retracted position of the slider is a position where the slider 4 abuts against the rear end edge 78 of the card lifter 7 and is locked.

In FIG. 1, a contact unit 9 and other necessary electronic parts, electric parts, etc. are mounted on a wiring board 2. The contact unit 9 has a large number (plurality) of contacts 91 ... These contact points 91 ... Are many (plural) provided on the surface of the card.
It corresponds to each external electrode. Then, the wiring board 2 is attached to the body 3 so that the contact unit 9 fits into the opening 35 of the body 3.

In this card connector with a discharging mechanism, the discharging mechanism is constituted by the above-mentioned card lifter 7, slider 4, first spring bodies 77, 77, second spring body 5, and operating lever 6. There is.

The operation of the card connector with the ejection mechanism constructed as described above will be described mainly with reference to FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 4, when the slider 4 is moved to the forward position by the biasing force of the second spring body 5 and supports the rear end of the card lifter 7, the card lifter 7 is moved by the first spring body 77. It is held in the standby position against the bias of. At this time, the card is inserted into the card insertion guide 75 of the card lifter 7 through the card insertion opening 31.

As shown in FIG. 5, the slider 4 is pushed by the end portion of the card C inserted through the card insertion guide 31 as indicated by the arrow a, and the slider 4 is retracted while supporting the card lifter 7 as indicated by the arrow b. Moving. When the slider 4 reaches the retracted position, that is, the rear end edge 78 of the card lifter 7 as shown in FIG. 6, the support state of the card lifter by the slider 4 is released, so that the first spring body 77 urges at that moment. The card lifter 7 momentarily moves from the standby position to the card setting position around the swing fulcrum P as shown by an arrow c,
The impact at that time is transmitted to the hand of the operator pushing in the card C as a good operation feeling. Then, when the card lifter 7 moves to the card setting position, a plurality of external electrodes (not shown) of the card C held by the card lifter 7 have body-side contacts, that is, contact units 9
Contact points 91 ... Are elastically contacted with each other, and they are electrically conducted. At this time, the body side contacts 91 ... Do not rub against the surface of the card C, and the external electrodes of the card C contact only the corresponding body side contacts 91.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, when the card lifter 7 holding the card C as described above moves from the standby position to the card setting position around the swing fulcrum P as shown by the arrow mark c, it follows that. The operating lever 6 is a pivot 6
1 and the neck portion 67a of the operating lever 6 is rotated in the operation space 6 of the L-shaped opening 64 as shown by an arrow d in FIGS.
After moving up 6, the elastic force of the operating lever 6 itself fits into the retracted space 65 as indicated by the arrow e in FIG. When the neck portion 67a is fitted into the retracted space 65 in this manner, the neck portion 67a
Is held in the retreat space 65 so as not to move and the operation lever 6 cannot rotate, so that the card lifter 7 is positioned at the card setting position by the operation lever 7. Therefore, the connection between the external electrode of the card C and the body side contact 91 is not impaired by vibration or the like.

Next, when the operating portion is operated as indicated by arrows f and g in FIG. 7 to move the neck portion 67a from the retracted space 65 of the L-shaped opening 64 to the operating space 66 and push it down, the operating lever 6 is moved.
Rotates about a rotation fulcrum 61 (see FIG. 3), and in response to this, the card lifter resists the bias of the first spring body 77 and moves from the card setting position to the standby position as indicated by arrow h. Be moved. As a result, the external electrode of the card C held by the card lifter 7 separates from the body side contact 91 and the electrical connection is released, and at the same time, the slider 4 moves the second spring body as indicated by the arrow i in FIG. The urging force of 5 instantaneously moves from the retracted position to the advanced position to support the card lifter 7 at the card setting position. At this time, the shock caused by the momentary movement of the slider 4 is transmitted to the operator's hand as a good operation feeling via the operation lever 6. The slider 4
When is moved from the retracted position to the advanced position, the slider 4 pushes the card C out of the card insertion slot 31 as indicated by arrow j. In this case, since the central portion of the card C in the width direction is pushed by the slider 4, the card C is smoothly discharged without being pushed by one side.

The card connector with the ejection mechanism of the present invention is
It is not limited to the illustrated example. For example, as the means for moving the card lifter 7 between the standby position and the card setting position, it is possible to adopt a means for moving the card lifter 7 in parallel up and down. However, in such a case, it is necessary to move the card insertion opening 31 together with the card lifter 7, so that the structure becomes complicated as compared with the illustrated example.

In the card connector with the ejection mechanism according to the above-described embodiment, the operation portion 63 of the operation lever 6 is provided with the card insertion opening 3.
Since the card C is disposed on the side of No. 1, when the card C is ejected by operating the operation unit 63 of the operation lever 6, the operation position of the operation unit 63 and the withdrawal position of the ejected card C are close to each other. Therefore, it is easy to use.

[0038]

According to the card connector with the ejection mechanism of the first aspect of the present invention, when the card is inserted, the external electrode on the card side and the body side contact are electrically connected to each other without rubbing the body side contact on the surface of the card. Even when the card is connected and the card is discharged, the external contact on the card side is separated from the contact on the body side and the electrical connection is released without rubbing the contact on the body side against the surface of the card, thereby exhibiting a hot-line separation function. Therefore, as in the invention according to claim 7, in a card connector with an ejection mechanism in which a plurality of body side contacts are provided corresponding to the external electrodes arranged at a plurality of positions on the surface of the card, There is no room for inconveniences due to short-circuiting between the external electrodes of the card and the body-side contacts that do not correspond to each other when the card is inserted or ejected.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the card is ejected, the card can be ejected smoothly without being pushed by one side.

According to the third aspect of the invention, the effect that a good operation feeling can be obtained at the time of card insertion or card ejection is exhibited.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to secure a large moving width of the card lifter for the length of the card lifter with a simple structure, and moreover, the starting portion of the card insertion guide is the card of the body. There is an advantage that it can surely face the insertion opening.

According to the invention of claim 5, it is possible to provide a card connector with a discharging mechanism which is easy to use, and according to the invention of claim 6, a card connector with a discharging mechanism excellent in vibration resistance is provided. There is an advantage that it becomes possible to provide.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a card connector with an ejection mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention separately on a connector main body side and a wiring board 2 side.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a connector main portion side.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a main part of a card connector with a discharging mechanism.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the operation of the ejection mechanism when a card is not inserted.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the ejection mechanism during card insertion.

FIG. 6 is an operation explanatory view of the ejection mechanism when the card lifter is moved to the card setting position by inserting the card.

FIG. 7 is an operation explanatory view of the ejection mechanism in the middle of moving the card lifter from the card setting position to the standby position by operating the operation lever.

FIG. 8 is an operation explanatory view of the ejection mechanism when the card is ejected from the card lifter that has reached the card setting position.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3 Body 4 Slider 5 Second Spring Body 6 Operation Lever 7 Card Lifter 31 Card Insertion Port 61 Rotation Support Point 63 Operation Part 64 L-shaped Opening 65 Retreat Space 66 Operation Space 67 Front Rod Part 75 Card Insertion Guide 77 First Spring Body 91 Contact (contact on the body side) P Swing fulcrum C card

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A body having a card insertion opening, and a card insertion guide capable of holding a card and having a card setting position and a standby position with the beginning of the card insertion guide facing the card insertion opening of the body. The card lifter that can move freely between the two, the first spring body that constantly urges the card lifter toward the card set position, and the card inserted into the card lifter moves backward and supports the card lifter. The slider that can be moved back and forth between the forward position that supports the card set position and the retracted position that allows the card lifter to move from the standby position to the card set position, and the slider that constantly urges the slider toward the forward position. 2 The spring body and the card lifter provided on the body are held by the card lifter when it moves to the card set position. An operating lever that has a body-side contact that makes elastic contact with the external electrode of the existing card and a rotation fulcrum in the longitudinal middle part, and that has a rear end connected to the card lifter and an operation part provided at the front end. And a card connector with an ejection mechanism. 2. The card connector with an ejection mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the slider is capable of retracting between an advancing position and a retracting position in a widthwise central portion of the card inserted into the card lifter. 3. The retracted position of the slider is a position where the slider biased by the second spring body hits a rear end edge of the card lifter and is locked.
Card connector with ejection mechanism described in. 4. A swing support point is provided at a front end of the card lifter, and the card lifter is movable between a card setting position and a standby position about the swing support point. 2. A card connector with an ejection mechanism according to claim 2. 5. The operating portion of the operating lever is provided on a side portion of a card insertion slot provided in the body.
Card connector with ejection mechanism described in. 6. An L-shaped opening having a retreat space and an operation space connected to the retreat space is provided at a side portion of a card insertion slot provided in the body, and the operation lever is provided with the operation part and a rotation fulcrum. The front rod portion between and is inserted into the L-shaped opening in a state of being elastically biased in a direction to enter the retreat space of the L-shaped opening, and the front rod portion is fitted into the operation space of the L-shaped opening. When the card lifter is in the retracted position, the operation lever can be rotated along with the movement of the card lifter between the card set position and the standby position, and when the card lifter is placed in the card set position, the front rod portion is L-shaped opening. When the front lever is fitted in the retracted space of the L-shaped opening, the front rod is locked in the retracted space so that the operation lever cannot rotate. Configured to be retained The card connector with an ejection mechanism according to claim 5. 7. The external electrodes of the card are arranged at a plurality of positions on the surface of the card, and the contacts corresponding to the external electrodes are provided on the body side, claim 2, and claim 3. A card connector with an ejection mechanism according to any one of claims 4, 5, and 6.