JPH09103113A - Bottom working machine forming uniform soil layer in field and field working machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a working machine for uniformizing soil in paddy field so as to enable uniform harvest of crops such as rice even in any part of fields by making plowing bottom horizontal without making the surface uniform and keeping the depth of plowed soil definite in preparing environment of paddy field. SOLUTION: This bottom working machine 10 operates the plowing bottom while keeping horizontal state compared with the base plane and operates while lifting and lowering the bottom 223 so as to form the thickness of plowed soil uniform and is suitable for forming a field having horizontal plowed bed. In the working machine 10, a sensor for detecting the horizontal state in the longitudinal direction is attached to a frame 222 of a bottom working machine 10 and further, the front end part of the working machine is controlled by a horizontal signal received by a laser receiver and posture control of the rear end part of the working machine is carried out by height control of gauge wheel 41 or heel by horizontal signal obtained by a horizontal sensor 32.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bottom working machine for forming a uniform soil layer in a field, and a working machine for forming a flat field surface, a flat groove, and the like. It is suitable for tillage reversal work to form a uniform soil layer with this as a reference.Furthermore, not only on the surface of the field, but also when forming a culvert or groove, it is parallel to the reference plane. The present invention relates to a field work machine capable of forming a plane.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is easy to imagine that it is important to make the soil environment uniform throughout the field in order to make effective use of the field. become. What has been considered so far is only to consider the leveling of the surface, not the inside of the soil. Most importantly, it is important to make the soil layer uniform not only on the surface of the field but also on the plow bed of the field, especially horizontally. In Japan, Tabata rotation was used in the past as a typical measure for effective use of the field, but wheat production as a back crop has declined because of unprofitable price competition. This crop rotation was one of the measures to infuse the soil with vitality, but now that it is not carried out, it is necessary to manage the field by another measure. At present, although not limited to rice, the tendency of import liberalization of all agricultural products is increasing, and the paddy fields are more and more prone to dormancy, which limits the planted area of paddy rice. .

Most of the paddy fields subject to production adjustment will be used as fields, but either the paddy fields will be permanently transformed into fields, or the paddy fields will be left and the form of use such as conversion of fields will be used. The idea will differ greatly depending on whether or not to take it. So far, rice production has been adjusted several times. In the past, the so-called reduction ratio was not so large, so it was carried out from poorly-conditioned (low-yielding paddy rice) paddy fields, and the converted crops were also thrown away, making it a shift for farmers' management. The specific gravity of the field was not so great. However, in the current year-to-year production adjustment, which is close to saturation in terms of area,
An important issue is how to use paddy fields that cannot be cultivated.

Cultivation of rice is also carried out in various foreign countries, and in the case of countries that do not eat rice as a staple food, and even in countries such as Japan that do not have a food tube system, rice production always considers supply and demand. It has been implemented. For example, in Italy, it is said that the field conversion is being implemented as a measure for rice production adjustment. This leaves the function of the paddy field in the cultivated land, controls the planted area of the paddy rice according to the market conditions, makes it possible to stabilize the rice price, and also plays the role of maintaining the fertility of the cultivated land. Due to the progress of Japanese agriculture centered on paddy rice, huge investments have been made in infrastructure development, dams for irrigation water, and drainage. Adjustment of rice production limits the planted area of paddy rice, but not the use of paddy fields. The use of cultivated land that makes the best use of the “water” function of the paddy fields makes good use of the investment that has been made to improve the productivity of the paddy fields. Depending on the way of thinking, it may be the time to reconfirm active multipurpose use of paddy fields and restart Japanese agriculture centered on paddy fields. In other words, it can be said that the opportunity to reconfirm the use of paddy fields by "Tabata rotation" and improve crop productivity. "Tabata wheel transfer"
The form of use of paddy fields by Dr. has been attracting attention in Japan for a long time, and its economic efficiency has been discussed, and it is stated that it is an effective means. For example, it has been said that the yield of paddy rice on the ruins of upland fields increases by 10 to 15%, while the fertilizer can save 20 to 40%, resulting in a high income effect.

[0005] However, in the past Japanese agriculture, Tabata rotation has not been established as an invariant one. There are many possible reasons for this, but the main ones are stable rice prices and ease of paddy rice cultivation due to the spread of paddy rice cultivation technology. So-called Sunday farming can secure a certain amount of yield as long as high yields are not required, and there was no need to worry about the continuous crop failure that is seen in field crops. Therefore, the former Tabata conversion was
With special circumstances (for example, low irrigation water,
It is often done in a limited area, such as when there is no field,
It did not actively incorporate the advantages of Tabata conversion.

It is necessary to consider the difference between a paddy field and a field when performing field conversion. Tabata rotation is the mutual use of the same arable land as a paddy field or a field, but there is a large difference in the nature of the soil between the paddy field and the field in order to position this usage pattern as a characteristic. In the case of paddy fields, it is flooded at least during the rice cultivation period,
The soil will be put under reducing conditions. This difference in redox conditions (amount of oxygen in the soil) has a great influence on the properties of the soil. First of all, since many of the pathogens are living using oxygen (for example, filamentous fungi cannot live without oxygen), they are difficult to grow in paddy fields where reducing conditions are developing. Although paddy rice has been continuously cultivated for more than 1000 years, the biggest reason why continuous cropping failure does not occur in paddy rice is the development of reducing conditions for paddy fields. Secondly, the development of reducing conditions has a great effect on not only microorganisms but also nutrients such as phosphoric acid. As described above, it is the oxidizing condition that much oxygen is contained, but under this condition, the amount of nitrogen and phosphoric acid is small. Especially in the case of phosphoric acid, fertilizing effect is small under oxidizing conditions because iron phosphate is insoluble, but under reducing conditions, iron is dissolved out in the form of divalent iron. The effect increases.

Thirdly, comparing the nutrient conditions in the soil for each soil, the nutrients of all the nutrients are the smallest in the paddy field and the most in the vegetable field. Potassium and phosphoric acid are abundant in the vegetable field, and the amount of effective phosphoric acid is obviously large in the vegetable field, and the amount in the facility soil is about 15 times that in the paddy soil. Considering that 50 milligrams / 100 grams is sufficient for the amount of effective phosphoric acid even in the vegetable field, it is understood how much phosphoric acid is accumulated in the vegetable field soil. You can do it. While containing a large amount of nutrients,
Due to their low fertility, higher nutrients are applied, which also results in increased uptake. 4th
In addition, excessive salt accumulation not only wastes fertilizer but also adversely affects the growth of crops. Recently, it is becoming a concern that the accumulation of salts in a vegetable field deteriorates the growth environment of crops, and microorganisms that should not cause harm to crops hinder the growth of crops.

[0008] Considering the fertility of the Tabata soil,
It is generally said that the decomposition of organic matter proceeds more easily in fields than in paddy fields. The amount of compost applied was 1 ton (10 ares) in paddy fields and 3 tons (the same) in fields, and the fields needed a large amount of organic matter. Overall, it is true that the decomposition of organic matter is difficult to proceed in the paddy field, but in terms of the easily degradable part, the field is not less than the paddy field. As mentioned above, microorganisms are different between paddy fields and fields. Most of microorganisms live on organic matter. Therefore, the decomposition status of organic matter differs depending on the microorganism, and it is considered that the decomposition of organic matter differs between the paddy field and the field. Comparing the decomposition of rice straw between paddy fields and fields, it was easier to decompose rice fields than fields for 2-3 months after applying rice straw to soil. One of the causes was So, it is thought that the decomposition is difficult to proceed because the water content is insufficient, but considering that the decomposition of compost in the same test is easier in the field from the beginning,
It can be said that some components of rice straw are more likely to progress in the paddy state. This fact suggests that some organic matter has a portion where decomposition proceeds rapidly even under reducing conditions. This phenomenon causes nitrogen fertility to increase in the paddy fields at the site of the upland field, resulting in a high yield of paddy rice. In the field,
Decomposition of organic matter progresses rapidly, but in the process, when it is made into a paddy field, an organic matter that decomposes rapidly is produced and decomposed during the rice cultivation period to supply nitrogen. On the other hand, in paddy fields, the decomposition of organic matter is generally suppressed with the development of reducing conditions, but the decomposition of lignin, which is decomposed only by aerobic microorganisms (mainly filamentous fungi), becomes extremely difficult to proceed. As a result, even fragile carbohydrates trapped inside the lignin accumulate. When the soil becomes oxidative, the accumulated organic matter is rapidly decomposed, so that the decomposition of organic matter in the upland field of the paddy field also progresses rapidly. It is said that microbial cells occupy about 10% of soil organic matter, and the role of the microbial cells as a storage for nutrients cannot be ignored.
Most aerobic microorganisms die under reducing conditions, while anaerobic microorganisms do not live well under oxidizing conditions. Therefore, it is considered that the microbial cells that had been active during the previous crop were killed in the paddy field of the paddy field or in the paddy field of the paddy field, and they are considered as a source of nutrients. For the above reasons,
It is estimated that the fertilized soil of the Tabata rotation soil is high.

[0009] The advantages of the field rotation include stable and high yield of crops. (1) Avoiding continuous crop failure in field crops, (2)
The high yield of paddy rice in the field remains, and (3) the high yield of soybean in the paddy rice. Furthermore, reduction of fertilizer (especially effective use of phosphoric acid) of paddy rice in upland field, effective use of organic matter (by applying organic matter to upland field, prevention of reduction damage, etc., and effect of utilizing difference of organic matter decomposition between oxidation and reduction) Resource utilization) and pesticide savings (decrease in weeds and occurrence of continuous crop failure), which can save resources. In addition, it has the role of maintaining paddy field function and water conservation. There are also problems in field rotation, including (1) excess drainage, poor drainage, (2) excess manganese in the converted field, (3) sterilized paddy field, and (4) rare soil disease in the converted field. Occurrence (due to lack of bacteriostatic action), etc. may hinder crop growth.
Furthermore, there are restrictions on the use of cultivated land, which makes (1) establishment of facilities difficult, and (2) restrictions on deep-root crop cultivation.

As described above, although there are advantages and disadvantages to Tabata rotation, Tabata rotation is a very rational use form of cultivated land, paying attention to various soil properties in paddy fields and fields. Can say It saves resources because it prevents the accumulation of excessive salts in the soil and enhances the effect of organic substances. And as for many people who have introduced vegetables and flowers as converted crops, the prevention of continuous cropping failures due to Tabata rotation is expected,
The effect is being confirmed by testing and research institutions in various regions. The avoidance of soil diseases can achieve stable and high yield of crops together with high yield of paddy rice in the restored rice field. Not all paddy fields are suitable for paddy field rotation.For example, poor drainage soil such as gray soil may be difficult to use as a conversion field, and soil with excessive drainage such as sandy soil may be better than paddy fields. Is also suitable for use in upland fields.

[0011] Some of the problems in the field conversion are solved by high ridge cultivation and no-till cultivation in restored fields, and many paddy fields are provided with sufficient drainage countermeasures by the foundation preparation. In addition, the promotion of crop rotations for consecutive years makes it possible to use paddy fields in good condition for field conversion. Of course, it would be impossible to introduce vegetables and flowers into all the converted fields in view of the current oversupply situation, and the spread of institutional cultivation would make the short-term Tabata rotation economically impossible. There is. However, considering the advantages of Tabata rotation, the cultivation of vegetables and flowers has been incorporated into the Tabata rotation format.
We think that it is worth trying to utilize the vacant fields for cultivation of crops with less accumulation of salt and continuous crop failure, and to devise the structure and dismantle it when constructing the facility. It can be said that the restriction of paddy rice cultivation has re-evaluated the field conversion, but I think that the introduction of the field conversion should not be passive. If the soil becomes acidic, neutralize it with lime. This is something that everyone knows, and agriculture in Japan, which has a lot of rain and volcanic ash soil,
It is no exaggeration to say that it has been built by the results of soil acidity countermeasures. However, it should be noted that the chemical reaction includes a redox reaction in addition to the neutralization reaction. For us, for humans, for soil microorganisms,
The redox reaction is very important. As mentioned above, the redox conditions of soil have a great influence on the state of existence of substances in the soil. Paddy field agriculture has been developed and maintained by mutually incorporating the reducing state during the flooding period and the oxidizing state during the flooding period. Some of the present-day soil is "sick" due to excessive accumulation of salts and the occurrence of continuous cropping problems. Thus, from the standpoint of soil protection in the field, field conversion is one of the effective measures. It is no exaggeration to say that it is necessary to make the soil environment in the field uniform in both the field conversion and the field conversion, and the achievement of such uniformity determines the light and darkness of Japanese agriculture.

[0012]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In order to activate Japanese agriculture, a large-scale field is economically necessary, and in addition to labor saving, it is necessary to increase the yield per unit area. However, although the labor saving has been achieved to some extent by mechanization of the work, it is extremely difficult to improve the yield per unit area, that is, the so-called yield. In particular, it is extremely difficult to expect a uniform crop in a large-scale field, and to overcome this it is necessary to make the soil environment uniform, and if this could not be achieved, the scale would increase. It means that the yield could not be expanded so much. Therefore, if uniform crops can be expected over the entire field, it is possible to revitalize Japanese agriculture in combination with the improvement of work efficiency due to scale expansion. Therefore, the present invention is sufficient not only for large-scale field cultivation, which is a national policy, but also for activating soil and further homogenizing the soil-growing environment throughout the field to obtain high yields and international competition in terms of cost. Countering is aimed at fostering agriculture.

Originally, to prepare the environment of a paddy field is to improve the permeability and drainage property of the paddy field and prevent excessive scratching which may promote respiratory disorder of the crop. However, in reality, they do not prefer excessive scraping work, but there are timing restrictions in supplying water to paddy fields, and the rice planting time is limited due to the relationship with the growth of seedlings. Therefore, it is necessary to level the surface of the paddy field in a short time to enable the rice planting work, and the scraping work performed for that purpose should be minimized, but the current scraping work is the original scraping work. Instead, the purpose is to move the soil mainly through water and learn from the surface of the water to finish the leveling work on the rice field in a short time. This work is technically labor intensive and difficult. In addition, the scraping work is adopted to improve the effect of the herbicide. If the surface of the paddy field can be leveled before it is filled with water, only one scraping operation is sufficient and the problem of excessive scraping does not occur. However, it is extremely difficult to make the surface of the field horizontal in the agricultural situation of Japan, which mainly uses rotary tillers. Because in the rotary cultivator, the working standard is the depth from the surface, the unevenness of the surface is left as it is, and the soil hardness difference changes the plowing depth, so it is not accurate. Not constant. Further, the seeds of the weeds are also stirred by the stirring of the soil by the rotary, and further stirring work is required to enhance the effect of the herbicide. For this reason, the soil on the surface of the field has moved considerably during one year due to rotary agitation, wind, and due to the drainage environment, and it is necessary to correct this movement every year. However, the leveling of the surface is carried out by a leveling machine, etc., but it is the leveling of only the surface, and the soil is modified to homogenize the soil production environment in the entire soil layer, in other words, in the depth direction. Is rarely done. Next, I will briefly describe what improvements and improvements are necessary. Paddy fields can be broadly classified into wet fields, dry fields, and leaky fields. The most ideal paddy field is the dry paddy field, but this dry paddy field is hardly seen in the present rural areas, as it is said to be "old dry field and now wet field". In the case of dry rice field, even if the paddy field is scratched, the reduction depth (sedimentation rate) of the paddy water is 15 to 20 mm per day, and oxygen (O
₂ ) can be supplied uniformly. On the other hand, in the case of wetlands, the soil grain size becomes excessively small each time the soil is scraped, and the reduction depth (sedimentation rate) of paddy water is extremely small or almost zero. ₂ ) can not be supplied, and respiratory failure can not be expected to expect sufficient growth of rice.
Then, what is meant by an ideal paddy field is that it is not on the surface of the paddy field but under the soil layer.
Normally, the plow layer is required to be horizontal. However, until now, the focus has been on leveling the surface of the paddy fields, and this work has been generalized because it can be performed relatively easily. In extreme cases, a paddy field with a horizontal surface can be created without any soil layer, which facilitates water management, and if fertilizer is applied to this, an increase in yield is desired and an ideal paddy field is created. It was believed that, in reality, it is an ideal paddy field that is just a sham and does not increase yield. Despite this, the reason why the work has been focused on leveling the surface of the paddy field is that the meaning of horizontal is misunderstood as being relative to the surface or it was misunderstood. Therefore, it is not possible to grow rice with sufficient yield just by leveling the surface of the paddy field, but if the surface of the paddy field can be turned upside down and the depth of the cropping layer can be made uniform, instead of leveling the surface of the paddy field Not only is it easier to control the growth of rice by suppressing the growth of weeds, the effect of fertilization is improved even with a small amount, it is resistant to changes in the weather, and it is reformed into a system that can achieve stable revenue growth. However, in the history of rice farming, there is little awareness of making the part that is usually called the plow layer under the soil layer horizontal, and attention is focused only on the growth management of the above-ground part. The present invention not only solves the problems of Japanese agriculture described above and prepares a paddy environment suitable for rice cultivation, but also contributes to the development of strong Japanese agriculture that can sufficiently cope with the internationalization of agriculture. Another object of the present invention is to provide a working machine suitable for forming a paddy field most suitable for rice cultivation. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a working machine suitable for leveling the surface of the field, and to provide a working machine that is convenient for both a converted upland field and a paddy field.

[0014]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the bottom working machine of the present invention has horizontal detection means for controlling the posture, at least one of which is a frame provided with a mast. A horizontal sensor attached to detect a horizontal position of a front end portion in a work advancing direction. Further, a laser light receiving portion is attached to the frame, and a plane signal drawn by a laser light emitting portion installed outside the field. The height of the working machine is controlled by receiving the control signal in the height direction detected by the received light, and the signal obtained from the horizontal sensor is used for the gauge wheel provided at the rear end of the working machine. It is characterized in that the attitude of the working machine is controlled by raising and lowering the tool, or a heel having the same function as this, and the bottom working machine has a horizontal detection for controlling the attitude. Have means, The light receiving part installed at the front end, which is the part where the posture of the tom work machine does not change, and the light receiving part that is not affected by the change in the posture of the bottom work machine. And a light-receiving section provided near the section. Further, the bottom working machine has horizontal detection means for controlling the posture, and is characterized by being equipped with horizontal sensors near the front end and near the rear end of the bottom working machine in the work advancing direction. , A gear wheel, or a wheel having the same function as that, which is in the working width of the final bottom and is configured to come into contact with the wall of the groove, , Gauge wheel,
Alternatively, it is characterized in that it is constructed so as to move in a grave groove such as a heel having the same function as this. In the following invention, in a field work machine including a mast for mounting an upper link mounted on a tractor, a mast or the like to which the upper link is mounted has a free zone at its mounting position, and the free zone is provided. The attachment point of the upper link can freely move along the work advancing direction within the range of the work area, and it can be located in the frame of the working machine or in the plane drawn by the laser beam on the lower link. A fulcrum member is present at the rear end of the frame of the working machine, and a working function machine is present at least between the attachment point of the lower link and the fulcrum member. In accordance with a plane signal received by the tractor, the light receiving section is controlled by the output of a lift control mechanism provided in the tractor so that the light receiving section is positioned within a plane drawn by the laser light. , Furthermore, in a field working machine mounted on the tractor by a towing type or linkage drawbar type, the frame of the working machine or the lower link should be positioned in a plane drawn by a laser beam. A fulcrum member is present at the rear end of the frame of the working machine, and a working function machine is present at least between the attachment point of the lower link and the fulcrum member. According to a plane signal received by the unit, the light receiving unit is controlled by the output of a lift control mechanism provided in the tractor so that the light receiving unit is located within a plane drawn by the laser light. In these work machines, the work function machine is a bottom work machine, the work function machine is a flat plate, and further, the work function machine has a stirring function such as rotary and paddy-halo. In addition, the working function machine is a rake, a grooving machine, or the like. Furthermore, in the above working machine, the fulcrum member is a wheel, a roller, or a sled member that comes into contact with the field surface. In the following invention, in a field working machine that is mounted in a towing type or a linkage grabber type, its fulcrum member is a wheel, a roller, or a sled member that comes into contact with the field surface. And, with these fulcrum members as fulcrums,
The lift control mechanism provided in the tractor is driven by the plane signal received by the laser light receiving unit to control the height of the working machine.

According to the present invention, the plow bottom is formed horizontally during the tillage reversal work by the bottom working machine in order to make the topsoil environment of the paddy field uniform, and therefore the work is not performed in the bottom working machine. The height can be controlled at the front end and the rear end in the traveling direction, so that the working machine can always maintain a horizontal posture while the bottom is working. Also,
The position of the wheel or the wheel having the same function as this is located in the final bottom, in other words, in the flute cultivated by the bottom bottom, and moves in close contact with the flute wall. Therefore, it is possible to move along a horizontal plane, and it is possible to work with the posture of the working machine held horizontally, and in combination with controlling the posture of the working machine horizontally, it is possible to form a horizontal plane accurately. it can. Furthermore, in a field work machine typified by a leveling work machine, work such as soil carrying and earth cutting should be performed while the height of the leveling plate, which is used for direct work on the field surface, is kept at a certain level by a horizontal signal. In addition, the work can proceed while maintaining the horizontal state in the working width direction, the left and right of the crusher can move up and down freely, and the flat plate is in the working direction. By making an appropriate angle with respect to, it is possible to reduce the resistance to soil gathering. Further, the upper link can move within the range of the long hole through the long hole (free zone) of the mast. In other words, since the mounting point is provided with the play, the lift of the tractor is provided. The vertical movement control width by the mechanism does not directly become the vertical movement width of the working machine,
Even if the tractor moves up and down, only the front end of the work machine can be moved up and down with the fulcrum member as the fulcrum, so the work machine is not affected by the up and down movement of the tractor, and the unevenness existing in the field is corrected to be flat. can do. In particular, the resistance (load) generated during work in the field work machine serves as a transfer action to increase the traction force, which can be used even in a large work machine.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, a working method of a bottom working machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described. First, the attached FIGS. 1 to 4 show a reversible bottom plow working machine (hereinafter, abbreviated as working machine) which represents a working machine for horizontally plowing a plowing layer (plow bed). The reference numeral 10 indicates the entire working machine, and the working machine 10 includes a front frame 11 whose posture does not change even by reversing motion, and this front frame.
It is composed of a reverse frame 21 which is rotated with respect to the frame 11. The front frame 11 has a mast 12 for mounting an upper link UL provided on a tractor, and a lower frame 1 for mounting a lower link RL which spreads in the left-right working width direction at a lower end portion thereof.
Has three.

A reversing frame 21 is attached to the front frame 11 via a rotary main shaft, and the reversing frame 21 is pivotally mounted on the mast 12 at its upper end. The lower end of the cylinder 14 is connected so that the expansion and contraction of the cylinder 14 can reverse the reverse frame 21. The river frame 21 has a main frame 221 extending in the working width direction, and a bottom arranged obliquely (to the working width) is attached to the main frame 221. And a pair of upper and lower bottoms 223 are attached to the mounting frame 222 to form an 8-bottom working machine.

The mounting frame 222 is the main frame.
It is supported by two support arms 224 extending rearward from the frame 221 and the mounting frame 222 is supported at the rear end portion of the support arms 224.

The front frame 11 and the main frame 221 are rotatably supported by a support shaft 21A which is the center of rotation during the reversing motion. Further, a laser light receiving portion 31 is attached to the mast 12 through a pole 31X, receives a plane signal H obtained from the laser light emitting portion 33, and always receives the laser light receiving portion. The height control is performed so that 31 is located in the plane drawn by the plane signal, and the lift mechanism included in the tractor is used for the control. In other words, the hitch point (mounting position) of the lower link of the tractor is controlled so as to have a constant height, which allows the work machine to move to a constant height by vertically moving the front end portion in the work advancing direction. Hold it at the height of. In other words, it is the lower link control by the lift mechanism of the tractor. Further, the height of the rear end portion of the working machine in the traveling direction is set by vertical movement of a gauge wheel or the like.
The whole is controlled to be horizontal, and a signal in the height direction or a signal from the horizontal sensor 32 is processed by the signal received by the laser light receiving unit 31 in the control box 34 (microcomputer), and later. The solenoid valve 45 of the hydraulic circuit to be described is controlled to open and close.

More specifically, at the rearmost position of the bottom frame 222, there is a gauge wheel 41, which is behind the final bottom 223Z, and is located relative to the bottom frame 222. Swingarm 4
The swing arm 42 can change the ground angle (θ) by the expansion and contraction of the control cylinder 43. In other words, the swing arm 42 can change the ground angle (θ). It is possible to control the ground clearance. By controlling the gauge wheel 41, the horizontal state of the working machine 10 in the left-right direction as well as the horizontal state in the front-rear direction can be controlled. The signal obtained from the horizontal sensor 32 is sent to the hydraulic circuit of the horizontal control circuit included in the tractor. The control cylinder 43 is expanded and contracted by utilizing this hydraulic circuit, which may be a double-acting type or a single-acting type. The compression spring 43A is used to contract by supplying pressure oil. In this case, the return circuit of the pressure oil chamber 43A may be omitted and the piston may be replaced by a one-way valve.

The above description is of the type in which the height of the bottom 223 is selected by adjusting the height of the gauge wheel 41. However, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the gauge wheel is The heat 411 can be used instead of the reel 41. That is, the ends of the rods 43A of the control cylinder 43 are connected to the center positions of the tool support members 412, 413 having a square shape, and the heels 411 are respectively attached to the pin support 411A. These heels 411 are attached to the pin 223Y with respect to the land side of the final bottom 223Z located at the rearmost end of the bottom 223, and the stopper 223X is provided at a portion in front of the pivot point. It prevents the toe from rising.

Therefore, when the control cylinder 43A is extended with the heel 411 grounded, the bottom frame with the bottom attached by using the heel 411 as a tension member.
The rear end of the frame 222 is raised. This control is performed when the bottom group is in the bottom-down state, and the work machine as a whole is maintained in a horizontal state. On the other hand, when it is detected that the bottom group is in the ascending state, the control cylinder 43A is contracted to slightly raise the grounded heel 411, and the bottom group is correspondingly raised. To maintain the horizontal condition of the entire work machine. These controls are the same as those for controlling the gauge wheel, and a horizontal control circuit and a lift control mechanism provided in the tractor according to a signal obtained by the horizontal sensor 32 are used, or the gauge wheel is used. Alternatively, the horizontal state of the working machine 10 is controlled by controlling the heel, and the plow bottom S of the field is controlled to be horizontal regardless of the surface state.

The lower link RL of the tractor is connected to an end portion of a lift rod 51 forming a lift mechanism 50 as schematically shown in FIG. The rod arm 53 extends, the rod 54A of the lift cylinder 54 is connected to the end portion of the lift arm 53, and the lift arm 53 is rotated by the expansion and contraction movement of the lift cylinder 54, so that the lower rod is lifted via the lift rod 51. The link RL can be moved up and down.

The lift cylinder 54 is controlled by a plane signal H from the light emitting portion 33 received by the laser light receiving portion 31 as shown in FIG. 5, and the drive source of the tractor is from the hydraulic pump 36. Driven by pressure oil. That is, the signal is input to the control circuit 34 including the control microcomputer, and in this control circuit 34, the front part of the working machine 10 is raised and lowered to keep the working machine at a certain height, in other words, by the bottom. The plow bed formed is controlled to be horizontal. For this control, a switching valve 35 that switches the flow of pressure oil in response to a signal from the control circuit 34 is used, whereby pressure oil is supplied from the pump 36 to the lift cylinder 54 via the flow rate control valve 37. . The flow rate control valve 37 also receives a signal from the control circuit and its opening is controlled.

In FIG. 6, the signal from the horizontal sensor 32 is processed by the control circuit 44, and the horizontal control circuit provided in the tractor is driven to control the gauge wheel 41 or the heel 411, thereby operating the work machine. It is possible to horizontally control the posture of the entire working machine by vertically moving the rear end of the work machine 10.

By moving the gauge wheel 41 up and down, the horizontal attitude of the working machine 10 in the traveling direction is controlled.
That is, when the working machine 10 is in the forward-raising state, the lift cylinder 54 is extended to lower the front portion of the working machine 10 (via the lift rod 51), and the horizontal state in the left-right direction is accompanied by the gage wheel. By increasing the ground angle θ (angle with the horizontal plane) of the swing arm 42 that supports 41, the rear part of the working machine 10 is controlled to be raised, and the working machine 10 is in a horizontal state as a whole, in other words, the bottom 223.
The plow bed S formed by is controlled to be horizontal.

Similarly to the lift mechanism, the mechanism for moving the gage wheel 41 up and down controls the flow rate of the driving pressure oil from the control circuit 44 by the horizontal signal obtained from the horizontal sensor 32. Pressure oil from a pump (same as the hydraulic pump) is supplied to the control cylinder 43 via the switching valve 45 and the flow rate control valve 46. By swinging the swing arm 42, the gear wheel 41
When the angle θ to the ground is changed and the angle is increased, the control cylinder 43 is contracted to supply the pressure oil to the pressure oil chamber 43X in the cylinder. At this time, there is a compression spring 43A in the pressure oil chamber 43Y, which pushes against the piston.
Apply a hydraulic pressure that exceeds the resistance of. In other words,
When it is necessary to raise the left end of the work machine 10, the control cylinder 43 is extended, and conversely, when the left end is lowered, the control cylinder 43 is contracted to perform posture control. This control can also be used for horizontal control of the working machine 10 in the front-rear direction. That is, if the ground angle increases, the rear end of the working machine 10 rises, and conversely, if the ground angle decreases, the rear end of the working machine 10 lowers.

Since the compression spring 43A constantly pushes the piston, the piston is pushed by simply releasing the pressure oil in the pressure chamber 43X, the control cylinder 43 extends, and in addition,
When the work implement 10 is lifted for the reversing motion,
Since the swing arm 42 is released from the constraint such as the ground with which the gear wheel is in contact, the swing wheel 42 is always in the direction in which the gauge wheel 41 is always grounded due to its own weight including the gauge wheel 41. It will be rotated.

Since such an operation is controlled by a signal from the horizontal sensor 32, the posture of the working machine 10 is detected and its state is displayed on the operator of the tractor, which is the most primitive. The operator can manually perform the expansion and contraction of the control cylinder 43 or the lift cylinder 54 of the lift mechanism, but according to the embodiment of the present invention, the accurate control can be automatically performed. . In addition, the power source for each control, in other words, the hydraulic drive source is the one mounted on the tractor, and the horizontal sensor 3
2 is a horizontal sensor provided in the tractor in the width direction of the work advancing direction, so a sensor obtained by rotating the tractor by 90 degrees is used as a detection unit for horizontal control in the direction along the work advancing direction by its output. There is.

In the above description, the light receiving section 31 and the horizontal sensor 32 are used to detect that the working machine 10 is within a predetermined plane. However, as shown in FIG. 25, two light receiving sections 31A are provided. , 31B can be used to detect the horizontal attitude of the work machine and control the attitude. In this case, one light receiving portion 31A is attached to the front frame in the same manner as described above, but the other light receiving portion 31B does not change its posture even when the attachment frame 222 is reversed. In other words, in order to prevent the posture of the light receiving portion 31B from changing even when reversing, the arm 32 from the front frame 11 to the rear side.
X is extended and the light receiving portion 31B is attached thereto. As a result, even when the main frame 222 is reversed, the light receiving portion 31B can maintain the standing state. In any case, the height of the front end portion of the working machine, in other words, the height of the lower link RL is controlled by the light receiving portion 31A, and the light receiving portion 31A is controlled.
B controls the height of the rear end of the working machine. In the above description, the bottom working machine is a reversible type bottom working machine, but it is also applicable to a standard type bottom working machine that does not reverse.

In the above description, the posture of the working machine 10 is controlled in order to make the plow bottom S of the field horizontal, but next, the field surface after plowing and reversing using the working machine 10 is described. A so-called leveling work machine 60 for leveling the soil will be described. As shown in FIG. 29 and below, the leveling machine 60 has a tine or disk type crusher 62 on the frame 61 of the working machine from the beginning in the working direction, then a leveling plate 63, and then a spring coil type. This is a type provided with a crusher 64, and is a type that should be called a leveling combined working machine, unlike a mere leveling machine. The frame 65 of the pressure suppressor 64 has its center of rotation supported at the left and right ends of the pressure suppressor by the tips of the arms 65A, and the frame 65 is relative to the frame 61 of the working machine. It is mounted for rotation in a vertical plane by a pivot 66. More specifically, a mast 65B is erected on the horizontal portion of the frame 65.
The rod 67 of the telescopic cylinder 67, which will be described later in detail in B,
The end portion of A is attached, and the frame 65 can be moved up and down with respect to the frame 61 about the pivot pin 66 in a vertical plane in the work advancing direction by the expansion and contraction of the rod 67A. Is allowed.

The expansion / contraction of the expansion / contraction cylinder 67 changes the ground angle θ of the support arm 64A that supports the pressure suppressor 64, so that the gap between the lower end edge 63X of the flat plate 63 and the ground surface, in other words, the uniform surface. The height of the gap between the lower edge 63X of the flat plate 63 and the surface of the field (actually contacting or cutting into the surface) is controlled.

Since the leveling machine 60 is also pulled by a tractor, it has a mast 68 for mounting the upper link UL, and a pair of mounting plates 612 for mounting the lower link RL at an appropriate interval. The arm type support plate 613, which is provided in such a space as to extend forward of the frame 61 in the working direction, is inserted into the space and the hitch pin 611.
It is supported at one point by means of and can freely rotate about the hitch pin 611 in the horizontal plane. The position of the hitch pin 611 is located in front of the position of the lower link RL so that the tractor T can travel along a curved line. Therefore, continuous work is possible without forming a headland in a field of one section. This part is the same as that shown in FIG.

For the extension / contraction control of the extension / contraction cylinder 67, the laser light receiving section 31 provided upright on the frame 61 receives the plane signal H emitted from the laser emitting section 33 provided outside the field. Therefore, the control is performed, and the laser light receiving unit 31
Is controlled so as to be located in a plane drawn by the plane signal H, for example, a horizontal plane, and the control is performed by the angle of soil of the gauge wheel 41 in the bottom working machine 10 described above, in other words, the gauge wheel. The height of the support arm 65A can be controlled in the same manner as the height control of the arm 41, and the ground angle θ of the support arm 65A is controlled in place of the swing arm 42 in FIG. It has the same function as that of the gauge wheel 41.

In this leveling machine 60, a laser is emitted from a laser light emitting section 33 standing upright at an appropriate place in the field.
A laser light receiving section 31 for receiving the laser light is provided, and if the light receiving section 31 is always located in a horizontal plane as a reference plane drawn by the plane signal H, the working machine 60 works in a constant horizontal plane. This means that the surface of the field can be leveled. If the plane signal H has an inclination, the surface of the field can be inclined.

When the flat plate 63 is at a position deeper than a predetermined depth, the telescopic cylinder 67 is extended so as to suppress the pressure.
The position of the flat plate 63 is raised by increasing the coil forming the coil at a deep position, in other words, by increasing the ground angle θ of the swing arm 65A. In this case, the crusher 64 serves as a fulcrum to move the flat plate 63 up and down.

Further, when the flat plate 63 is located at a position shallower than a predetermined depth, the swing arm 65A is contrary to the above.
By reducing the ground angle .theta. Of .alpha., The pressure suppressor 64 is raised, whereby the position of the flat plate 63 is lowered. This operation contracts the telescopic cylinder 57 to reduce the ground angle θ of the swing arm 65A. While repeating such operations, the leveling implement 60 is pulled by the tractor to level the surface of the field.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the crusher 62
A central shaft 622A of the arm 62 is supported at one end by an arm 622 pivotally supported by the frame 61.
The other end of 2 can move in an arc. That is, the crusher 62 is capable of swinging vertically about the pivot point. Further, a cylinder 631 is provided at either the left or right end of the flat plate 63.
The rod 631A of is attached to the cylinder 63
The extension and contraction of No. 1 can change the angle of the flat plate 63 with respect to the work advancing direction to adjust the direction of soil gathering.

Next, the leveling work that accompanies the scale expansion of the paddy field using the leveling work machine described above will be described. First,
When the paddy field (Fig. 12) that is the work purpose is subjected to the tillage reversing work using the bottom working machine 10 (Fig. 13), in this case, the plow floor S of the field is always in the horizontal state according to the bottom working machine 10. The surface becomes closer to the ridge, and it is raised, but this is flattened by the later work. The importance of making the plow bed S horizontal is omitted because it has been described in the section of the prior art, but it is the most important work for the original purpose of the working machine of the present invention, thereby providing a paddy field with a uniform environment. It is possible to make the pattern uniform.

Further, the leveling work is carried out at the same time by using the leveling machine 60 to simultaneously level the coarsely crushed soil and crush the soil (FIG. 14).

The paddy field (FIG. 15) to be described next shows a case where two fields A and B having a difference above ground are formed in one field as the scale increases, and there is a ridge AZ in the middle part. When removing this ridge AZ and expanding the paddy field scale, first,
Except for the ridges AZ, the part of the field B is tilled and inverted. At this time, the plowing depth is set deeper than the field A portion (FIG. 16). Then, the soil in the lower layer, which has become the upper layer, is dried and then coarsely crushed, while the soil in the upper layer is moved to the field A portion for rough ground preparation (Fig.
7). In this state, the field scene heights of both fields A and B are the same.

Further, the plowing bottom S of both the fields A and B is ploughed and inverted by using a bottom working machine so that the plow bottoms S thereof are commonly horizontal (FIG. 18). Finishing is performed using the leveling machine of the present invention so that

FIGS. 19 and 20 show the actual leveling work using the conventional leveling machine K, and the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in the embodiment of the present invention. First, when the field surface L is tilted by α with respect to the absolute horizontal plane, the state of the tractor T is tilted, so that the leveling machine K is necessarily tilted by α. For this reason, leveling work is performed 5 times
It is necessary to repeat it repeatedly. The cause is that the crusher 62 is fixed to the frame. Therefore, in the leveling work, the leveling plate 63 is tilted by α, and the work is required to be redone many times.

On the other hand, according to the leveling machine 60 of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the earth crusher 62 has the support shaft center shaft 622A of the frame 61 and the frame 61 has the arm. 62
Since both ends are supported by 2 so that they can move up and down, it is possible to work while maintaining a horizontal state without being constrained by the posture of the frame 61. Therefore, the crushing machine 62 can perform the crushing work in a substantially horizontal state, and the flat plate 63 can perform the shaving work at an angle smaller than α. Therefore, it is possible to make the surface of the field even by multiplying it approximately twice.

In the above description, the flat plate 63 can be replaced with another work function machine corresponding to the purpose of another work. Specifically, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, a comb-shaped rake 163 may be provided instead of the leveling machine, and a sled member 164 is attached to the rear side of the rake 163 attached to the frame 61. It
A support leg 16 is provided between the frame 61 and the sled member 164.
5 is provided so that the reaction force received by the sled member 164 can be suppressed. The sled member 164 has a function as a fulcrum member, and has a function as a pressure suppressor in the leveling compound work machine, and is given as a specific example.

This rake 163 has its grounding point 163X in the middle (almost center position) between the hitch point h ₁ of the lower link RL and the grounding point S ₁ of the sled member 164, and the above-mentioned flat plate and its mounting position are the same. It is the same.

The mounting pin ULX (mounting point) of the upper link UL on the mast 68 is not fixed with respect to the mast 68, and the mast 68 has a long hole 68A (a mounting pin is free to move along the working direction). A movable free zone is bored, and the mounting pin ULX is mounted to mount the upper link UL. In other words, the mounting pin ULX has the long hole 6
It is allowed to move freely within the length of 8 A in relation to the posture of the work machine.

As described above, the upper link UL of the tractor T is attached to the working machine 60 through the long hole 68A, and the lower link RL of the tractor T is positioned below the mast 68 in FIG. At (hitch point h
₁ ) Hitched. The lower link RL is subject to the vertical movement control action by the lift rod 51 of the lift mechanism of the tractor T, and is as shown in FIG. 5 and its description.

Then, the leveling machine 60 shown in FIG.
A case where the field leveling work is performed by using will be described.
Since the tractor T (the rear wheel is shown in the figure) runs along the unevenness of the field, the tractor T repeatedly moves up and down. While moving (Fig. 34). That is,
When the vehicle runs along the uneven curve Tx existing in the field (the tire moves), the tire itself also moves up and down,
For example, when changing to the positions of X, Y, and Z (X is a high position, Y is an average position, and Z is a low position), the lower link R
The mounting position h ₂ of L on the tractor T side also changes from X, Y, and Z, but the hitch point h ₁ does not change.

Specifically, the hitch point h ₁ with the lower link RL is at a constant height regardless of the vertical movement of the tractor,
This means that when the flat plate 63 (lake 163) reaches a high position in the field F, the amount of soil to be ground increases and the resistance increases, but at this time, the position of the mounting point of the upper link UL The pin ULX) moves to the front position of the long hole 68A, in other words, moves to the tractor side, and the state becomes the forward ascending state. It is given to the rotation sensor S1 and outputs an electrical signal to control it.
Input to the user box 34. And the mounting pin ULX
Is supplied to the drive unit of the switching valve 35, and the switching valve 35 switches the direction of the oil passage. Then, at this time, pressure oil is applied in a direction in which the rod 54A of the lift cylinder 54 is extended so as to control the posture in a direction in which the front end portion of the work machine 60 is pushed down. As a result, the lift arm 53 is rotated and the lift rod 51 is rotated.
By pushing down and lowering lower link RL, the posture of working implement 60 is controlled by pushing down the front end part of the working implement.

At this time, the flat plate 63 (rake 163) is also lowered vertically, in this case, downward.
Only less (lower) momentum is transmitted than the amount of downward movement of the lift mechanism. Because the working machine 6
Lowering the front end portion of 0 in other words means that the mounting pin ULX of the upper link UL first moves rearward along the elongated hole. In this movement, the light receiving section 31 causes the reference plane H
It starts when it comes off further. The lift mechanism operates according to the degree of disengagement, and the control by this lift mechanism is the movement of the mounting pin ULX. Specifically, for example, when the lift mechanism controls in the lowering direction, the movement amount corresponds to this movement amount. Upper link UL mounting pin ULX
Moves to the rearmost position of the long hole 68A. The lowering by the lift mechanism lowers the flat plate 63, but it is smaller than the actual lowering amount of the lift mechanism. That is, the work of lowering the lift mechanism is absorbed, and the lift amount (height) becomes lower than the actual lift amount. Here, in order to facilitate understanding, considering the case where the long hole 68A (free zone) does not exist in the mast 68, when the tractor travels on the unevenness existing in the field, the tractor naturally moves. It is accompanied by vertical movement. This vertical movement is transmitted to the working machine to which it is attached, and the light receiving unit 31 also moves up and down. By the vertical movement of the light receiving unit 31, the control circuit operates so that the light receiving unit is on the reference plane, and the working machine is controlled so that the hitch point of the lower link is at a predetermined height with respect to the reference plane. It In other words, the vertical movement due to the traveling movement of the tractor is directly transmitted to the working machine, and in an extreme case, the working machine is lifted. It will be done and the intended purpose cannot be achieved. However, since the attachment point of the upper link UL and the mast 68 is a long hole, the actual vertical movement control amount of the tractor does not reach the working machine as it is, but becomes smaller in both the upper and lower directions. Become. In other words, since the leveling machine as a work function machine exists between the hitch point of the lower link RL and the fulcrum member, the vertical movement control of the tractor is performed as the vertical movement of the leveling machine with the fulcrum member as the fulcrum. To be communicated,
Due to the principle of leverage, it becomes smaller and is transmitted.

In other words, when the laser light receiving portion 31 deviates from the plane indicated by the plane signal H drawn by the laser light emitting portion 33 and the height of the working machine 60 changes, the light receiving portion 31 is changed to the reference plane. Control box 34
And calculates the control amount, inputs a signal corresponding to the correction value to the hydraulic circuit of the lift mechanism 50 provided in the tractor, and controls and drives the lower link via the lift rod 51. Thereby, the posture of the work machine is controlled, that is, the light receiving unit 31 can be positioned on the reference plane.

In addition to the leveling work machine as the work function machine mentioned in the above explanation, as shown in FIG.
Paddy-halo-163H or the like is used, and the sled member 16 is used.
A grounding wheel 167, which is constantly provided in the grounding direction at the rear position of 5, is also used. Since the grounding wheel 167 is pressed by the spring 167A, the spring deforms due to the reaction force and cannot serve as a fulcrum member. The fulcrum member for the work function device is a sled member.

As the working function machine, as shown in FIG. 37, the beam stander 163 of the subsoiler working machine is used.
S, a commonly known knife is used, and a tail wheel 167Y having a height adjusting function is used as a fulcrum member.

In each of these working machines, the mast 68 is provided, and the mounting pin ULX of the upper link UL is mounted through the elongated hole 68A provided in the mast 68, and the mounting pin ULX is located from the reference plane of the light receiving portion. Although it has been described that the mounting pin ULX can freely move within the range of the elongated hole 68A by detecting the deviation and operating the lift mechanism, as shown in FIG. 33 (C), as described above. , The upper link UL is provided with an expansion / contraction mechanism, and the mounting pin UL is
The movement distance corresponding to the movement of X can be performed by expanding and contracting the upper link itself.

Further, as shown in FIG. 33 (B), a movable part mast 68Y is pivotally attached to the top of the mast 68, and an upper link UL is attached to the movable part mast 68Y to move the upper link UL. Movable part mast 68
The posture of the working machine can also be known by the method of detecting the change in the tilt of Y.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 33 (A),
The posture of the working machine can also be detected by the type in which the upper link UL is attached to the elongated hole 68B by the pivot pin ULY at the attachment point on the tractor side.

FIG. 34 shows a state in which the surface of the field is shaved or transported by a leveling machine, and is relatively small after the leveling plate 63 has passed relative to the relatively large irregularities Tx on the surface. A surface is formed by the unevenness Ty, and a surface parallel to the reference plane H is formed. The small irregularities Ty on the surface form an average flat surface.

Further, FIG. 37 shows an example in which it is applied to a subsoiler working machine as a working machine, and the groove bottom formed by the chisel 163S has a relatively small unevenness H on the surface of the field.
It has the same shape as y.

In the above description, the working machine of the mounting example by the three-point hitch type is mentioned, but next, the mounting example by the linkage driver will be described. First, FIGS. 38 and 39 show an example of a leveling work machine 80, in which a crossbar 81 is supported by a lower link RL included in a tractor T, and the crossbar 81 forms a frame 82 constituting a work machine. It can be installed at the most advanced position.

In this working machine 80, a pole 31X having a light receiving portion 31 attached thereto is erected on a frame 82 at a tip end position near the forefront, and the relationship with the reference plane H is detected. Is able to. Since this working machine 80 is for leveling work,
The flat plate 83 has a flat plate 83, and the flat plate 83 has the frame 82.
It is supported by an arm 83A whose end portion is fixed to and is attached to the frame 82. A tine 84 is provided on the rear side of the flat plate 83 in the working direction. The tine 84 is for crushing the soil on the surface, and the crushing type is not limited to this tine, and can be replaced with another crushing machine.

Further, at the rear end portion of the frame 82, there is a compression wheel 85 having a coil shape, and this compression wheel 85 has a support shaft 85B at the center position thereof, and the support shaft 85B has the above-mentioned end portion. It is supported by the free end of an arm 85A pivotally supported by the frame 82. The pivot 85X of the arm 85A allows the arm 85A to freely rotate, but functions as a fulcrum member in the various working machines. The squeezing machine as the fulcrum member is the most flat plate 6 on the edge.
When 3 is approached, it can be lifted, which enables leveling work from the ridge. In the control work for that purpose, the compression wheel 85 as a fulcrum member is raised upward. As its configuration, a mounting seat 86B of the rod 86A of the hydraulic cylinder 86 is formed at an intermediate position of the arm 85A, and the rod 86X of the hydraulic cylinder 86 is mounted on the mounting seat 86B. The middle portion of the cylinder 86 is a support arm 86Y which is erected from the frame 82.
It is pivotally supported by. This allows the hydraulic cylinder 86 to freely expand and contract.

At the rearmost position of the working machine 80, a movable wheel arm 87 having a pivot point 85X with respect to the frame 81 and a pivot point coaxially with the frame 81 is long along the work advancing direction. Two of them are arranged and pivoted in the work width direction. A caster type moving wheel 88 is attached to the open end of each moving wheel arm 87 via a caster shaft or 88A so that the moving wheel 88 can freely turn and turn in accordance with the moving direction. There is.

The moving wheel arm 87 is provided with an arm 89B at an intermediate position thereof, and the hydraulic cylinder 8 is attached to this.
The rod 89A of No. 9 is pivotally mounted, and the extension and contraction of the rod 89A of the hydraulic cylinder 89 causes the moving wheel arm 87 to rotate in a vertical plane to ground the moving wheel 88, or lift it from the surface of the field. You can do it. During operation, the moving wheel 88 has a rod 89A of the hydraulic cylinder 89 as shown by the solid line in FIG.
Is contracted from the surface of the field, and the flat plate 83, the tines 84, and the compression ring 85 functioning as a fulcrum member are provided on the surface of the field.

Since this working machine is mounted on the tractor without using the upper link, it is not necessary to consider the free movement of the upper link unlike the above-described working machine, and the mounting point ULX of the upper link UL is not considered. The movement is not limited to the range of the long hole 68X and can be freely moved. Therefore, while the leveling work is performed, the leveling work machine 80 is moved up and down according to the degree to which the light receiving unit 31 is separated from the reference plane.
Is used as a fulcrum member to move up and down, so that the flat plate 83 is moved up and down within a range smaller than the actual vertical movement control amount of the lower link RL.

Further, when the light receiving portion 31 deviates from the reference plane H, the lift mechanism of the tractor operates to control the attitude of the leveling work machine via the lower link RL.
In this case, the hydraulic mechanism of the lift mechanism and the like are the same as those described above, and the control thereof is also the same as that of the working machine described above, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Further, in the case of inter-field movement in which the working machine 80 is moved from the field to another field, it is particularly effective if it is a large working machine in which the entire working machine cannot be lifted only by the lifting action on the lower link RL. Yes, in this case, first, the moving wheels 88 are forcibly grounded. That is, the hydraulic cylinder 89 is extended, the movable wheel arm 87m is rotated clockwise in FIG. 38, and the movable wheel 88 is grounded on the surface of the field, so that the flat plate is suspended in the air. This state is held by the hydraulic circuit lock and pulled by the tractor. At this time, the front end of the working machine 80 is lifted by the lift mechanism of the tractor.

This type is suitable for a large working width, that is, suitable for a large leveling working machine and is preferably used for a heavy working machine that exceeds the lift capacity of the tractor. Further, since the moving wheels 88 are of the caster type, it is possible to reliably follow the steering of the tractor when traveling on the road, for example, and the corner traveling is easy.

Further, even in the case of a leveling work machine of a towing type using a linkage guide, as shown in FIGS. 39 and 40, one hitch of the work machine is pivotally attached to the crossbar 81 to perform work. It is also possible to allow the machine to travel in an arc independent of the tractor. That is, a hitch metal fitting is arranged and fixed at the most distal end of the leveling machine 80, and the hitch metal fitting 81A and the crossbar are provided.
81 and 81 are pivotally attached to each other by a hitch pin 81P at the central position. According to this, the crossbar 81 and the tractor are integrally mounted, but since the crossbar 81 and the tractor are allowed to rotate around the hitch pin 81P, the moving wheels 88 are of the caster type. not,
A tail wheel type that can support the load is sufficient. Also in this embodiment, the pressure suppressor 85 functions as a fulcrum member, and the vertical movement of the flat plate 83 is smaller than the control width by which the tractor actually moves vertically, that is, the vertical movement control amount by the lift mechanism of the tractor. In this case, the power source for the moving work of the moving wheels 88 and the lifting operation of the pressure suppressor 85 is covered by the output from the hydraulic power output device provided in the tractor.

[0070]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the bottom working machine used in the concrete working method of the present invention,
In the paddy field plowing work, the plow bottom can be laid horizontally and the topsoil can be cultivated. Therefore, even if the surface environment has irregularities, the soil layer will eventually be a uniform paddy field. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the scraping work and to expect a uniform pattern in any part of the field, which can reduce the cost by increasing the yield.

Further, in particular, in the case of a bottom working machine, since the height can be controlled in the front part and the rear part, the plow bottom can be easily leveled, and at the same time, the plowed soil which has been turned upside down can be used. The drying process is fast and the next working step can be started in a short period of time, and furthermore, the position of the gauge wheel and further the position of the heel move to the bottom of the gutter groove which is inverted by the bottom. Since the working machine moves horizontally, it is possible to reliably maintain the horizontal state of the bottom working machine.

Further, in the sixth invention and below, in the thirteenth invention, when the work function machine is moved up and down by the lift mechanism of the tractor, there is play between the mast and the mounting point of the upper link, so-called. There is a free zone, the mounting point can move freely within a certain range, and especially at the rear end position of the working machine, the fulcrum member is in constant contact with the field surface, so a stable posture is maintained. Since the work function machine is controlled with a vertical width that is smaller than the actual vertical control width by the lift mechanism of the tractor, the work function machine is controlled, so even if there are large irregularities in the field,
The surface of the field can be finished into a flat surface with relatively small unevenness (although it is governed by the traveling speed of the tractor), which can contribute to making the field conditions uniform.

Furthermore, in the sub-soiler having the work function device, the bottom of the underdrain or the like can be formed along the reference plane.

Further, according to the working machine mounted by the linkage driver or the towing type, the working function machine can be moved up and down with the fulcrum member as the fulcrum even in the vertical control utilizing the lift mechanism of the tractor. Since the vertical control width can be made smaller than the actual vertical control width of the tractor while maintaining a stable posture, the surface of the field can be surely finished to a plane parallel to the reference plane.

In addition, mounting by a linkage guide
Furthermore, even in the case of tow-type mounting, the work function machine is controlled in the vertical direction using the fulcrum member as a fulcrum, so not only the field surface is leveled, but also a flat finish for other work purposes. It can be carried out.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a bottom working machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an outline of a control system of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing another embodiment of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a control system of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a control system of the leveling work machine.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the leveling machine.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a part of a leveling machine.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a part of a leveling machine.

FIG. 10 is another side view of the leveling machine.

FIG. 11 is another side view of the leveling machine.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a work target field.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the work target field after being inverted.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of roughly crushed soil in a work target field after leveling.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a work target field.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view with ridges removed from two fields.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of two fields.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which two fields are roughly crushed.

FIG. 19 is a rear view of the tractor in a working state with a conventional working machine.

FIG. 20 is a rear view of the leveling work machine in a working state with a conventional work machine.

FIG. 21 is a rear view of the tractor in a working state with the working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a rear view of the leveling work machine in a working state by the work machine of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a plan view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a side view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a plan view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a side view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a schematic explanatory view of a lift mechanism of a tractor.

FIG. 28 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a control mechanism such as a gauge wheel.

FIG. 29 is a side view of the leveling implement of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a partial plan view of the leveling machine of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a side view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is an explanatory view schematically showing the relationship between the upper link and the elongated hole and the relationship with the lift mechanism.

33A, 33B, and 33C are explanatory views of another mechanism replacing the elongated hole in FIG. 32.

FIG. 34 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a state of leveling work in a field.

FIG. 35 is a side view of a rake working machine as another working function machine of a flat plate.

FIG. 36 is a side view of a work machine showing a halo as a work function machine.

FIG. 37 is a side view of a work machine showing a subsoiler as a work function machine.

FIG. 38 is a side view of a leveling machine having a leveling plate mounted by a linkage drawbar type as a functioning machine and having caster type moving wheels.

FIG. 39 is a side view of a leveling work machine including a leveling plate pivotally mounted so as to be rotatable at a hitch point and mounted by a linkage-displacer type as a working function machine.

FIG. 40 is a plan view of the leveling implement shown in FIG. 39.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 bottom working machine 11 front frame 12 mast 13 lower frame 14 reversing cylinder 221 main frame 222 frame 223 bottom 223Z final bottom 223X stopper 224 support frame 31 light receiving part 31A front light receiving part 31B Rear light receiving part 31X poll 32 Horizontal sensor 32A Front light receiving part 32B Rear light receiving part 33 Laser light emitting part 34 Control circuit 35 Switching valve 36 Pump 37 Flow control valve 41 Gauge wheel 411 Heel 42 Swing arm 43 Control cylinder 43X, 43Y Pressure oil chamber 44 Control circuit 46 Flow control valve 50 Lift mechanism 51 Lift rod 52 Pivot point 53 Lift arm 54 Lift cylinder 54A Rod 60 Leveling machine 61 Frame 62 Crusher 63 Flat plate 64 Compressor 65 Frame 65A arm 65B mast 66 pivot pin 67 telescopic cylinder 163 rake 163X grounding point 164 sled member 68 mast 68A long hole 68B long hole 68Y movable part mast UL upper link RL lower link ULX mounting pin ULY mounting pin 80 working machine 81 Crossbar 81A Hitch Metal Fitting 81P Hitch Pin 82 Frame 83 Flat Plate 84 Tine 85 Compressor Ring 85A Arm 85B Compressor Ring 85X Pivot 86 Hydraulic Cylinder 87 Moving Wheel Arm 88 Moving Wheel 89 Hydraulic Cylinder 89A Rod

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] September 10, 1996

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Full text

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Document Name] Statement

Title: Bottom working machine and field working machine for forming a uniform soil layer in a field

[Claims]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bottom working machine for forming a uniform soil layer in a field, and a working machine for forming a flat field surface, a flat groove, and the like. It is suitable for tillage reversal work to form a uniform soil layer with this as a reference.Furthermore, not only on the surface of the field, but also when forming a culvert or groove, it is parallel to the reference plane. The present invention relates to a field work machine capable of forming a plane.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is easy to imagine that it is important to make the soil environment uniform throughout the field in order to make effective use of the field. become. What has been considered so far is only to consider the leveling of the surface, not the inside of the soil. Most importantly, it is important to make the soil layer uniform not only on the surface of the field but also on the plow bed of the field, especially horizontally. In Japan, Tabata rotation was used in the past as a typical measure for effective use of the field, but wheat production as a back crop has declined because of unprofitable price competition. This crop rotation was one of the measures to infuse the soil with vitality, but now that it is not carried out, it is necessary to manage the field by some measures. At present, although not limited to rice, the tendency of import liberalization of all agricultural products is increasing, and the paddy fields are more and more prone to dormancy, which limits the planted area of paddy rice. .

Most of the paddy fields subject to production adjustment will be used as fields, but the paddy fields will be permanently transformed into fields, or the paddy fields will be left and the form of use will be changed, such as conversion of fields. The way of thinking varies greatly depending on whether you take it or not. So far, rice production has been adjusted several times. In the past, the so-called reduction ratio was not so large, so it was carried out from poorly-conditioned (low-yielding paddy rice) paddy fields, and the converted crops were also thrown away, making it a shift for farmers' management. The specific gravity of the field was not so great. However, how to use paddy fields where paddy rice cannot be cultivated has become an important issue in the current production adjustments, which are close to saturation even in terms of area.

Cultivation of rice is also carried out in various foreign countries, and in the case of countries that do not eat rice as a staple food, and even in countries such as Japan that do not have a food tube system, rice production always considers supply and demand. It has been implemented. For example, in Italy, it is said that the field conversion is being implemented as a measure for rice production adjustment. This leaves the function of the paddy field in the cultivated land, controls the planted area of the paddy rice according to the market conditions, makes it possible to stabilize the rice price, and also plays the role of maintaining the fertility of the cultivated land. As Japanese agriculture has advanced centering on paddy rice, huge investment has been made in infrastructure development, dams for securing irrigation water, and water drainage. Adjustment of rice production limits the planted area of paddy rice, but not the use of paddy fields. The use of cultivated land that makes the best use of the “water” function of paddy fields makes good use of the investment that has been made to improve productivity in paddy fields. Depending on the way of thinking, it can be said that the time has come to reaffirm active multipurpose use of paddy fields and restart Japanese agriculture centered on paddy fields. In other words, there is increasing momentum for reconfirming the use of paddy fields by field rotation and improving crop productivity. The form of use of paddy fields by "Tabata rotation" has been attracting attention in Japan for a long time, and its economic efficiency is also discussed and it is said that it is an effective means.
For example, it has been said that the yield of paddy rice on the ruins of upland fields increases by 10 to 15%, while the fertilizer can save 20 to 40%, resulting in a high income effect.

[0005] However, in the past Japanese agriculture, Tabata rotation has not been established as an invariant one. There are many possible reasons for this, but the main ones are stable rice prices and ease of paddy rice cultivation due to the spread of paddy rice cultivation technology. So-called Sunday farming can secure a certain amount of yield as long as high yields are not required, and there was no need to worry about the continuous crop failure that is seen in field crops. Therefore, the former Tabata conversion was
It is often done in a limited area with special circumstances (for example, irrigation water is low, there is no field, etc.), and the advantages of Tabata rotation were not positively incorporated.

[0006] In order to carry out field conversion, it is first necessary to consider the difference between paddy fields and fields. Tabata rotation is the mutual use of the same arable land as a paddy field or a field, but there is a large difference in the nature of the soil between the paddy field and the field in order to position this usage pattern as a characteristic.
In the case of paddy fields, the soil will be flooded and the soil will be put under a reducing condition at least during the rice cultivation period. This difference in redox conditions (amount of oxygen in the soil) has a great influence on the properties of the soil. First of all, since many of the pathogens are living using oxygen (for example, filamentous fungi cannot live without oxygen), they are difficult to grow in paddy fields where reducing conditions are developing. Although paddy rice has been continuously cultivated for more than 1000 years, the biggest reason why continuous cropping failure does not occur in paddy rice is the development of reducing conditions for paddy fields. Second, the development of reducing conditions is not limited to microorganisms,
It also has a great effect on nutrients such as phosphoric acid. As described above, the oxygen content is large under the oxidation condition, but under this condition, the nitrogen content and the phosphoric acid content are small. In particular, in the case of phosphoric acid, fertilizing effect is small under oxidizing conditions because iron phosphate and the like are poorly soluble, but under reducing conditions, iron is leached out in the form of divalent iron. Fertilizer effect increases.

Thirdly, comparing the nutrient conditions in the soil for each soil, the nutrients of all the nutrients are the smallest in the paddy field and the most in the vegetable field. Potassium and phosphoric acid are abundant in the vegetable field, and the amount of effective phosphoric acid is obviously large in the vegetable field, and the amount in the facility soil is about 15 times that in the paddy soil. Considering that 50 milligrams / 100 grams is sufficient for the amount of effective phosphoric acid even in the vegetable field, it is understood how much phosphoric acid is accumulated in the vegetable field soil. You can do it. While containing a large amount of nutrients,
Due to their low fertility, higher nutrients are applied, which also results in increased uptake. 4th
Moreover, excessive salt accumulation not only wastes fertilizer but also adversely affects the growth of crops. Recently, it is becoming a concern that the accumulation of salts in a vegetable field deteriorates the growth environment of crops, and microorganisms that should not cause harm to crops hinder the growth of crops.

[0008] Considering the fertility of the Tabata soil,
It is generally said that the decomposition of organic matter proceeds more easily in fields than in paddy fields. The amount of compost applied was 1 ton (10 ares) in paddy fields and 3 tons (the same) in fields, and the fields needed a large amount of organic matter. Overall, it is true that the decomposition of organic matter is difficult to progress in paddy fields, but in terms of easily degradable parts, the fields are not necessarily less than the paddy fields, and the microbes are different in the paddy fields. As I did. Most of microorganisms live on organic matter. Therefore, the decomposition status of organic matter differs depending on the microorganism, and it is considered that the decomposition of organic matter differs between the paddy field and the field. Comparing the decomposition of rice straw between paddy fields and fields, it was found that after applying rice straw to soil,
For 3 months, paddy fields are more likely to decompose than fields. One of the reasons for this is that the field is insufficient in water, so decomposition is difficult to proceed. Considering that it is easier to grow in the field from the beginning, it can be said that some components of rice straw are easier to grow in the paddy state. This fact suggests that some organic matter has a portion where decomposition proceeds rapidly even under reducing conditions. This phenomenon causes nitrogen fertility to increase in the paddy fields at the site of the upland field, resulting in a high yield of paddy rice. In the upland field, organic matter is rapidly decomposed, but in the process, when it is converted into paddy field, organic matter is rapidly decomposed and decomposed during the rice cultivation period to supply nitrogen. On the other hand, in paddy fields, decomposition of organic matter is generally suppressed with the development of reducing conditions, but decomposition of lignin, which is decomposed only by aerobic microorganisms (mainly filamentous fungi),
It becomes very difficult to proceed. As a result, even fragile carbohydrates trapped inside the lignin accumulate. When the soil becomes oxidative, the accumulated organic matter is rapidly decomposed, so that the decomposition of organic matter in the upland field of the paddy field also progresses rapidly. It is said that microbial cells occupy about 10% of soil organic matter, and the role of the microbial cells as a storage for nutrients cannot be ignored. Most aerobic microorganisms die under reducing conditions, while anaerobic microorganisms do not live well under oxidizing conditions. Therefore, it is considered that the microbial cells that had been active during the previous crop were killed in the paddy field of the paddy field or in the paddy field of the paddy field, and they are considered as a source of nutrients. For the above reasons, the fertility of the Tabata soil is presumed to be high.

[0009] The advantages of the field rotation include stable and high yield of crops. (1) Avoiding continuous crop failure in field crops, (2)
The high yield of paddy rice in the field remains, and (3) the high yield of soybean in the paddy rice. Furthermore, reduction of fertilizer (especially effective use of phosphoric acid) of paddy rice in upland field, effective use of organic matter (by applying organic matter to upland field, prevention of reduction damage, etc., and effect of utilizing difference of organic matter decomposition between oxidation and reduction) Resource utilization) and pesticide savings (decrease in weeds and occurrence of continuous crop failure), which can save resources. In addition, it has the role of maintaining paddy field function and water conservation. There are also problems in field rotation, including (1) excess drainage, poor drainage, (2) excess manganese in the converted field, (3) sterilized paddy field, and (4) rare soil disease in the converted field. Occurrence (due to lack of bacteriostatic action), etc. may hinder crop growth.
Furthermore, there are restrictions on the use of cultivated land, which makes (1) establishment of facilities difficult, and (2) restrictions on deep-root crop cultivation.

As described above, although there are advantages and disadvantages to Tabata rotation, Tabata rotation is a very rational use form of cultivated land, paying attention to various soil properties in paddy fields and fields. I can say. It saves resources because it prevents the accumulation of excessive salts in the soil and enhances the effect of organic substances. And as for many people who have introduced vegetables and flowers as converted crops, the prevention of continuous cropping failures due to Tabata rotation is expected,
The effect is being confirmed by testing and research institutions in various regions. The avoidance of soil diseases can achieve stable and high yield of crops together with high yield of paddy rice in the restored rice field. However, not all paddy fields are suitable for field rotation.For example, poor drainage soil such as gray soil may be difficult to use as a conversion field, and soil with excessive drainage such as sandy soil may It is more suitable for upland use than paddy fields.

[0011] Some of the problems in the field conversion are solved by high ridge cultivation and no-till cultivation in restored fields, and many paddy fields are provided with sufficient drainage countermeasures by the foundation preparation. In addition, the promotion of crop rotations for consecutive years makes it possible to use paddy fields in good condition for field conversion. Of course, it would be impossible to introduce vegetables and flowers into all the converted fields in view of the current oversupply situation, and the spread of institutional cultivation would make the short-term Tabata rotation economically impossible. There is. However, considering the advantages of Tabata rotation, the cultivation of vegetables and flowers has been incorporated into the Tabata rotation format.
We think that it is worth trying to utilize the vacant fields for cultivation of crops with less accumulation of salt and continuous crop failure, and to devise the structure and dismantle it when constructing the facility. It can be said that the limitation of paddy rice cultivation has re-evaluated the field conversion, but the introduction of the field conversion is not passive, but it is an agricultural method that should be actively adopted. Everyone knows that if the soil becomes acidic, it will be neutralized with lime, etc., and Japan's agriculture, which has a lot of rain and volcanic ash soil, has been built up by the results of soil acidity measures. It is no exaggeration to say that However, it is necessary to carry out the work by keeping in mind that the chemical reaction includes a redox reaction in addition to the neutralization reaction. The redox reaction is very important to us both humans and soil microorganisms, and as described above, the redox conditions of the soil have a great influence on the state of existence of substances in the soil. Paddy field agriculture has been developed and maintained by mutually incorporating the reducing state during the flooding period and the oxidizing state during the flooding period. Some of the present-day soil is "sick" due to excessive accumulation of salt and the occurrence of continuous cropping damage, and if this condition continues, the soil will only get further sick. Thus, from the standpoint of soil protection in the field, field conversion is one of the effective measures. Tabata rotation is suitable for Japanese agriculture, and regardless of whether so-called field conversion is used to convert surplus paddy fields, it is necessary to make the soil in the field fertile and also make the field environment uniform. It is no exaggeration to say that not only internalization is structural, but also the achievement of leveling of the surface of the soil determines the light and darkness of Japanese agriculture.

[0012]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In order to activate Japanese agriculture, as mentioned above, along with soil fertility, a large-scale field is profitably required, which not only saves labor but also increases the yield per unit area. It is necessary to expand the quantity. However, although the labor saving has been achieved to some extent by mechanization of the work, it is extremely difficult to improve the yield per unit area, that is, the so-called yield.
In particular, it is extremely difficult to expect a uniform crop in a large-scale field, and to overcome this it is necessary to make the soil environment uniform, and if this could not be achieved, the scale would increase. It means that the yield could not be expanded so much. Therefore, if uniform crops can be expected over the entire field, it is possible to revitalize Japanese agriculture in combination with the improvement of work efficiency due to scale expansion. Therefore, the present invention is not only a national policy to increase the scale of fields, but also activates the soil, and further equalizes the soil-growing environment throughout the field to obtain high yields and is sufficient for international competition in terms of cost. Countering is aimed at fostering agriculture.

Originally, to prepare the environment of a paddy field is to improve the permeability and drainage property of the paddy field and prevent excessive scratching which may promote respiratory disorder of the crop. However, in reality, they do not prefer excessive scraping work, but there are timing restrictions in supplying water to paddy fields, and the rice planting time is limited due to the relationship with the growth of seedlings. Therefore, it is necessary to level the surface of the paddy field in a short time to enable the rice planting work, and the scraping work performed for that purpose should be minimized, but the current scraping work is the original scraping work. Instead, the purpose is to move the soil mainly through water and learn from the surface of the water to finish the leveling work on the rice field in a short time. This work is technically labor intensive and difficult. In addition, the scraping work is adopted to improve the effect of the herbicide. If the surface of the paddy field can be leveled before it is filled with water, only one scraping operation is sufficient and the problem of excessive scraping does not occur. However, it is extremely difficult to make the surface of the field horizontal in the agricultural situation of Japan, which mainly uses rotary tillers. This is because the rotary cultivator uses the depth from the surface as the work standard, and the surface irregularities are left as it is, and the hardness difference of the soil changes the cultivating depth, so it is not exactly constant. . Further, the seeds of weeds are also agitated by the agitation of the soil by the rotary, and further agitation work is required to enhance the effect of the herbicide. For this reason, the soil on the surface of the field is considerably moved in one year due to rotary agitation, wind, and the drainage environment, and it is necessary to correct this movement every year.
However, although the leveling of the surface is performed by a leveling machine or the like, this is the leveling of only the surface, and it is necessary to equalize the soil formation environment in the entire soil layer, in other words, in the depth direction. Little soil modification has been done. Next, I will briefly describe what improvements and improvements are necessary. Paddy fields are roughly classified into wet fields, dry fields, and leaky fields.
It can be divided into two. The most ideal paddy field is the dry paddy field, but this dry paddy field is hardly seen in the present rural areas, as it is said to be "old dry field and now wet field". In the case of dry rice fields, even if a scraping operation is performed, the reduced depth (sedimentation rate) of paddy water is 15 to 20 mm per day, and oxygen (O2) can be uniformly supplied to the entire soil. On the other hand, in the case of a wetland, the grain size of the soil becomes excessively small each time the soil is plucked, and the reduction depth (sedimentation rate) of the paddy water is extremely small or almost zero. Therefore, oxygen (O2 ) Can not be supplied, and respiratory failure can be caused to expect sufficient growth of rice. Then, what is meant by an ideal paddy field is that it is required that the plow layer is usually horizontal, not the surface of the paddy field but under the cropping layer. However, until now, the focus has been on leveling the surface of the paddy fields, and this work has been generalized because it can be performed relatively easily.
In extreme cases, a paddy field with a horizontal surface can be created without any soil layer, which facilitates water management.
It was believed that if fertilizers were applied to this, it would be desirable to increase the yield, and an ideal paddy field would be created, but in reality, it is an ideal paddy field that is sham and does not increase the yield. Despite this, the reason why the work has been focused on leveling the surface of the paddy field is that the meaning of horizontal is misunderstood as being relative to the surface or it was misunderstood. Therefore, it is not possible to grow rice with sufficient yield just by leveling the surface of the paddy field, but if the surface of the paddy field can be turned upside down and the depth of the cropping layer can be made uniform, instead of leveling the surface of the paddy field Not only is it easier to control the growth of rice by suppressing the growth of weeds, the effect of fertilization is improved even with a small amount, it is resistant to changes in the weather, and it is reformed into a system that can achieve stable revenue growth. However, in the history of rice farming, there is little awareness of making the part that is usually called the plow layer under the soil layer horizontal, and attention is focused only on the growth management of the above-ground part. The present invention proposes a work machine and a work method suitable for making the environment of the field suitable for the growth of the crop regardless of the rotation of the field or the conversion of the field, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems of Japanese agriculture. In order to contribute to the development of strong Japanese agriculture that can not only solve the problems and prepare a paddy environment suitable for rice cultivation but also fully support the internationalization of agriculture, we will form the most suitable paddy fields for rice cultivation. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a working machine suitable for. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a working machine suitable for leveling work on the surface of a field, and to provide a field working machine that is convenient for both a converted upland field and a rotary paddy field.

[0014]

To achieve the above object, the bottom working machine of the present invention has horizontal detecting means for controlling the posture, at least one of which is attached to a frame having a mast. Is a horizontal sensor for detecting the horizontal of the front end of the work proceeding direction, and the frame is equipped with a laser receiver, by receiving a plane signal drawn by the laser emitter installed outside the field,
The height of the working machine is controlled by the detected control signal in the height direction, and by the signal obtained by the horizontal sensor,
It is characterized in that the posture of the working machine is controlled by raising and lowering a gauge wheel provided at the rear end of the working machine or a heel having the same function as this. Has a horizontal detection means for controlling the posture, and the light receiving unit equipped at the front end, which is the portion where the posture of the bottom working machine does not change, and the posture change even if the posture of the bottom working machine changes. And a light-receiving unit provided near the rear end. Further, the bottom working machine has horizontal detection means for controlling the posture, and is characterized by being equipped with horizontal sensors near the front end and near the rear end of the bottom working machine in the work advancing direction. , Gauge wheel,
Or a heel having the same function as that in the working width of the final bottom so that it can be brought into contact with the wall of the groove, in addition to the gauge wheel, or the same function as this. It is characterized by being configured to move in a grave groove such as a heel with. In the following invention, in a field work machine including a mast for mounting the upper link mounted on the tractor, the mast to which the upper link is mounted has a free zone at its mounting position, and the upper zone is within the free zone. The attachment point of the link can be freely moved along the working direction and the frame of the working machine, or the lower link has a light receiving part that can be located in the plane drawn by the laser beam, and the frame of the working machine. A fulcrum member is present at the rear end portion of the tractor, and a work functioning device is present at least between the attachment point of the lower link and the fulcrum member. According to the output of the mechanism, the light receiving section is controlled to be positioned within a plane drawn by the laser beam. , Furthermore, in the field working machine mounted on the tractor by the traction type and the linkage drawbar type, the frame of the working machine, or the lower link has a light receiving section that can be positioned in a plane drawn by laser light, A fulcrum member exists at the rear end of the frame of the work machine, a work function machine exists at least between the mounting point of the lower link and the fulcrum member, and the tractor follows the plane signal received by the light receiving unit. The light receiving section is controlled so as to be positioned within the plane drawn by the laser beam by the output of the lift control mechanism included in the above. In these work machines, the work function machine is a bottom work machine, the work function machine is a flat plate, and further, the work function machine has a stirring function such as a rotary, paddy harrow, and ,
The work function machine is a rake, a grooving machine or the like. Further, in the above working machine, the fulcrum member is a wheel, a roller, or a sled member that comes into contact with the field surface. In the next invention, in a field working machine to be mounted in a tow type or a linkage drawbar type, the fulcrum member thereof is a wheel or a roller, and further, a sled member that comes into contact with the field surface, and the like. Using the fulcrum member as a fulcrum, the lift control mechanism provided in the tractor is driven by the plane signal received by the laser light receiving unit to control the height of the working machine.

According to the present invention, the plow bottom is formed horizontally during the tillage reversal work by the bottom working machine in order to make the topsoil environment of the paddy field uniform, and therefore the work is not performed in the bottom working machine. The height can be controlled at the front end and the rear end in the traveling direction, so that the working machine can always maintain a horizontal posture while the bottom is working. In addition, the position of the gauge wheel or heel having the same function as this is located in the final bottom, in other words, in the gutter groove ploughed by the bottom part of the bottom, and moves in close contact with the gutter wall. Since it moves along a horizontal plane, it is possible to work while maintaining the posture of the work machine horizontally, and it is possible to form the horizontal plane accurately in combination with horizontally controlling the posture of the work machine. .. Furthermore, in a field work machine typified by a leveling work machine, work such as soil carrying and earth cutting should be performed while the height of the leveling plate, which is used for direct work on the field surface, is kept at a certain level by a horizontal signal. In addition, the work can proceed while maintaining the horizontal state in the working width direction, the left and right of the crusher can move up and down freely, and the flat plate is in the working direction. By making an appropriate angle with respect to, it is possible to reduce the resistance to soil gathering. Further, the upper link can move within the range of the long hole through the long hole (free zone) of the mast. In other words, since the mounting point is provided with the play, the upper link is provided by the lift mechanism of the tractor. The vertical movement control width does not become the vertical movement width of the working machine as it is,
Even if the tractor moves up and down, only the front end of the work machine can be moved up and down with the fulcrum member as the fulcrum, so the work machine is not affected by the up and down movement of the tractor, and the unevenness existing in the field is corrected to be flat. can do. In particular, the resistance (load) generated during work in the field work machine serves as a transfer action to increase the traction force, which can be used even in a large work machine.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, a working method of a bottom working machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described. First, FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 attached show a reversible bottom plow working machine (hereinafter, abbreviated as working machine) which represents a working machine for horizontally plowing a plowing layer (plow floor). Reference numeral 10 indicates the working machine as a whole, and the working machine 10 is composed of a front frame 11 whose posture does not change even by a reverse motion and a reverse frame 21 which is rotated with respect to the front frame 11. There is. The front frame 11 has a mast 12 for mounting an upper link UL included in a tractor, and a lower frame 13 for mounting a lower link RL which spreads in the left-right working width direction at a lower end portion thereof.
Have.

A reverse frame 21 is attached to the front frame 11 via a main shaft of rotation, and the reverse frame 21 is connected to a lower end of a reverse cylinder 14 whose upper end is pivotally attached to the mast 12. The reverse frame 21 can be inverted by its expansion and contraction. The reverse frame 21 has a main frame 221 extending in the working width direction, and has a mounting frame 222 for mounting a bottom arranged obliquely to the main frame 221 (with respect to the working width). The pair of upper and lower bottoms 223 are attached to the mounting frame 222 to form an eight-bottom working machine.

The mounting frame 222 is supported by two supporting arms 224 extending rearward from the main frame 221, and the mounting frame 222 is supported at the rear end of the supporting arms 224.

The front frame 11 and the main frame 221 are rotatably supported by a support shaft 21A which is the center of rotation during reverse movement. Further, a laser receiving section 31 is attached to the mast 12 through a pole 31X, receives a plane signal H obtained from the laser emitting section 33, and the laser receiving section 31 is always drawn by a plane signal. The control in the height direction is performed so as to be located inside, and a lift mechanism included in the tractor is used for the control. In other words, the hitch point (mounting position) of the lower link of the tractor is controlled so as to have a constant height, which allows the work machine to move to a constant height by vertically moving the front end portion in the work advancing direction. Hold it at the height of. In other words, it is the lower link control by the lift mechanism of the tractor. Further, the height of the rear end portion of the working machine in the traveling direction is set by vertically moving a gauge wheel or the like.
The whole is controlled to be horizontal, and the signal received in the height direction or the signal from the horizontal sensor 32 is processed in the control box 34 (microcomputer) by the signal received by the laser light receiving unit 31, which will be described later. The solenoid valve 45 of the hydraulic circuit is controlled to open and close.

More specifically, at the rearmost position of the bottom frame 222, there is a gauge wheel 41, which is behind the final bottom 223Z, and the swing arm 4 with respect to the bottom frame 222.
The swing arm 42 is rotatably attached to the front end portion of the second frame 2. The swing arm 42 can change the ground angle (θ) by expanding and contracting the control cylinder 43. It can be controlled. By controlling the gauge wheel 41, it is possible to control the horizontal state of the working machine 10 in the left-right direction and the horizontal state of the front-rear direction. The signal obtained from the horizontal sensor 32 is sent to the hydraulic circuit of the horizontal control circuit included in the tractor. The control cylinder 43 is expanded and contracted by utilizing this hydraulic circuit, which may be a double-acting type or a single-acting type. The compression spring 43A is used to contract by supplying pressure oil. In this case, the return circuit of the pressure oil chamber 43A may be omitted and a one-way valve may be used in the piston instead.

The above description is of the type in which the height of the bottom 223 is selected by adjusting the height of the gauge wheel 41. However, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, instead of the gauge wheel 41, the heel is replaced. 411 can also be used. That is, the end of the rod 43A of the control cylinder 43 is connected to the center position of the heel support members 412, 413 having a square shape, and the heel 411 is attached to each of these heel support members 412, 413 by the pin 411A. 411 is attached to the pin 223Y with respect to the land side of the final bottom 223Z located at the most rear end of the bottom 223, and the stopper 223X is abutted on the front side from the pivot point to suppress the toe portion from rising. There is.

Therefore, when the control cylinder 43A is extended with the heel 411 grounded, the rear end of the bottom frame 222 to which the bottom is attached using the heel 411 as a tension member is raised. This control is performed when the bottom group is in the bottom-down state, and the work machine as a whole is maintained in a horizontal state. On the contrary, when it is detected that the bottom group is in the ascending state, the control cylinder 43A is contracted to slightly raise the grounded heel 411, so that the bottom group is lowered by that amount. , This maintains the horizontal state of the entire working machine. These controls are the same as the control of the gauge wheel, and by using the signal obtained by the horizontal sensor 32, the horizontal control circuit and the lift control mechanism provided in the tractor are used, or by the control of the gauge wheel or the heel. The horizontal state of the working machine 10 is controlled, and the plow bottom S of the field is controlled to be horizontal regardless of the state of the surface.

The lower link RL of the tractor is connected to the end of a lift rod 51 forming a lift mechanism 50 as schematically shown in FIG. The arm 53 extends, the rod 54A of the lift cylinder 54 is connected to the end of the lift arm 53, and the expansion and contraction motion of the lift cylinder 54 causes the lift arm 53 to rotate, thereby lowering the lower link RL via the lift rod 51. It can be moved up and down.

The lift cylinder 54 is controlled by the plane signal H from the light emitting portion 33 received by the laser light receiving portion 31 as shown in FIG. 5, and the drive source of the tractor is the pressure oil from the hydraulic pump 36. Driven by. That is, the signal is input to the control circuit 34 including the control microcomputer, and in this control circuit 34, the front part of the working machine 10 is raised and lowered to keep the working machine at a certain height, in other words, by the bottom. The plow bed formed is controlled to be horizontal. For this control, a switching valve 35 that switches the flow of pressure oil in response to a signal from the control circuit 34 is used, whereby pressure oil is supplied from the pump 36 to the lift cylinder 54 via the flow rate control valve 37. . The flow rate control valve 37 also receives a signal from the control circuit and its opening is controlled.

In FIG. 6, the signal from the horizontal sensor 32 is processed by the control circuit 44, and the horizontal control circuit provided in the tractor is driven to control the gauge wheel 41 or the heel 411, whereby the rear end portion of the working machine 10 is controlled. By moving up and down, the posture of the work machine as a whole can be controlled horizontally.

By moving the gauge wheel 41 up and down, the horizontal posture of the working machine 10 in the traveling direction is controlled.
That is, when the working machine 10 is in the forwardly raised state, the cylinder 43 is extended to increase the ground angle θ (angle with the horizontal plane) of the swing arm 42 that supports the gauge wheel 41. The work machine 10 is controlled to be in a horizontal state as a whole, that is, the plow floor S formed by the bottom 223 is controlled to be in a horizontal state.

In the mechanism for moving the gauge wheel 41 up and down, the lift mechanism shown in FIG. 5 is controlled by the signal from the light receiving section 31, whereas the horizontal signal obtained from the horizontal sensor 32 is driven by the control circuit 44. In order to control the flow rate of oil, first, pressure oil from a hydraulic pump (same as the hydraulic pump) is supplied to the control cylinder 43 via the switching valve 45 and the flow rate control valve 46. By swinging the swing arm 42, the gauge wheel 41
When the angle θ to the ground is changed and the angle is increased, the control cylinder 43 is contracted to supply the pressure oil to the pressure oil chamber 43X in the cylinder. At this time, there is a compression spring 43A in the pressure oil chamber 43Y, which pushes against the piston.
Apply a hydraulic pressure that exceeds the resistance of. In other words,
When it is necessary to raise the left end of the work machine 10, the control cylinder 43 is contracted, and conversely, when the left end is lowered, the control cylinder 43 is extended to control the attitude. This control can also be used for horizontal control of the working machine 10 in the front-rear direction. That is, if the ground angle increases, the rear end of the working machine 10 rises, and conversely, if the ground angle decreases, the rear end of the working machine 10 lowers.

Since the compression spring 43A constantly pushes the piston, the piston is pushed by simply releasing the pressure oil in the pressure chamber 43X, the control cylinder 43 extends, and in addition,
When the work implement 10 is lifted for reverse motion,
Since the swing arm 42 is released from the constraint such as the ground with which the gauge wheel is in contact, the gauge wheel 41 is always rotated in the direction in which the gauge wheel 41 is grounded by its own weight including the gauge wheel 41.

Since such an operation is controlled by a signal from the horizontal sensor 32, the posture of the working machine 10 is detected and the state is displayed to the operator of the tractor. Although the operator can manually perform the expansion and contraction of the control cylinder 43 or the lift cylinder 54 of the lift mechanism, the embodiment of the present invention automatically enables accurate control. In addition, the power source for each control, in other words, the hydraulic drive source is the one mounted on the tractor, and the horizontal sensor 3
2 is a horizontal sensor provided in the tractor in the width direction of the work advancing direction, so a sensor obtained by rotating the tractor by 90 degrees is used as a detection unit for horizontal control in the direction along the work advancing direction by its output. There is.

In the above description, the light receiving section 31 and the horizontal sensor 32 are used to detect that the working machine 10 is within a predetermined plane. However, as shown in FIG. 25, two light receiving sections 31A are provided. , 31B can be used to detect the horizontal attitude of the work machine and control the attitude. In this case, one light receiving portion 31A is attached to the front frame as in the above description, but the other light receiving portion 31B does not change its posture even when the attachment frame 222 is reversed. In order to prevent the posture of the light receiving section 31B from changing even when the arm 32 is reversed, the arm 32 is moved backward from the front frame 11.
X is extended and the light receiving portion 31B is attached thereto. Thereby, even when the main frame 222 is reversed, the light receiving unit 31B can maintain the standing state. In any case, the height of the front end portion of the working machine, in other words, the height of the lower link RL is controlled by the light receiving portion 31A, and the light receiving portion 31A is controlled.
B controls the height of the rear end of the working machine. In the above description, the bottom working machine is a reversible type bottom working machine, but it is also applicable to a standard type bottom working machine that does not reverse.

In the above description, the posture of the working machine 10 is controlled in order to make the plow bottom S of the field horizontal, but next, the field surface after plowing and reversing using the working machine 10 is described. A so-called leveling work machine 60 for leveling the soil will be described. As shown in FIG. 29 and below, this leveling work machine 60 includes a tine or disk type crusher 62 on the frame 61 of the work machine from the top in the working direction, then a leveling plate 63, and then a spring coil type crusher. This is a type provided with 64, and is a type that should be called a leveling combined working machine, unlike a mere leveling machine. The frame 65 of the crusher 64 has its center of rotation supported at the left and right ends of the crusher by the tips of the arms 65A, and the frame 65 is in a plane perpendicular to the frame 61 of the working machine by a pivot shaft 66. It is mounted so that it can be rotated. More specifically, a mast 65B is erected on the horizontal portion of the frame 65.
The rod 67 of the telescopic cylinder 67, which will be described later in detail in B,
The end portion of A is attached, and the expansion and contraction of the rod 67A allows the frame 65 to move up and down with respect to the frame 61 about a pivot pin 66 in a vertical plane in the work advancing direction. .

The expansion and contraction of the expansion and contraction cylinder 67 changes the angle θ of the support arm 64A supporting the pressure suppressor 64 with respect to the ground, so that the gap between the lower end edge 63X of the flat plate 63 and the ground surface, in other words, the flat plate 63. The height of the gap between the lower edge 63X and the surface of the field (actually contacting or cutting into the surface) is controlled.

Since the leveling machine 60 is also towed by the tractor, it has a mast 68 for mounting the upper link UL, and a pair of mounting plates 612 for mounting the lower link RL are provided at appropriate intervals. The arm type support plate 613, which is provided so as to project forward in the work advancing direction of the frame 61 in both of the spaces, is inserted into the space and the hitch pin 611.
It is supported at one point by means of and can freely rotate about the hitch pin 611 in the horizontal plane. The position of the hitch pin 611 is located in front of the position of the lower link RL so that the tractor T can travel along a curved line. Therefore, continuous work is possible without forming a headland in a field of one section. This part is the same as that shown in FIG.

The extension / contraction control of the extension / contraction cylinder 67 is performed by receiving the plane signal H emitted from the laser emission section 33 provided outside the field by the laser reception section 31 provided upright on the frame 61. The laser receiving section 31
Is controlled so as to be located in a plane drawn by the plane signal H, for example, in a horizontal plane, and the control is performed by controlling the soil angle of the gauge wheel 41 in the bottom working machine 10 described above, in other words, the height of the gauge wheel 41. The control can be performed in the same manner as the control, and the ground angle θ of the support arm 65A is controlled in place of the swing arm 42 in FIG. 2, and the coil forming the pressure suppressor 64 performs the same function as the gauge wheel 41. There is.

The leveling machine 60 is provided with a laser receiving section 31 for receiving the laser light emitted from the laser emitting section 33 standing upright at an appropriate place in the field, and the plane signal H is transmitted. If the light receiving unit 31 is always located in a horizontal plane as a reference plane to draw, the work implement 60 will work in a certain horizontal plane, and the field surface can be leveled. If the plane signal H has an inclination, the surface of the field can be inclined.

When the flat plate 63 is at a position deeper than a predetermined depth, the telescopic cylinder 67 is extended so as to suppress the pressure.
The coil forming the coil is deeply positioned, in other words, the position of the flat plate 63 is raised by increasing the ground angle θ of the swing arm 65A. In this case, the crusher 64 serves as a fulcrum to move the flat plate 63 up and down.

Further, when the flat plate 63 is at a position shallower than a predetermined depth, the swing arm 65A is reversed, contrary to the above.
By reducing the ground angle .theta. Of .alpha., The pressure suppressor 64 is raised, whereby the position of the flat plate 63 is lowered. This operation contracts the telescopic cylinder 57 to reduce the ground angle θ of the swing arm 65A. While repeating such operations, the leveling implement 60 is pulled by the tractor to level the surface of the field.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG.
A central axis 622A of the arm 62 is supported by an arm 622 whose one end is pivotally supported by the frame 61.
The other end of 2 can move in an arc. That is, the crusher 62 is capable of swinging vertically about the pivot point. Further, a cylinder 631 is provided at either the left or right end of the flat plate 63.
The rod 631A of is attached to the cylinder 63
The extension and contraction of No. 1 can change the angle of the flat plate 63 with respect to the work advancing direction to adjust the direction of soil gathering.

Next, the leveling work that accompanies the scale expansion of the paddy field using the leveling work machine described above will be described. First,
When the paddy field (Fig. 12) that is the work purpose is subjected to the tillage reversing work using the bottom working machine 10 (Fig. 13), in this case, the plow floor S of the field is always in the horizontal state according to the bottom working machine 10. The surface becomes closer to the ridge, and it is raised, but this is flattened by the later work. The importance of making the plow bed S horizontal is omitted because it has been described in the section of the prior art, but it is the most important work for the original purpose of the working machine of the present invention, thereby providing a paddy field with a uniform environment. It is possible to make the pattern uniform.

Further, the leveling work is carried out at the same time by using the leveling machine 60 to simultaneously level the coarsely crushed soil and crush the soil (FIG. 14).

The paddy field (FIG. 15) to be described next shows a case where two fields A and B having a difference above ground are formed in one field as the scale increases, and there is a ridge AZ in the middle part. When removing this ridge AZ and expanding the paddy field scale, first,
Except for the ridges AZ, the part of the field B is tilled and inverted. At this time, the plowing depth is set deeper than the field A portion (FIG. 16). Then, the soil in the lower layer, which has become the upper layer, is dried and then coarsely crushed, while the soil in the upper layer is moved to the field A portion for rough ground preparation (Fig.
7). In this state, the field scene heights of both fields A and B are the same.

Further, the plowing bottom S of both the fields A and B is ploughed and inverted by using a bottom working machine so that the plow bottoms S thereof are commonly horizontal (FIG. 18). Finishing is performed using the leveling machine of the present invention so that

FIGS. 19 and 20 show the actual leveling work using the conventional leveling machine K, and the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in the embodiment of the present invention. First, when the field surface L is tilted by α with respect to the absolute horizontal plane, the state of the tractor T is tilted, so that the leveling machine K is necessarily tilted by α. For this reason, leveling work is performed 5 times
It is necessary to repeat it repeatedly. The cause is that the crusher 62 is fixed to the frame. Therefore, in the leveling work, the leveling plate 63 is tilted by α, and the work is required to be redone many times.

On the other hand, according to the leveling machine 60 of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the crusher 62 has the support shaft central shaft 622A and the arm 62 has the frame 61 with respect to the frame 61.
Since both end portions are supported by 2 so as to be able to move up and down, it is possible to work while maintaining the horizontal state without being constrained by the posture of the frame 61. Therefore, the crushing machine 62 can perform the crushing work in a substantially horizontal state, and the flat plate 63 can perform the shaving work at an angle smaller than α. Therefore, it is possible to make the surface of the field even by multiplying it approximately twice.

In the above description, the flat plate 63 can be replaced with another work function machine corresponding to the purpose of another work. Specifically, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, a comb-shaped rake 163 may be provided instead of the leveling machine, and the sled member 164 is attached to the rear side of the rake 163 attached to the frame 61.
The support leg 16 is provided between the frame 61 and the sled member 164.
5 is provided so that the reaction force received by the sled member 164 can be suppressed. The sled member 164 has a function as a fulcrum member, and has a function as a pressure suppressor in the leveling compound work machine, and is given as a specific example.

The rake 163 has the grounding point 163X at the middle (almost center position) between the hitch point h1 of the lower link RL and the grounding point S1 of the sled member 164, and the mounting position is the same as that of the flat plate.

The mounting pin ULX (mounting point) of the upper link UL on the mast 68 is not fixed to the mast 68, and the mast 68 has a long hole 68A (the mounting pin freely moves along the working direction). A free zone) that allows the upper link UL is attached by attaching the attachment pin ULX. In other words, the mounting pin ULX is allowed to freely move within the range of the length of the long hole 68A in relation to the posture of the working machine.

As described above, the upper link UL of the tractor T is attached to the working machine 60 through the long hole 68A, and the lower link RL of the tractor T is positioned below the mast 68 in FIG. At (hitch point h
1) Hitched. The lower link RL is subject to the vertical movement control action by the lift rod 51 of the lift mechanism of the tractor T, and is as shown in FIG. 5 and its description.

Then, the leveling machine 60 shown in FIG.
A case where the field leveling work is performed by using will be described.
Since the tractor T (the rear wheel is shown in the figure) runs along the unevenness of the field, the tractor T moves up and down repeatedly by explaining (using the rake of FIG. 35 as a working function machine). (Fig. 34). That is,
When the vehicle runs along the uneven curve Tx existing in the field (the tire moves), the tire itself also moves up and down,
For example, when changing to the positions of X, Y, and Z (X is a high position, Y is an average position, and Z is a low position), the lower link R
The mounting position h2 on the tractor T side of L also changes to X, Y, and Z, but the hitch point h1 does not change. After passing the rake 163, a linear plane such as Hy is formed.

Specifically, the hitch point h1 with the lower link RL is controlled so as to be at a constant height regardless of the vertical movement of the tractor. For example, the flat plate 63 (rake 163) is used in the field. When located on the convex and concave portions existing in F, the light receiving portion 31 projects above the reference plane, in other words, above the reference plane drawn by the laser light. When the light-receiving unit 31 deviates from the reference plane H, a control signal from the control box 34 is sent to the lift mechanism 50, and the hydraulic circuit is switched according to this signal. That is, a signal that causes the light receiving unit 31 to return to the reference plane H is output, the switching valve 35 is switched, and the lift cylinder 54 is extended. At this time, the working machine 60
The pressure oil is applied in a direction to extend the rod 54A of the lift cylinder 54 so as to control the posture in a direction of pushing down the front end portion of the lift cylinder 53, whereby the lift arm 53 is rotated and pushes the lift rod 51 to move the lower link RL. By lowering, the front end portion of the work machine 60 is lowered so that the light receiving unit 31 is located on the reference plane H, and the posture is controlled.

Here, in order to facilitate understanding, considering the case where there is no elongated hole 68A (free zone) in the mast 68, when the tractor travels on the unevenness existing in the field, the tractor naturally moves. It is accompanied by vertical movement.
This vertical movement is transmitted to the working machine to which it is attached, and the light receiving unit 31 also moves up and down. By the vertical movement of the light receiving unit 31, the control circuit operates so that the light receiving unit is on the reference plane, and the working machine is controlled so that the hitch point of the lower link is at a predetermined height with respect to the reference plane. It In other words, the vertical movement due to the traveling movement of the tractor is directly transmitted to the working machine, and in an extreme case, the working machine is lifted. It will be done and the intended purpose cannot be achieved. However, the upper link UL
Since the mounting point of the mast 68 is a long hole, the actual vertical movement control amount of the tractor is not transmitted to the working machine as it is, but it is transmitted in both the upper and lower directions. In other words, since the leveling machine as a work function machine exists between the hitch point of the lower link RL and the fulcrum member, the vertical movement control of the tractor is performed as the vertical movement of the leveling machine with the fulcrum member as the fulcrum. In order to be transmitted, the principle of leverage will make it smaller and transmit it.

In other words, when the height of the working machine 60 changes due to the laser light receiving portion 31 deviating from the plane indicated by the plane signal H drawn by the laser emitting portion 33, how much the light receiving portion 31 deviates from the reference plane. Control box 34
And calculates the control amount, inputs a signal corresponding to the correction value to the hydraulic circuit of the lift mechanism 50 provided in the tractor, and controls and drives the lower link via the lift rod 51. Thereby, the posture of the work machine is controlled, that is, the light receiving unit 31 can be positioned on the reference plane.

In addition to the leveling work machine as the work function machine mentioned above, a rotary harrow, as shown in FIG.
A paddy harrow 163H or the like is used for the sled member 16
A grounding wheel 167, which is constantly provided in the grounding direction at the rear position of 5, is also used. Since the grounding wheel 167 is pressed by the spring 167A, the spring deforms due to the reaction force and cannot serve as a fulcrum member. The fulcrum member for the work function device is a sled member.

As the working function machine, as shown in FIG. 37, the beam standard 163 of the sub-soiler working machine is used.
S, a commonly known knife is used, and a tail wheel 167Y having a height adjusting function is used as a fulcrum member.

In each of these working machines, the mast 68 is provided, and the mounting pin ULX of the upper link UL is mounted through the elongated hole 68A provided in the mast 68, and the mounting pin ULX is located from the reference plane of the light receiving portion. Although it has been described that the mounting pin ULX can freely move within the range of the elongated hole 68A by detecting the deviation and operating the lift mechanism, as shown in FIG. 33 (C), as described above. , The upper link UL is provided with an expansion / contraction mechanism, and the mounting pin UL is
The movement distance corresponding to the movement of X can be performed by expanding and contracting the upper link itself.

As shown in FIG. 33B, the mast 6
The movable part mast 68Y is pivotally attached to the top of 8, and the upper link UL is attached to the movable part mast 68Y.
The posture of the working machine can also be known by a method of detecting the movement of the upper link UL by the change in the inclination of the movable part mast 68Y.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 33 (A),
The posture of the working machine can also be detected by the type in which the upper link UL is attached to the elongated hole 68B by the pivot pin ULY at the attachment point on the tractor side.

FIG. 34 shows a state in which the surface of the field is shaved or transported by a leveling machine, and is relatively small after the leveling plate 63 has passed relative to the relatively large irregularities Tx on the surface. A surface is formed by the unevenness Ty, and a surface parallel to the reference plane H is formed. The small irregularities Ty on the surface form an average flat surface.

Further, FIG. 37 shows an example in which the sub-soiler working machine is applied as a working machine. According to this working machine, the groove bottom formed by the chisel 163S is similar to the plane Hy on the field surface in FIG. It is formed on a flat surface without irregularities.

In the above description, the working machine of the mounting example by the three-point hitch type was cited, and next, the mounting example by the linkage drawbar will be described. First, FIG. 38 and FIG. 39 show an example of a leveling work machine 80, in which a cross bar 81 is supported by a lower link RL included in the tractor T, and the cross bar 81 is the maximum of a frame 82 constituting the work machine. It is attached to the tip position.

In this working machine 80, the pole 31X having the light receiving portion 31 attached thereto is erected on the frame 82 at the tip end position close to the forefront, so that the relationship with the reference plane H can be detected. It has become. Since this working machine 80 is for leveling work,
It has a flat plate 83, and this flat plate 83 is the frame 82.
It is supported by an arm 83A whose end is fixed to and is attached to the frame 82. A tine 84 is provided on the rear side of the flat plate 83 in the working direction. The tine 84 is for crushing the soil on the surface, and the crushing type is not limited to this tine, and can be replaced with another crushing machine.

Further, at the rear end portion of the frame 82, there is a compression wheel 85 having a coil shape, and the compression wheel 85 has a support shaft 85B at its center position, and the support shaft 85B has an end portion at the frame 82. It is supported by the free end of an arm 85A which is pivotally supported on. The pivot 85X of the arm 85A allows the arm 85A to freely rotate, but functions as a fulcrum member in the various working machines. The squeezing machine as the fulcrum member is the most flat plate 6 on the edge.
When 3 is approached, it can be lifted, which enables leveling work from the ridge. In the control work for that purpose, the compression wheel 85 as a fulcrum member is raised upward. As its configuration, a mounting seat 86B of the rod 86A of the hydraulic cylinder 86 is formed at an intermediate position of the arm 85A, and the rod 86X of the hydraulic cylinder 86 is mounted on the mounting seat 86B. The middle part of the support arm 86Y is erected from the frame 82.
It is pivotally supported by. This allows the hydraulic cylinder 86 to freely expand and contract.

At the rearmost part of the working machine 80, a movable wheel arm 87 having a pivot point 85X with respect to the frame 81 and a pivot point coaxially with the frame 81 is long in the work advancing direction and is wide in the work width direction. Two of them are pivotally attached. A caster type moving wheel 88 is attached to the open end of each moving wheel arm 87 via a caster shaft 88A so that the moving wheel 88 can be freely turned in accordance with the moving direction.

The moving wheel arm 87 is provided with an arm 89B at an intermediate position thereof, and the hydraulic cylinder 8 is attached to the arm 89B.
Nine rods 89A are pivotally mounted, and the rod 89A of the hydraulic cylinder 89 is expanded and contracted to rotate the movable wheel arm 87 in a vertical plane to ground the movable wheel 88 or lift it from the surface of the field. Is able to. During operation, the moving wheel 88 has a rod 89A of the hydraulic cylinder 89 as shown by a broken line in FIG.
Is contracted from the surface of the field, and the flat plate 83, the tines 84, and the compression ring 85 functioning as a fulcrum member are provided on the surface of the field.

Since this working machine is mounted on the tractor without using the upper link, it is not necessary to consider the free movement of the upper link unlike the above-described working machine, and the mounting point ULX of the upper link UL is not considered. The movement is not limited to the range of the long hole 68X and can be freely moved. Therefore, while the leveling work is performed, the leveling work machine 80 is moved up and down according to the degree to which the light receiving unit 31 is separated from the reference plane.
Is used as a fulcrum member to move up and down, so that the flat plate 83 is moved up and down within a range smaller than the actual vertical movement control amount of the lower link RL.

Further, when the light receiving portion 31 deviates from the reference plane H, the lift mechanism of the tractor operates to control the attitude of the leveling work machine via the lower link RL.
In this case, the hydraulic mechanism of the lift mechanism and the like are the same as those described above, and the control thereof is also the same as that of the working machine described above, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Further, in the case of inter-field movement in which the working machine 80 is moved from the field to another field, it is particularly effective if it is a large working machine in which the entire working machine cannot be lifted only by the lifting action on the lower link RL. Yes, in this case, first, the moving wheels 88 are forcibly grounded. That is, the hydraulic cylinder 89 is extended, the movable wheel arm 87m is rotated clockwise in FIG. 38, and the movable wheel 88 is grounded on the surface of the field, so that the flat plate is floated in the air. This state is held by the hydraulic circuit lock and pulled by the tractor. At this time, the front end of the working machine 80 is lifted by the lift mechanism of the tractor.

This type is suitable for a large working width, that is, suitable for a large leveling working machine and is preferably used for a heavy working machine that exceeds the lift capacity of the tractor. Further, since the moving wheels 88 are of the caster type, it is possible to reliably follow the steering of the tractor when traveling on the road, for example, and corner traveling is easy.

Further, even in the leveling work machine of the towing type by the linkage drawbar, as shown in FIGS. 39 and 40, one hitch of the work machine is pivotally attached to the crossbar 81, and the work machine is the tractor. It is also possible to be able to run while drawing an arc independently of. That is, a hitch metal fitting is arranged and fixed at the most distal end of the leveling machine 80, and the hitch metal fitting 81A and the crossbar 81 are pivotally attached at a central position thereof by a hitch pin 81P. According to this, the crossbar 81 and the tractor are integrally mounted, but since the crossbar 81 and the tractor are allowed to rotate around the hitch pin 81P, the moving wheel 88 is of the caster type. not,
A tail wheel type that can support the load is sufficient. Also in this embodiment, the pressure suppressor 85 functions as a fulcrum member, and the vertical movement of the flat plate 83 is smaller than the control width by which the tractor actually moves vertically, that is, the vertical movement control amount by the lift mechanism of the tractor. In this case, the power source for the moving work of the moving wheels 88 and the lifting operation of the pressure suppressor 85 is covered by the output from the hydraulic power output device provided in the tractor.

[0070]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the bottom working machine used in the concrete working method of the present invention,
In paddy field plowing work, the plow bottom can be laid horizontally and the topsoil can be cultivated, so even if the surface environment has unevenness, the soil layer will eventually be a uniform paddy field. Therefore, the scraping work can be minimized, and a uniform pattern can be expected in any part of the field, whereby the production can be increased and the cost can be reduced.

In particular, in the case of the bottom working machine, since the height can be controlled at the front part and the rear part, the plow bottom can be easily leveled, and at the same time, the plow soil that has been turned upside down can be used. Can dry quickly and can start the next work process in a short period of time. Furthermore, since the position of the gauge wheel and even the heel moves on the bottom of the gutter groove inverted by the bottom, the working machine is horizontal. As a result, the bottom working machine can be reliably maintained in a horizontal state.

Further, in the sixth invention and the thirteenth invention, when the working function machine is moved up and down by the lift mechanism of the tractor, there is play between the mast and the mounting point of the upper link, that is, so-called. There is a free zone, the mounting point can move freely within a certain range, and especially since the fulcrum member is always in contact with the field surface at the rear end position of the working machine, while maintaining a stable posture. Since the working function machine is controlled with a vertical width that is smaller than the actual vertical control width by the lift mechanism of the tractor, even when there are large irregularities in the field,
The surface of the field can be finished into a flat surface with relatively small unevenness (although it is governed by the traveling speed of the tractor), which can contribute to making the field conditions uniform.

Furthermore, in the sub-soiler having the work function device, the bottom of the underdrain or the like can be formed along the reference plane.

Further, according to the working machine mounted by the linkage draw bar or the towing type, the working function machine can be moved up and down with the fulcrum member as the fulcrum even in the vertical control utilizing the lift mechanism of the tractor, which is stable. Since the vertical control width of the tractor can be made smaller than the actual vertical control width of the tractor while maintaining the posture, the surface of the field can be surely finished to a plane parallel to the reference plane.

Also, mounting by a linkage drawbar,
Furthermore, even in the case of tow-type mounting, the work function machine is controlled in the vertical direction using the fulcrum member as a fulcrum, so not only the field surface is leveled, but also a flat finish for other work purposes. It can be carried out.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a bottom working machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an outline of a control system of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing another embodiment of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a control system of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a control system of the leveling work machine.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the leveling machine.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a part of a leveling machine.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a part of a leveling machine.

FIG. 10 is another side view of the leveling machine.

FIG. 11 is another side view of the leveling machine.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a work target field.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the work target field after being inverted.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of roughly crushed soil in a work target field after leveling.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a work target field.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view with ridges removed from two fields.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of two fields.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which two fields are roughly crushed.

FIG. 19 is a rear view of the tractor in a working state with a conventional working machine.

FIG. 20 is a rear view of the leveling work machine in a working state with a conventional work machine.

FIG. 21 is a rear view of the tractor in a working state with the working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a rear view of the leveling work machine in a working state by the work machine of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a plan view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a side view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a plan view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a side view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a schematic explanatory view of a lift mechanism of a tractor.

FIG. 28 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a control mechanism such as a gauge wheel.

FIG. 29 is a side view of the leveling implement of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a partial plan view of the leveling machine of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a side view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is an explanatory view schematically showing the relationship between the upper link and the elongated hole and the relationship with the lift mechanism.

33A, 33B, and 33C are explanatory views of another mechanism replacing the elongated hole in FIG. 32.

FIG. 34 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a state of leveling work in a field.

FIG. 35 is a side view of a rake working machine as another working function machine of a flat plate.

FIG. 36 is a side view of a work machine showing a halo as a work function machine.

FIG. 37 is a side view of a work machine showing a subsoiler as a work function machine.

FIG. 38 is a side view of a leveling work machine using a leveling plate mounted by a linkage drawbar type as a working function unit and having caster type moving wheels.

FIG. 39 is a side view of a leveling work machine having a leveling plate pivotally mounted so as to be rotatable at a hitch point and mounted by a linkage drawbar type as a working function machine.

FIG. 40 is a plan view of the leveling implement shown in FIG. 39.

[Explanation of Codes] 10 Bottom Working Machine 11 Front Frame 12 Mast 13 Lower Frame 14 Reverse Cylinder 221 Main Frame 222 Frame 223 Bottom 223Z Final Bottom 223X Stopper 224 Support Frame 31 Light Receiver 31A Front Light Receiver 31B Rear Light Receiver 31X Pole 32 Horizontal sensor 32A Front light receiving part 32B Rear light receiving part 33 Laser light emitting part 34 Control circuit 35 Switching valve 36 Pump 37 Flow control valve 41 Gauge wheel 411 Heel 42 Swing arm 43 Control cylinder 43X, 43Y Pressure oil chamber 44 Control Circuit 46 Flow control valve 50 Lift mechanism 51 Lift rod 52 Pivot point 53 Lift arm 54 Lift cylinder 54A Rod 60 Leveling work machine 61 Frame 62 Crusher 63 Leveling plate 64 Squeezing Machine 65 Frame 65A Arm 65B Mast 66 Pivoting pin 67 Telescopic cylinder 163 Rake 163X Grounding point 164 Sledding member 68 Mast 68A Long hole 68B Long hole 68Y Movable part mast UL Upper link RL Lower link ULX mounting pin ULY mounting pin 80 Working machine Crossbar 81A Hitch metal fitting 81P Hitch pin 82 Frame 83 Flat plate 84 Tine 85 Compressor ring 85A Arm 85B Compressor ring 85X Pivot 86 Hydraulic cylinder 87 Moving wheel arm 88 Moving wheel 89 Hydraulic cylinder 89A Rod

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[Submission date] September 24, 1996

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Title: Bottom working machine and field working machine for forming a uniform soil layer in a field

[Claims]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bottom working machine for forming a uniform soil layer in a field, and a working machine for forming a flat field surface, a flat groove, and the like. It is suitable for tillage reversal work to form a uniform soil layer with this as a reference.Furthermore, not only on the surface of the field, but also when forming a culvert or groove, it is parallel to the reference plane. The present invention relates to a field work machine capable of forming a plane.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is easy to imagine that it is important to make the soil environment uniform throughout the field in order to make effective use of the field. become. What has been considered so far is only to consider the leveling of the surface, not the inside of the soil. Most importantly, it is important to make the soil layer uniform not only on the surface of the field but also on the plow bed of the field, especially horizontally. In Japan, Tabata rotation was used in the past as a typical measure for effective use of the field, but wheat production as a back crop has declined because of unprofitable price competition. This crop rotation was one of the measures to infuse the soil with vitality, but now that it is not carried out, it is necessary to manage the field by some measures. At present, although not limited to rice, the tendency of import liberalization of all agricultural products is increasing, and the paddy fields are more and more prone to dormancy, which limits the planted area of paddy rice. .

Most of the paddy fields subject to production adjustment will be used as fields, but the paddy fields will be permanently transformed into fields, or the paddy fields will be left and the form of use will be changed, such as conversion of fields. The way of thinking varies greatly depending on whether you take it or not. So far, rice production has been adjusted several times. In the past, the so-called reduction ratio was not so large, so it was carried out from poorly-conditioned (low-yielding paddy rice) paddy fields, and the converted crops were also thrown away, making it a shift for farmers' management. The specific gravity of the field was not so great. However, how to use paddy fields where paddy rice cannot be cultivated has become an important issue in the current production adjustments, which are close to saturation even in terms of area.

Cultivation of rice is also carried out in various foreign countries, and in the case of countries that do not eat rice as a staple food, and even in countries such as Japan that do not have a food tube system, rice production always considers supply and demand. It has been implemented. For example, in Italy, it is said that the field conversion is being implemented as a measure for rice production adjustment. This leaves the function of the paddy field in the cultivated land, controls the planted area of the paddy rice according to the market conditions, makes it possible to stabilize the rice price, and also plays the role of maintaining the fertility of the cultivated land. Due to the progress of Japanese agriculture centered on paddy rice, huge investments have been made in infrastructure development, dams for securing irrigation water, and water drainage. Rice production adjustments either limit the area planted or not paddy rice. The use of cultivated land that makes the best use of the “water” function of paddy fields makes good use of the investment that has been made to improve productivity in paddy fields. Depending on the way of thinking, it can be said that the time has come to reaffirm active multipurpose use of paddy fields and restart Japanese agriculture centered on paddy fields. In other words, there is increasing momentum for reconfirming the use of paddy fields by field rotation and improving crop productivity. The form of use of paddy fields by "Tabata rotation" has been attracting attention in Japan for a long time, and its economic efficiency is also discussed and it is said that it is an effective means.
For example, it has been said that the yield of paddy rice on the ruins of upland fields increases by 10 to 15%, while the fertilizer can save 20 to 40%, resulting in a high income effect.

[0005] However, in the past Japanese agriculture, Tabata rotation has not been established as an invariant one. There are many possible reasons for this, but the main ones are stable rice prices and ease of paddy rice cultivation due to the spread of paddy rice cultivation technology. So-called Sunday farming can secure a certain amount of yield as long as high yields are not required, and there was no need to worry about the continuous crop failure that is seen in field crops. Therefore, the former Tabata conversion was
It is often done in a limited area with special circumstances (for example, irrigation water is low, there is no field, etc.), and the advantages of Tabata rotation were not positively incorporated.

[0006] In order to carry out field conversion, it is first necessary to consider the difference between paddy fields and fields. Tabata rotation is the mutual use of the same arable land as a paddy field or a field, but there is a large difference in the nature of the soil between the paddy field and the field in order to position this usage pattern as a characteristic.
In the case of paddy fields, the soil will be flooded and the soil will be put under a reducing condition at least during the rice cultivation period. This difference in redox conditions (amount of oxygen in the soil) has a great influence on the properties of the soil. First of all, since many of the pathogens are living using oxygen (for example, filamentous fungi cannot live without oxygen), they are difficult to grow in paddy fields where reducing conditions are developing. Although paddy rice has been continuously cultivated for more than 1000 years, the biggest reason why continuous cropping failure does not occur in paddy rice is the development of reducing conditions for paddy fields. Second, the development of reducing conditions is not limited to microorganisms,
It also has a great effect on nutrients such as phosphoric acid. As described above, the oxygen content is large under the oxidation condition, but under this condition, the nitrogen content and the phosphoric acid content are small. In particular, in the case of phosphoric acid, fertilizing effect is small under oxidizing conditions because iron phosphate and the like are poorly soluble, but under reducing conditions, iron is leached out in the form of divalent iron. Fertilizer effect increases.

Thirdly, comparing the nutrient conditions in the soil for each soil, the nutrients of all the nutrients are the smallest in the paddy field and the most in the vegetable field. Potassium and phosphoric acid are abundant in the vegetable field, and the amount of effective phosphoric acid is obviously large in the vegetable field, and the amount in the facility soil is about 15 times that in the paddy soil. Considering that 50 milligrams / 100 grams is sufficient for the amount of effective phosphoric acid even in the vegetable field, it is understood how much phosphoric acid is accumulated in the vegetable field soil. You can do it. While containing a large amount of nutrients,
Due to their low fertility, higher nutrients are applied, which also results in increased uptake. 4th
Moreover, excessive salt accumulation not only wastes fertilizer but also adversely affects the growth of crops. Recently, it is becoming a concern that the accumulation of salts in a vegetable field deteriorates the growth environment of crops, and microorganisms that should not cause harm to crops hinder the growth of crops.

[0008] Considering the fertility of the Tabata soil,
It is generally said that the decomposition of organic matter proceeds more easily in fields than in paddy fields. Regarding the amount of compost applied, 1 ton (10 ares) in paddy fields and 3 tons (the same) in fields are tentative standards, and the fields have required large amounts of organic matter. Overall, it is true that the decomposition of organic matter is difficult to progress in paddy fields, but in terms of easily degradable parts, the fields are not necessarily less than the paddy fields, and the microbes are different in the paddy fields. As I did. Most of microorganisms live on organic matter. Therefore, the decomposition status of organic matter differs depending on the microorganism, and it is considered that the decomposition of organic matter differs between the paddy field and the field. Comparing the decomposition of rice straw between paddy fields and fields, it was found that after applying rice straw to soil,
For 3 months, paddy fields are more likely to decompose than fields. One of the reasons for this is that the field is insufficient in water, so decomposition is difficult to proceed. Considering that it is easier to grow in the field from the beginning, it can be said that some components of rice straw are easier to grow in the paddy state. This fact suggests that some organic matter has a portion where decomposition proceeds rapidly even under reducing conditions. This phenomenon causes nitrogen fertility to increase in the paddy fields at the site of the upland field, resulting in a high yield of paddy rice. In the upland field, organic matter is rapidly decomposed, but in the process, when it is converted into paddy field, organic matter is rapidly decomposed and decomposed during the rice cultivation period to supply nitrogen. On the other hand, in paddy fields, decomposition of organic matter is generally suppressed with the development of reducing conditions, but decomposition of lignin, which is decomposed only by aerobic microorganisms (mainly filamentous fungi),
It becomes very difficult to proceed. As a result, even fragile carbohydrates trapped inside the lignin accumulate. When the soil becomes oxidative, the accumulated organic matter is rapidly decomposed, so that the decomposition of organic matter in the upland field of the paddy field also progresses rapidly. It is said that microbial cells occupy about 10% of soil organic matter, and the role of the microbial cells as a storage for nutrients cannot be ignored. Most aerobic microorganisms die under reducing conditions, while anaerobic microorganisms do not live well under oxidizing conditions. Therefore, it is considered that the microbial cells that had been active during the previous crop were killed in the paddy field of the paddy field or in the paddy field of the paddy field, and they are considered as a source of nutrients. For the above reasons, the fertility of the Tabata soil is presumed to be high.

[0009] The advantages of the field rotation include stable and high yield of crops. (1) Avoiding continuous crop failure in field crops, (2)
The high yield of paddy rice in the field remains, and (3) the high yield of soybean in the paddy rice. Furthermore, reduction of fertilizer (especially effective use of phosphoric acid) of paddy rice in upland field, effective use of organic matter (by applying organic matter to upland field, prevention of reduction damage, etc., and effect of utilizing difference of organic matter decomposition between oxidation and reduction) Resource utilization) and pesticide savings (decrease in weeds and occurrence of continuous crop failure), which can save resources. In addition, it has the role of maintaining paddy field function and water conservation. There are also problems in field rotation, including (1) excess drainage, poor drainage, (2) excess manganese in the converted field, (3) sterilized paddy field, and (4) rare soil disease in the converted field. Occurrence (due to lack of bacteriostatic action), etc. may hinder crop growth.
Furthermore, there are restrictions on the use of cultivated land, which makes (1) establishment of facilities difficult, and (2) restrictions on deep-root crop cultivation.

As described above, although there are advantages and disadvantages to Tabata rotation, Tabata rotation is a very rational use form of cultivated land, paying attention to various soil properties in paddy fields and fields. I can say. It saves resources because it prevents the accumulation of excessive salts in the soil and enhances the effect of organic substances. And as for many people who have introduced vegetables and flowers as converted crops, the prevention of continuous cropping failures due to Tabata rotation is expected,
The effect is being confirmed by testing and research institutions in various regions. The avoidance of soil diseases can achieve stable and high yield of crops together with high yield of paddy rice in the restored rice field. However, not all paddy fields are suitable for field rotation.For example, poor drainage soil such as gray soil may be difficult to use as a conversion field, and soil with excessive drainage such as sandy soil may It is more suitable for upland use than paddy fields.

[0011] Some of the problems in the field conversion are solved by high ridge cultivation and no-till cultivation in restored fields, and many paddy fields are provided with sufficient drainage countermeasures by the foundation preparation. In addition, the promotion of crop rotations for consecutive years makes it possible to use paddy fields in good condition for field conversion. Of course, it would be impossible to introduce vegetables and flowers into all the converted fields in view of the current oversupply situation, and the spread of institutional cultivation would make the short-term Tabata rotation economically impossible. There is. However, considering the advantages of Tabata rotation, the cultivation of vegetables and flowers has been incorporated into the Tabata rotation format.
We think that it is worth trying to utilize the vacant fields for cultivation of crops with less accumulation of salt and continuous crop failure, and to devise the structure and dismantle it when constructing the facility. It can be said that the limitation of paddy rice cultivation has re-evaluated the field conversion, but the introduction of the field conversion is not passive, but it is an agricultural method that should be actively adopted. Everyone knows that if the soil becomes acidic, it will be neutralized with lime, etc., and Japan's agriculture, which has a lot of rain and volcanic ash soil, has been built up by the results of soil acidity measures. It is no exaggeration to say that However, it is necessary to carry out the work by keeping in mind that the chemical reaction includes a redox reaction in addition to the neutralization reaction. The redox reaction is very important to us both humans and soil microorganisms, and as described above, the redox conditions of the soil have a great influence on the state of existence of substances in the soil. Paddy field agriculture has been developed and maintained by mutually incorporating the reducing state during the flooding period and the oxidizing state during the flooding period. Some of the present-day soil is "sick" due to excessive accumulation of salt and the occurrence of continuous cropping damage, and if this condition continues, the soil will only get further sick. Thus, from the standpoint of soil protection in the field, field conversion is one of the effective measures. Tabata rotation is suitable for Japanese agriculture, and regardless of whether so-called field conversion is used to convert surplus paddy fields, it is necessary to make the soil in the field fertile and also make the field environment uniform. It is no exaggeration to say that not only internalization is structural, but also the achievement of leveling of the surface of the soil determines the light and darkness of Japanese agriculture.

[0012]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In order to activate Japanese agriculture, as mentioned above, along with soil fertility, a large-scale field is profitably required, which not only saves labor but also increases the yield per unit area. It is necessary to expand the quantity. However, although the labor saving has been achieved to some extent by mechanization of the work, it is extremely difficult to improve the yield per unit area, that is, the so-called yield.
In particular, it is extremely difficult to expect a uniform crop in a large-scale field, and to overcome this it is necessary to make the soil environment uniform, and if this could not be achieved, the scale would increase. It means that the yield could not be expanded so much. Therefore, if uniform crops can be expected over the entire field, it is possible to revitalize Japanese agriculture in combination with the improvement of work efficiency due to scale expansion. Therefore, the present invention is not only a national policy to increase the scale of fields, but also activates the soil, and further equalizes the soil-growing environment throughout the field to obtain high yields and is sufficient for international competition in terms of cost. Countering is aimed at fostering agriculture.

Originally, to prepare the environment of a paddy field is to improve the permeability and drainage property of the paddy field and prevent excessive scratching which may promote respiratory disorder of the crop. However, in reality, they do not prefer excessive scraping work, but there are timing restrictions in supplying water to paddy fields, and the rice planting time is limited due to the relationship with the growth of seedlings. Therefore, it is necessary to level the surface of the paddy field in a short time to enable the rice planting work, and the scraping work performed for that purpose should be minimized, but the current scraping work is the original scraping work. Instead, the purpose is to move the soil mainly through water and learn from the surface of the water to finish the leveling work on the rice field in a short time. This work is technically labor intensive and difficult. In addition, the scraping work is adopted to improve the effect of the herbicide. If the surface of the paddy field can be leveled before it is filled with water, only one scraping operation is sufficient and the problem of excessive scraping does not occur. However, it is extremely difficult to make the surface of the field horizontal in the agricultural situation of Japan, which mainly uses rotary tillers. This is because the rotary cultivator uses the depth from the surface as the work standard, and the surface irregularities are left as it is, and the hardness difference of the soil changes the cultivating depth, so it is not exactly constant. . Further, the seeds of weeds are also agitated by the agitation of the soil by the rotary, and further agitation work is required to enhance the effect of the herbicide. For this reason, the soil on the surface of the field is considerably moved in one year due to rotary agitation, wind, and the drainage environment, and it is necessary to correct this movement every year.
However, although the leveling of the surface is performed by a leveling machine or the like, this is the leveling of only the surface, and it is necessary to equalize the soil formation environment in the entire soil layer, in other words, in the depth direction. Little soil modification has been done. Next, I will briefly describe what improvements and improvements are necessary. Paddy fields are roughly classified into wet fields, dry fields, and leaky fields.
It can be divided into two. The most ideal paddy field is the dry paddy field, but this dry paddy field is hardly seen in the present rural areas, as it is said to be "old dry field and now wet field". In the case of dry rice field, even if a paddle is applied, the water depth for paddy water (reduction rate) is 15 to 20 mm per day, and oxygen (02) can be uniformly supplied to the entire soil. On the other hand, in the case of wetlands, the grain size of the soil becomes too small each time the soil is plucked, and the reduction depth (sedimentation rate) of the paddy water is extremely small or almost zero. ) Can not be supplied, and respiratory failure can be caused to expect sufficient growth of rice. Then, what is meant by an ideal paddy field is that it is required that the plow layer is usually horizontal, not the surface of the paddy field but under the cropping layer. However, until now, the focus has been on leveling the surface of the paddy fields, and this work has been generalized because it can be performed relatively easily.
In extreme cases, a paddy field with a horizontal surface can be created without any soil layer, which facilitates water management.
It was believed that if fertilizers were applied to this, it would be desirable to increase the yield, and an ideal paddy field would be created, but in reality, it is an ideal paddy field that is sham and does not increase the yield. Despite this, the reason why the work has been focused on leveling the surface of the paddy field is that the meaning of horizontal is misunderstood as being relative to the surface or it was misunderstood. Therefore, it is not possible to grow rice with sufficient yield just by leveling the surface of the paddy field, but if the surface of the paddy field can be turned upside down and the depth of the cropping layer can be made uniform, instead of leveling the surface of the paddy field Not only is it easier to control the growth of rice by suppressing the growth of weeds, the effect of fertilization is improved even with a small amount, it is resistant to changes in the weather, and it is reformed into a system that can achieve stable revenue growth. However, in the history of rice farming, there is little awareness of making the part that is usually called the plow layer under the soil layer horizontal, and attention is focused only on the growth management of the above-ground part. The present invention proposes a work machine and a work method suitable for making the environment of the field suitable for the growth of the crop regardless of the rotation of the field or the conversion of the field, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems of Japanese agriculture. In order to contribute to the development of strong Japanese agriculture that can not only solve the problems and prepare a paddy environment suitable for rice cultivation but also fully support the internationalization of agriculture, we will form the most suitable paddy fields for rice cultivation. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a working machine suitable for. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a working machine suitable for leveling work on the surface of a field, and to provide a field working machine that is convenient for both a converted upland field and a rotary paddy field.

[0014]

To achieve the above object, the bottom working machine of the present invention has horizontal detecting means for controlling the posture, at least one of which is attached to a frame having a mast. Is a horizontal sensor for detecting the horizontal of the front end of the work proceeding direction, and the frame is equipped with a laser receiver, by receiving a plane signal drawn by the laser emitter installed outside the field,
The height of the working machine is controlled by the detected control signal in the height direction, and by the signal obtained by the horizontal sensor,
It is characterized in that the posture of the working machine is controlled by raising and lowering a gauge wheel provided at the rear end of the working machine or a heel having the same function as this. Has a horizontal detection means for controlling the posture, and the light receiving unit equipped at the front end, which is the portion where the posture of the bottom working machine does not change, and the posture change even if the posture of the bottom working machine changes. And a light-receiving unit provided near the rear end. Further, the bottom working machine has horizontal detection means for controlling the posture, and is characterized by being equipped with horizontal sensors near the front end and near the rear end of the bottom working machine in the work advancing direction. , Gauge wheel,
Or a heel having the same function as that in the working width of the final bottom so that it can be brought into contact with the wall of the groove, in addition to the gauge wheel, or the same function as this. It is characterized by being configured to move in a grave groove such as a heel with. In the following invention, in a field work machine including a mast for mounting the upper link mounted on the tractor, the mast to which the upper link is mounted has a free zone at its mounting position, and the upper zone is within the free zone. The attachment point of the link can be freely moved along the working direction and the frame of the working machine, or the lower link has a light receiving part that can be located in the plane drawn by the laser beam, and the frame of the working machine. A fulcrum member is present at the rear end portion of the tractor, and a work functioning device is present at least between the attachment point of the lower link and the fulcrum member. According to the output of the mechanism, the light receiving section is controlled to be positioned within a plane drawn by the laser beam. , Furthermore, in the field working machine mounted on the tractor by the traction type and the linkage drawbar type, the frame of the working machine, or the lower link has a light receiving section that can be positioned in a plane drawn by laser light, A fulcrum member exists at the rear end of the frame of the work machine, a work function machine exists at least between the mounting point of the lower link and the fulcrum member, and the tractor follows the plane signal received by the light receiving unit. The light receiving section is controlled so as to be positioned within the plane drawn by the laser beam by the output of the lift control mechanism included in the above. In these work machines, the work function machine is a bottom work machine, the work function machine is a flat plate, and further, the work function machine has a stirring function such as a rotary, paddy harrow, and ,
The work function machine is a rake, a grooving machine or the like. Further, in the above working machine, the fulcrum member is a wheel, a roller, or a sled member that comes into contact with the field surface. In the next invention, in a field working machine to be mounted in a tow type or a linkage drawbar type, the fulcrum member thereof is a wheel or a roller, and further, a sled member that comes into contact with the field surface, and the like. Using the fulcrum member as a fulcrum, the lift control mechanism provided in the tractor is driven by the plane signal received by the laser light receiving unit to control the height of the working machine.

According to the present invention, the plow bottom is formed horizontally during the tillage reversal work by the bottom working machine in order to make the topsoil environment of the paddy field uniform, and therefore the work is not performed in the bottom working machine. The height can be controlled at the front end and the rear end in the traveling direction, so that the working machine can always maintain a horizontal posture while the bottom is working. In addition, the position of the gauge wheel or heel having the same function as this is located in the final bottom, in other words, in the gutter groove ploughed by the bottom part of the bottom, and moves in close contact with the gutter wall. Since it moves along a horizontal plane, it is possible to work while maintaining the posture of the work machine horizontally, and it is possible to form the horizontal plane accurately in combination with horizontally controlling the posture of the work machine. .. Furthermore, in a field work machine typified by a leveling work machine, work such as soil carrying and earth cutting should be performed while the height of the leveling plate, which is used for direct work on the field surface, is kept at a certain level by a horizontal signal. In addition, the work can proceed while maintaining the horizontal state in the working width direction, the left and right of the crusher can move up and down freely, and the flat plate is in the working direction. By making an appropriate angle with respect to, it is possible to reduce the resistance to soil gathering. Further, the upper link can move within the range of the long hole through the long hole (free zone) of the mast. In other words, since the mounting point is provided with the play, the upper link is provided by the lift mechanism of the tractor. The vertical movement control width does not become the vertical movement width of the working machine as it is,
Even if the tractor moves up and down, only the front end of the work machine can be moved up and down with the fulcrum member as the fulcrum, so the work machine is not affected by the up and down movement of the tractor, and the unevenness existing in the field is corrected to be flat. can do. In particular, the resistance (load) generated during work in the field work machine serves as a transfer action to increase the traction force, which can be used even in a large work machine.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, a working method of a bottom working machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described. First, FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 attached show a reversible bottom plow working machine (hereinafter, abbreviated as working machine) which represents a working machine for horizontally plowing a plowing layer (plow floor). Reference numeral 10 indicates the working machine as a whole, and the working machine 10 is composed of a front frame 11 whose posture does not change even by a reverse motion and a reverse frame 21 which is rotated with respect to the front frame 11. There is. The front frame 11 has a mast 12 for mounting an upper link UL included in a tractor, and a lower frame 13 for mounting a lower link RL which spreads in the left-right working width direction at a lower end portion thereof.
Have.

A reverse frame 21 is attached to the front frame 11 via a main shaft of rotation, and the reverse frame 21 is connected to a lower end of a reverse cylinder 14 whose upper end is pivotally attached to the mast 12. The reverse frame 21 can be inverted by its expansion and contraction. The reverse frame 21 has a main frame 221 extending in the working width direction, and has a mounting frame 222 for mounting a bottom arranged obliquely to the main frame 221 (with respect to the working width). The pair of upper and lower bottoms 223 are attached to the mounting frame 222 to form an eight-bottom working machine.

The mounting frame 222 is supported by two supporting arms 224 extending rearward from the main frame 221, and the mounting frame 222 is supported at the rear end of the supporting arms 224.

The front frame 11 and the main frame 221 are rotatably supported by a support shaft 21A which is the center of rotation during reverse movement. Further, a laser receiving section 31 is attached to the mast 12 through a pole 31X, receives a plane signal H obtained from the laser emitting section 33, and the laser receiving section 31 is always drawn by a plane signal. The control in the height direction is performed so as to be located inside, and a lift mechanism included in the tractor is used for the control. In other words, the hitch point (mounting position) of the lower link of the tractor is controlled so as to have a constant height, which allows the work machine to move to a constant height by vertically moving the front end portion in the work advancing direction. Hold it at the height of. In other words, it is the lower link control by the lift mechanism of the tractor. Further, the height of the rear end portion of the working machine in the traveling direction is set by vertically moving a gauge wheel or the like.
The whole is controlled to be horizontal, and the signal received in the height direction or the signal from the horizontal sensor 32 is processed in the control box 34 (microcomputer) by the signal received by the laser light receiving unit 31, which will be described later. The solenoid valve 45 of the hydraulic circuit is controlled to open and close.

More specifically, at the rearmost position of the bottom frame 222, there is a gauge wheel 41, which is behind the final bottom 223Z, and the swing arm 4 with respect to the bottom frame 222.
The swing arm 42 is rotatably attached to the front end portion of the second frame 2. The swing arm 42 can change the ground angle (θ) by expanding and contracting the control cylinder 43. It can be controlled. By controlling the gauge wheel 41, it is possible to control the horizontal state of the working machine 10 in the left-right direction and the horizontal state of the front-rear direction. The signal obtained from the horizontal sensor 32 is sent to the hydraulic circuit of the horizontal control circuit included in the tractor. The control cylinder 43 is expanded and contracted by utilizing this hydraulic circuit, which may be a double-acting type or a single-acting type. The compression spring 43A is used to contract by supplying pressure oil. In this case, the return circuit of the pressure oil chamber 43A may be omitted and a one-way valve may be used in the piston instead.

The above description is of the type in which the height of the bottom 223 is selected by adjusting the height of the gauge wheel 41. However, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, instead of the gauge wheel 41, the heel is replaced. 411 can also be used. That is, the end of the rod 43A of the control cylinder 43 is connected to the center position of the heel support members 412, 413 having a square shape, and the heel 411 is attached to each of these heel support members 412, 413 by the pin 411A. 411 is attached to the pin 223Y with respect to the land side of the final bottom 223Z located at the most rear end of the bottom 223, and the stopper 223X is abutted on the front side from the pivot point to suppress the toe portion from rising. There is.

Therefore, when the control cylinder 43A is extended with the heel 411 grounded, the rear end of the bottom frame 222 to which the bottom is attached using the heel 411 as a tension member is raised. This control is performed when the bottom group is in the bottom-down state, and the work machine as a whole is maintained in a horizontal state. On the contrary, when it is detected that the bottom group is in the ascending state, the control cylinder 43A is contracted to slightly raise the grounded heel 411, so that the bottom group is lowered by that amount. , This maintains the horizontal state of the entire working machine. These controls are the same as the control of the gauge wheel, and by using the signal obtained by the horizontal sensor 32, the horizontal control circuit and the lift control mechanism provided in the tractor are used, or by the control of the gauge wheel or the heel. The horizontal state of the working machine 10 is controlled, and the plow bottom S of the field is controlled to be horizontal regardless of the state of the surface.

The lower link RL of the tractor is connected to the end of a lift rod 51 forming a lift mechanism 50 as schematically shown in FIG. The arm 53 extends, the rod 54A of the lift cylinder 54 is connected to the end of the lift arm 53, and the expansion and contraction motion of the lift cylinder 54 causes the lift arm 53 to rotate, thereby lowering the lower link RL via the lift rod 51. It can be moved up and down.

The lift cylinder 54 is controlled by the plane signal H from the light emitting portion 33 received by the laser light receiving portion 31 as shown in FIG. 5, and the drive source of the tractor is the pressure oil from the hydraulic pump 36. Driven by. That is, the signal is input to the control circuit 34 including the control microcomputer, and in this control circuit 34, the front part of the working machine 10 is raised and lowered to keep the working machine at a certain height, in other words, by the bottom. The plow bed formed is controlled to be horizontal. For this control, a switching valve 35 that switches the flow of pressure oil in response to a signal from the control circuit 34 is used, whereby pressure oil is supplied from the pump 36 to the lift cylinder 54 via the flow rate control valve 37. . The flow rate control valve 37 also receives a signal from the control circuit and its opening is controlled.

In FIG. 6, the signal from the horizontal sensor 32 is processed by the control circuit 44, and the horizontal control circuit provided in the tractor is driven to control the gauge wheel 41 or the heel 411, whereby the rear end portion of the working machine 10 is controlled. By moving up and down, the posture of the work machine as a whole can be controlled horizontally.

By moving the gauge wheel 41 up and down, the horizontal posture of the working machine 10 in the traveling direction is controlled.
That is, when the working machine 10 is in the forwardly raised state, the cylinder 43 is extended to increase the ground angle θ (angle with the horizontal plane) of the swing arm 42 that supports the gauge wheel 41. The work machine 10 is controlled to be in a horizontal state as a whole, that is, the plow floor S formed by the bottom 223 is controlled to be in a horizontal state.

In the mechanism for moving the gauge wheel 41 up and down, the lift mechanism shown in FIG. 5 is controlled by the signal from the light receiving section 31, whereas the horizontal signal obtained from the horizontal sensor 32 is driven by the control circuit 44. In order to control the flow rate of oil, first, pressure oil from a hydraulic pump (same as the hydraulic pump) is supplied to the control cylinder 43 via the switching valve 45 and the flow rate control valve 46. By swinging the swing arm 42, the gauge wheel 41
When the angle θ to the ground is changed and the angle is increased, the control cylinder 43 is contracted to supply the pressure oil to the pressure oil chamber 43X in the cylinder. At this time, there is a compression spring 43A in the pressure oil chamber 43Y, which pushes against the piston.
Apply a hydraulic pressure that exceeds the resistance of. In other words,
When it is necessary to raise the left end of the work machine 10, the control cylinder 43 is contracted, and conversely, when the left end is lowered, the control cylinder 43 is extended to control the attitude. This control can also be used for horizontal control of the working machine 10 in the front-rear direction. That is, if the ground angle increases, the rear end of the working machine 10 rises, and conversely, if the ground angle decreases, the rear end of the working machine 10 lowers.

Since the compression spring 43A constantly pushes the piston, the piston is pushed by simply releasing the pressure oil in the pressure chamber 43X, the control cylinder 43 extends, and in addition,
When the work implement 10 is lifted for reverse motion,
Since the swing arm 42 is released from the constraint such as the ground with which the gauge wheel is in contact, the gauge wheel 41 is always rotated in the direction in which the gauge wheel 41 is grounded by its own weight including the gauge wheel 41.

Since such an operation is controlled by a signal from the horizontal sensor 32, the posture of the working machine 10 is detected and the state is displayed to the operator of the tractor. Although the operator can manually perform the expansion and contraction of the control cylinder 43 or the lift cylinder 54 of the lift mechanism, the embodiment of the present invention automatically enables accurate control. In addition, the power source for each control, in other words, the hydraulic drive source is the one mounted on the tractor, and the horizontal sensor 3
2 is a horizontal sensor provided in the tractor in the width direction of the work advancing direction, so a sensor obtained by rotating the tractor by 90 degrees is used as a detection unit for horizontal control in the direction along the work advancing direction by its output. There is.

In the above description, the light receiving section 31 and the horizontal sensor 32 are used to detect that the working machine 10 is within a predetermined plane. However, as shown in FIG. 25, two light receiving sections 31A are provided. , 31B can be used to detect the horizontal attitude of the work machine and control the attitude. In this case, one light receiving portion 31A is attached to the front frame as in the above description, but the other light receiving portion 31B does not change its posture even when the attachment frame 222 is reversed. In order to prevent the posture of the light receiving section 31B from changing even when the arm 32 is reversed, the arm 32 is moved backward from the front frame 11.
X is extended and the light receiving portion 31B is attached thereto. Thereby, even when the main frame 222 is reversed, the light receiving unit 31B can maintain the standing state. In any case, the height of the front end portion of the working machine, in other words, the height of the lower link RL is controlled by the light receiving portion 31A, and the light receiving portion 31A is controlled.
B controls the height of the rear end of the working machine. In the above description, the bottom working machine is a reversible type bottom working machine, but it is also applicable to a standard type bottom working machine that does not reverse.

In the above description, the posture of the working machine 10 is controlled in order to make the plow bottom S of the field horizontal, but next, the field surface after plowing and reversing using the working machine 10 is described. A so-called leveling work machine 60 for leveling the soil will be described. As shown in FIG. 29 and below, this leveling work machine 60 includes a tine or disk type crusher 62 on the frame 61 of the work machine from the top in the working direction, then a leveling plate 63, and then a spring coil type crusher. This is a type provided with 64, and is a type that should be called a leveling combined working machine, unlike a mere leveling machine. The frame 65 of the crusher 64 has its center of rotation supported at the left and right ends of the crusher by the tips of the arms 65A, and the frame 65 is in a plane perpendicular to the frame 61 of the working machine by a pivot shaft 66. It is mounted so that it can be rotated. More specifically, a mast 65B is erected on the horizontal portion of the frame 65.
The rod 67 of the telescopic cylinder 67, which will be described later in detail in B,
The end portion of A is attached, and the expansion and contraction of the rod 67A allows the frame 65 to move up and down with respect to the frame 61 about a pivot pin 66 in a vertical plane in the work advancing direction. .

The expansion and contraction of the expansion and contraction cylinder 67 changes the angle θ of the support arm 64A supporting the pressure suppressor 64 with respect to the ground, so that the gap between the lower end edge 63X of the flat plate 63 and the ground surface, in other words, the flat plate 63. The height of the gap between the lower edge 63X and the surface of the field (actually contacting or cutting into the surface) is controlled.

Since the leveling machine 60 is also towed by the tractor, it has a mast 68 for mounting the upper link UL, and a pair of mounting plates 612 for mounting the lower link RL are provided at appropriate intervals. The arm type support plate 613, which is provided so as to project forward in the work advancing direction of the frame 61 in both of the spaces, is inserted into the space and the hitch pin 611.
It is supported at one point by means of and can freely rotate about the hitch pin 611 in the horizontal plane. The position of the hitch pin 611 is located in front of the position of the lower link RL so that the tractor T can travel along a curved line. Therefore, continuous work is possible without forming a headland in a field of one section. This part is the same as that shown in FIG.

The extension / contraction control of the extension / contraction cylinder 67 is performed by receiving the plane signal H emitted from the laser emission section 33 provided outside the field by the laser reception section 31 provided upright on the frame 61. The laser receiving section 31
Is controlled so as to be located in a plane drawn by the plane signal H, for example, in a horizontal plane, and the control is performed by controlling the soil angle of the gauge wheel 41 in the bottom working machine 10 described above, in other words, the height of the gauge wheel 41. The control can be performed in the same manner as the control, and the ground angle θ of the support arm 65A is controlled in place of the swing arm 42 in FIG. 2, and the coil forming the pressure suppressor 64 performs the same function as the gauge wheel 41. There is.

The leveling machine 60 is provided with a laser receiving section 31 for receiving the laser light emitted from the laser emitting section 33 standing upright at an appropriate place in the field, and the plane signal H is transmitted. If the light receiving unit 31 is always located in a horizontal plane as a reference plane to draw, the work implement 60 will work in a certain horizontal plane, and the field surface can be leveled. If the plane signal H has an inclination, the surface of the field can be inclined.

When the flat plate 63 is at a position deeper than a predetermined depth, the telescopic cylinder 67 is extended so as to suppress the pressure.
The coil forming the coil is deeply positioned, in other words, the position of the flat plate 63 is raised by increasing the ground angle θ of the swing arm 65A. In this case, the crusher 64 serves as a fulcrum to move the flat plate 63 up and down.

Further, when the flat plate 63 is at a position shallower than a predetermined depth, the swing arm 65A is reversed, contrary to the above.
By reducing the ground angle .theta. Of .alpha., The pressure suppressor 64 is raised, whereby the position of the flat plate 63 is lowered. This operation contracts the telescopic cylinder 57 to reduce the ground angle θ of the swing arm 65A. Since such operations are repeated, the leveling implement 60 is pulled by the tractor to level the surface of the field.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG.
A central axis 622A of the arm 62 is supported by an arm 622 whose one end is pivotally supported by the frame 61.
The other end of 2 can move in an arc. That is, the crusher 62 is capable of swinging vertically about the pivot point. Further, a cylinder 631 is provided at either the left or right end of the flat plate 63.
The rod 631A of is attached to the cylinder 63
The extension and contraction of No. 1 can change the angle of the flat plate 63 with respect to the work advancing direction to adjust the direction of soil gathering.

Next, the leveling work that accompanies the scale expansion of the paddy field using the leveling work machine described above will be described. First,
When the paddy field (Fig. 12) that is the work purpose is subjected to the tillage reversing work using the bottom working machine 10 (Fig. 13), in this case, the plow floor S of the field is always in the horizontal state according to the bottom working machine 10. The surface becomes closer to the ridge, and it is raised, but this is flattened by the later work. The importance of making the plow bed S horizontal is omitted because it has been described in the section of the prior art, but it is the most important work for the original purpose of the working machine of the present invention, thereby providing a paddy field with a uniform environment. It is possible to make the pattern uniform.

Further, the leveling work is carried out at the same time by using the leveling machine 60 to simultaneously level the coarsely crushed soil and crush the soil (FIG. 14).

The paddy field (FIG. 15) described below shows a case where two fields A and B having a difference above ground are formed in one field as the scale increases, and there is a ridge AZ in the middle part. If you want to remove this ridge AZ and expand the paddy field,
Except for the ridges AZ, the part of the field B is tilled and inverted. At this time, the plowing depth is set deeper than the field A portion (FIG. 16). Then, the soil in the lower layer, which has become the upper layer, is dried and then coarsely crushed, while the soil in the upper layer is moved to the field A portion for rough ground preparation (Fig.
7). In this state, the field scene heights of both fields A and B are the same.

Further, the plowing bottom S of both the fields A and B is ploughed and inverted by using a bottom working machine so that the plow bottoms S thereof are commonly horizontal (FIG. 18). Finishing is performed using the leveling machine of the present invention so that

FIGS. 19 and 20 show the actual leveling work using the conventional leveling machine K, and the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in the embodiment of the present invention. First, when the field surface L is tilted by α with respect to the absolute horizontal plane, the state of the tractor T is tilted, so that the leveling machine K is necessarily tilted by α. For this reason, leveling work is performed 5 times
It is necessary to repeat it repeatedly. The cause is that the crusher 62 is fixed to the frame. Therefore, in the leveling work, the leveling plate 63 is tilted by α, and the work is required to be redone many times.

On the other hand, according to the leveling machine 60 of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the crusher 62 has the support shaft central shaft 622A and the arm 62 has the frame 61 with respect to the frame 61.
Since both end portions are supported by 2 so as to be able to move up and down, it is possible to work while maintaining the horizontal state without being constrained by the posture of the frame 61. Therefore, the crushing machine 62 can perform the crushing work in a substantially horizontal state, and the flat plate 63 can perform the shaving work at an angle smaller than α. Therefore, it is possible to make the surface of the field even by multiplying it approximately twice.

In the above description, the flat plate 63 can be replaced with another work function machine corresponding to the purpose of another work. Specifically, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, a comb-shaped rake 163 may be provided instead of the leveling machine, and the sled member 164 is attached to the rear side of the rake 163 attached to the frame 61.
The support leg 16 is provided between the frame 61 and the sled member 164.
5 is provided so that the reaction force received by the sled member 164 can be suppressed. The sled member 164 has a function as a fulcrum member, and has a function as a pressure suppressor in the leveling compound work machine, and is given as a specific example.

The rake 163 has the grounding point 163X at the middle (almost center position) between the hitch point h1 of the lower link RL and the grounding point S1 of the sled member 164, and the mounting position is the same as that of the flat plate.

The mounting pin ULX (mounting point) of the upper link UL on the mast 68 is not fixed to the mast 68, and the mast 68 has a long hole 68A (the mounting pin freely moves along the working direction). A free zone) that allows the upper link UL is attached by attaching the attachment pin ULX. In other words, the mounting pin ULX is allowed to freely move within the range of the length of the long hole 68A in relation to the posture of the working machine.

As described above, the upper link UL of the tractor T is attached to the working machine 60 through the long hole 68A, and the lower link RL of the tractor T is positioned below the mast 68 in FIG. At (hitch point h
1) Hitched. The lower link RL is subject to the vertical movement control action by the lift rod 51 of the lift mechanism of the tractor T, and is as shown in FIG. 5 and its description.

Then, the leveling machine 60 shown in FIG.
A case where the field leveling work is performed by using will be described.
Since the tractor T (the rear wheel is shown in the figure) runs along the unevenness of the field, the tractor T moves up and down repeatedly by explaining (using the rake of FIG. 35 as a working function machine). (Fig. 34). That is,
When the vehicle runs along the uneven curve Tx existing in the field (the tire moves), the tire itself also moves up and down,
For example, when changing to the positions of X, Y, and Z (X is a high position, Y is an average position, and Z is a low position), the lower link R
The mounting position h2 on the tractor T side of L also changes from (X, Y, Z), but the hitch point h1 does not change. After passing the rake 163, a linear plane such as Hy is formed.

Specifically, the hitch point h1 with the lower link RL is controlled so as to be at a constant height regardless of the vertical movement of the tractor. For example, the flat plate 63 (rake 163) is used in the field. When located on the convex and concave portions existing in F, the light receiving portion 31 projects above the reference plane, in other words, above the reference plane drawn by the laser light. When the light-receiving unit 31 deviates from the reference plane H, a control signal from the control box 34 is sent to the lift mechanism 50, and the hydraulic circuit is switched according to this signal. That is, a signal that causes the light receiving unit 31 to return to the reference plane H is output, the switching valve 35 is switched, and the lift cylinder 54 is extended. At this time, the working machine 60
The pressure oil is applied in a direction to extend the rod 54A of the lift cylinder 54 so as to control the posture in a direction of pushing down the front end portion of the lift cylinder 53, whereby the lift arm 53 is rotated and pushes the lift rod 51 to move the lower link RL. By lowering, the front end portion of the work machine 60 is lowered so that the light receiving unit 31 is located on the reference plane H, and the posture is controlled.

Here, in order to facilitate understanding, considering the case where there is no elongated hole 68A (free zone) in the mast 68, when the tractor travels on the unevenness existing in the field, the tractor naturally moves. It is accompanied by vertical movement.
This vertical movement is transmitted to the working machine to which it is attached, and the light receiving unit 31 also moves up and down. By the vertical movement of the light receiving unit 31, the control circuit operates so that the light receiving unit is on the reference plane, and the working machine is controlled so that the hitch point of the lower link is at a predetermined height with respect to the reference plane. It In other words, the vertical movement due to the traveling movement of the tractor is directly transmitted to the working machine, and in an extreme case, the working machine is lifted. It will be done and the intended purpose cannot be achieved. However, the upper link UL
Since the mounting point of the mast 68 is a long hole, the actual vertical movement control amount of the tractor is not transmitted to the working machine as it is, but it is transmitted in both the upper and lower directions. In other words, since the leveling machine as a work function machine exists between the hitch point of the lower link RL and the fulcrum member, the vertical movement control of the tractor is performed as the vertical movement of the leveling machine with the fulcrum member as the fulcrum. In order to be transmitted, the principle of leverage will make it smaller and transmit it.

In other words, when the height of the working machine 60 changes due to the laser light receiving portion 31 deviating from the plane indicated by the plane signal H drawn by the laser emitting portion 33, how much the light receiving portion 31 deviates from the reference plane. Control box 34
And calculates the control amount, inputs a signal corresponding to the correction value to the hydraulic circuit of the lift mechanism 50 provided in the tractor, and controls and drives the lower link via the lift rod 51. Thereby, the posture of the work machine is controlled, that is, the light receiving unit 31 can be positioned on the reference plane.

In addition to the leveling work machine as the work function machine mentioned above, a rotary harrow, as shown in FIG.
A paddy harrow 163H or the like is used for the sled member 16
A grounding wheel 167, which is constantly provided in the grounding direction at the rear position of 5, is also used. Since the grounding wheel 167 is pressed by the spring 167A, the spring deforms due to the reaction force and cannot serve as a fulcrum member. The fulcrum member for the work function device is a sled member.

As the working function machine, as shown in FIG. 37, the beam standard 163 of the sub-soiler working machine is used.
S, a commonly known knife is used, and a tail wheel 167Y having a height adjusting function is used as a fulcrum member.

In each of these working machines, the mast 68 is provided, and the mounting pin ULX of the upper link UL is mounted through the elongated hole 68A provided in the mast 68, and the mounting pin ULX is located from the reference plane of the light receiving portion. Although it has been described that the mounting pin ULX can freely move within the range of the elongated hole 68A by detecting the deviation and operating the lift mechanism, as shown in FIG. 33 (C), as described above. , The upper link UL is provided with an expansion / contraction mechanism, and the mounting pin UL is
The movement distance corresponding to the movement of X can be performed by expanding and contracting the upper link itself.

As shown in FIG. 33B, the mast 6
The movable part mast 68Y is pivotally attached to the top of 8, and the upper link UL is attached to the movable part mast 68Y.
The posture of the working machine can also be known by a method of detecting the movement of the upper link UL by the change in the inclination of the movable part mast 68Y.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 33 (A),
The posture of the working machine can also be detected by the type in which the upper link UL is attached to the elongated hole 68B by the pivot pin ULY at the attachment point on the tractor side.

FIG. 34 shows a state in which the surface of the field is shaved or transported by a leveling machine, and is relatively small after the leveling plate 63 has passed relative to the relatively large irregularities Tx on the surface. A surface is formed by the unevenness Ty, and a surface parallel to the reference plane H is formed. The small irregularities Ty on the surface form an average flat surface.

Further, FIG. 37 shows an example in which the sub-soiler working machine is applied as a working machine. According to this working machine, the groove bottom formed by the chisel 163S is similar to the plane Hy on the field surface in FIG. It is formed on a flat surface without irregularities.

In the above description, the working machine of the mounting example by the three-point hitch type was cited, and next, the mounting example by the linkage drawbar will be described. First, FIG. 38 and FIG. 39 show an example of a leveling work machine 80, in which a cross bar 81 is supported by a lower link RL included in the tractor T, and the cross bar 81 is the maximum of a frame 82 constituting the work machine. It is attached to the tip position.

In this working machine 80, the pole 31X having the light receiving portion 31 attached thereto is erected on the frame 82 at the tip end position close to the forefront, so that the relationship with the reference plane H can be detected. It has become. Since this working machine 80 is for leveling work,
It has a flat plate 83, and this flat plate 83 is the frame 82.
It is supported by an arm 83A whose end is fixed to and is attached to the frame 82. A tine 84 is provided on the rear side of the flat plate 83 in the working direction. The tine 84 is for crushing the soil on the surface, and the crushing type is not limited to this tine, and can be replaced with another crushing machine.

Further, at the rear end portion of the frame 82, there is a compression wheel 85 having a coil shape, and the compression wheel 85 has a support shaft 85B at its center position, and the support shaft 85B has an end portion at the frame 82. It is supported by the free end of an arm 85A which is pivotally supported on. The pivot 85X of the arm 85A allows the arm 85A to freely rotate, but functions as a fulcrum member in the various working machines. The squeezing machine as the fulcrum member is the most flat plate 6 on the edge.
When 3 is approached, it can be lifted, which enables leveling work from the ridge. In the control work for that purpose, the compression wheel 85 as a fulcrum member is raised upward. As its configuration, a mounting seat 86B of the rod 86A of the hydraulic cylinder 86 is formed at an intermediate position of the arm 85A, and the rod 86X of the hydraulic cylinder 86 is mounted on the mounting seat 86B. The middle part of the support arm 86Y is erected from the frame 82.
It is pivotally supported by. This allows the hydraulic cylinder 86 to freely expand and contract.

At the rearmost part of the working machine 80, a movable wheel arm 87 having a pivot point 85X with respect to the frame 81 and a pivot point coaxially with the frame 81 is long in the work advancing direction and is wide in the work width direction. Two of them are pivotally attached. A caster type moving wheel 88 is attached to the open end of each moving wheel arm 87 via a caster shaft 88A so that the moving wheel 88 can be freely turned in accordance with the moving direction.

The moving wheel arm 87 is provided with an arm 89B at an intermediate position thereof, and the hydraulic cylinder 8 is attached to the arm 89B.
Nine rods 89A are pivotally mounted, and the rod 89A of the hydraulic cylinder 89 is expanded and contracted to rotate the movable wheel arm 87 in a vertical plane to ground the movable wheel 88 or lift it from the surface of the field. Is able to. During operation, the moving wheel 88 has a rod 89A of the hydraulic cylinder 89 as shown by a broken line in FIG.
Is contracted from the surface of the field, and the flat plate 83, the tines 84, and the compression ring 85 functioning as a fulcrum member are provided on the surface of the field.

Since this working machine is mounted on the tractor without using the upper link, it is not necessary to consider the free movement of the upper link unlike the above-described working machine, and the mounting point ULX of the upper link UL is not considered. The movement is not limited to the range of the long hole 68X and can be freely moved. Therefore, while the leveling work is performed, the leveling work machine 80 is moved up and down according to the degree to which the light receiving unit 31 is separated from the reference plane.
Is used as a fulcrum member to move up and down, so that the flat plate 83 is moved up and down within a range smaller than the actual vertical movement control amount of the lower link RL.

Further, when the light receiving portion 31 deviates from the reference plane H, the lift mechanism of the tractor operates to control the attitude of the leveling work machine via the lower link RL.
In this case, the hydraulic mechanism of the lift mechanism and the like are the same as those described above, and the control thereof is also the same as that of the working machine described above, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Further, in the case of inter-field movement in which the working machine 80 is moved from the field to another field, it is particularly effective if it is a large working machine in which the entire working machine cannot be lifted only by the lifting action on the lower link RL. Yes, in this case, first, the moving wheels 88 are forcibly grounded. That is, the hydraulic cylinder 89 is extended, the movable wheel arm 87m is rotated clockwise in FIG. 38, and the movable wheel 88 is grounded on the surface of the field, so that the flat plate is floated in the air. This state is held by the hydraulic circuit lock and pulled by the tractor. At this time, the front end of the working machine 80 is lifted by the lift mechanism of the tractor.

This type is suitable for a large working width, that is, suitable for a large leveling working machine and is preferably used for a heavy working machine that exceeds the lift capacity of the tractor. Further, since the moving wheels 88 are of the caster type, it is possible to reliably follow the steering of the tractor when traveling on the road, for example, and corner traveling is easy.

Further, even in the leveling work machine of the towing type by the linkage drawbar, as shown in FIGS. 39 and 40, one hitch of the work machine is pivotally attached to the crossbar 81, and the work machine is the tractor. It is also possible to be able to run while drawing an arc independently of. That is, a hitch metal fitting is arranged and fixed at the most distal end of the leveling machine 80, and the hitch metal fitting 81A and the crossbar 81 are pivotally attached at a central position thereof by a hitch pin 81P. According to this, the crossbar 81 and the tractor are integrally mounted, but since the crossbar 81 and the tractor are allowed to rotate around the hitch pin 81P, the moving wheel 88 is of the caster type. not,
A tail wheel type that can support the load is sufficient. Also in this embodiment, the pressure suppressor 85 functions as a fulcrum member, and the vertical movement of the flat plate 83 is smaller than the control width by which the tractor actually moves vertically, that is, the vertical movement control amount by the lift mechanism of the tractor. In this case, the power source for the moving work of the moving wheels 88 and the lifting operation of the pressure suppressor 85 is covered by the output from the hydraulic power output device provided in the tractor.

[0070]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the bottom working machine used in the concrete working method of the present invention,
In paddy field plowing work, the plow bottom can be laid horizontally and the topsoil can be cultivated, so even if the surface environment has unevenness, the soil layer will eventually be a uniform paddy field. Therefore, the scraping work can be minimized, and a uniform pattern can be expected in any part of the field, whereby the production can be increased and the cost can be reduced.

In particular, in the case of the bottom working machine, since the height can be controlled at the front part and the rear part, the plow bottom can be easily leveled, and at the same time, the plow soil that has been turned upside down can be used. Can dry quickly and can start the next work process in a short period of time. Furthermore, since the position of the gauge wheel and even the heel moves on the bottom of the gutter groove inverted by the bottom, the working machine is horizontal. As a result, the bottom working machine can be reliably maintained in a horizontal state.

Further, in the sixth invention and the thirteenth invention, when the working function machine is moved up and down by the lift mechanism of the tractor, there is play between the mast and the mounting point of the upper link, that is, so-called. There is a free zone, the mounting point can move freely within a certain range, and especially since the fulcrum member is always in contact with the field surface at the rear end position of the working machine, while maintaining a stable posture. Since the working function machine is controlled with a vertical width that is smaller than the actual vertical control width by the lift mechanism of the tractor, even when there are large irregularities in the field,
The surface of the field can be finished into a flat surface with relatively small unevenness (although it is governed by the traveling speed of the tractor), which can contribute to making the field conditions uniform.

Furthermore, in the sub-soiler having the work function device, the bottom of the underdrain or the like can be formed along the reference plane.

Further, according to the working machine mounted by the linkage draw bar or the towing type, the working function machine can be moved up and down with the fulcrum member as the fulcrum even in the vertical control utilizing the lift mechanism of the tractor, which is stable. Since the vertical control width of the tractor can be made smaller than the actual vertical control width of the tractor while maintaining the posture, the surface of the field can be surely finished to a plane parallel to the reference plane.

Also, mounting by a linkage drawbar,
Furthermore, even in the case of tow-type mounting, the work function machine is controlled in the vertical direction using the fulcrum member as a fulcrum, so not only the field surface is leveled, but also a flat finish for other work purposes. It can be carried out.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a bottom working machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an outline of a control system of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing another embodiment of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a control system of the bottom working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a control system of the leveling work machine.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the leveling machine.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a part of a leveling machine.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a part of a leveling machine.

FIG. 10 is another side view of the leveling machine.

FIG. 11 is another side view of the leveling machine.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a work target field.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the work target field after being inverted.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of roughly crushed soil in a work target field after leveling.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a work target field.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view with ridges removed from two fields.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of two fields.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which two fields are roughly crushed.

FIG. 19 is a rear view of the tractor in a working state with a conventional working machine.

FIG. 20 is a rear view of the leveling work machine in a working state with a conventional work machine.

FIG. 21 is a rear view of the tractor in a working state with the working machine of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a rear view of the leveling work machine in a working state by the work machine of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a plan view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a side view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a plan view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a side view of a bottom working machine according to another embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a schematic explanatory view of a lift mechanism of a tractor.

FIG. 28 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a control mechanism such as a gauge wheel.

FIG. 29 is a side view of the leveling implement of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a partial plan view of the leveling machine of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a side view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is an explanatory view schematically showing the relationship between the upper link and the elongated hole and the relationship with the lift mechanism.

33A, 33B, and 33C are explanatory views of another mechanism replacing the elongated hole in FIG. 32.

FIG. 34 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a state of leveling work in a field.

FIG. 35 is a side view of a rake working machine as another working function machine of a flat plate.

FIG. 36 is a side view of a work machine showing a halo as a work function machine.

FIG. 37 is a side view of a work machine showing a subsoiler as a work function machine.

FIG. 38 is a side view of a leveling work machine using a leveling plate mounted by a linkage drawbar type as a working function unit and having caster type moving wheels.

FIG. 39 is a side view of a leveling work machine having a leveling plate pivotally mounted so as to be rotatable at a hitch point and mounted by a linkage drawbar type as a working function machine.

FIG. 40 is a plan view of the leveling implement shown in FIG. 39.

[Explanation of Codes] 10 Bottom Working Machine 11 Front Frame 12 Mast 13 Lower Frame 14 Reverse Cylinder 221 Main Frame 222 Frame 223 Bottom 223Z Final Bottom 223X Stopper 224 Support Frame 31 Light Receiver 31A Front Light Receiver 31B Rear Light Receiver 31X Pole 32 Horizontal sensor 32A Front light receiving part 32B Rear light receiving part 33 Laser light emitting part 34 Control circuit 35 Switching valve 36 Pump 37 Flow control valve 41 Gauge wheel 411 Heel 42 Swing arm 43 Control cylinder 43X, 43Y Pressure oil chamber 44 Control Circuit 46 Flow control valve 50 Lift mechanism 51 Lift rod 52 Pivot point 53 Lift arm 54 Lift cylinder 54A Rod 60 Leveling work machine 61 Frame 62 Crusher 63 Leveling plate 64 Squeezing Machine 65 Frame 65A Arm 65B Mast 66 Pivoting pin 67 Telescopic cylinder 163 Rake 163X Grounding point 164 Sledding member 68 Mast 68A Long hole 68B Long hole 68Y Movable part mast UL Upper link RL Lower link ULX mounting pin ULY mounting pin 80 Working machine Crossbar 81A Hitch metal fitting 81P Hitch pin 82 Frame 83 Flat plate 84 Tine 85 Compressor ring 85A Arm 85B Compressor ring 85X Pivot 86 Hydraulic cylinder 87 Moving wheel arm 88 Moving wheel 89 Hydraulic cylinder 89A Rod

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A bottom working machine has horizontal detection means for controlling its posture, at least one of which is attached to a frame provided with a mast, and a horizontal sensor for detecting the horizontalness of a front end portion in a work advancing direction. In addition, a laser light receiving unit is attached to the frame, and by receiving a plane signal drawn by the laser light emitting unit installed outside the field,
The height of the working machine is controlled by the detected control signal in the height direction, and by the signal obtained by the horizontal sensor,
A bottom work machine characterized in that the attitude of the work machine is controlled by raising and lowering a gauge wheel provided at the rear end of the work machine or a wheel having the same function as this. 2. The bottom working machine has a horizontal detecting means for controlling the posture, and a light receiving portion provided at a front end portion which is a portion where the posture of the bottom working machine does not change, and a posture of the bottom working machine. The bottom working machine according to claim 1, further comprising: a light receiving unit that is provided so as not to be affected by the change in posture even if there is a change, and that is provided near the rear end. 3. The bottom working machine has horizontal detection means for controlling the posture, and is configured by equipping horizontal sensors near the front end and near the rear end in the work advancing direction of the bottom working machine. The bottom working machine according to claim 1. 4. A bottom working machine configured so that a gauge wheel, or a wheel having the same function as that, is in the working width of the final bottom so as to come into contact with the wall of the groove. 5. The bottom working machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is constructed so as to move in a grave groove such as a gauge wheel or a wheel having the same function as this. 6. A field work machine including a mast for mounting an upper link mounted on a tractor, wherein the mast to which the upper link is mounted, or the upper link itself, and further the mounting position of the tractor and the upper link. There is a free zone, and that free zone
The mounting point of the upper link can be freely moved along the working direction within the range of the work area, and is located in the frame of the working machine or in the plane drawn by the laser beam on the lower link. It has a light receiving part that can
A fulcrum member is present at the rear end of the frame, a work functioning device is present at least between the attachment point of the lower link and the fulcrum member, and the lift provided to the tractor according to the plane signal received by the light receiving unit. The output of the control mechanism causes the light receiving section to
A field working machine characterized by being configured so as to be positioned within a plane drawn by the light. 7. A tractor-type tractor, linkage
In the field working machine mounted by the bar type, the frame of the working machine, or the lower link has a light receiving portion that can be positioned in a plane drawn by laser light,
There is a fulcrum member at the rear end of the frame of the working machine, and there is at least a working function machine between the attachment point of the lower link and the fulcrum member, and according to the plane signal received by the light receiving unit. A field working machine characterized in that the light receiving section is controlled so as to be positioned within a plane drawn by laser light by an output of a lift control mechanism provided in the tractor. 8. The field work machine according to claim 6, wherein the work function machine is a bottom work machine. 9. The field work machine according to claim 6, wherein the work function machine is a leveling machine. 10. The work function device is a rotary or paddy.
The field working machine according to claim 6 or 7, which has a stirring function such as a halo. 11. The field work machine according to claim 6, wherein the work function machine is a rake. 12. The field working machine according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the working function machine is a sub-soiler beam stander, a grooving machine, or a soil cultivator. 13. The field working machine according to claim 6, wherein the fulcrum member is a wheel, a roller, or a sled member that comes into contact with the field surface.