JPH087721A - Electric switch device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide an electric switch device provided a switch capacity with the same extent as usual which can produce in the aspect of a cost effectively. CONSTITUTION: A switch device interposed to at least one main conductor of a middle voltage or high voltage main part intercepts at least one main conductor in the case of generating a prescribed excess current. Sermisters 11 to 13 of a non-linear resistor are connected in series to an electric load breaker switch 14 in order to simplify and reduce the cost of the switch device. The non-liner resistor has a positive temperature coefficient and limits the generated excessive current to a current level switched by the load breaker. A short circuit current is switched by providing the load breaker switch 14 on the non-linear resistor.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is inserted into at least one main conductor of an electric main part, and interrupts at least one main conductor when a predetermined overcurrent occurs, whereby the resistance value of the main conductor is reduced. The present invention relates to an electric switch device in which a non-linear resistor that increases non-linearly with increasing level is connected in series with an electric switch, the non-linear resistor preferably having a positive temperature coefficient.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A switch device for releasing an overcurrent, for example, a short-circuit current, in the range of medium voltage and high voltage, is designed as a breaker of a power supply circuit.
For example, for high voltage as a SF ₆ power circuit breaker, for medium voltage as a vacuum switch or low oil content switch, and so on.
₆ Configured as a power circuit breaker.

[0003]

However, in the conventional switch device, the manufacturing cost increases as the switch capacity increases. In addition, there is a problem that it takes time to replace the switch device.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a switch capacity of the same level as the conventional one, and to manufacture it more effectively in terms of cost. To provide a switch device of another type.

[0005]

The object of the invention is achieved by the invention characterized in claim 1. That is, it is inserted in at least one main conductor of the electrical main part and interrupts at least one main conductor when a predetermined overcurrent occurs, so that its resistance value increases non-linearly as the current level increases. In an electrical switch device in which a resistor is connected in series with an electrical switch and the non-linear resistor preferably has a positive temperature coefficient, the electrical switch is an electrical disconnector or a load disconnector, and a linear such as a varistor, or An electrical switching device comprising a non-linear voltage-dependent impedance element connected in parallel to a non-linear resistor.

[0006]

This invention takes advantage of the fact that, as described in patent application P 42 21 309, for example, a special material or a mixture of special materials increases its resistance with its temperature as the current increases. It Even if such a non-linear resistor is connected in series with the switching device, this short circuit current, or generally this current due to the occurrence of an overcurrent, is limited, so that the expected short circuit current or overcurrent is not reached. . This has the following importance. It eliminates the need to use a specially designed power circuit breaker to open the short circuit, but the disconnector switch, or load disconnector switch, takes advantage of the need to be able to release residual or rated current at a given time. To be done. The use of a disconnector switch, or a non-linear resistor with a load disconnector switch, leads to a significant cost reduction for a short circuit switch device. The disconnector switch, or load disconnector switch, is designed as a fast reacting disconnector switch for a special purpose. If the non-linear resistor can withstand the voltage for a relatively long time, it is not cheap, but there is also the possibility of using a slow disconnect switch that is cost effective to withstand the voltage in the open position. To do.

The impedance element is connected in parallel with the nonlinear resistor. This impedance element is linear or non-linear, in other words, voltage-dependent. It is configured as a charged capacitor to reduce voltage spikes. A resistor, preferably a varistor, is provided instead of the capacitor. The impedance element may be integrated with the non-linear resistor or separate. However, this impedance element is connected in parallel with the non-linear resistor, especially if the inductance is generally high.

A particularly advantageous possibility of using such a non-linear resistor is, according to claim 2, a means for detecting the amount of change in the characteristic of the resistor when the current of the main conductor changes. It is provided that it comprises means for generating a signal for the occurrence of a predetermined overcurrent, which signal is supplied to the actuating device for the disconnect switch or the load disconnect switch.

In this case, this utilization consists of the fact that certain characteristics of the non-linear resistor change with the occurrence of overcurrent.
On the other hand, since the resistance of the non-linear resistor increases, the voltage detected by the occurrence of overcurrent changes. This change in voltage value is detected and processed.

On the other hand, the geometrical size of the non-linear resistor changes with the occurrence of overcurrent and an increase in temperature.
A change in size, in particular a change in volume, or a change in length is used to cause the opening.

In addition, the temperature measuring element is also attached to the resistor. The increase in temperature produces the relevant signal.

Furthermore, according to claim 6, an actuator such as a piezo element is connected in parallel with the resistor. With the occurrence of an increased voltage drop across the resistor, the actuator has this voltage applied to it, so that
Subject to length changes or bends. This length change or bend is used to activate the actuator for opening the load disconnect switch.

A particularly advantageous refined invention comprises, according to claim 7, a switch mechanism having a non-linear resistor or a latch point provided on the resistance element, which switch mechanism actuates the switch device. In this case, according to claim 8, the sliding element is provided on the switch mechanism, which sliding element is constructed in a preferred manner as a pin or a sleeve. The sliding element also drives the actuating device as a switch or actuates the switch directly. According to claim 9 or 10, an electromagnet release device is also provided on the non-linear resistor, which electromagnet release device actuates the switch mechanism, i.e. to open the latch.

In this case, the conductor, which is part of the electromagnet release device, is connected to the electrode of the non-linear resistor.

In a particularly advantageous manner, according to claim 12, the non-linear resistor is held by a support device made of an insulating material together with a switch mechanism and / or a release device and / or a conductor and / or a locking mechanism. According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the support device comprises at least an enclosure of an insulating material that encloses the nonlinear resistor. This allows the non-linear resistor to be tightly enclosed directly by the enclosure and allows the release device and / or the switch mechanism to be provided in a cavity within the enclosure.

According to the seventeenth aspect, the enclosure has a tubular structure, preferably a cylindrical structure, and is used for the power supply line or the output terminal (o).
utlet) and has an end covered with a cap.

At the same time, in a particularly preferred way, the insulating material of the support device, in particular of the enclosure, is preferably made of a material having a voltage-dependent resistance, preferably a varistor ceramic. As a result, it becomes possible to cancel the local overvoltage. Supporting devices constructed according to claims 13 or 14 are also manufactured from similar materials.

According to claim 20, the sliding element is preferably configured as a pin and under the pressure of the spring device,
When the latch point is released, its position changes and pops out of the enclosure.

According to the twenty-second aspect, it is possible to construct a switch mechanism with a lock mechanism by a spring device for fixing the pin. It is acted upon by the force of the spring at the rated current and opens it in the event of an overcurrent. The spring device is
It is manufactured and configured from a bimetal material or a shape memory alloy according to claim 23.

A fuse wire is also utilized as a locking mechanism, which secures the sliding element against the spring force. When an overcurrent occurs, the fuse wire melts, releasing the spring force. Of course, the sliding element can also be fixed at one end to a compression spring and a sleeve provided with a fuse wire,
The sleeve has a contact protrusion at the other end that is in contact with a mating contact that is electrically connected to the nonlinear resistor. When the fuse wire melts, the slide element pops out and the load disconnect switch release device is actuated, only the slide element, the compression spring and a new sleeve with the fuse wire are inserted, which makes replacement very easy. Is.

[0021]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the electric switch device of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

In the medium voltage main circuit according to FIG. 1, the three main conductors R, S, T are the high voltage main circuit R.
It is provided at the output terminal from the transformer 10 where the high voltage from 1, S1, T1 is transformed into a medium voltage.

A positive temperature coefficient thermistor used as a non-linear resistor
r, hereinafter referred to as PTC thermistors) 11, 12 and 13 are respectively provided on the three conductors R, S and T, and the nonlinear impedance elements 11a, 12a and 13a are provided to the PTC thermistors. Similarly, the disconnector switch 14 shown by the broken line in the figure has contact points 15, 16, and 17 for the conductors R, S, and T.
Have. Further, the disconnector switch 14 has a common line 22.
Switch activator 18 connected to release elements 23, 24, and 25 via feeders 19, 20, 21 connected to. Release elements 23, 24 and 25
Is provided in the PTC thermistors 11, 12, and 13, detects the amount of change in the characteristics of the PTC thermistors 11, 12, and 13, and uses the line 1 based on the detected amount of change.
A signal is generated via 9, 20, 21, 22. With this signal, the actuating mechanism 18 is driven and the contact point 15,
16 and 17 are open. PTC thermistor 11,
The temperature of 12 and 13 changes, and as a result, the electric resistance changes. Therefore, when the current level flowing through the conductors R, S, T increases, the disconnector switch 1
The current flowing through the four contact points 15, 16 and 17 of 4 is limited. As an extremely different method, the PTC thermistors 11, 12 and 13 are used as elements for detecting the amount of change in the characteristics.

In the case of the design as shown in FIG. 2, the device 31 for detecting the amount of voltage change between the PTC thermistors is connected in parallel to the PTC thermistor 30, and the signal output from the device 31 passes through the line 32. Then, it is supplied to the release mechanism or the operating mechanism 18.

It is also possible that the release devices 23, 24, 25 are omitted and the PTC thermistors 11, 12, 13 are provided in the actuating device. In the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the PTC body 34 is provided inside the enclosure 35 and the bottom is covered by a cover 36 made of a conductor.
The cavity 38 is formed from the upper end of the PTC body 34 to the upper cover 37.
It is provided between. This cavity is provided because the length of the PTC body 34 changes due to the temperature rise caused by the generation of overcurrent. In order to detect this change in length, the plate 39 made of a conductor is placed on the upper part, that is, the PTC.
A hinged lever device 40 at the free end of the body is connected to the plate 39 and mechanically actuates 18
Drive. The enclosure 35 is made of an electrical insulator, and the feed conductor or the output end conductor 42 is connected to the cover 36 or the plate 39. The device according to FIG. 3 is interposed by conductors, for example between the main conductors R. The lever mechanism 40 is preferably made of an insulator. The conductor 42 connected to the plate 39 is drawn out of the cavity 38 through the opening 43. A lever linkage 40 is connected to the plate 39 via a hole 44. A retaining rod may be used in place of the enclosure, but the retaining rod can penetrate the center of the PTC thermistor. The material of the enclosure or the holding rod is an insulating material, for example a varistor ceramic, which has a non-linear and voltage-dependent resistance value.

In the case of the design shown in FIG. 3, for example, PT
The element 23 in which the change in the characteristic of the C body 11 is detected is integrated with a PTC thermistor, so to speak, and the lever linkage 40
The operating method of is equivalent to the line paths 19 to 22.

In the case of the design shown in FIG. 4, the PTC thermistor 50 is inserted in the main line R, for example. A voltage measuring device 51 is connected in parallel to this, which device 51 supplies a voltage signal via a line 52 to an actuator 53 in the form of a piezo element. For example, this voltage changes the length of the piezo element 53, and this change in length is transmitted to the actuating mechanism 18 via the linkage 54 and the contact 11 is opened. Instead of a piezo element that takes advantage of this length change, the piezo element can also be used so that its bending is utilized. Suitable piezo elements are, for example, the Siemens Document "Vib".
rit ”piezo ceramic, No. N-281 / 5053,190 163 P
Published on A 2818.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another embodiment. PT
The C thermistor 60 is inserted in the conductor R, and the fuse 61 is connected in parallel to it. This fuse 6
1 is a sleeve (sleev), as known per se.
e) 62, a contact cap 63 whose one end is closed, and a contact cap 64 whose other end is closed. The guide stub 65 is surrounded by the contact cap 64, and the pin 66 is guided to the guide stub 65. The fuse wire 67 is provided between the pin 66 and the bottom cap 63, and the pin 66 is actuated in the direction of arrow A by a spring (not shown). Caps 63 and 6
4 is connected to the main conductor R via supply and output lines 67 and 68. Thus the fuse 61
Are connected in parallel to the PTC thermistor. Here, when an overcurrent occurs, the resistance of the PTC body greatly increases, and the current essentially flows through the fuse. As a result, the fuse wire 67 melts and the pin 66 moves to the position 66a indicated by the broken line in the direction of arrow A. This movement of the pin 66 is conducted to the actuation mechanism 18 and the load disconnect switch 14 is opened.

A relatively simple fuse is used as the fuse, which needs only to withstand the voltage and does not have to carry the rated current. It should only be designed for small rated currents.

Further, an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The PTC thermistor 71 is provided inside the enclosure 70 made of an insulator. As shown in FIG. 6, the enclosure 70 has a bottom closed by a conductive cap 72. The cap has a bowl shape with an edge 73 surrounded by a flange having an L-shaped cross section. The cap also surrounds the bottom of enclosure 70. A conductor, eg conductor 41, is connected to the cap 72. Like the cap 72, the upper end of the PTC body is
A certain distance is provided from the upper end of the enclosure 70, and the enclosure 70 is closed by a cap 74. PT
A conductor layer 75 is located on the upper end of the C body, and a conductor rod 76 is connected to the conductor through an electromagnet device 77. The upper end of the conductive rod 76 is electrically connected to the cap 74. The switch mechanism 7 having a release lever 79 is provided in the cavity between the cover 75 and the cap 74.
8 are provided. This release lever has pin 81
Interact with the latching projection 80 of the. Electromagnetic device is a magnet armature
When reacted by 82, the release lever 79 rotates in the switch mechanism 78 in the clockwise direction about the axis.
Then, under the pressure of a spring (not shown), once the latch 80 is opened, the pin 81 moves in the direction of arrow A. The actuating mechanism 18 is then actuated as in the case of FIG. 5 to open the switch. The operating mechanism is
It does not necessarily have to be designed like a latch mechanism.

A design such as FIG. 7 shows a similar shape. The PTC body 88 is provided inside the enclosure 85. This enclosure is made of an electrical insulator and is closed at the bottom and top by caps 86 and 87. The PTC body has a central aperture 89 surrounding a conductor element 90. The conductor element projects slightly above its PTC thermistor 88 at one end, ie in the upper part of the figure.
At the other bottom end, the plate 89a has the conductor element 9
It is rigidly screwed to 0 and is electrically conductively connected to the PTC body 88. U with which the contact pin 92 is engaged
The letter-shaped contact element 91 is provided at the free end (upper part of the figure) of the conductor element 90.

FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of this area.

The contact element 91 has two contact limbs 93 and 94 with which a pin 92 engages. Pin 92 is
It is integrally formed with a rotating part 95 fitted inside a sleeve 96 made of an insulating material. One end of the conductor element 90
Facing towards and rounded. The pin 92 projects into the sleeve 96 through the opening 97. The upper end of the sleeve 96 is
It is fixed to the edge 98 of the pot base 99 of the cap 87 by the flange edge 91a. A metal inner sleeve 100 engages inside the sleeve 96 like a telescope and is open to the bottom of the sleeve 96 and closed to the pot base 99 portion of the cap 87. It is some distance from the rotating part so that it is not electrically connected to the rotating part 95.
The outer sleeve 96 made of an insulating material is used for the flange edge 9
The portion 1a has a side opening (not shown). Through this opening, a contact spring (not shown) integrally formed with the inner sleeve engages with the edge 98 of the pot base 99 outward. The inner sleeve 100 is a sliding element,
Enclose the compression spring 101. One end of the spring 101 is supported by the rotating portion 95, and the other end is supported by the upper closed end of the inner sleeve 100. Since the compression spring 101 is surrounded by the insulator, the flow of current through the compression spring 101 is blocked. The fuse wire 103 is provided between the upper end of the inner sleeve and / or the contact plate 102 disposed therein and the rotating part 95. Therefore, the contact element 91
To the portions 92 to 95 and one end of the fuse wire 103 fixed to the portions 92 to 95 so as to be electrically connected. The other end contacts the edge 98 via a contact spring that radially projects outward through the contact plate 102, the inner sleeve 100, and the outer sleeve. Fuse wire 1
When 03 melts due to overcurrent, inner sleeve 100
Is moved outward in the direction of arrow A under the pressure of the spring 101, like the pin 81 of FIG. When the fuse wire 103 is melted, only the sleeve 96 is removed,
It is replaced with a new sleeve device with sleeve 96 and inner sleeve 100. A handle may be attached to the sleeve 96 for easier collection and replacement.

In the case of the designs shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the fuse wire is not necessary. The guide shaft 111 made of an insulating material and protruding from the upper end of the PTC thermistor 88 is
It is rigidly screwed to a conductor element 110 which is screwed to the TC body 88. The guide shaft 111 is provided in a portion of the upper cap 87 together with the guide base 112 that presses the bottom of the outer sleeve 113. The outer sleeve 113 has a flange of an inner end 114 provided inside the guide base 112. A compression spring 115 is supported by the flange 114, and the other end of the spring is supported by an upper end 116 of an inner sleeve 117 which is flanged inside. The inner sleeve is rigidly connected to the rod 118 by this flange 116. This rod 118 passes through the guide region 112 and the spring element 119.
Is engaged near the free end of the conductor element 110 provided with. The spring element 119 has two rims 120 and 12
It has a U-shape with 1. The rim is bent inward at its free end into a generally V-shape, forming a clamp 122. The mushroom-shaped inner end 123 of the rod 118 is engaged in this clamp 122 and is firmly held by the spring element 119 against the restoring force of the spring 115. When the current flow is increased and the temperature rises, the spring element 119 deforms and the two rims 120 and 121 of the spring element 119 widen. Then, rod 11
Since 8 is movably released, the rod moves outward in the direction of arrow A under the pressure of the spring 115. The movement of the arrow in the direction of A is performed by the switch operating mechanism 1.
8 is activated. The material of which the spring element 119 is made is
It is a bimetal material or a shape memory alloy.

With the design according to FIGS. 6 to 10, the enclosure 70 or 85 is made of an insulating material. This insulating material is particularly preferably a varistor ceramic. The reason for using varistor ceramics is disclosed in the above mentioned German patent application.

In the case of the device according to FIGS. 7 to 10, the electrical connection is from the bottom cap 86 to the PTC body 88 of the braided wire 1
Given via 30. Furthermore, the braided wire 131 is P
The cap 87 is provided from the upper end of the TC body. A certain percentage of the current flows through the conductor element 90 and the fuse wire 103, and / or the conductor element 110 and the sleeve element 111, and / or the spring element 119 and the rod 1.
It flows to the cover cap 87 via 18. As a result, a parallel circuit of the PTC body 88 and the fuse wire 103 and / or the spring element 119 is achieved.

In the case of the device according to FIGS. 7 and 8 and / or 9 and 10, the U-shaped spring element 119 with the fuse wire and the conductor 118 needs to carry only part of the current. In the case of the design according to FIGS. 9 and 10, conductor 1
Only 18 needs to be pushed in again, such as manually or by remote control. In the case of the design according to FIGS. 7 and 8, only the fuse element is the sleeve 96, the inner sleeve 10.
0, fuse wire 103, and compression spring 101 must be replaced. Since these elements need to pass only a small percentage of current and most of the current is passed through the PTC thermistor and braid 130, 131, this fuse element is fairly cost effective to construct. It When a device such as FIGS. 7 and 8 reacts,
Only the fuse element needs to be replaced with a new one.

The inner sleeve is designed as a sliding element for actuating the switch device or for opening the actuating device, which is designed as a latch mechanism.

[0039]

As described above, according to the electric switch device of the present invention, there is provided an electric switch device which has the same switching capacity as the conventional one and can be manufactured more effectively in terms of cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a main circuit having an interposed non-linear resistor.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit of one main conductor.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a device of a nonlinear resistor.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit having a non-linear resistor, similar to FIG.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram including a non-linear resistor and a fuse.

FIG. 6 shows a device actuated a release device having an integrated non-linear resistor.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another embodiment similar to FIG.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view in which a part of FIG. 7 is enlarged.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention having a non-linear resistor.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a part of the device according to FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 ... Transformers 11, 12, 13
… PTC thermistor 14… Disconnector switch 15, 16, 17
... Contact point 18 ... Switch actuating device 23, 24, 25
… Release element 30… PTC thermistor 34
… PTC body 35… Enclosure 39
… Plate 40… Lever mechanism 50
… PTC thermistor 53… Actuator 60
… PTC thermistor 61… Fuse 62
… Sleeve 66… Pin 70
… Enclosure 71… PTC thermistor 81
… Pin 88… PTC thermistor 91
... Contact element 92 ... Contact pin 103
… Fuse wire 118… Rod 11
9 ... Spring element

Front page continued (72) Inventor Jaap Enno Dahlder Sweden, SEE-Gothmelenburg, Utranto Agatan 6b (72) Inventor Edgar Durni, Federal Republic of Germany, Day-40880 Ratingen, Hornderbeek 27 (72) Inventor Gerhard Maute Switzerland, Zheher-5400 Baden, Mühlbergbeek 25 (72) Inventor Lutz Nimeier Switzerland, Tzeha-5242 Bill, Hunnnebeek 454 (72) Inventor Stin Olaf Allsen Norway Country, N-3716 Skien, Nordre Rishingfei 7 (72) Inventor Francesco Perdontin Italy, I-24020 Villa Dier Serio, Via Monte Grappa 14 (72) Inventor Ralph Strünpler Switzerland , Zeha − 5400 Baden, Parkstrasse 29

Claims (27)

[Claims] 1. An electrical main body, which is inserted in at least one main conductor, interrupts at least one main conductor in the event of a predetermined overcurrent, whereby
In an electrical switch device in which a non-linear resistor whose resistance value increases non-linearly with increasing current level is connected in series to an electrical switch, and the non-linear resistor preferably has a positive temperature coefficient, the electrical switch is an electrical disconnector ( elect
rical disconnector) or a load disconnector, wherein an electrical switching device in which a linear or non-linear voltage-dependent impedance element such as a varistor is connected in parallel to a non-linear resistor. 2. When the current of the main conductor changes, the means for detecting the amount of change in the characteristic of the non-linear resistor is provided with a means for generating a signal for the occurrence of a predetermined overcurrent. 2. Switch device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is supplied to an actuating device for the switch device, which actuates the switch device in response to the generation of a signal. 3. The switch device according to claim 2, further comprising means for detecting a voltage change of the non-linear resistor. 4. The switch device according to claim 2, further comprising means for detecting a change in geometrical size of the non-linear resistor. 5. The switch device according to claim 2, further comprising means for detecting a temperature change of the non-linear resistor. 6. An actuator, preferably a piezo-elemen, in which the means for detecting the voltage change of the non-linear resistor is connected in parallel with said non-linear resistor.
t), characterized in that the change of its geometrical structure actuates the actuating device of the switch device.
6. The switch device according to any one of 5 to 5. 7. A non-linear resistor is provided with a switch mechanism having a latch point, and the switch mechanism actuates a disconnector switch or a load disconnector switch by the occurrence of an overcurrent to open the latch point. The switch device according to claim 1, wherein the switch device is a switch device. 8. A sliding element is provided in the switch mechanism, the slide element actuating an actuation device of the disconnect switch or the load disconnect switch when the latch point of the switch mechanism is opened. The switch device according to claim 7. 9. The switch device according to claim 7, wherein a release device is provided on the non-linear resistor, and the release device actuates the switch mechanism. 10. The release device is a latch of a switch mechanism.
The switch device according to claim 9, wherein the switch device is an electromagnet release device having an armature that opens points. 11. Switch device according to claim 9, characterized in that the conductor is connected to one electrode of a non-linear resistor, which conductor is part of an electromagnet release device. 12. Switch according to claim 7, characterized in that the non-linear resistor is held by a support mechanism made of an insulating material together with the switch mechanism and / or the release device and / or the conductor. apparatus. 13. At least one support device comprising an insulating material.
13. Switch device according to claim 12, characterized in that it has three holding rods, the non-linear resistor being unitized with the switch mechanism and / or the release device and / or the conductor. 14. The switch device according to claim 13, wherein the holding rod penetrates the center of the nonlinear resistor. 15. The switch device according to claim 12, wherein the support device is configured as a housing or an enclosure surrounding at least the nonlinear resistor. 16. The switch device according to claim 15, wherein the release device and / or the switch mechanism is arranged in a cavity inside the enclosure. 17. Encapsulation is tubular, preferably cylindrical, and has an end covered with a cap connected to a power supply line or an output terminal to allow conduction of a non-linear resistor. 2. It is connected to
The switch device according to item 6. 18. The switch device according to claim 12, wherein the insulating material has a non-linear resistance value so that the resistance value is lowered by the occurrence of an overvoltage. 19. The switch device according to claim 11, wherein the insulating material is a varistor ceramic. 20. A slide element according to claim 8, wherein the slide element is embodied as a pin and springs out of the support device, preferably the enclosure, under the pressure of a spring device. Switch device. 21. Only the non-linear resistor partially fills the enclosure, an electromagnet arrangement having a switch mechanism and / or a conductor and / or an armature is provided between the non-linear resistor and an adjacent electrically conductive free end. 21. The switch device according to claim 15, wherein the switch device is a switch device. 22. A switch mechanism is formed with a locking mechanism by means of a latch spring element which receives the pressure of a spring device and fixes a sliding element, which is preferably configured as a pin,
Switch device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is opened by the generation of an overcurrent. 23. The latch spring element has a U-shape with a tapered limb, the rim being made of a material whose shape changes with temperature (bimetal material or shape memory alloy). 18. The switch device of claim 17, wherein a tapered rim engages the inner end of the pin behind the mushroom-shaped extension and is secured to the pin. 24. A fuse wire is provided as a locking mechanism, the fuse wire is fixed to the slide element so as to repel the pressure of the spring, and the spring pushes the slide element to the outside when the fuse wire melts due to the generation of overcurrent. The switch device according to claim 1, wherein the switch device is a switch device. 25. The sliding element comprises a compression spring and a sleeve (s)
The sleeve is characterized in that it has a contact protrusion on its inner end, which contacts a mating contact to which a non-linear resistor is electrically connected. The switch device according to claim 24. 26. The sliding element is formed on an inner sleeve, which is closed on the outside, opened on the inside, guided by the sleeve and surrounded by a fuse wire and a compression spring. 25, the switch device. 27. The non-linear resistor is located in the main current path and the fuse wire or U-shaped spring is located in the current path connected in parallel to it. Switch device according to.