JPH0867527A - Glass effectively utilizing natural mineral and incinerated ash of general and industrial waste - Google Patents
Glass effectively utilizing natural mineral and incinerated ash of general and industrial wasteInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0867527A JPH0867527A JP6228566A JP22856694A JPH0867527A JP H0867527 A JPH0867527 A JP H0867527A JP 6228566 A JP6228566 A JP 6228566A JP 22856694 A JP22856694 A JP 22856694A JP H0867527 A JPH0867527 A JP H0867527A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- chemical composition
- composition
- chemical
- natural minerals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、各種ガラス、すなわ
ち狭義のガラスでは、ソーダ石灰ガラス、カリクリスタ
ルガラス、鉛クリスタルガラスなど、ならびに広義のガ
ラスでは結晶化ガラスなどを製造するに際し、天然鉱物
としては、火山灰など、一般廃棄物では家庭ゴミ、産業
廃棄物では下水汚泥、石炭などの焼却灰をガラスの調合
（バッチ）に多量に含有させ、通常の溶融温度でバッチ
を溶融し、製造されたガラスがユーザーの所望する特性
値に適合し、あるいは天然鉱物などに含まれている普通
のけい砂とは異なっている主要成分、着色組成などをう
まく利用して、独特なガラス、例えば着色ガラスをつく
ることができる天然鉱物、一般及び産業廃棄物の焼却灰
などを有効に利用したガラスに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to various kinds of glass, that is, glass in a narrow sense, soda lime glass, potassium crystal glass, lead crystal glass, etc. Was manufactured by adding a large amount of household ash for general waste such as volcanic ash, sewage sludge for industrial waste, and incinerated ash such as coal to a glass compound (batch) and melting the batch at a normal melting temperature. A unique glass, for example, a colored glass, can be obtained by making good use of the main components, coloring compositions, etc. that the glass meets the characteristic values desired by the user or is different from ordinary silica sand contained in natural minerals etc. The present invention relates to glass that effectively uses natural minerals that can be produced and incineration ash of general and industrial wastes.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】天然鉱物、一般及び産業廃棄物の焼却灰
をガラス原料に使用し、ガラス化することは行なわれて
いるが、各種ガラスにおいて系統的な研究については行
なわれておらず、天然鉱物などを多量に使用した場合
は、溶融が困難で通常ガラスを溶融する温度、例えば、
１，４００℃ではガラス化しなかったり、成形時に亀裂
を生じたり、あるいは製品の除歪が十分でないという欠
点を生じた。2. Description of the Related Art Although natural minerals and incineration ash of general and industrial wastes are used as glass raw materials for vitrification, no systematic research has been conducted on various types of glass. When a large amount of minerals is used, it is difficult to melt and the temperature at which glass is usually melted, for example,
At 1,400 ° C., there were drawbacks such that vitrification did not occur, cracking occurred during molding, and product strain was not sufficiently removed.
【０００３】天然鉱物、一般及び産業廃棄物の焼却灰な
どは、化学組成が、普通のガラスの主原料として使用さ
れているけい砂に比べると、化学組成が複雑であり、一
般に、けい酸、アルミナ、酸化カルシウムが大巾に異な
っている。普賢岳の火山灰の例をとると、酸化チタン
（ＴｉＯ２）、酸化鉄（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）がけい砂より多く
含んまれており、酸化鉄はガラスの副原料である酸化
剤、還元剤の何れを添加するかにより色調が変わり、焼
却灰には炭素（Ｃ）を含有しており、これらの組成を有
効に利用する研究がされていなかった。The chemical composition of natural minerals, incineration ash of general and industrial wastes, etc. is more complicated than that of silica, which is used as a main raw material for ordinary glass. Alumina and calcium oxide are very different. Taking the example of Mt. Fugen's volcanic ash, it contains more titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) than silica sand, and iron oxide is either an oxidant or a reducing agent as a glass sub-material. The color tone changes depending on whether the composition is added, and the incinerated ash contains carbon (C), and no studies have been conducted to effectively use these compositions.
【０００４】普賢岳の火山灰は１９９１年の６月に放出
された量だけでも一千万立方メートルを超すといわれ、
一般及び産業廃棄物の焼却灰にしても埋立ての余地がな
い程莫大な量であり、これらの有効利用は被災の復興に
もつながり、公害問題も含めて社会問題でもあるが、天
然鉱物などを多量に消化する方法は従来、充分に考えら
れていなかった。It is said that the volcanic ash of Mt. Fugen, which was released in June 1991, exceeds 10 million cubic meters,
Even if the incineration ash of general and industrial waste is so large that there is no room for landfill, its effective use leads to the reconstruction of the disaster and is a social problem including pollution problems, but natural minerals, etc. Conventionally, the method of digesting a large amount of was not fully considered.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】火山灰、特に普賢岳の
火山灰は、比較的化学組成のバラツキが少ない利点があ
り、特性値の調整が比較的容易であるが、ゴミの焼却灰
は、バラツキがあり、均質な化学組成を得るためには回
収の際の区分、焼却灰の後処理にも問題点があり、関係
者の協力が必要となる。この発明は、天然鉱物、一般及
び産業廃棄物の焼却灰などを多量に使用した、例えば、
天然鉱物などを７０％含有させ、各種ガラスにおいて、
ユーザーの希望する特性値（耐化学性、光学的、電気
的、機械的、熱的性質など）に希望するガラスを従来の
欠点を排除していかに系統的につくるか、天然鉱物など
に含まれる着色成分などをいかに有効に利用するか、セ
メントの骨材は結晶化ガラスが適しており、建築材料、
工業用製品をつくるにはいかなるガラスをつくれば良い
か、これらは大きな問題である。Volcanic ash, especially volcanic ash from Mt. Fugen, has the advantage of relatively small variation in chemical composition, and its characteristic values are relatively easy to adjust, but the incinerated ash of garbage has variations. However, in order to obtain a uniform chemical composition, there are problems in the classification at the time of collection and the post-treatment of incineration ash, and cooperation from the parties concerned is necessary. This invention uses a large amount of natural minerals, incineration ash of general and industrial waste, for example,
Contains 70% natural minerals, and in various glasses,
How to systematically create the desired glass for the user's desired characteristic values (chemical resistance, optical, electrical, mechanical, thermal properties, etc.) by eliminating the conventional defects, natural minerals, etc. Crystallized glass is suitable for the aggregate of cement, how to effectively use coloring components, etc.
What kind of glass should be made to make industrial products is a big problem.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明は、各種ガラス
において、ユーザーの所望する特性値、例えば線膨張係
数（α×１０−７／℃）を定めた標準ガラスの化学組成
を決定し、その化学組成を（Ａ）とする。次に天然鉱
物、一般及び産業廃棄物の焼却灰などの化学組成の百分
率から、天然鉱物などの含有率に応じて化学組成を算出
して（Ｂ）とする。７０％使用した場合は各々の化学組
成に０．７を乗じる。（Ａ）と（Ｂ）とから大なる化学
組成を選択して（Ｃ）とする。（Ｃ）の化学組成で、多
く使用されているけい砂中には、アルミナが０．０８％
程度含まれているので、化学組成から調合組成を求める
際に、アルミナは、けい酸の量により、０．０２〜０．
０５％増加しておく。（Ｂ）と（Ａ）との化学組成のう
ち、けい酸、アルミナ、酸化カルシウムに着目して、
（Ｂ）が（Ａ）の化学組成より大なる場合は、両者の化
学組成の差にアルミナの場合は、０．７〜１．７倍量の
けい酸、酸化カルシウムの場合は１．０〜２．０倍量の
けい酸を差引いた化学組成を（Ｄ）とする。さらに
（Ｄ）を百分率に直すためには、けい酸だけを増減し
て、天然鉱物などを含んだガラス組成を（Ｅ）とする。
これから調合組成を求めることもある。さらに進んで、
化学組成と特性値との間に加成性のある線膨張係数
（α）を選択した場合、（Ａ）の化学組成の百分率か
ら、線膨張係数の因子で計算して、最初に線膨張係数
（α）を求め、次に（Ｅ）の線膨張係数（α）を同じ方
法で算出し、けい酸とアルカリ（酸化ナトリウム、酸化
カリウム、酸化リチウム）とで線膨張係数（α）を調整
した組成を（Ｆ）とする。アルカリは主として、酸化ナ
トリウムを実施例では使用している。調合組成を化学組
成から求める方法は、ユーザーの求める特性値も考慮の
上、酸化剤、還元剤なども選択し、従来、当業者によっ
て行なわれる方式に従って行なったものである。The present invention determines the chemical composition of a standard glass having various characteristic values desired by the user, such as a linear expansion coefficient (α × 10 −7 / ° C.), in various types of glass. The chemical composition is (A). Next, the chemical composition is calculated from the percentage of the chemical composition of natural minerals, incineration ash of general and industrial waste, etc., according to the content rate of natural minerals, etc., and is shown as (B). When 70% is used, each chemical composition is multiplied by 0.7. A large chemical composition is selected from (A) and (B) to be (C). With the chemical composition of (C), 0.08% of alumina is contained in silica sand that is often used.
Since the content of alumina is 0.02 to 0.
Increase by 05%. Of the chemical compositions of (B) and (A), focusing on silicic acid, alumina, and calcium oxide,
When (B) is larger than the chemical composition of (A), the difference in chemical composition between the two is 0.7 to 1.7 times the amount of silicic acid in the case of alumina and 1.0 to in the case of calcium oxide. The chemical composition obtained by subtracting 2.0 times the amount of silicic acid is designated as (D). Further, in order to convert (D) into a percentage, only the silicic acid is increased / decreased and the glass composition containing natural minerals etc. is taken as (E).
The formulation composition may be obtained from this. Going further,
When a linear expansion coefficient (α) having an additive property between the chemical composition and the characteristic value is selected, the coefficient of linear expansion is calculated from the percentage of the chemical composition of (A), and the linear expansion coefficient is first calculated. Then, the linear expansion coefficient (α) of (E) was calculated by the same method, and the linear expansion coefficient (α) was adjusted with silicic acid and alkali (sodium oxide, potassium oxide, lithium oxide). The composition is (F). As the alkali, sodium oxide is mainly used in the examples. The method of obtaining the blended composition from the chemical composition is performed according to the method conventionally used by those skilled in the art, in consideration of the characteristic value required by the user, and selecting the oxidizing agent, the reducing agent and the like.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】標準ガラスの化学組成の決定に際しても、ユー
ザーの希望する特性値を考慮して選定する必要はある
が、前述の手段をもってすれば標準ガラスに近似した特
性値が、天然鉱物などを多量に含んだガラスで得られ、
例えば、天然鉱物などが７０％含有したガラスでも溶融
が容易であり、線膨張係数（α）では標準ガラスとほと
んど近似するガラスが得られる。天然鉱物などの独特な
化学組成により着色剤を加えなくても優雅な色ガラスが
得られ、着色剤を加えれば、さらに多彩なガラスが得ら
れる。まったく着色剤を加えなくて、基礎組成は若干変
える必要はあるが、普賢岳の火山灰では、モスグリー
ン、べっ甲色のガラスが得られ、一般廃棄物の家庭ゴミ
の焼却灰では、青磁のような着色ガラスが得られたり、
産業廃棄物の石炭灰では、金型などに鋳込んで縦に切断
すれば、褐色と黒色との縞模様の工芸品に適するガラス
が得られる。結晶化ガラスは、セメントの骨材としても
適しており、特に大理石の代用となる結晶化ガラスで、
ウオラストナイト（ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ２）の結晶を析出さ
せる熱処理は比較的容易であり、ガラスに結晶を析出さ
せると建築材料、工業用材料などに応用できるので、天
然鉱物などを多量に消化できる。その他、乳濁剤、着色
剤などを加えたり、独特のニューガラスの標準ガラスを
決定し、この発明の手段で化学組成を調整すれば、天然
鉱物などを有効に利用することができる。Function When determining the chemical composition of standard glass, it is necessary to select it in consideration of the characteristic value desired by the user. However, if the above-mentioned means is adopted, the characteristic value similar to that of standard glass will be large in the amount of natural minerals. Obtained with the glass contained in
For example, even a glass containing 70% of natural minerals can be easily melted, and a glass having a linear expansion coefficient (α) almost similar to that of standard glass can be obtained. With its unique chemical composition such as natural minerals, elegant colored glass can be obtained without adding a coloring agent, and if a coloring agent is added, a wider variety of glasses can be obtained. Although it is necessary to slightly change the basic composition without adding a coloring agent at all, the volcanic ash of Mt.Fugen yields moss green and tortoiseshell glass, and the incineration ash of domestic waste from general waste produces a celadon-like coloring. You can get glass,
In the case of coal ash, which is an industrial waste, when cast in a mold or the like and cut vertically, glass suitable for crafts having a striped pattern of brown and black is obtained. Crystallized glass is also suitable as an aggregate of cement, especially as a substitute for marble, crystallized glass,
The heat treatment for precipitating wollastonite (CaO.SiO 2 ) crystals is relatively easy, and when crystals are deposited on glass, they can be applied to building materials, industrial materials, etc., so that a large amount of natural minerals can be digested. In addition, natural minerals and the like can be effectively used by adding an emulsifying agent, a coloring agent or the like, determining a unique standard glass of new glass, and adjusting the chemical composition by the means of the present invention.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】この発明の実施例として、標準ガラスには、
ソーダ石灰ガラス［（Ｇ）−１］、鉛クリスタルガラス
［（Ｇ）−２］、結晶化ガラス［（Ｇ）−３］の３種類
を、天然鉱物としては、普賢岳の火山灰（ＦＡ）、一般
廃棄物の焼却灰としては、家庭のゴミの焼却灰（ＧＡ）
を選択する。いずれの実施例でも、調合組成に（Ｆ
Ａ）、（ＧＡ）を７０％含有させた化学組成を求めた。
但し、天然鉱物などの化学組成のうち、含有量の少ない
化学組成については、合計して「その他」として表して
いる。EXAMPLE As an example of the present invention, the standard glass includes
Soda lime glass [(G) -1], lead crystal glass [(G) -2], and crystallized glass [(G) -3] are used as natural minerals for volcanic ash (FA) from Fugendake, and general Incineration ash (GA) of household waste as incineration ash of waste
Select In each of the examples, the composition (F
The chemical composition containing 70% of (A) and (GA) was determined.
However, among the chemical compositions of natural minerals and the like, the chemical composition with a small content is expressed as “others” in total.
【０００９】以下、表に示す記号は次のとおりである。 （Ａ）は、標準ガラスの化学組成。［ＦＡ（７０）］は
普賢岳の火山灰の百分率に０．７を乗じた化学組成。 ［（Ｂ）の一例］［ＧＡ（７０）］は、ゴミの焼却灰の
百分率に０．７を乗じた化学組成。 ［（Ｂ）の一例］（Ｃ）は、（Ａ）及び［ＦＡ（７
０）］又は［ＧＡ（７０）］からなる大なる化学組成を
選出する。この場合、調合組成のけい砂にアルミナが含
有されるので、アルミナを若干増加する。（けい砂の一
例としてアルミナは０．０８％含有）（Ｄ）は、（Ａ）
と（Ｃ）との化学組成のうち、けい酸、アルミナ、酸化
カルシウムを比較して、（Ｃ）の組成のアルミナ、及
び、酸化カルシウムが（Ａ）の組成より大なる場合に
は、特許請求範囲の限定範囲の中心点をとり、アルミナ
の場合は１．２倍、酸化カルシウムの場合は１．５倍の
けい酸を差引いた化学組成にしてある。（Ｅ）は、さら
に（Ｄ）を百分率に直すために、けい酸だけで調整した
化学組成。実施例で火山灰などの含有率を７０％とした
が、他の含有率でも（Ｂ）の化学組成を変えることによ
り、調整が可能である。The symbols shown in the table below are as follows. (A) is a chemical composition of standard glass. [FA (70)] is the chemical composition obtained by multiplying the percentage of volcanic ash on Mt. Fugen by 0.7. [Example of (B)] [GA (70)] is a chemical composition obtained by multiplying the percentage of incinerated ash of garbage by 0.7. [One Example of (B)] (C) is the same as (A) and [FA (7
0)] or [GA (70)] is selected. In this case, since alumina is contained in the silica sand of the compounding composition, the amount of alumina is slightly increased. (Alumina contains 0.08% as an example of silica sand) (D) is (A)
Among the chemical compositions of (C) and (C), silicic acid, alumina, and calcium oxide are compared, and when the alumina and calcium oxide of the composition of (C) are larger than the composition of (A), The chemical composition is set such that the center point of the limited range is 1.2 times smaller for alumina and 1.5 times less for calcium oxide. (E) is a chemical composition adjusted only with silicic acid in order to further convert (D) into a percentage. In the examples, the content of volcanic ash and the like is set to 70%, but other content rates can be adjusted by changing the chemical composition of (B).
【００１０】特性値に化学組成と加成性のある線膨張係
数を選定した場合、（Ａ）より線膨張係数の因子で計算
して、次に（Ｅ）の線膨張係数を同じ方法で求め、
（Ｅ）のけい酸とアルカリ（酸化ナトリウム、酸化カリ
ウム、酸化リチウム）とで、線膨張係数を調整した化学
組成を（Ｆ）とする。実施例の場合は、けい酸と酸化ナ
トリウムで調整されている。When a coefficient of linear expansion having a chemical composition and an additive property is selected as the characteristic value, the coefficient of linear expansion is calculated from (A), and then the coefficient of linear expansion of (E) is obtained by the same method. ,
The chemical composition in which the linear expansion coefficient is adjusted with the silicic acid of (E) and an alkali (sodium oxide, potassium oxide, lithium oxide) is referred to as (F). In the case of the examples, it is adjusted with silicic acid and sodium oxide.
【００１１】[0011]
【化１】 化１の場合、表１に示すように化学組成から調合組成へ
計算するために、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を０．０３％増加する。
［（Ｃ）参照］。（Ｃ）と（Ａ）との化学組成で、Ａｌ
２Ｏ３は、１１．９０−２．００＝９．９０（％）、
（Ｃ）の方が大であり、ＣａＯは少ない。従って、Ｃａ
ＯはそのままとしＡｌ２Ｏ３で調整する。９．９０×
１．２＝１１．８８（％）のＳｉＯ２を減じる。
［（Ｄ）参照］。次に、百分率にするためＳｉＯ２で調
整する。（Ｅ）の化学組成から調合組成を求めてもよい
が、標準ガラスの線膨張係数αと（Ｅ）のαを近似させ
るためには、線膨張係数の計算因子からαを求めて、Ｓ
ｉＯ２とＮａ２Ｏとで調整する。（Ｆ）の化学組成から
調合組成を求める。 （Ｆ）の化学組成から線膨張係数（α）を求めたが、
（Ａ）のαと（Ｆ）のαとの差Δαは、０．２４×１０
−７／℃で、（Ａ）（Ｆ）の両者のガラスは、工芸ガラ
スの被せガラスとしても充分使用することができる。Embedded image In the case of Chemical formula 1, Al 2 O 3 is increased by 0.03% in order to calculate from the chemical composition to the composition as shown in Table 1.
[See (C)]. With the chemical composition of (C) and (A), Al
2 O 3 is 11.90−2.00 = 9.90 (%),
(C) is larger and has less CaO. Therefore, Ca
O is left as it is and adjusted with Al 2 O 3 . 9.90x
1.2 = 1.88 (%) of SiO 2 is reduced.
[See (D)]. Then adjusted with SiO 2 for the percentage. The blended composition may be obtained from the chemical composition of (E), but in order to approximate the linear expansion coefficient α of the standard glass to the α of (E), α is calculated from the calculation coefficient of the linear expansion coefficient and S
Adjust with iO 2 and Na 2 O. A formulation composition is obtained from the chemical composition of (F). The coefficient of linear expansion (α) was calculated from the chemical composition of (F).
The difference Δα between α in (A) and α in (F) is 0.24 × 10
At −7 / ° C., both glasses (A) and (F) can be sufficiently used as cover glass for craft glass.
【００１２】[0012]
【化２】 化２の場合、表２に示すように、表１と同様、Ａｌ２Ｏ
３を０．０３％増加する。［（Ｃ）参照］、Ａｌ２Ｏ３
は、４．９６−２．００＝２．９６（％）大きいので、
２．９６×１．２＝３．５５２（％）のＳｉＯ２を減じ
る。ＣａＯは、２５．２０−５．７０＝１９．５０
（％）大であり、１９．５０×１．５＝２９．２５
（％）ＳｉＯ２を減じる。従って、３．５５２＋２９．
２５≒３２．８０（％）のＳｉＯ２を減じる。［（Ｄ）
参照］、百分率に直すために、ＳｉＯ２だけで調整す
る。［（Ｅ）参照］、（Ｅ）の化学組成を調合組成に直
す。（Ａ）の線膨張係数（α）と近似させるためには、
化１と同様、ＳｉＯ２とＮａ２Ｏとで調整する。Embedded image In the case of Chemical formula 2, as shown in Table 2, as in Table 1, Al 2 O
3 is increased by 0.03%. [See (C)], Al 2 O 3
Is larger than 4.96−2.00 = 2.96 (%),
2.96 × 1.2 = 3.552 (%) of SiO 2 is reduced. CaO is 25.20-5.70 = 19.50.
(%) Large, 19.50 × 1.5 = 29.25
(%) Reduce SiO 2 . Therefore, 3.552 + 29.
25 ≈ 32.80 (%) SiO 2 is reduced. [(D)
See], adjust with SiO 2 alone to restore percentage. [Refer to (E)], and the chemical composition of (E) is changed to a blended composition. In order to approximate the linear expansion coefficient (α) of (A),
As in Chemical formula 1, adjustment is performed with SiO 2 and Na 2 O.
【００１３】[0013]
【化３】 Ａｌ２Ｏ３を０．０３％増加［（Ｃ）参照］。Ａｌ２Ｏ
３をＳｉＯ２に置き換え、１１．９０−０．１０＝１
１．８０（％）１１．８０×１．２＝１４．０６
（％）、ＣａＯをＳｉＯ２に置き換え、３．３０−１．
６０＝１．７０（％）、１．７０×１．５＝２．５５
（％）従って、ＳｉＯ２を１４．１６＋２．５５＝１
６．７１（％）減じる。［（Ｄ）参照］。（Ｅ）の化学
組成から調合組成を求めても良いが標準ガラス（Ａ）の
線膨張係数（α）と（Ｅ）のαとを近似させるために
は、線膨張係数の計算因子からαを求めて、ＳｉＯ２と
Ｎａ２Ｏとで調整する。 （Ａ）と（Ｆ）との線膨張係数の差は計算値によれば、
０．１７×１０−７／℃であり、充分に被せガラス製品
にも応用が可能である。（Ｆ）の化学組成から調合組成
を求める。[Chemical 3] Increase Al 2 O 3 by 0.03% [see (C)]. Al 2 O
3 was replaced with SiO 2 , 11.90-0.10 = 1
1.80 (%) 11.80 × 1.2 = 14.06
(%), Replacing the CaO to SiO 2, 3.30-1.
60 = 1.70 (%), 1.70 × 1.5 = 2.55
(%) Therefore, SiO 2 is 14.16 + 2.55 = 1
It is reduced by 6.71 (%). [See (D)]. The blending composition may be obtained from the chemical composition of (E), but in order to approximate the linear expansion coefficient (α) of the standard glass (A) to the α of (E), α is calculated from the linear expansion coefficient calculation factor. Obtain and adjust with SiO 2 and Na 2 O. According to the calculated values, the difference in the coefficient of linear expansion between (A) and (F) is
It is 0.17 × 10 −7 / ° C., and it can be applied to a sufficiently covered glass product. A formulation composition is obtained from the chemical composition of (F).
【００１４】[0014]
【化４】 Ａｌ２Ｏ３を０．０３％増加［（Ｃ）参照］。Ａｌ２Ｏ
３の場合、４．９６−０．１０＝４．８６（％） ４．８６×１．２＝５．８３２（％） ＣａＯの場合、２５．２０−１．６０＝２３．６０
（％） ２３．６０×１．５＝３５．４０（％） 従って、ＳｉＯ２を５．８３２＋３５．４０≒４１．２
３（％）減じる。（Ａ）の線膨張係数（α）と近似させ
る場合は（Ｅ）のＳｉＯ２とＮａ２Ｏとを調整する。[Chemical 4] Increase Al 2 O 3 by 0.03% [see (C)]. Al 2 O
In the case of 3 , 4.96-0.10 = 4.86 (%) 4.86 × 1.2 = 5.832 (%) In the case of CaO, 25.20-1.60 = 23.60.
(%) 23.60 × 1.5 = 35.40 (%) Therefore, SiO 2 is 5.832 + 35.40≈41.2.
Reduce by 3 (%). When the linear expansion coefficient (α) of (A) is approximated, SiO 2 and Na 2 O of (E) are adjusted.
【００１５】[0015]
【化５】 Ａｌ２Ｏ３は、０．０３（％）増加［（Ｃ）参照］。
（Ａ）と（Ｃ）とでＡｌ２Ｏ３を比較した場合、１１．
９０−２．００＝９．９０（％）、９．９０×１．２＝
１１．８８（％）のＳｉＯ２を減じる。ＣａＯの場合、
［ＦＡ（７０）］すなわち、（Ｂ）の方が（Ａ）より少
ないので調整する必要はない。（Ｅ）はＳｉＯ２を調整
して百分率としている。（Ｅ）の化学組成から、調合組
成（バッチ）を計算し、溶融成形後、熱処理を行なって
（例えば、９５０℃、３時間）結晶化ガラスが得られ
る。（Ａ）の線膨張係数（α）に近似させる前述の方法
で、（Ｆ）の化学組成をつくって、前述のように処理し
ても目的のガラスが得られる。[Chemical 5] Al 2 O 3 increased by 0.03 (%) [see (C)].
When comparing Al 2 O 3 between (A) and (C), 11.
90-2.00 = 9.90 (%), 9.90 × 1.2 =
11.88 (%) of SiO 2 is reduced. In the case of CaO,
[FA (70)], that is, (B) is smaller than (A), so that adjustment is not necessary. (E) is the percentage by adjusting the SiO 2. A blended composition (batch) is calculated from the chemical composition of (E), and after melt molding, heat treatment is performed (for example, 950 ° C., 3 hours) to obtain crystallized glass. Even if the chemical composition of (F) is prepared by the above-mentioned method of approximating the linear expansion coefficient (α) of (A) and the treatment is carried out as described above, the target glass can be obtained.
【００１６】[0016]
【化６】 Ａｌ２Ｏ３は、０．０３（％）増加［（Ｃ）参照］。Ａ
ｌ２Ｏ３の場合、４．９６−２．００＝２．９６
（％）、２．９６×１．２＝３．５５２（％） ＣａＯの場合、２５．２０−１４．００＝１１．２
（％）、１１．２０×１．５＝１６．８０（％） 従って、ＳｉＯ２は、３．５５２＋１６．８０≒２０．
３５（％）減じる。［（Ｄ）参照］ （Ｅ）は百分率にするため、ＳｉＯ２で調整する。
（Ｅ）の化学組成、又は前述の如く調整した（Ｆ）の化
学組成を調合組成（バッチ）に計算し、これを溶融成形
熱処理すれば、結晶化ガラスが得られる。ゴミの焼却灰
には酸化カルシウムが多く含まれており、経済的であ
り、天然大理石として用いられるウオラストナイト（Ｃ
ａＯ・ＳｉＯ２）の析出したガラスが得られ、セメント
の骨材としても使用され、建築材料などに適していて、
天然鉱物などを多量に消化することができる。標準ガラ
ス（Ａ）を定めておけば、この発明の調整手段であらゆ
るガラスをつくることができ、例えば、結晶化ガラスで
も熱膨張率の低い、ウイレマイト（２ＺｎＯ・Ｓｉ
Ｏ２）、ユークリプタイト（Ｌｉ２Ｏ・Ａｌ２Ｏ３・２
ＳｉＯ２）の析出も可能である。廃棄物については普賢
岳の火山灰とゴミの焼却灰を実施例では選択したが、あ
らゆる無機質の廃棄物を使用しても差し支えない。[Chemical 6] Al 2 O 3 increased by 0.03 (%) [see (C)]. A
In the case of l 2 O 3, 4.96-2.00 = 2.96
(%), 2.96 × 1.2 = 3.552 (%) In the case of CaO, 25.20-14.00 = 11.2
(%), 11.20 × 1.5 = 16.80 (%) Therefore, SiO 2 is 3.552 + 16.80≈20.
35 (%) reduction. [(D) Reference] (E) is to the percentage, adjusted with SiO 2.
A crystallized glass is obtained by calculating the chemical composition of (E) or the chemical composition of (F) adjusted as described above as a blending composition (batch) and subjecting this to melt molding heat treatment. Waste incineration ash contains a large amount of calcium oxide, is economical, and is a wollastonite (C
aO ・ SiO 2 ) -precipitated glass is obtained, and it is also used as an aggregate of cement, suitable for building materials, etc.
A large amount of natural minerals can be digested. By defining the standard glass (A), any glass can be produced by the adjusting means of the present invention. For example, even crystallized glass has a low coefficient of thermal expansion such as willemite (2ZnO.Si).
O 2 ) and eucryptite (Li 2 O ・ Al 2 O 3・ 2)
Precipitation of SiO 2 ) is also possible. As for waste, volcanic ash of Mt. Fugen and incineration ash of garbage were selected in the examples, but any inorganic waste may be used.
【００１７】特許請求の範囲でＡｌ２Ｏ３をＳｉＯ２及
びＣａＯをＳｉＯ２に置き換える数値を限定した理由
は、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を０．７倍以下、ＣａＯを１．０倍以下
にした場合は溶融が困難であり、Ａｌ２Ｏ３を１．７倍
以上、ＣａＯを２．０倍以上にした場合は、標準ガラス
の特性値に近似しなくなるためである。実施例では、Ａ
ｌ２Ｏ３の場合１．２倍、ＣａＯの場合１．５倍のＳｉ
Ｏ２を選択して計算されているが、特許請求の限定範囲
内なら調整は差し支えない。The reason why the numerical values for replacing Al 2 O 3 with SiO 2 and CaO with SiO 2 is limited in the claims is that Al 2 O 3 is 0.7 times or less and CaO is 1.0 times or less. Is difficult to melt, and when Al 2 O 3 is 1.7 times or more and CaO is 2.0 times or more, the characteristic values of the standard glass are not approximated. In the embodiment, A
1.2 times Si for l 2 O 3 and 1.5 times Si for CaO
The calculation is made by selecting O 2 , but the adjustment can be made within the limited range of the claims.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】この発明により、化学組成を調整し、調
合組成（バッチ）をつくって溶融すれば、従来のガラス
の欠点を排除し、各種標準ガラスをユーザーの要求する
特性値に一致させておけば、天然鉱物を多く含んだガラ
スでさえ、標準ガラスに近い特性値をもったガラスが得
られる。実施例では、ソーダ石灰ガラス、鉛クリスタル
ガラス、結晶化ガラスについて、調整の手段を示した
が、乳濁ガラス、着色ガラスなど、すべてのガラスに応
用することが可能である。この発明は、融点についても
充分考慮されており、多くの研究の結果発明されたもの
であって、溶融が容易であり、成形中の亀裂もなく、適
正な徐冷温度はもちろん必要であるが、徐歪も充分なガ
ラスが得られる。実施例では、特性値として、線膨張係
数についてその調整方法について述べたが、ガラスの化
学組成と特性値との間に加成性のある例えば、比重では
まったく同じ方法で化学組成の調整が可能である。その
他の特性値にしても、化学組成との関係を知ることによ
り、最終の調整、例えば、化学的耐久性を良くするため
には、アルミナ、酸化ジルコニウチなどを増加したりし
て、天然鉱物などを含んだガラスを調整することが可能
である。According to the present invention, by adjusting the chemical composition, preparing a compounding composition (batch) and melting it, the defects of conventional glass can be eliminated, and various standard glasses can be made to match the characteristic values required by the user. By doing so, even a glass containing a large amount of natural minerals can obtain a glass having characteristic values close to those of standard glass. In the examples, soda-lime glass, lead crystal glass, and crystallized glass are shown as means for adjustment, but they can be applied to all glasses such as emulsion glass and colored glass. The present invention is also invented as a result of many studies, in which the melting point is also sufficiently taken into consideration, it is easy to melt, there is no crack during molding, and an appropriate slow cooling temperature is of course necessary. A glass with sufficient gradual strain can be obtained. In the examples, the adjustment method for the linear expansion coefficient was described as the characteristic value, but there is an additivity between the chemical composition of the glass and the characteristic value, for example, it is possible to adjust the chemical composition in exactly the same manner in terms of specific gravity. Is. Even for other characteristic values, by knowing the relationship with the chemical composition, final adjustment, for example, to improve the chemical durability, increase alumina, zirconium oxide, etc. It is possible to adjust the glass containing.
【００１９】従来は、この発明に示すような手段はまっ
たく考えられておらず、この発明は硝種によっては天然
鉱物などの含有率の多少の調整は必要であるが、狭義の
ガラスはもちろんのことあらゆる広義のガラスを含めた
ガラスに応用可能な新規なものである。天然鉱物、一般
及び産業廃棄物の焼却灰に含有される主成分、副成分も
有効に利用して、独特なガラスをつくることができる。
ゴミの焼却灰には、酸化カルシウムを多く含んでいるの
で、ウオラストナイトの結晶を析出させるのには好都合
であり、着色剤は加えなくても青磁のような色ガラスが
製造可能である。普賢岳の火山灰には、酸化鉄、酸化チ
タンを含有しているので、モスグリーン、べっ甲色のガ
ラスが得られ、石炭灰では、茶と黒との縞模様となり、
工芸ガラスとしても適している。天然鉱物などに、着色
剤、酸化剤、あるいは還元剤を加えると多彩なガラスが
得られる。Conventionally, the means shown in the present invention has not been considered at all, and the present invention requires some adjustment of the content ratio of natural minerals depending on the type of glass, but not to mention glass in a narrow sense. It is a novel material that can be applied to glass, including glass in all broad senses. Unique glass can be made by effectively utilizing the main components and subcomponents contained in incineration ash of natural minerals and general and industrial wastes.
Since the incinerated ash of garbage contains a large amount of calcium oxide, it is convenient for precipitating wollastonite crystals, and colored glass such as celadon can be produced without adding a coloring agent. Fugendake's volcanic ash contains iron oxide and titanium oxide, so moss green and tortoiseshell glass can be obtained, and coal ash has a striped pattern of brown and black,
It is also suitable as a craft glass. A variety of glasses can be obtained by adding coloring agents, oxidizing agents, or reducing agents to natural minerals.
【００２０】結晶化ガラスでは、ウオラストナイトを析
出させる実施例について述べたが、他の結晶、例えばウ
イレマイト、ユークリプタイトなどを析出させて耐熱性
のある結晶化ガラスの製造も可能である。結晶化ガラス
はセメントの骨材としても適しており、天然鉱物などの
多量の消化できることは、優れた方法である。ガラス粉
末と天然鉱物などとの混合物を混合して、例えば８５０
℃で焼結しても、例えば普賢岳の火山灰は、アンバーと
なり、ゴミの焼却灰では灰色がかったアンバーガラスと
なり、審美であって、工芸ガラス、工業用材料として適
している。In the case of crystallized glass, the example in which wollastonite is precipitated has been described, but it is also possible to manufacture heat-resistant crystallized glass by precipitating other crystals such as willemite and eucryptite. Crystallized glass is also suitable as an aggregate of cement, and the ability to digest large amounts of natural minerals is an excellent method. Mixing a mixture of glass powder and natural minerals, for example, 850
Even if sintered at ℃, for example, volcanic ash of Mt. Fugen becomes amber and incinerated ash of garbage becomes amber glass, which is aesthetic and is suitable as industrial glass and industrial material.
【００２１】この発明によれば、ニューガラスともいう
べき、多孔性ガラス、いろいろな性質の結晶化ガラスな
ども、標準ガラスを決定して後、天然鉱物などを含有し
た化学組成を調整すれば、製造することができる。ゴミ
の廃棄物では、化学組成のバラツキを少なくする対策が
望まれるが、家庭ゴミの廃棄も増加している現状であ
り、化学組成の多少のバラツキがあっても、この発明の
調整手段を行なえば、所望のガラスが得られることは顕
著な効果である。According to the present invention, porous glass, crystallized glass having various properties, which should be called new glass, etc., can be prepared by determining the standard glass and then adjusting the chemical composition containing natural minerals. It can be manufactured. Although it is desirable to take measures to reduce variations in chemical composition in waste waste, the current situation is that household waste is also being discarded, and even if there is some variation in chemical composition, the adjustment means of the present invention can be used. Thus, obtaining the desired glass is a remarkable effect.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｃ０３Ｃ 6/00 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location C03C 6/00
Claims (1)
化学組成を決定した後、天然鉱物、一般及び産業廃棄物
の焼却灰などの化学組成の百分率から、ガラス調合に含
まれる天然鉱物などの含有率に応じた化学組成を算出
し、各々の化学組成で、前者と後者との大なる組成を選
択し、この化学組成と標準ガラスの組成のうち、けい酸
（ＳｉＯ２）、アルミナ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）、及び、酸化カ
ルシウム（ＣａＯ）を比較して、選択された化学組成
が、標準ガラスの化学組成より大なる場合は、両者の化
学組成の差を求め、その差に、アルミナの場合は、０．
７〜１．７倍量のけい酸、酸化カルシウムの場合は１．
０〜２．０倍量のけい酸を選択された化学組成から差引
き、次にこの化学組成が百分率になるように、けい酸だ
けで調整し、天然鉱物などを含んだガラスの化学組成と
することを特徴とする天然鉱物、一般及び産業廃棄物の
焼却灰などを有効に利用したガラス。1. In various glasses, after the desired chemical composition of standard glass is determined, the content of natural minerals contained in the glass formulation is determined from the percentage of the chemical composition of natural minerals, incineration ash of general and industrial waste, etc. The chemical composition according to the ratio is calculated, and for each chemical composition, the larger composition of the former and the latter is selected, and among these chemical compositions and the composition of the standard glass, silicic acid (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), and calcium oxide (CaO) are compared, and when the selected chemical composition is larger than the chemical composition of the standard glass, the difference between the two is calculated, and the difference is the case of alumina. Is 0.
In the case of 7 to 1.7 times the amount of silicic acid and calcium oxide, 1.
Subtract 0 to 2.0 times the amount of silicic acid from the selected chemical composition, then adjust only with silicic acid so that this chemical composition becomes a percentage, and with the chemical composition of the glass containing natural minerals, etc. Glass that effectively uses natural minerals, incineration ash of general and industrial waste, etc.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6228566A JPH0867527A (en) | 1994-08-19 | 1994-08-19 | Glass effectively utilizing natural mineral and incinerated ash of general and industrial waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6228566A JPH0867527A (en) | 1994-08-19 | 1994-08-19 | Glass effectively utilizing natural mineral and incinerated ash of general and industrial waste |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0867527A true JPH0867527A (en) | 1996-03-12 |
Family
ID=16878377
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6228566A Pending JPH0867527A (en) | 1994-08-19 | 1994-08-19 | Glass effectively utilizing natural mineral and incinerated ash of general and industrial waste |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0867527A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004041734A1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-05-21 | Rockwool International A/S | Method for preparing a mineral melt |
| KR100477333B1 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2005-03-25 | 대한민국(순천대학교 총장) | Glass Composition and Crystallized Glass Composition Having Low Melting Temperature Using Fly Ash of Power Station, and Method for Making the Same |
| CN100383071C (en) * | 2006-01-25 | 2008-04-23 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Sludge microcrystalline glass and its preparation method |
| JP2008173558A (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-31 | Petroleum Energy Center | Water-permeable purifying wall and purification treatment method of polluted underground water |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5227093A (en) * | 1975-08-27 | 1977-03-01 | Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd | Method for utilizing effectively industrial waste products containing lead |
| JPS59164669A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1984-09-17 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Manufacture of crystallized matter |
| JPS6465044A (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-10 | Kamaya Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Colored glass |
| JPH01224084A (en) * | 1988-03-01 | 1989-09-07 | Toyo Nenki Kk | Method for treating and utilizing waste |
| JPH04317436A (en) * | 1990-12-25 | 1992-11-09 | Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd | Production of crystallized glass |
-
1994
- 1994-08-19 JP JP6228566A patent/JPH0867527A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5227093A (en) * | 1975-08-27 | 1977-03-01 | Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd | Method for utilizing effectively industrial waste products containing lead |
| JPS59164669A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1984-09-17 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Manufacture of crystallized matter |
| JPS6465044A (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-10 | Kamaya Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Colored glass |
| JPH01224084A (en) * | 1988-03-01 | 1989-09-07 | Toyo Nenki Kk | Method for treating and utilizing waste |
| JPH04317436A (en) * | 1990-12-25 | 1992-11-09 | Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd | Production of crystallized glass |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100477333B1 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2005-03-25 | 대한민국(순천대학교 총장) | Glass Composition and Crystallized Glass Composition Having Low Melting Temperature Using Fly Ash of Power Station, and Method for Making the Same |
| WO2004041734A1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-05-21 | Rockwool International A/S | Method for preparing a mineral melt |
| CN100383071C (en) * | 2006-01-25 | 2008-04-23 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Sludge microcrystalline glass and its preparation method |
| JP2008173558A (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-31 | Petroleum Energy Center | Water-permeable purifying wall and purification treatment method of polluted underground water |
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