JPH0865251A - Optical network and optical circuit board - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve the connectability between parallel processors, various optoelectronic elements and optoelectronic devices and to enable miniaturization and cost reduction at the same time by performing packet exchange by forming a loop-shaped light guide on the optical circuit board. CONSTITUTION: An optical line forms a loop and passes near a processor unit (PE) or part of it, all or part of the PE is provided with one or more optical transmitters for transmitting optical signals and one or more receivers for converting the optical signals into electric signals, and connected to each other with the optical line loop. An optical network for 16 pieces of PE is formed by a banyan network, and 16 pieces of optical loops are formed. The transmitters of LD and the receivers of PD are formed corresponding to the respective PEs. The signals of respective PEs are transmitted from the correspondent transmitters as optical signals. The signals are switched to a desired loop by the banyan network composed of an optical switch, converted to the electric signals by the receiver corresponding to the desired PE and transmitted.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to optical networks and optical circuit boards. The present invention particularly relates to an optical network and an optical circuit board that can speed up a computer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The most powerful method for increasing the speed of a computer is parallelization. In order to realize this, it is important to enhance the wiring switching (exchange) capability. In the conventional replacement by electricity, the size of the switching device is large and the power consumption is enormous, and it is difficult to realize a compact system.

[0003]

Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to form a loop-shaped optical waveguide on an optical circuit board,
It is to improve this by performing packet switching.

[0004]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an optical signal for exchanging signals between processor units selected from electronic devices, electronic devices, electronic optical devices and electronic optical devices. In an optical network equipped with wiring, an optical line forms a loop and passes through all or some of the processor units, and all or some of the processor units transmit optical signals and optical signals are converted into electrical signals. Provided is an optical network and an optical circuit board, each of which is provided with one or more receivers for conversion and coupled with an optical line loop.

Various embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but these embodiments are not of course limiting to the present invention. In the optical network of the present invention, the number of optical line loops may be one,
It may be plural. The electronic element and the electronic device are L
SI, microprocessor, processor element (P
E), MCM, workstation, personal computer, large computer and peripheral terminal device. Alternatively, the electronic element and the electronic device are LDs,
It may be a combination of an optical device and an electronic element or electronic device selected from LEDs, PDs, phototransistors, nonlinear optical devices, waveguides, holograms, gratings, optical amplifiers and waveguide lasers.

A transmitter and / or a receiver may be provided at the end of the optical line loop corresponding to each processor unit. Also, an optical switch for switching an optical signal between the loops may be provided. The optical switch may be a Banyan net type or a crossbar type. The optical switch is driven by an LSI including an interface circuit incorporated or added to each processor unit or a driving LSI mounted or incorporated on a substrate.

A waveguide loop corresponding to each processor unit is provided, a transmitter for each processor unit is coupled to this, and an optical switch provided for each processor unit in each waveguide loop is used to output light from another processor unit. A signal is selected, and an optical signal from a desired processor unit is guided to a receiver of each processor unit and received.
An optical line loop corresponding to each processor unit is provided, the receiver of each processor unit is coupled to this, the optical signal from the transmitter is introduced into the optical line loop corresponding to the destination processor unit by an optical switch, and the desired processor unit To send an optical signal to. A filter array or demultiplexer that demultiplexes the light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit, selectively captures it, and guides it to the receiver array of each processor unit corresponding to each wavelength is provided in the optical line loop, and An optical signal of a desired processor unit is received by providing a transmitter that outputs an optical signal for each processor unit and selectively guiding an optical signal of a wavelength corresponding to a desired transmission source processor unit to a receiver. A filter or demultiplexer that selectively takes in the light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guides it to the receiver of each processor unit is provided in the optical line loop, and a transmitter array that outputs an optical signal of the assigned wavelength is provided for each processor unit. An optical signal having a wavelength corresponding to the desired destination processor unit is selectively introduced into the optical line loop to transmit the optical signal to the desired processor unit. A tunable filter or demultiplexer that selectively receives the light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guides it to the receiver of each processor unit is provided in the waveguide loop, and a transmitter that outputs an optical signal of the assigned wavelength is provided for each processor unit. The optical signal of the desired processor unit is received by selectively guiding the optical signal of the wavelength corresponding to the desired source processor unit to the receiver. Alternatively, a wavelength tunable transmitter that selectively captures light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and introduces a filter or demultiplexer to the receiver of each processor unit in the waveguide loop and outputs an optical signal of the assigned wavelength The optical signal is transmitted to each desired processor unit by providing it in each processor unit and selectively introducing an optical signal of a wavelength corresponding to the desired destination processor unit into the optical line loop. A wavelength tunable transmitter that selectively captures the light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and provides a tunable filter or demultiplexer that guides the receiver of each processor unit to the optical line loop and outputs an optical signal of at least the assigned wavelength. It is provided for each processor unit, and the header and data of the transmission signal are transmitted at different wavelengths. A tunable filter or demultiplexer that selectively takes in the light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guides it to the receiver of each processor unit is provided in the optical line loop, and each tunable transmitter that outputs an optical signal of the assigned wavelength is Provided on a processor-by-processor basis, the header of the transmitted signal is sent at the destination's assigned wavelength and the data is sent at the source's assigned wavelength, where each processor-based filter is usually tuned to its own assigned frequency May be tuned to the corresponding wavelength when the source arrives, and may be tuned to its own wavelength after reception. The optical line loop is provided with a tunable filter or a demultiplexer that selectively takes in light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guides it to the receiver of each processor unit.
A wavelength tunable transmitter that outputs an optical signal of the assigned wavelength and the assigned wavelength for the header is provided for each processor unit,
The header of the transmitted signal is transmitted at a wavelength that is different from each assigned wavelength, and the data is transmitted at the source assigned wavelength, where the per-processor filter is usually tuned to capture at least a portion of the header assigned wavelength. The source and the destination may be recognized by the captured header, and when the destination is itself, the wavelength may be tuned to the wavelength corresponding to the source, and when the reception is finished, the wavelength may be tuned to the assigned wavelength for the header. A tunable filter or demultiplexer that selectively takes in the light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guides it to the receiver of each processor unit is provided in the optical line loop and outputs the optical signal of the assigned wavelength and the assigned wavelength for the header. A wavelength tunable transmitter is provided for each processor unit, the header of the transmission signal is transmitted at a wavelength different from each assigned wavelength, and the data is transmitted at its own assigned wavelength as the destination, in which case the filter for each processor is usually It is tuned to capture at least a part of the allocated wavelength for the header, recognizes the source and the destination by the captured header, and if the destination is itself, it is tuned to the corresponding wavelength and when reception ends It may be tuned to the assigned wavelength for the header.

Alternatively, an optical line loop corresponding to each processor unit is provided, a transmitter array for outputting an optical signal of a wavelength for multiplexing is coupled to the optical line loop, and each optical line loop is provided with an optical switch provided for each processor unit. Select the optical signal from each processor unit, demultiplex the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal consisting of multiple wavelengths through the filter or demultiplexer, and combine it with the receiver array of each processor unit corresponding to each wavelength, and The wavelength-multiplexed optical signal from the processor unit is guided to the receiver array of each unit and received. An optical line loop corresponding to each processor unit is provided, and a wavelength-multiplexed optical signal consisting of multiple wavelengths is demultiplexed through a filter or demultiplexer, and a receiver array for each processor unit corresponding to each wavelength is provided. Combine,
On the other hand, a transmitter array that outputs an optical signal of the wavelength for multiplexing is provided for each processor unit, and the optical signal from the transmitter array is merged with the optical line loop corresponding to the destination processor unit by an optical switch, and wavelength multiplexing is performed for each desired processor unit. The transmitted optical signal is transmitted.

Driving of the transmitter, the receiver and / or the tunable filter is performed by an LSI including an interface circuit incorporated in or added to each processor or a driving LSI mounted on or incorporated in a substrate. Further, the signal multiplexing is performed by an LSI including an interface circuit incorporated in or added to each processor or a driving LSI mounted on or incorporated in a substrate. The transmitter includes an LD, an optical solder, a grating, a hologram, a Z-axis waveguide, SELPIT and SOLNET (Japanese Patent Application No.
The coupling with the waveguide is performed by a method selected from (-140502). The transmitter includes an electro-optical optical switch or an optical modulator driven by voltage, and includes an optical wiring that converts an electric signal into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal. The transmitter includes an electro-optical optical switch or optical modulator driven by voltage, and picks up at least a part of the light of the optical waveguide as an optical power source or an optical reservoir selected from a waveguide laser, a waveguide optical amplifier, etc. It includes an optical wiring for converting an electric signal into an optical signal and transmitting the optical signal. The transmitter includes an optical wiring that converts an electric signal into an optical signal by modulating light of a waveguide laser emitted by pumping light with an electro-optical optical switch or an optical modulator, and transmits the optical signal. Alternatively, the transmitter converts the electric signal into an optical signal by modulating the light of the LD or the light introduced through the fiber or the flexible waveguide or the space with the electro-optical optical switch or the optical modulator, and transmits the optical signal. Including optical wiring.

The receiver includes a light receiving element or a light receiving element formed on an LSI or a substrate, and is coupled to the waveguide by a method selected from optical solder, grating, hologram and Z-axis waveguide. . The tunable transmitter can be a tunable LD or a tunable waveguide laser. All or part of the electro-optical optical switch or optical modulator, or tunable filter is selected from electro-optical polymers and second or third order organic nonlinear optical materials. The wavelength tunable transmitter is
Includes materials selected from electro-optic polymers and second or third order organic nonlinear optical materials. Alternatively, all or part of the electro-optical optical switch or the optical modulator, or the tunable filter is made of a material selected from semiconductor materials and glass. The wavelength tunable transmitter includes a material selected from semiconductor materials and glass.

The electro-optical optical switch and the optical modulator can employ a method in which a step of refractive index is generated in the optical waveguide and / or in the vicinity thereof by applying a voltage, and light reflection caused thereby is used to operate. The electro-optic optical switch and the optical modulator can also be operated by opening a window of a refractive index in the clad by applying a voltage and utilizing the light leakage thereby. The light receiving element is formed above or below the waveguide or across the inside of the waveguide, and is selected from a-Si, poly Si, a photodiode made of polymer, a phototransistor, and an MSM detector. The light receiving element may be formed on a substrate made of a semiconductor crystal.

Polymer or glass is preferably used for the optical power source. LD is generally used as a light source. It is also possible to use an organic light emitting device made of a low molecular crystal and / or a polymer. The light emitting element may be formed so as to cross the upper side of the waveguide, the lower side of the waveguide, and / or the inside of the waveguide. The light emitting element may be formed on the upper side and / or the lower side of the waveguide with a space therebetween. Alternatively, the light emitting element is formed on a substrate made of a semiconductor crystal.

The polymer can be formed by a vapor phase growth method. The processor unit, the optical line, the optical transmitter and the receiver may be installed on the optical circuit board, or the processor unit, the optical transmitter and the receiver may be installed outside the optical circuit board. The processor unit, the optical transmitter and the receiver, and the optical circuit board may be connected by an optical fiber or an optical waveguide. Signals are exchanged between the processor unit, the optical transmitter and the receiver, and the optical circuit board by direct light or through a photoelectric conversion element on the way.

The signal light and the control light may have different wavelengths. The present invention also provides a self-routing optical switch characterized by superposing switch control light and signal light and switching the signal light by the control light. The switching of the signal light can be performed by changing the refractive index of the nonlinear optical waveguide with the control light. Alternatively, all or part of the control light may be detected by a photoelectric conversion element, and the electric signal generated thereby may change the refractive index of the nonlinear optical waveguide.

The optical switches may be installed in multiple stages. The present invention further provides an optical memory characterized in that when a signal collision occurs, the signal is switched to the memory loop side and returned to the main line again. The memory loop may be an optical waveguide or an optical fiber. Further, an optical amplifier may be inserted in a part or all of the memory loop.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 to 3 are schematic diagrams showing an example of an image of introducing an optical network into a parallel processor. This is an example in which processor units (PE) are connected by an optical network, and the optical line is formed in a loop shape. FIG.
In, for example, a multiplexer circuit, an amplifier circuit, an LD driver, etc. are incorporated in the interface part, and an LD, a PD, a filter,
An optical switch, a tunable filter, and the like are incorporated, an optical power source includes a waveguide amplifier and a waveguide laser, and the waveguide may be compatible with optical SMT. If the wiring of each bit is to be performed by one optical loop, in the case of 8 bits, the wiring will be performed by eight optical loops (FIG. 2). The number of optical loops can be reduced by multiplexing the signals by time division, space division or wavelength division multiplexing (FIG. 3). Further, it is not always necessary to associate the optical loop with each bit. Multiple signals may be handled by one or more loops.

4 to 11 show 16 PEs in the Banyan network.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example in which an optical network for is formed. In these examples, 16 optical loops are formed. In the example of FIG. 4, an LD transmitter and a PD receiver are formed corresponding to each PE. The signal of each PE is transmitted as an optical signal from the corresponding transmitter. The signal is switched to a desired loop by a Banyan network composed of optical switches, converted into an electric signal by a receiver corresponding to the desired PE, and transmitted.

Instead of the LD, a waveguide laser which emits light by pumping light may be used and a transmitter which is modulated by an electro-optical optical switch or an optical modulator may be used. Alternatively, it may be a transmitter that modulates the light of the LD or the light introduced through the fiber, the flexible waveguide, or the space with the electro-optical optical switch or the optical modulator. This also applies to various embodiments described below.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, as a transmitter,
An optical switch or modulator is used instead of the LD, and light from an optical power source is picked up and an optical signal is transmitted.
This can reduce the number of LDs required. The pump light of the optical power source can be introduced by the LD mounted on the substrate or from the outside by a fiber, a flexible waveguide, a space, or the like. In particular, the method of introducing from the outside is effective from the viewpoint of cooling and maintenance. The optical power source may be linear or loop-shaped, and may have any shape. Optical power supply system (Japanese Patent Application No. 6)
-590023), an optical pickup from a waveguide acting as an optical reservoir, a normal modulation method (see JP-A-63-229427), or the like may be used for transmission. The same can be said with respect to various examples described below.

There are various types of optical networks. For example, a processor unit, an optical line, an optical transmitter and a receiver are installed on an optical circuit board. In this case, the optical path is mainly composed of a waveguide. Optical transmitters and receivers are often formed monolithically or hybridly on a substrate. Alternatively, the processor unit, the optical transmitter and the receiver are installed outside the optical circuit board. This example is shown in Figure 1.
2-17. In this case, the processor unit, the optical transmitter and the receiver, and the optical circuit board are connected by an optical fiber or an optical waveguide. Figures 12, 13 and 1
6 is an example in which signals are directly exchanged between a processor unit, an optical transmitter and a receiver, and an optical circuit board. 14, 15 and 17 show processor units,
This is an example in which signals are exchanged between the optical transmitter and the receiver and the optical circuit board via a photoelectric conversion element.

18 to 20 show examples in which the signal light and the control light have different wavelengths. In FIG. 18, the data and control signals are
It is sent on separate tracks. The control signal is received by the light receiving element on the circuit board, and the data is switched based on the received signal. In this case, the signal light and the control light may have the same wavelength. In FIG. 19, the data and the control signal are sent through the same line and are separated by the filter on the circuit board. The control signal is received by the light receiving element in the form of a circuit board, and data switching is performed based on that. Conversely, the output from the optical circuit board is
It is E / O converted and sent per processor, or sent as light. In FIG. 20, data and control signals are sent on the same line, and signals are switched by an all-optical element (for example, an element as described later, see FIGS. 21 to 23) on the circuit board.

21 to 25 are examples of All-Optical switches. The control light (λ1) and the signal light (λa) are used. The control light and the signal light are superimposed, and the signal light is switched by the control light. In FIG. 23, a third-order nonlinear optical material whose refractive index changes according to the light intensity is inserted near the switching portion, and a refractive index step is generated by the control light to reflect the light. In FIG. 24, control light is introduced into one arm of the nonlinear optical waveguide to switch the light. In FIG. 25, the control light is demultiplexed, photoelectrically converted by a PD or the like, and the voltage is used to change the refractive index of the electro-optical material to perform switching. Non-linear optical or electro-optical materials include polymers, compound semiconductors, compound semiconductor multiple quantum wells (MQW), L
A dielectric such as N can be used. In the examples of FIGS. 23 and 24, it is desirable from the viewpoint of noise reduction that the non-linear optical material reacts significantly with the control light rather than the signal light, or that the control light has a higher intensity than the signal light. By bringing the control light wavelength close to the absorption wavelength of the material, it is possible to increase the refractive index change by the control light due to the resonance effect. further,
By connecting these switches in multiple stages, self-routing such as a Banyan network becomes possible. Insertion of an optical amplifier is effective when loss of control light or signal light becomes a problem.

When there is a signal collision, an optical memory (FIG. 26) that switches the signal to the memory loop side and returns it to the main line can be used. An optical waveguide or an optical fiber can be used for the memory loop, and depending on the case, the memory loop may be an optical amplifier, or an optical amplifier may be inserted in a part thereof. These are the various examples described below.
It can also be used as an All-Optical self-routing optical switch to replace the electro-optical switch.

The optical switch of the Banyan network is incorporated in the PE, is incorporated in the substrate near the PE, or P
It is driven by an LSI provided near E. The drive LSI determines the signal switch route based on the signal from each PE, and turns ON / OFF each optical switch.
The signal from each PE may be sent electrically, or may be sent optically via an optical line other than the 16 optical loops.
The transmitter and receiver are driven in the same way as L
Perform with SI. It is also possible to combine a MUX / DEMUX circuit, an amplifier circuit, and the like. Also, the optical switch drive is the same L
You may go by SI. It is possible to reduce the LSI by using the All-Optical self-routing optical switch.

The examples of FIGS. 6 and 7 are substantially similar to FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively, except for the PE orientation. FIGS. 8 and 9 and FIGS. 10 and 11 are almost the same as FIGS. 4 and 5, except that the size of the Banyan network is reduced so that the LSI can be driven by one LSI. The number of data collisions can be reduced by replacing the Banyan network with a modified Batcher-Banyan network.

27 to 30 show an example in which an optical network is formed by a crossbar instead of the Banyan network. FIG. 27
In and 28, the size of the matrix switch is large, and the cross point to be driven extends over several LSIs. In FIGS. 29 and 30, the size is reduced so that one LSI can drive. 31 to 40
Is an example of a loop network for 16 PEs. In the example of FIG. 31, each PE is assigned one optical loop for transmitting a signal. Therefore, total 1
Six optical loops are required. The transmitter (LD) of each PE is coupled to the corresponding optical loop. An optical switch is installed in the optical loop, and the P of each PE is connected from the optical loop.
The signal is taken into D. For example, the optical signal from PE1 goes around the outermost circumference. If PE2 wants this, S
1 is activated and the optical signal is taken into the LD of PE2. Although the same applies to the subsequent steps, signals may be transmitted and received from one PE in parallel. In this case, more loops may be installed.

In the example of FIG. 32, an optical switch or a modulator is used as a transmitter, and light from an optical power source is picked up and an optical signal is transmitted. This makes the LD
The number of can be reduced. The pump light of the optical power source can be introduced by an LD mounted on the substrate or externally by a fiber, a flexible waveguide, a space, or the like. In particular, the method of introducing from the outside is effective from the viewpoint of cooling and maintenance. Also in this case, not only the optical power supply method described above, but also an optical pickup from a waveguide acting as an optical reservoir, a normal modulation method, or the like may be used.
Here, the optical power source is drawn as a loop, but the present invention is not limited to this, and may be any form such as a linear form or a pomegranate form (this also applies to the following examples. ).

The optical switch is incorporated in PE or P
It is mounted on a substrate near E or driven by an LSI provided near PE. The drive LSI judges the signal switch route from the signal from each PE,
Turns each optical switch on and off. The signal from each PE may be sent electrically, or may be sent optically via an optical line other than the 16 optical loops. The transmitter and the receiver are also driven by the similarly provided LSI. It is also possible to combine a MUX / DEMUX circuit, an amplifier circuit, and the like. Further, the optical switch may be driven by the same LSI.

In the example of FIG. 33, each PE is assigned one optical loop for receiving a signal. Therefore, a total of 16 optical loops are required. The receiver (PD) of each PE is coupled to the corresponding optical loop. An optical switch is installed in the optical loop and sends a signal from the LD of each PE to a desired optical loop. For example, if you want to send from PE1 to PE16, activate S16 of PE1,
The signal is sent to the innermost waveguide and transmitted to the PD of the PE 16.

In the example of FIG. 34, an optical switch or a modulator is used as a transmitter, and light from an optical power source is picked up and an optical signal is transmitted. This makes the LD
The number of can be reduced. The pump light of the optical power source can be introduced by an LD mounted on the substrate or externally by a fiber, a flexible waveguide, a space, or the like. In particular, the method of introducing from the outside is effective from the viewpoint of cooling and maintenance. Also in this case, not only the optical power supply method described above, but also an optical pickup from a waveguide acting as an optical reservoir, a normal modulation method, or the like may be used.

The optical switch is incorporated in PE or P
It is mounted on a substrate near E or driven by an LSI provided near PE. The drive LSI judges the signal switch route from the signal from each PE,
Turns each optical switch on and off. The signal from each PE may be sent electrically, or may be sent optically via an optical line other than the 16 optical loops. The transmitter and the receiver are also driven by the similarly provided LSI. It is also possible to combine a MUX / DEMUX circuit, an amplifier circuit, and the like. Further, the optical switch may be driven by the same LSI.

Wavelength multiplexing is possible by preparing a plurality of transmitter wavelengths. FIGS. 39 and 40 show examples in which wavelength division multiplexing of the systems of FIGS. 33 and 34 is performed.
Optical signals from an LD array or an optical switch having a plurality of optical power supplies are multiplexed, wavelength-multiplexed, and sent to a desired optical loop. On the receiver side, the light is demultiplexed by a filter or the like and transmitted to PDs arranged in an array corresponding to each wavelength.

In the example of FIG. 35, a specific wavelength is assigned to each PE. Therefore, a total of 16 waves are required.
Basically, only one optical loop is required. The transmitter (LD) of each PE is set to be capable of transmitting 16 wavelengths, and is transmitted at a desired destination wavelength, and is sent to the waveguide loop. A filter is provided on the optical loop to selectively capture a signal of a wavelength corresponding to its own PE,
Guide to the receiver. For example, when it is desired to transmit from PE1 to PE2, the transmitter of PE1 transmits with light of ω2. This is selectively taken in by the filter f2, and PE
2 is transmitted to the receiver. By sending signals of a plurality of wavelengths at the same time, arbitrary signals can be sent to a plurality of PEs at the same time, which increases the degree of freedom in data transfer.

In the example of FIG. 36, an optical switch or a modulator is used as a transmitter, and light from an optical power source is picked up and an optical signal is transmitted. This makes the LD
The number of can be reduced. The pump light of the optical power source can be introduced by an LD mounted on the substrate or externally by a fiber, a flexible waveguide, a space, or the like. In particular, the method of introducing from the outside is effective from the viewpoint of cooling and maintenance. Also in this case, not only the optical power supply method but also an optical pickup from a waveguide acting as an optical reservoir or a normal modulation method may be used.

The transmitter and the receiver are incorporated into the PE, incorporated into a substrate near the PE, or driven by an LSI provided near the PE. It is also possible to combine a MUX / DEMUX circuit, an amplifier circuit, and the like. In the example of FIG. 41, a specific wavelength is assigned to each PE. Basically, only one optical loop is required.
An optical signal of the assigned wavelength is transmitted from the transmitter (LD) of each PE and sent to the optical loop. Each P in the optical loop
Corresponding to E, a tunable filter is installed and electrically tuned to capture the wavelength of the desired transmission source. For example, when the signal from PE1 is to be received by PE2, ω1 transmitted from the transmitter of PE1
Tune to the wavelength of the light of and capture it in the receiver.

In the example shown in FIG. 42, an optical switch or modulator is used as a transmitter, and light from an optical power source is picked up and an optical signal is transmitted. This makes the LD
The number of can be reduced. The pump light of the optical power source can be introduced by an LD mounted on the substrate or externally by a fiber, a flexible waveguide, a space, or the like. In particular, the method of introducing from the outside is effective from the viewpoint of cooling and maintenance. Here again, not only the optical power supply system, but also an optical pickup from a waveguide that acts as an optical reservoir,
You may transmit by a normal modulation system etc.

The transmitter and the receiver are incorporated in the PE, incorporated in a substrate near the PE, or driven by an LSI provided near the PE. It is also possible to combine a MUX / DEMUX circuit, an amplifier circuit, and the like. In these examples, instead of a tunable filter, a filter array or duplexer is used,
It may be guided to a light receiving element array provided corresponding to each signal wavelength (FIGS. 43 and 44). In this case, it is desirable that each demultiplexer and filter array should take in a part of light.

FIGS. 37 and 38 show tunable LDs instead of the multiple light sources in FIGS. 35 and 36, respectively.
This is an example in which the number of light sources is reduced by using a tunable filter. 45 and 46 are examples of optical networks using tunable LDs and tunable filters. A tunable waveguide laser may be used instead of the tunable LD. Each PE usually tunes to its assigned wavelength. When the header comes, it recognizes the source and tunes to that wavelength. Then, when the reception is completed, the wavelength is returned to its own wavelength. While receiving data, other data is automatically rejected. Therefore, when the signal of its own returns from the loop, the transmitting side may recognize it and retransmit it. Alternatively, it can be evacuated to a memory such as an optical memory loop and sent again.

In order to further reduce crosstalk, a dedicated wavelength may be assigned to the header. In this case, the wavelength of the header is usually tuned. When a header signal comes in, it recognizes where it goes from, and if it is a signal to itself, it tunes to the wavelength of the emitted light and takes in the data. After the end, return to the header wavelength again. Alternatively, if the signal wavelength is sent at the destination wavelength, the data wavelength is tuned to its own wavelength.

All or part of the optical switch or modulator or tunable filter may be a conventional second- or third-order nonlinear optical material, such as an electro-optic polymer.
A clad and / or a waveguide made of a conjugated polymer, a non-linear optical glass, a semiconductor or the like can be used. The materials may be partially different. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, a part or almost all of the supplied light is reflected or migrates between the waveguides, and is picked up by the signal transmission waveguide and transmitted. As the optical switch used here, a conventional directional coupling switch or the like can be used, but an optical modulator that operates by utilizing the light reflection caused by a step in the refractive index in the optical waveguide or in the vicinity thereof when a voltage is applied. An optical switch, or an optical modulator that operates by utilizing a light leakage caused by opening a window of a refractive index in the clad by applying a voltage, and an optical switch is desirable. Since the pickup amount is modulated by the voltage, the output voltage becomes an optical signal.

It is not necessary that the entire waveguide is made of a non-linear optical material, and only the switch portion may have a non-linear optical property. In that case, as the passive waveguide, for example, fluorinated polyimide, glass or the like can be used. Here, the output electrode and the input electrode are not always necessary, and the voltage of the transistor may be applied to the waveguide as it is, or the receiving side transistor may be driven by the electric charge itself generated in the light receiving element.

As the optical power source, for example, a waveguide laser-amplifier made of rare earth ion-doped glass or polymer or ceramics can be used. The optical power source and the signal waveguide do not necessarily have to be laminated and may be on the same plane. Further, the signal may be passed through not only the optical waveguide but also a space, a medium space or a fiber. In some cases, it is possible to pick up from a waveguide that passes through the DC laser light, but the drawback that the light quantity decreases as it goes downstream is inevitable. Therefore, the method using the optical power source is significantly superior. A tunable transmitter can also be formed by combining a nonlinear optical element and a waveguide laser. That is, it is an element in which a second-order or third-order nonlinear optical material and rare earth ion-doped glass are combined.

The light receiving element can be formed so as to cross the inside of the waveguide. A photodiode made of a-Si, poly Si, a conjugated polymer, a phototransistor, an MSM detector, etc. are suitable. As the form of the light receiving element,
In addition to the above-mentioned form, it can be formed above or below the waveguide to absorb light from the waveguide. Further, a PD can be formed in the LSI or on the optical circuit board to receive light. In this case, a detector made of a compound of Si or a group III element and a group V element can be used. The coupling with the waveguide may be carried out by a method of directly introducing from the waveguide by utilizing a hologram, a diffraction grating, reflection by an inclined surface, or the like. It is also possible to introduce light using a hologram optical element (HOE), optical solder, or the like.

As the light emitting element, in addition to LD, EL, L
ED etc. can be used. In particular, polymers, organic ELs and LEDs using low-molecular crystals are suitable for being built into a circuit board. The light emitting element may be formed across the waveguide or may be formed above or below the waveguide to introduce light into the waveguide. Further, when a compound semiconductor is used for the substrate, a light emitting element can be built in.

The LD or PD may be mounted on the substrate in advance by solder bumps or the like. Further, a sub-board on which an LD or PD is formed or mounted can be provided. Also,
You may mix these. Light from the LD mounted on the optical circuit board can be used to excite the optical power supply. Alternatively, a method of introducing from the outside with a fiber through a connector, a method of introducing from the waveguide of the circuit board on which the optical circuit board is mounted via an optical tab, or a hologram, a diffraction grating, or a reflection on a sloped surface from the waveguide of the circuit board It is also possible to use a method of introducing directly using Further, it is possible to introduce light from the front surface side of the optical circuit board by using HOE or optical solder. The introduction of light from the outside is effective in reducing the heat generation of the LSI because the heat source is attached externally, and it is easy to replace the LSI, which is an excellent method.

When a polymer material is used, a vapor deposition polymerization method or a CVD (Chemical Vapor Depo) method is used.
position) method, MLD (Molecular La)
The vapor phase film formation such as the yerDeposition) method is also effective as well as the wet method such as the spin coating. For example, the method described in Japanese Patent Application No. 6-82642 can be used.

[0047]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to enhance the connection capability between various optical / electronic elements and optical / electronic devices including a parallel processor, and at the same time, reduce the size and cost. Further, although the connection between PEs has been described in the above embodiment, the present invention is applicable to any level or type of LSI, microprocessor, processor element (PE), MCM, workstation, personal computer, etc.
It is applicable to various opto / electronic devices and connections between opto / electronic devices. Further, it can be applied to other communication information processing systems such as an optical switch.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an image of introducing an optical network into a parallel processor.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an image of introducing an optical network into a parallel processor.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an image of introducing an optical network into a parallel processor.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a Banyan network type optical network.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a Banyan network type optical network.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a Banyan network type optical network.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a Banyan network type optical network.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a Banyan network type optical network.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a Banyan network type optical network.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a Banyan network type optical network.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a Banyan network type optical network.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an optical MCM for a data exchange network.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an optical MCM for a data exchange network.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an optical MCM for a data exchange network.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an optical MCM for a data exchange network.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an optical MCM for a data exchange network.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an optical MCM for a data exchange network.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an optical MCM for a data exchange network.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an optical MCM for a data exchange network.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an optical MCM for a data exchange network.

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an All-Optical switch.

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an All-Optical switch.

FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an All-Optical switch.

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an All-Optical switch.

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an All-Optical switch.

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a memory loop.

FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a crossbar type optical network.

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a crossbar type optical network.

FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a crossbar type optical network.

FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a crossbar type optical network.

FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 43 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a loop type optical network.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Reference number within the agency FI Technical indication location H04L 12/42 H04L 11/00 330 (72) Inventor Go Ishizuka 1015 Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Address within Fujitsu Limited (72) Inventor Koji Tsukamoto 1015 Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Inside Fujitsu Limited (72) Inventor Shigenori Aoki 1015, Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Within Fujitsu Limited (72) Inventor Yasuhiro Yoneda 1015 Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Fujitsu Limited (72) Inventor, Satoshi Tatsuura, 1015, Kamikodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Fujitsu Limited

Claims (62)

[Claims] 1. An optical network comprising an optical wiring for exchanging signals among processor units selected from an electronic device, an electronic device, an electronic optical device and an electronic optical device, wherein an optical line forms a loop. One or more optical transmitters for transmitting optical signals and one or more receivers for converting optical signals into electric signals are provided in all or some of the processor units passing through all or a part of the processor units, and an optical line loop and Optical network characterized by being combined. 2. An optical circuit board provided with optical wiring for exchanging signals between processor units selected from an electronic device, an electronic device, an electronic optical device and an electronic optical device, wherein an optical line forms a loop. All or some of the processor units, and all or some of the processor units are equipped with one or more optical transmitters for transmitting optical signals and one or more receivers for converting the optical signals into electric signals. An optical circuit board characterized by being combined with. 3. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of optical line loops are used. 4. The electronic device and the electronic device are LSI, microprocessor, processor element (PE), MC.
The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is selected from M, workstation, personal computer, large-sized computer and peripheral terminal device. 5. The electronic device and the electronic device are LDs and LEs.
D, PD, phototransistor, non-linear optical device,
The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is a composite of an optical device selected from a waveguide, a hologram, a grating, an optical amplifier and a waveguide laser and an electronic element or an electronic device. . 6. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 1, wherein a transmitter and / or a receiver is provided at an end of an optical line loop corresponding to each processor unit. 7. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 1, comprising an optical switch for switching an optical signal between loops. 8. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 7, wherein the optical switch is a Banyan network type. 9. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 7, wherein the optical switch is a crossbar type. 10. The optical network according to claim 7, wherein the optical switch is driven by an LSI including an interface circuit incorporated or added in each processor unit or a drive LSI mounted on or incorporated in a substrate. Optical circuit board. 11. An optical line loop corresponding to each processor unit is provided, a transmitter for each processor unit is coupled to this, and an optical switch provided for each processor unit in each optical line loop allows the optical line loop to be separated from other processor units. The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the optical signal is selected, the optical signal from a desired processor unit is guided to a receiver of each processor unit, and is received. 12. An optical line loop corresponding to each processor unit is provided, a receiver of each processor unit is coupled to this, and an optical signal from the transmitter is introduced into an optical line loop corresponding to a destination processor unit by an optical switch. The optical signal is transmitted to a desired processor unit.
An optical network or an optical circuit board according to any one of 1. 13. A filter array or a demultiplexer for demultiplexing and selectively taking in light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guiding it to a receiver array of each processor unit corresponding to each wavelength in an optical line loop. An optical signal of a desired processor unit is received by providing a transmitter that outputs an optical signal of an assigned wavelength for each processor unit and selectively guiding an optical signal of a wavelength corresponding to a desired transmission source processor unit to a receiver. The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of claims 1 to 12. 14. A transmitter array for selectively taking in light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and providing a filter or demultiplexer for guiding to the receiver of each processor unit in an optical line loop to output an optical signal of the assigned wavelength. The optical signal is transmitted to each desired processor unit by selectively providing an optical signal having a wavelength corresponding to a desired destination processor unit to the optical line loop. An optical network or an optical circuit board according to any one of the above. 15. A tunable filter or demultiplexer for selectively taking in light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guiding it to a receiver of each processor unit is provided in an optical line loop to output an optical signal of the assigned wavelength. 13. The optical signal of a desired processor unit is received by providing a transmitter for each processor unit and selectively guiding an optical signal of a wavelength corresponding to a desired transmission source processor unit to a receiver. The optical network or optical circuit board according to. 16. A wavelength tunable device for providing an optical signal of an assigned wavelength by providing a filter or a demultiplexer for selectively taking in light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guiding it to a receiver of each processor unit. 13. An optical signal is transmitted to a desired processor unit by providing a transmitter for each processor unit and selectively introducing an optical signal having a wavelength corresponding to a desired destination processor unit into an optical line loop. An optical network or an optical circuit board according to any one of 1. 17. A tunable filter or a demultiplexer for selectively taking in light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guiding it to a receiver of each processor unit is provided in an optical line loop to output an optical signal of the assigned wavelength. 13. A variable wavelength transmitter is provided for each processor unit, and an optical signal having a wavelength corresponding to a desired destination processor unit is introduced into an optical line loop to transmit an optical signal to a desired processor unit. An optical network or an optical circuit board according to any one of the above. 18. A tunable filter or demultiplexer for selectively taking in light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guiding it to a receiver of each processor unit is provided in an optical line loop, and an optical signal of at least the assigned wavelength is provided. The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a variable wavelength transmitter for outputting is provided for each processor unit, and a header and data of a transmission signal are transmitted at different wavelengths. 19. An optical line loop is provided with a tunable filter or a demultiplexer that selectively takes in light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guides it to a receiver of each processor unit, and outputs an optical signal of the assigned wavelength. The optical network according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a wavelength tunable transmitter is provided for each processor unit, a header of a transmission signal is transmitted at a destination assigned wavelength, and data is transmitted at a source assigned wavelength. Optical circuit board. 20. The filter for each processor is usually tuned to its own assigned frequency, recognizing a source when a header comes, and tuned to a corresponding wavelength, and tuned to its own wavelength when reception ends. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 19, which is 21. An optical line loop is provided with a tunable filter or a demultiplexer that selectively takes in light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guides it to a receiver of each processor unit. 13. A wavelength tunable transmitter that outputs an optical signal according to claim 1 is provided for each processor unit, a header of a transmission signal is transmitted at a wavelength different from each assigned wavelength, and data is transmitted at an assigned wavelength of a transmission source. The optical network or optical circuit board according to. 22. The filter for each processor is usually tuned to capture at least a part of the allocated wavelength for the header, recognizes the source and the destination from the captured header, and if the destination is itself, 22. Tuning to a wavelength corresponding to a transmission source, and tuning to a header assigned wavelength when reception is completed.
The optical network or the optical circuit board described. 23. An optical line loop is provided with a tunable filter or a demultiplexer for selectively taking in light of a specific wavelength assigned to each processor unit and guiding it to a receiver of each processor unit, and assigning wavelengths and assigned wavelengths for headers. The wavelength tunable transmitter that outputs the optical signal is provided in each processor unit, the header of the transmission signal is transmitted at a wavelength different from each assigned wavelength, and the data is transmitted at its own assigned wavelength that is the destination. 13. The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of 12. 24. The filter for each processor is usually tuned so as to capture at least a part of the allocated wavelength for the header, and the source and the destination are recognized by the captured header, and when the destination is itself. 24 is tuned to the corresponding wavelength, and is tuned to the assigned wavelength for the header after reception.
The optical network or the optical circuit board described. 25. An optical line loop corresponding to each processor unit is provided, a transmitter array for outputting an optical signal of a wavelength for multiplexing is coupled to the optical line loop, and an optical switch provided for each processor unit is provided in each optical line loop for other operation. Select the optical signal from each processor unit, demultiplex the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal consisting of multiple wavelengths through the filter or demultiplexer, and combine it with the receiver array of each processor unit corresponding to each wavelength, and 13. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 1, wherein the WDM optical signal from each processor unit is guided to a receiver array of each unit and is received. 26. An optical line loop corresponding to each processor unit is provided, and a wavelength-multiplexed optical signal having a plurality of wavelengths is demultiplexed through a filter or a demultiplexer, and each processor corresponding to each wavelength is provided. The receiver array of the unit is combined, while the transmitter array that outputs the optical signal of the wavelength for multiplexing is provided in each processor unit, and the optical signal from the transmitter array is merged with the optical line loop corresponding to the destination processor unit by the optical switch, A wavelength-multiplexed optical signal is transmitted to a desired processor unit.
2. The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of 2. 27. The driving of the transmitter, the receiver and / or the tunable filter is performed by an LSI including an interface circuit incorporated in or added to each processor unit or a driving LSI mounted on or incorporated in a substrate. Item 27. An optical network or an optical circuit board according to any one of items 1 to 26. 28. The signal multiplexing according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the signal multiplexing is performed by an LSI including an interface circuit incorporated or added in each processor unit or a driving LSI mounted on or incorporated in a substrate. The optical network or the optical circuit board described. 29. The transmitter comprises an LD, optical solder, grating, hologram, Z-axis waveguide, SE.
27. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 1, wherein the coupling with the waveguide is performed by a method selected from LPIT and SOLNET. 30. Any of claims 1-26, wherein the transmitter comprises an electro-optical optical switch or optical modulator driven by voltage, including optical wiring for converting an electrical signal into an optical signal and transmitting the optical signal. An optical network or an optical circuit board as described in 1. 31. At least a part of the light of the optical waveguide as an optical power source or an optical reservoir, wherein the transmitter includes a voltage-driven electro-optical optical switch or optical modulator, and is selected from a waveguide laser, a waveguide optical amplifier and the like. The optical network or the optical circuit board according to any one of claims 1 to 26, further comprising an optical wiring that converts an electric signal into an optical signal by picking up the optical signal and transmits the optical signal. 32. A transmitter converts an electric signal into an optical signal by modulating light of a waveguide laser emitted by pumping light with an electro-optical optical switch or an optical modulator, and an optical wiring for transmitting the optical signal is provided. Claims 1 to
27. The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of 26. 33. The transmitter converts an electric signal into an optical signal by modulating the light of the LD or the light introduced through the fiber or the flexible waveguide or the space with an electro-optical optical switch or an optical modulator, and the optical signal. The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of claims 1 to 26, which comprises an optical wiring for transmitting a signal. 34. The receiver includes a light receiving element formed on an LSI or a substrate or an independent light receiving element, and an optical solder,
Grating, hologram, SELPIT, SOLN
The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the coupling with the waveguide is performed by a method selected from ET and Z-axis waveguides. 35. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 16, wherein the wavelength tunable transmitter is a tunable LD or a tunable waveguide laser. 36. An electro-optic optical switch or optical modulator,
34. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 15, wherein all or part of the tunable filter is selected from electro-optic polymers and second-order or third-order organic nonlinear optical materials. 37. The optical network or optical circuit board of claim 35, wherein the tunable transmitter comprises a material selected from electro-optic polymers and second or third order organic nonlinear optical materials. 38. An electro-optical light switch or light modulator,
Alternatively, all or part of the tunable filter is made of a material selected from semiconductor materials and glass.
The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of 5 to 24 or 30 to 33. 39. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 35, wherein the wavelength tunable transmitter comprises a material selected from semiconductor materials and glass. 40. An electro-optic optical switch and an optical modulator operate by utilizing a light reflection resulting from a step in the refractive index in the optical waveguide and / or in the vicinity thereof when a voltage is applied,
The optical network or optical circuit board according to any one of claims 30 to 33. 41. The electro-optical switch and the optical modulator according to claim 30, wherein a voltage window is applied to open a refractive index window in the clad, and light is leaked thereby to operate. Optical network or optical circuit board. 42. The light-receiving element is formed above or below the waveguide or across the inside of the waveguide, and is selected from a-Si, poly-Si, a photodiode made of polymer, a phototransistor and an MSM detector. Item 34. An optical network or an optical circuit board according to Item 34. 43. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 34, wherein the light receiving element is formed on a substrate made of a semiconductor crystal. 44. The optical power source is polymer or glass,
The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 31. 45. The optical network or the optical circuit board according to claim 29, wherein the light source is an organic light emitting device made of a low molecular crystal and / or a polymer. 46. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 45, wherein the light emitting element is formed so as to traverse the upper side of the waveguide, the lower side of the waveguide, and / or the inside of the waveguide. 47. The light emitting device is formed on the upper side and / or the lower side of the waveguide with a space therebetween.
5. The optical network or optical circuit board according to item 5. 48. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 29, wherein the light emitting element is formed on a substrate made of a semiconductor crystal. 49. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 36, wherein the polymer is formed by vapor phase epitaxy. 50. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 1, wherein the processor unit, the optical line, the optical transmitter and the receiver are installed on the optical circuit board. 51. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 1, wherein the processor unit, the optical transmitter and the receiver are installed outside the optical circuit board. 52. The optical network or the optical circuit board according to claim 51, wherein the processor unit, the optical transmitter and the receiver and the optical circuit board are connected by an optical fiber or an optical waveguide. 53. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 52, wherein signals are exchanged between the processor unit, the optical transmitter and the receiver, and the optical circuit board by direct light. 54. The optical network according to claim 52, wherein signals are exchanged between a processor unit, an optical transmitter and a receiver, and an optical circuit board via an intermediate photoelectric conversion element. 55. The optical network or optical circuit board according to claim 1, wherein the signal light and the control light have different wavelengths. 56. The switch control light and the signal light are superimposed,
A self-routing optical switch characterized by switching signal light with control light. 57. The self-routing optical switch according to claim 56, wherein the control light changes the refractive index of the nonlinear optical waveguide to switch the signal light. 58. The self-routing optical switch according to claim 56, wherein all or a part of the control light is detected by a photoelectric conversion element, and the electric signal generated thereby changes the refractive index of the nonlinear optical waveguide to switch the signal light. . 59. The optical switch is installed in multiple stages,
59. A self-routing optical switch according to any of claims 56-58. 60. An optical memory, characterized in that, when there is a signal collision, the signal is switched to the memory loop side and returned to the main line again. 61. The optical memory according to claim 60, wherein the memory loop is an optical waveguide or an optical fiber. 62. The optical memory according to claim 60, wherein an optical amplifier is inserted in a part or all of the memory loop.