JPH08492Y2 - Lubricator for turbocharger - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a lubricating device for a turbocharger applied to an engine or the like of an automobile.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 4, a turbocharger rotatably supports a shaft 10 in a housing 7 through bearings 3 made of floating metal, and introduces engine exhaust gas into one end of the shaft. The blade 8 of the turbine 1 that is given a rotational motion is fixed, and the other end is fixed with the impeller 9 of the compressor 2 that is rotated by the rotation of the turbine 1 to supply intake air to the engine. Regarding the lubrication system of such a turbocharger, for example, the lubricating oil supplied to the oil supply portion formed in the housing 7 such as an oil pump, that is, the lubricating oil supply port 4 is supplied to the bearing 3 through the lubricating oil passage 11. The bearings 3 are lubricated by the lubricating oil, and the lubricating oil supplied to the bearings 3 is sealed by the labyrinth seal portion 5 on the turbine 1 side and the seal portion 6 on the compressor 2 side.

Further, as a lubricating device for a turbocharger, there is, for example, one disclosed in JP-A-53-143822.
The turbocharger lubricating device is capable of supplying lubricating oil to the bearing portion of the turbocharger even after the engine is suddenly stopped, and the shaft and the bearing portion of the turbocharger driven by the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine are linked to the internal combustion engine. The main lubrication pump is used for lubrication lubrication, and an auxiliary lubrication device provided with an auxiliary lubrication pump driven by a small electric motor is provided separately from the main lubrication pump, and the small electric motor is provided with a turbocharger temperature condition, etc. The drive is controlled by.

[Problems to be solved by the device]

However, with respect to the seal structure and the lubrication system of a bearing that rotates at high speed such as a turbocharger, the above-mentioned structure is mainly adopted, but the labyrinth seal portion 5 on the turbine 1 side becomes high temperature when the engine is at high speed and high load, When the engine is stopped at the high temperature, the lubricating oil existing in the labyrinth seal portion 5 exceeds the heat resistant temperature limit, and the lubricating oil is carbonized or deteriorated. Further, if the lubricating oil that lubricates the bearings that support the shaft of the turbocharger is carbonized, the carbonized lubricating oil prevents the turbocharger from operating the next time.

Conventionally, in order to prevent the above phenomenon from occurring, a cooling water passage 12 is formed in the housing 7 close to the blades 8 of the turbine 1, and the cooling water is passed through the cooling water passage 12, whereby the labyrinth on the turbine 1 side is provided. Although the seal part 5 and the bearing 3 part are cooled, cooling water is not supplied when the engine is suddenly stopped after the engine is driven at high speed and high load, which is a sufficient measure to prevent carbonization of the lubricating oil. In addition, in order to circulate the cooling water after stopping the engine, the cooling water pump must be driven by an electric motor or the like, or the lubrication of the turbocharger disclosed in the above-mentioned JP-A-53-143822. Like the device, an auxiliary lubrication device provided with an auxiliary lubrication pump must be provided, and the small electric motor must be drive-controlled by the temperature condition of the turbocharger, etc., and the control itself becomes complicated. It becomes a cause of cost increase. In this way, it is necessary to provide an electric motor, a cooling water pump, an auxiliary lubrication pump, etc., drive them, or to drive them, the battery itself needs a large capacity, which causes a cost increase. . Alternatively, even after the vehicle is stopped by the driver, measures such as handling precautions such as idling operation to promote cooling without stopping the engine are taken. Alternatively, the present condition is to limit the output set value of the engine to set the allowable temperature of the turbocharger itself so that the engine temperature falls within the allowable temperature range.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems.When the turbocharger is operated in a high load state, the turbine receives the heat of exhaust gas by conduction and radiation, and the housing of the turbocharger, the bearing portion and the seal portion are Although the temperature becomes high, even if the engine is stopped in that state, the cooling water in the cooling water passage formed in the housing of the turbocharger receives heat from the wall surface of the housing, the bearing portion or the wall surface of the seal portion to become steam, The turbine pump is driven by the steam energy using steam, and the lubricating oil is supplied to the bearing and seal of the turbocharger even after the engine is stopped by driving the turbine pump, and the seal and bearing lubricate due to the high temperature. Prevents oil from carbonizing,
The phenomenon that sludge contained in the lubricating oil accumulates at the seal and the bearing is removed, and lubricating oil is supplied to the bearing when the turbine temperature is high, preventing seizure of the bearing,
Next, if the temperature of the cooling water passage of the turbocharger drops, the cooling water does not turn into steam and the drive of the turbine pump stops automatically, and the lubricating oil is no longer supplied to the bearings, but due to the temperature drop It is an object of the present invention to provide a lubricating device for a turbocharger, which is characterized in that it is not necessary to supply lubricating oil because the oil itself is not carbonized.

[Means for solving the problem]

This invention is configured as follows in order to achieve the above object. That is, the invention is a housing that rotatably supports a shaft having a turbine blade at one end and a compressor impeller fixed at the other end through a bearing, a cooling water passage formed in the housing in the vicinity of the turbine, And a turbine pump driven by steam generated in the cooling water passage to supply lubricating oil to the bearing.

Further, in this turbocharger lubricating device, the passage on the turbine pump side communicating with the cooling water passage is formed to have a small passage cross-sectional area by an orifice.

Furthermore, in this turbocharger lubricating device, the upstream outer peripheral discharge port on the oil discharge side of the turbine pump is connected to the drain passage and the downstream inner peripheral discharge port is connected to the passage for supplying lubricating oil to the bearing. .

[Action]

The turbocharger lubrication device according to the present invention is configured as described above, and operates as follows. That is,
This turbocharger lubrication device forms a cooling water passage in a housing in the vicinity of a blade of a turbine, and drives a turbine pump with steam generated in the cooling water passage to supply lubricating oil to a bearing of the turbocharger. Therefore, even if the turbocharger is operated under a high load and the engine is stopped when the turbocharger is hot, the cooling water in the cooling water passage is hot. Steam is actively generated by receiving heat, and the steam pump drives the turbine pump to supply lubricating oil to the bearing. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the lubricating oil from being carbonized in the seal portion and the bearing portion due to the high temperature, and to eliminate the phenomenon that the sludge contained in the lubricating oil is accumulated in the seal portion and the bearing portion. By supplying oil, it is possible to prevent seizure of the bearing.

Further, in this turbocharger lubricating device, since the passage on the turbine pump side communicating with the cooling water passage is formed to have a small passage cross-sectional area by the orifice,
The steam from the cooling water passage increases in flow velocity and is supplied to the turbine pump, thereby increasing the rotation speed of the turbine pump, increasing the lubricating oil supply capacity of the turbine pump, and providing sufficient lubricating oil to the bearing. Can be supplied.

Further, in this turbocharger lubrication device, the upstream outer peripheral discharge port on the oil discharge side of the turbine pump is connected to the drain passage, and the downstream inner peripheral discharge port is communicated to the passage for supplying lubricating oil to the bearings. The lubricating oil containing a large amount of sludge is discharged to the drain passage from the upstream outer peripheral discharge port due to the filter effect of centrifugal separation, and the lubricating oil having a small amount of sludge is supplied to the bearing from the downstream inner peripheral discharge port.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a lubricating device for a turbocharger according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. A turbocharger lubrication device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing an embodiment of a lubricating device for a turbocharger according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a cooling water system for a turbine pump in the turbocharger lubricating device, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a lubricating oil supply system for the turbine pump. Since the turbocharger shown in FIG. 1 is structurally the same as that shown in FIG. 4, the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals.

In FIG. 1, the turbocharger 20 is an engine 21.
It has a turbine 1 driven by the exhaust gas generated in 1 and a compressor 2 supercharged by driving the turbine 1. In the turbine 1, exhaust gas of the engine 21 is introduced through an exhaust pipe, and an exhaust blade, that is, a turbine blade 8 that is rotationally driven by the exhaust energy of the exhaust gas is arranged in a housing 7. The cooling water passage 12 is provided in the housing 7 close to the turbine 1 side.
Are formed. Also, regarding the compressor 2,
The impeller 9 is arranged in the housing 7.
The compressor scroll of the compressor 2 communicates with the intake manifold of the engine 21 through the intake pipe.
Further, the blade 8 of the turbine 1 and the impeller 9 of the compressor 2 are transmission-coupled by a shaft 10 so as to rotate integrally. The shaft 10 is rotatably supported by the housing 7 via a pair of bearings 3 made of floating metal. Shaft 10 of turbocharger 20
At one end of the shaft, the impeller 9 of the compressor 2 is attached to the shaft 10.
The blade 8 of the turbine 1 is fixed to the other end of the shaft 10 via the turbine shaft.

The blades 8 of the turbine 1 rotate in response to a flow of exhaust gas, that is, exhaust gas energy sent to the turbine scroll through the exhaust manifold of the engine 21, and the exhaust gas is exhausted in the axial direction, that is, the direction indicated by the arrow A. Further, as shown by an arrow B, the impeller 9 of the compressor 2 serves to convert the pressure of the air introduced from the intake port into the compressor scroll by the diffuser and send the pressure to the intake manifold of the engine 21 through the air passage, that is, the intake pipe. . The shaft 10 is supported on the housing 7 through bearings 3. Lubricating oil is supplied to these bearings 3 through a lubricating oil supply port 4 that communicates with a lubricating oil supply source such as an oil gallery to lubricate the bearings 3. are doing. A lubricating oil supply passage 14 communicates with the lubricating oil supply port 4, and the lubricating oil from the lubricating oil supply passage 14 is configured to be supplied to the bearing 3 by driving the turbine pump 15.

The turbocharger lubrication device according to the present invention is such that the turbine pump 15 is provided in the lubricating oil system of the turbocharger 20 described above, and the turbine pump 15 is driven using the cooling system of the engine 21 and the turbocharger 20. It is a feature. That is, as the cooling system for the engine 21 and the turbocharger 20, a conventional cooling system can be used. In this turbocharger lubricator,
The turbocharger 20 is used to drive the turbine pump 15.
Turbine pump in cooling water supply passage 18 for supplying cooling water to
15 are arranged. In the cooling system, a water pump 23 is provided in the engine 21, and the cooling water is sent to the engine 21 by driving the water pump 23.
After cooling 21 and heating, the cooling water is sent to the radiator through the passage 24, heat-exchanged in the radiator and cooled again, and the cooled cooling water is cooled by the cooling water recovery passage 27.
It is collected by the water pump 23 through the
To be circulated. A thermostat 25 is provided in the cooling water supply passage 29 on the downstream side of the engine 21. Further, a bypass passage 28 is provided between the cooling water supply passage 29 and the cooling water recovery passage 27 on the downstream side of the engine 21.
The bypass passage 28 is provided with a valve or the like that operates in conjunction with the opening / closing operation of the thermostat 25. That is, when the temperature of the cooling water is low, it is not necessary to send the cooling water to the radiator to cool it, so that the thermostat 25 operates and the passage
24 is closed, the valve of the bypass passage 28 is opened, and the cooling water circulates through the bypass passage 28, the water pump 23 and the engine 21, and cools the engine 21. Also, when the temperature of the cooling water is high, it is necessary to send the cooling water to the radiator for cooling, so the thermostat 25 operates and the passage
24 is opened, the valve of the bypass passage 28 is closed, the cooling water is sent to the radiator to be cooled, and the water pump
The engine 21 is cooled by circulating 23 and the engine 21.

In this turbocharger lubricating device, a cooling water passage 12 is formed in the housing 7 adjacent to the blade 8 of the turbine 1. Further, in order to supply the cooling water to the turbocharger 20, the cooling water supply passage 18 on the downstream side of the engine 21 is branched into the cooling water supply passage 18, and the turbine pump 15 is arranged in the cooling water supply passage 18. ing. The cooling water sent from the cooling water supply passage 18 to the turbine pump 15 drives the turbine pump 15, and the cooling water sent out from the turbine pump 15 passes through the cooling water supply passage 13 and the housing of the turbocharger 20. It is sent to the cooling water passage 12 from the cooling water supply port formed in 7. Cooling water passage
The cooling water discharge port at 12 communicates with the suction port of the water pump 23 through the cooling water recovery passage 22. In the cooling water recovery passage 22, for example, a check valve, a pump, etc. are arranged so as to prevent the backflow of the cooling water from the bypass passage 28 and the like. Therefore, the cooling water is collected by the water pump 23 through the cooling water recovery passage 22 after cooling the turbocharger 20.

Regarding the cooling system of the turbocharger 20, when the engine 21 is normally driven, the cooling water supplied by the drive of the water pump 23 is sent to the turbine pump 15 through the cooling water supply passage 18, and the blades 16 of the turbine pump 15 are supplied.
Is rotated and discharged, and is supplied from the cooling water supply passage 13 to the cooling water passage 12 formed in the housing 7 of the turbocharger 20. The cooling water supplied to the cooling water passage 12 takes heat from the housing 7, bearing 3 and labyrinth seal portion 5 of the turbocharger 20 to cool the turbocharger 20, and the cooling water passage 12 passes through the cooling water recovery passage 22. The water pump 23 collects and circulates. In this cooling system, when the cooling water passes through the turbine pump 15, the blades 16 of the turbine pump 15 are rotated. The rotational movement of blade 16 causes blade 17 to rotate. The rotary motion of the blade 17 is generated by the oil pump, the oil sump, etc.
The lubricating oil is sucked into the turbine pump 15 through 19. The lubricating oil sucked into the turbine pump 15 is
It is sent to the lubricating oil supply port 4 of the turbocharger 20 through 14. Then, the lubricating oil is supplied from the lubricating oil supply port 4 to the bearing 3 through the lubricating oil passage 11, and then the lubricating oil is recovered to the oil pan or the like through the lubricating oil discharge passage 26.

In this turbocharger lubrication device, for example,
As shown in FIG. 3, the lubricating oil discharge port of the turbine pump 15 is constructed. That is, the outer peripheral upstream discharge port 31 on the oil discharge side of the turbine pump 15 is communicated with the drain passage 30, and the inner peripheral downstream discharge port 32 on the oil discharge side of the turbine pump 15 is supplied with lubricating oil to the bearing 3. It communicates with the lubricating oil supply passage 14. That is, the outer peripheral side upstream discharge port 31 is formed at a position with a long radius R ₁ from the rotation center O of the blade 17,
Further, the inner peripheral side downstream discharge port 32 is formed at a position with a short radius R ₂ from the rotation center O of the blade 17. Therefore, the lubricating oil receives a centrifugal force due to the rotational movement of the blade 17, and the lubricating oil containing a large amount of sludge moves to the outer peripheral side in the scroll of the turbine pump 15, and first, the outer peripheral side upstream discharge port 31. Is discharged from the drain passage 30 to the oil pan. Next, the lubricating oil containing a small amount of sludge is supplied from the inner peripheral side downstream discharge port 32 to the lubricating oil supply port 4 of the turbocharger 20 through the lubricating oil supply passage 14. That is, when the lubricating oil passes through the blades 17 of the turbine pump 15, the lubricating oil itself is subjected to centrifugal force, and the sludge contained in the lubricating oil is discharged to the outer peripheral side upstream by the filter effect by the centrifugal separation. Lubricating oil discharged from the outlet 31 to the drain passage 30 and having less sludge is supplied to the bearing 3 from the inner peripheral side downstream outlet 32. Therefore, the lubricating oil supplied to the turbocharger 20 has a reduced amount of sludge, which can prevent the sludge from being accumulated in the turbocharger 20 and prevent carbonization of the lubricating oil.

Further, in this turbocharger lubrication system, the engine 21 is driven at high speed and high load, and the turbocharger 20
When the engine 21 suddenly stops in the high temperature state, the housing 7 of the turbocharger 20 is in the high temperature state, and further, the operation of the water pump 23 is stopped due to the stop of the engine 21, and the cooling water does not circulate. Therefore, the cooling water passage 12 formed in the housing 7 of the turbocharger 20
The cooling water existing in the cooling water receives the heat energy transferred from the blades 8 of the turbine 1, and the cooling water boils into steam. This steam rises through a cooling water supply passage 13 leading to a turbine pump 15 arranged above the turbocharger 20, and the turbine energy is pumped by steam energy.
Rotate blade 16 of 15. The steam produced by rotating the blades 16 of the turbine pump 15 is sent to the cooling system of the engine 21 as it is or after being liquefied. The rotational movement of the blade 16 of the turbine pump 15 rotates the blade 17 that sends out the lubricating oil, sucks the lubricating oil from the lubricating oil reservoir or the like through the lubricating oil passage 19, and supplies the lubricating oil from the turbine pump 15 through the lubricating oil supply passage 14. Sent to mouth 4,
Bearing 3 from the lubricating oil supply port 4 through the lubricating oil supply passage 11
Is supplied to.

In this case, since the engine 21 is stopped, the exhaust gas is not already sent to the turbine 1. Therefore,
Since the turbocharger 20 itself is not heated any more, the turbocharger 20 is sufficiently cooled only by evaporating the cooling water that has accumulated in the turbocharger 20, and the turbocharger 20 is cooled further than the turbocharger 20. No need to supply cooling water. When the housing 7 of the turbocharger 20 is cooled, the lubricating oil accumulated in the bearing 3 and the seal portions 5 and 6 of the turbocharger 20 is prevented from being carbonized, and the accumulation of sludge is also prevented.

In this turbocharger lubrication device, in order to make the rotational movement of the blade 16 by steam effective, for example,
As shown in FIG. 2, it is preferable to configure the cooling water supply passage 13. That is, the cooling water passage 12 of the turbocharger 20.
The cooling water supply passage 13 that communicates with the passage 33 on the turbine pump 15 side is formed with an orifice 34 so as to have a small passage cross-sectional area. By forming the orifice 34 in the cooling water supply passage 13, when the steam from the cooling water passage 12 flows into the passage 33 with a small passage cross-sectional area from a passage with a large passage cross-sectional area, it is sent to the turbine pump 15 at an increased flow velocity. To increase the rotation speed of the blade 16 of the turbine pump 15,
The increase in the number of revolutions of the blade increases the number of revolutions of the blade 17, and therefore, the lubricating oil supply capacity of the turbine pump 15 can be improved, and sufficient lubricating oil can be supplied to the bearing 3.

The lubrication device for a turbocharger according to the present invention is configured as described above, but the turbine pump 15 is not limited to the above configuration, and not only the steam generated by the turbocharger but also the turbine pump 15 in addition to the steam generated in the vehicle It is also possible to operate the fuel pump mounted on the vehicle so as to utilize the flow of the fuel, or to operate with a small electric motor.

[Effect of device]

Since the lubricating device for a turbocharger according to the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following unique effects. That is, the lubrication device for a turbocharger has a housing in which a shaft having a turbine blade at one end and a compressor impeller at the other end is rotatably supported via a bearing, and is formed in the housing in the vicinity of the turbine. Since it has a cooling water passage and a turbine pump that is driven by steam generated in the cooling water passage to supply lubricating oil to the bearing, the turbocharger is operated at a high load and the engine is stopped when the turbocharger is in a high temperature state. Even if it does, the cooling water in the cooling water passage is actively receiving heat from the turbocharger housing, bearings and seals, which are hot, and steam is actively generated, and the turbine energy is driven to lubricate the turbine pump. Oil can be supplied to the bearing. Furthermore, the turbine pump itself needs only a small capacity, and it can pressurize and inject the lubricating oil to cool and lubricate the bearing portion reliably and quickly, and even if carbon is generated or the lubricating oil is used. Even if it contains sludge, it can be immediately removed to clean the bearing site.

Therefore, due to the high temperature of the turbocharger, the lubricating oil is prevented from being carbonized or carbonized and accumulated in the seal portion and the bearing portion of the turbocharger, and the sludge contained in the lubricating oil is accumulated in the seal portion and the bearing portion. It is possible to prevent the seizure of the bearing and prevent the burnout and the increase of resistance by supplying the lubricating oil to the bearing portion at the time of high temperature of the turbine. No seizure occurs, and no inconvenience occurs when the next operation of the turbocharger is performed.

Further, the high temperature heat from the turbine transmitted through the shaft is generated on the turbine side so that the heat from the portion is completely radiated and the bearing and the lubricating oil are thermally affected. There is no carbonization,
It will be highly durable.

Therefore, in the continuous operation of the turbocharger in a high-power engine at high speed and high load, carbon deposition on the bearing,
It is possible to prevent wear of bearings, provide a highly reliable lubricating device, and significantly improve the output performance of the engine.

Further, in this turbocharger lubricating device, since the passage on the turbine pump side communicating with the cooling water passage is formed to have a small passage cross-sectional area by the orifice,
The steam from the cooling water passage increases in flow velocity and is supplied to the turbine pump, thereby increasing the rotation speed of the turbine pump, increasing the lubricating oil supply capacity of the turbine pump, and providing sufficient lubricating oil to the bearing. Can be supplied.

Further, in this turbocharger lubrication device, the upstream outer peripheral discharge port on the oil discharge side of the turbine pump is connected to the drain passage, and the downstream inner peripheral discharge port is communicated to the passage for supplying lubricating oil to the bearings. The lubricating oil containing a large amount of sludge is discharged to the drain passage from the upstream outer peripheral discharge port due to the filter effect of centrifugal separation, and the lubricating oil having a small amount of sludge is supplied to the bearing from the downstream inner peripheral discharge port.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing an embodiment of a lubricating device for a turbocharger according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a cooling water system for a turbine pump in the lubricating device for a turbocharger, and FIG. 3 is a turbine pump. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a lubricating oil supply system, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of a conventional lubricating device for a turbocharger. 1 ... Turbine, 2 ... Compressor, 3 ... Bearing, 4
…… Lubricant supply port, 5 …… Labyrinth seal part, 6 ……
Seal part, 7 ... Housing, 8 ... Blade, 9 ...
Impeller, 10 …… Shaft, 11 …… Lubricant oil supply passage, 12
...... Cooling water passage, 13 ...... Cooling water supply passage, 14 ...... Lubricating oil supply passage, 15 ...... Turbine pump, 20 ...... Turbocharger, 21 ...... Engine, 31 ...... Outer peripheral side upstream discharge port, 32 ......
… Inner peripheral downstream outlet, 34 …… Orifice.

Claims (3)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A housing that rotatably supports a shaft having a blade of a turbine at one end and an impeller of a compressor fixed at the other end through a bearing, a cooling water passage formed in the housing in the vicinity of the turbine, A turbocharger lubricating device, comprising: a turbine pump driven by steam generated in the cooling water passage and supplying lubricating oil to the bearing. 2. The lubricating device for a turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the passage on the turbine pump side communicating with the cooling water passage is formed with an orifice to have a small passage cross-sectional area. 3. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein an outer peripheral upstream discharge port on the oil discharge side of the turbine pump communicates with a drain passage and an inner peripheral downstream discharge port communicates with a passage for supplying lubricating oil to the bearing. Lubricator.