JPH0847106A - Hybrid type driver - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To simplify the structure of the field system of a hybrid type driver in which a prime mover, a generator and a motor are combined. CONSTITUTION:A hybrid exciting type permanent magnet generator (HPG) 51 to be rotted by a prime mover 52 regulates a current flowing to its exciting winding 51a thereby to regulate its field, thereby controlling an output voltage value. The output of the HPG 51 is rectified by a rectifier 52 to DC, which is converted to an AC and fed to a motor 56, which rotatably drives a motor 56. A chopper circuit 58 chopper-controls a DC rectified from the AC of the HPG 51 by a rectifier 57, and supplies it to the exciting winding 51a of the HPG 51. The chopper operation of the circuit 58 is controlled by a voltage controller of command unit 64, 66, etc., and the HPG 51 is field controlled to control its output voltage.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hybrid drive unit, which is suitable for use as a drive unit for an electric vehicle, for example.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, as a drive unit for an electric vehicle,
A hybrid drive was developed. FIG. 7 shows a conventional hybrid drive device for an electric vehicle. As shown in the figure, a prime mover 01 such as a gasoline engine and an alternator (induction generator or permanent magnet synchronous generator) 02 are directly connected to each other. Current is output. Converter 03
Converts the alternating current output from the alternating current generator 02 into a direct current and sends the direct current to the battery 04 and the driving inverter 05. In this example, converter 03 has the same circuit configuration as inverter 05.

When the power consumption of the drive inverter 05 is low, the surplus power is charged in the battery 04, and when the power consumption of the drive inverter 05 is high, the combined power of the converter 03 and the battery 04 causes the drive inverter 05 to be charged. Power is supplied to.

The drive inverter 05 converts a DC current into an AC current and sends the AC current to the AC motor 06. As a result, AC motor 06 rotates and the electric vehicle runs.

In this device, since it is desired to drive the prime mover 01 efficiently and at a low-pollution operating point, the prime mover 0 is generally used.
1 is operating at a constant rotation speed.

When an induction generator is used as the AC generator 02, the frequency current controller 07 detects the current between the generator 02 and the converter 03, and the gate signal g to be sent to the converter 03 based on this is detected. By adjusting, the value and frequency of the exciting current supplied from the converter 03 to the induction generator 02 are controlled to adjust the power generated by the induction generator 02. In this way, the generated power is adjusted according to the load on the vehicle drive side.

[0007]

In the prior art shown in FIG. 7, when an induction generator is used as the AC generator 02, the converter 03 is required to have a function of supplying an exciting current. 03 cannot be a simple rectifier circuit and must have the same configuration as the drive inverter 05, resulting in a complicated control circuit.

On the other hand, if a permanent magnet type synchronous generator is used as the AC generator 02, the engine speed is generally constant, so in order to operate the generator widely, an inverter and a control circuit are also used. The excitation current is controlled to increase or decrease the magnetism. As a result, complex control circuits are required.

After all, if an induction generator or an ordinary synchronous generator is used as the AC generator 02, the field control system for adjusting the generated voltage becomes complicated.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid drive apparatus having a simple structure of a field control system for adjusting a generated voltage.

[0011]

Means for Solving the Problems A first method for solving the above problems is described below.
In the configuration of the present invention, the N-pole side armature core and the S-pole side armature core are arranged side by side in the axial direction, and the yoke and the electric machine are arranged across the N-pole side and S-pole side armature cores. Child winding,
A stator composed of an excitation winding arranged circumferentially at a position between the N-pole side and S-pole side armature cores, a rotor core, and a rotor facing the N-pole side armature cores. A plurality of N-pole permanent magnets and N-pole salient pole portions arranged on the iron core surface and alternately arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, and a rotor iron core surface facing the S-pole armature core. A rotor composed of a plurality of S-pole permanent magnets and S-pole salient pole-shaped portions which are arranged and spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction and which are alternately provided at an arrangement pitch deviated from the arrangement pitch of the N-pole permanent magnets; A hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator, a prime mover for rotating a rotor of the hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator, and a rectifier for rectifying an alternating current generated by the hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator into a direct current. , Straight rectified by this rectifier A drive inverter that converts an electric current into an alternating current and supplies it to an alternating current motor, and a hybrid excited permanent magnet generator by chopper controlling the rectified and rectified direct current generated by the hybrid excited permanent magnet generator. A chopper-type field part that flows in the exciting winding, and a voltage control part that controls the chopper operation in the chopper-type field part so that the DC output voltage value of the rectifier becomes equal to a set value. Is characterized by.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the voltage control section activates the chopper operation of the chopper type magnetic field section when the DC output voltage value of the rectifier exceeds a set value, A chopper actuating / stopping unit is provided for stopping the chopper operation of the chopper type field unit when the DC output voltage value of the rectifier becomes smaller than the set value.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the voltage control section controls the upper limit of the value of the current flowing through the exciting winding when the DC output current value of the rectifier exceeds a set value. Is provided with a current limit circuit for

[0014]

In the present invention, a hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator having a DC field winding is used as the generator of the hybrid drive device. This generator can increase / decrease the magnetic field by controlling the current in the DC field winding, so that the field control system can be realized by a simple chopper circuit.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

<Description of Hybrid Excitation Type Permanent Magnet Generator> First, a hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator (this is referred to as “HP
(Abbreviated as “G”) will be described with reference to FIGS.

In FIG. 2, 1 is an armature as a stator,
Reference numeral 2 is an iron core of this armature, 3 is an armature winding, and 4 is a cylindrical yoke. Of these, the armature core 2 is a stratified core divided into two in the axial direction, one side portion is configured as an N pole side iron core 2a, and the other one side portion is configured as an S pole side iron core 2b. A ring-shaped DC excitation winding 5 shown in FIG. 5 is arranged between the pole-side iron core 2a and the S-pole side iron core 2b.

The N pole side iron core 2a and the S pole side iron core 2b
Are configured to be magnetically coupled and mechanically supported by the yoke 4. Also, the armature winding 3 is
It is arranged over the N pole side iron core 2a and the S pole side iron core 2b.

The exciting winding 5 is obtained by insulating the electric wire 5a wound in a ring shape as shown in FIG. 5, and has a sufficient number of turns so as to generate a necessary magnetomotive force in accordance with the power source capacity and machine dimensions. It is wound.

On the other hand, the rotor 11 has a rotor core 12 and a permanent magnet 13, of which the rotor core 12 is supported and fixed by a yoke 14 connected to a shaft 15.
The rotor core 12 has a salient pole shape with a partially protruding structure, and the salient pole portion 1 is provided at a portion other than the portion including the permanent magnet 13.
2a. This salient pole portion 12a
Are provided corresponding to the N pole side iron core 2a and the S pole side iron core 2b of the stator, and are divided into an N pole side salient pole-shaped portion 12aN and an S pole side salient pole-shaped portion 12aS.

That is, the salient pole-like portion 12a is the N of the stator.
The N pole side salient pole portions 12aN and the S pole side salient poles are formed so as to correspond to the axial lengths of the pole side iron core 2a and the S pole side iron core 2b and have a constant width in the circumferential direction. It exists as the shape portion 12aS. Then, in the N pole-side salient pole-shaped portion 12aN, the N pole permanent magnets 13 are arranged adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. 3A, and in the S pole-side salient pole-shaped portion 12aS. Also, the S-pole permanent magnets 13 are arranged adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. Thus, in the axial direction, the N pole side salient pole portions 12aN and the S pole permanent magnets 13 are arranged side by side, and the N pole permanent magnets 13 and the S pole side salient pole portions 12aS are arranged side by side.

As a result, in the rotor 11, as shown in FIG. 4, the N pole side salient pole portions 12aN and the N pole permanent magnets 13 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the excitation winding 5 is axially arranged. The salient pole-shaped portions 12aS and the S-pole permanent magnets 13 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction with the width of the salient pole-shaped portions 12aS and the permanent magnets 13 arranged side by side in the axial direction. Has become. At this time, the salient pole-shaped portion 12a is formed in the circumferential direction by the permanent magnet 1
The same number as the number of poles of 3 is formed.

The examples shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 show examples in which the permanent magnets 13 are arranged in six poles, but the number of poles is not limited to this, and various poles such as eight poles are conceivable.

2 and 3, the surface of the salient pole portion 12a of the rotor core 12 and the surface of the permanent magnet 13 form the same circumferential surface, but the gap is reduced. The protrusion amount of the salient pole portion 12a can be made larger than the thickness of the permanent magnet 13 so that the effective magnetic flux passing through the salient pole portion 12a is increased. Further, in FIGS. 3 and 4, the widths of the permanent magnet 13 and the salient pole portion 12a are the same, but the width of the salient pole portion 12a is made wider than that of the permanent magnet 13 in order to increase the magnetic flux as described above. Good. The rotor core 12 may be a lump core.

In FIG. 2, the permanent magnet 13 is attached and fixed to a predetermined portion of the rotor iron core 12 other than the salient pole portions 12a, and the rotor iron core 12 is inserted into and supported by the cylindrical yoke 14.

The structure of the HPG is as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5. Here, the control operation of the magnetic flux associated with the adoption of such a structure will be described.

When a DC current is applied to the DC excitation winding 5 shown in FIG. 2, the armature yoke 4 → S pole side iron core 2b → gap → S pole side salient pole, for example, as indicated by the solid line in FIG. Shape 1
A closed magnetic circuit is formed in the order of 2aS → rotor iron core 12 → rotor yoke 14 → rotor iron core 12 → N pole side salient pole portion 12aN → gap → N pole side iron core 2a → yoke 4. In this case, the direction of the magnetic flux can be controlled by the direction of the direct current, and the magnitude can be controlled by the magnitude of the current. Therefore, the adjustment of the magnetic flux accompanied by the generation of the DC magnetic flux by the excitation winding 5 is as follows.

<When the DC exciting current is 0> There is no magnetic flux due to the DC exciting current, but only the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 13. That is, the magnetic flux from the N-pole permanent magnet 13 has a gap → the N-pole side iron core 2a → the armature yoke 4 → the S-pole side iron core 2b →
A path formed by the gap, the S pole permanent magnet 13, the rotor core 12, the rotor yoke 14, the rotor core 12, and the N pole permanent magnet 13 is traced. In this case, the gap magnetic flux is the permanent magnet 1
It is determined by the residual magnetic flux density (characteristic of the magnet) of No. 3 and the surface area.

When this state is viewed as the magnetic flux on the rotor surface, it becomes as shown in FIG. 6B, and the N-pole permanent magnet 13
From the armature yoke 4 to the S-pole permanent magnet 13,
The pole permanent magnet 13 passes through the rotor yoke 14 to reach the N pole permanent magnet 13.

Therefore, each coil constituting the armature winding 3 cuts the magnetic flux of either the N pole or the S pole by the rotation of the rotor, and as a result, the armature winding 3 rotates. An alternating voltage having a frequency determined by the number and the number of poles is induced. It should be noted that I _DC represents a DC exciting current.

In this way, when I _DC = 0 in this example, the generated power determined by the induced voltage generated by the permanent magnet 13 can be obtained.

<The magnetic flux generated by the DC excitation current is the permanent magnet 13
If it is in the same direction as the magnetic flux of _DC> 0)> Permanent
The magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 13 is the N-pole permanent magnet 13 and the S-pole permanent magnet.
There is no change in the occurrence of stone 13.

On the other hand, the magnetic flux generated by the DC excitation winding 5 passes through a path having a small magnetic resistance, and the S pole side iron core 2b → gap → S pole side salient pole portion 12aS → rotor iron core 12 → rotor yoke 14 → Rotor core 12 → N pole side salient pole portion 12aN →
It passes through the gap → the N pole side iron core 2a → the armature yoke 4. In this case, since the magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet 13 is close to that of air and the magnetic resistance is large, the DC magnetic flux passes through the salient pole portion 12a.

As a result, looking at the combined magnetic flux number on the rotor surface, the magnetic flux emitted from the N pole side salient pole portion 12aN is directed to the S pole permanent magnet 13 arranged in the axial direction as shown in FIG. 6 (a). Really
The magnetic flux from the N-pole permanent magnet 13 is aligned in the axial direction S
It will reach the pole-side salient pole-shaped portion 12aS.

Therefore, in each coil arranged along the axial direction which constitutes the armature winding 3, the direction of the magnetic flux cut on the N-pole side is opposite to the direction of the magnetic flux cut on the S-pole side, and the directions are opposite to each other. An induced voltage is generated, and the induced voltage is reduced as a whole.

That is, depending on the magnitude of the DC exciting current,
The induced voltage can be reduced, and the induced voltage can be set to 0 depending on its magnitude.

Thus, by creating a magnetic flux in the same direction as the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 13, the field magnetic flux is equivalently weakened (demagnetized).

<The magnetic flux generated by the DC exciting current is the permanent magnet 13
If the direction is different (opposite) to the magnetic flux of (in the case of I _DC <0)>, in this case as well, the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 13 is generated by the N-pole permanent magnet 13 and the S-pole permanent magnet 13. There is no.

On the other hand, the magnetic flux generated by the DC excitation winding 5 also passes through a path having a small magnetic resistance, and the N pole side iron core 2a → gap → N pole side salient pole portion 12aN → rotor iron core 12 → rotor yoke 14 → Rotor core 12 → S pole side salient pole 12
aS → gap → S pole side iron core 2b → armature yoke 4.

As a result, looking at the combined magnetic flux on the rotor surface, as shown in FIG. 6C, the magnetic flux emitted from the N-pole permanent magnet 13 reaches the N-pole side salient pole-shaped portion 12aN adjacent in the circumferential direction, Further, the magnetic flux emitted from the S pole side salient pole-shaped portion 12aS reaches the S pole permanent magnets 13 that are adjacent in the circumferential direction.

Therefore, in each coil passing through the slot along the axial direction which constitutes the armature winding 3, the direction of the magnetic flux cut on the N pole side and the direction of the magnetic flux cut on the S pole side are the same, and the same. A directional induced voltage is generated, and the induced voltage is increased as a whole. That is, the induced voltage is adjusted according to the magnitude of the DC exciting current, and as a result, the DC field magnetic flux can be controlled to contribute to the power generation control of the hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator.

<Description of Embodiment Using HPG> Next, a hybrid drive apparatus for an electric vehicle, which is an embodiment of the present invention, using the above-mentioned HPG will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 1, a hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator (HPG) 51 is an HPG having the same structure and function as described with reference to FIGS. It has a winding 51a. This H
The rotor of PG51 is a prime mover 5 that is rotationally driven at a constant speed.
It is rotated by 2.

A three-phase bridge rectifier 53 is connected to the HPG 51, and a battery 54 and a driving inverter 55 are connected in parallel to the three-phase bridge rectifier 53. Therefore, the three-phase alternating current generated by the HPG 51 is rectified into a direct current by the rectifier 53, and the direct current is supplied to the battery 54 and the driving inverter 55. Drive inverter 5
5 converts the DC current into an optimum three-phase AC current and sends it to the AC motor 56, and the AC motor 56 is rotationally driven to drive the electric vehicle.

The HPG 51 is further an auxiliary rectifier 5 for the excitation power supply.
7 is also supplied with a three-phase alternating current. The rectifier 57 rectifies the three-phase alternating current into a direct current and sends it to the chopper circuit 58, and the chopper circuit 58 causes a current obtained by chopper controlling the direct current to flow through the exciting winding 51a. That is, the current generated by the HPG 51 itself is passed through the exciting winding 51a. When the value of the exciting current flowing through the exciting winding 51a is reduced, the demagnetizing action is generated, and when the exciting current value is increased, the increasing magnetizing action is generated, and the exciting winding 51a is wound in a direction in which the generated voltage of the HPG 51 can be adjusted. ing.

On the other hand, the DC voltage detector 59 detects the DC voltage output from the three-phase bridge rectifier 53, and outputs the detected DC voltage V _dc which is the detected value. The current detector 60 detects the direct current output from the three-phase bridge rectifier 53 and outputs the detected direct current I _dc , which is the detected value. Current detector 61 detects the chopper current flowing to the excitation winding 51a, and outputs the detected field current I _fd is detected values.

The chopper actuating / stopping section 62 monitors the detected DC voltage V _dc , and when the detected DC voltage V _dc becomes larger than a preset voltage V _f , the chopper operation of the chopper circuit 58 is started, When the detected DC voltage V _dc is smaller than the set voltage V _f , the chopper operation of the chopper circuit 58 is stopped. Such start / stop control is
Considering that when the voltage becomes equal to or higher than the set voltage V _f , electric power capable of flowing a field current in the excitation winding 51 a is generated,
What is running.

The comparator 63 calculates the difference between the set DC voltage V _s and the detected DC voltage V _dc and outputs the error voltage ΔV. The field current command unit 64 controls the error voltage ΔV by PI (proportional / integral) calculation and outputs a field current command _Ifs . Comparator 65 outputs an error signal [Delta] I _f and obtains the difference between the detected field current I _fd and the field current command I _fs. The chopper command unit 66 controls the error signal ΔI _f by PI calculation and outputs a chopper command CH. When the chopper circuit 58 receives an operation command from the chopper operation / stop unit 62, the chopper circuit 58 performs a chopper operation (ON / OFF) at an ON / OFF ratio according to the chopper command CH.
Operation) to adjust the value of the exciting current flowing through the exciting winding 51a.

By constructing the above feedback control system, the exciting current flowing through the exciting winding 51a is adjusted so that the output voltage (detected DC voltage V _dc ) of the three-phase bridge rectifier 53 becomes equal to the set DC voltage V _s. Adjusted.

In this way, the exciting current flowing through the exciting winding 51a of the HPG 51 is adjusted by the chopper circuit 58, and the HPG 51
Since the three-phase output of the above is rectified by the three-phase bridge rectifier circuit 53 and supplied to the battery 54 and the inverter 55, the complicated converter which has been used conventionally and has the same configuration as the inverter is not required, and the excitation circuit The system becomes simple.

On the other hand, the current limit circuit 67 monitors the detected DC current I _dc , and when the electric vehicle rapidly accelerates or climbs a steep slope, the AC motor 56 requests a large current and the detected DC current I _dc is detected. Is increased, the field current command unit 6
4 is limited to limit (decrease) the upper limit value of the field current command _Ifs . As a result, the output voltage of the HPG 51 and thus the rectifier 53 decreases. Therefore, even if the output current of the HPG 51 increases, the output voltage decreases by controlling the maximum value of the field current, and constant output operation can be equivalently performed.
Since the HPG 51 has to be operated within the maximum rating, stable operation can be performed without difficulty if the constant output operation is performed in this way.

As described above, on the side of the present embodiment, the power generation control of the HPG 51 can be performed only by controlling the exciting current flowing through the exciting winding 51a in accordance with the power consumption of the driving example, and the hybrid drive device for the electric vehicle is realized. did it.

The present invention can be applied not only to electric vehicles but also to various drive devices.

[0054]

As described above in detail with reference to the embodiments, according to the present invention, since the hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator (HPG) is used as the generator of the hybrid drive unit, the field of this HPG is used. The output voltage can be adjusted by simply controlling the field by simply controlling the current flowing through the winding. Moreover, the field control system can be easily constructed by using a chopper circuit. Further, the AC output of HPG may be rectified by a rectifier having only a rectifying function. As a result, the field system does not require a complicated circuit such as an inverter, and the circuit configuration is simplified.

Further, since the chopper operation in the chopper type magnetic field portion is started after the DC output voltage of the rectifier exceeds the set value, it is possible to stably control the field current.

Further, when the DC output current of the rectifier exceeds the set value, the output voltage of the HPG is limited and the constant output operation is started so that the HPG can be operated within the safe range.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a hybrid drive system for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator used in an embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a rotor of a hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing an excitation winding 51a of a hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a magnetic flux state in a hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a conventional hybrid drive device for an electric vehicle.

[Description of Reference Signs] 51 hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator (HPG) 51a excitation winding 52 prime mover 53 three-phase bridge rectifier 54 battery 55 drive inverter 56 AC motor 57 auxiliary rectifier for excitation power supply 58 chopper circuit 59 DC voltage detector 60, 61 Current detector 62 Chopper actuating / stopping unit 63, 65 Comparator 64 Field current commanding unit 66 Chopper commanding unit 67 Current limit circuit

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Internal reference number FI Technical indication location H02P 9/14 G (72) Inventor Takayuki Mizuno 2-1-1 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Stockholders Association Shameidensha

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An N-pole side armature core and an S-pole side armature core arranged side by side in the axial direction, and a yoke and an armature winding arranged over the N-pole side and S-pole side armature cores. A stator composed of a wire and an excitation winding arranged along the circumferential direction at a position between the N-pole side and the S-pole side armature core, a rotor core, and the N-pole side armature core facing each other. A plurality of N-pole permanent magnets and N-pole salient pole portions arranged alternately on the rotor core surface at intervals in the circumferential direction, and a rotor facing the S-pole armature core. A plurality of S-pole permanent magnets and S-pole salient pole-shaped portions which are arranged on the iron core surface and are spaced apart in the circumferential direction and are alternately provided at an arrangement pitch deviating from the arrangement pitch of the N-pole permanent magnets. A hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator composed of a rotor and this hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator. A prime mover that rotates a rotor of a generator, a rectifier that rectifies the alternating current generated by the hybrid excitation type permanent magnet generator into a direct current, and an alternating current motor that converts the direct current rectified by the rectifier into an alternating current. And a chopper-type magnetic field that is fed to the excitation winding of the hybrid excitation-type permanent magnet generator by controlling the current generated by the hybrid excitation-type permanent magnet generator and chopper-controlling the rectified direct current. And a voltage control unit that controls a chopper operation in the chopper type field unit so that a DC output voltage value of the rectifier becomes equal to a set value. 2. The voltage control unit operates the chopper operation of the chopper type field unit when the DC output voltage value of the rectifier exceeds a set value, and the DC output voltage value of the rectifier is A hybrid-type drive device comprising a chopper actuating / stopping unit for stopping the chopper operation of the chopper type magnetic field unit when the value becomes smaller than a set value. 3. The voltage control unit is provided with a current limit circuit for controlling the upper limit of the current value flowing in the exciting winding when the DC output current value of the rectifier becomes a set value or more. The hybrid drive device is characterized in that