JPH0837856A - Method and device for applying jet of high pressured fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a method and device for jetting high-pressure fluid which is convenient for injecting injecting materials such as the powder, liquid, slurry of a growth promotor, a soil stabilizer into the ground, e.g. and is simple in device constitution. CONSTITUTION: The high-pressure fluid sent from a pump is accumulated in the lower high-pressure chamber 754 of a high-pressure accumulator to raise a piston 756 to improve the gas pressure of an upper gas chamber 750. At the point of time when the chamber 754 is fully filled with high-pressure fluid and the piston 756 is in contact with a sensor 762, a flow-in valve 769 is closed, a discharging hole 767 is opened, a discharging valve 68 is opened and the high-pressure fluid is speedily discharged by the lowering of the piston 756. Then the discharged fluid is guided to jet nozzle of downstream to generate a vacuum state within the nozzle and jetting material is absorbed and mixed to jet toward under the ground.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a high-pressure water jet method and apparatus for the ground and other suitable structures.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there are many reasons and opportunities for introducing a specific material into the ground or soil structure for various purposes. For example, water may be sprayed on the surface of the ground where plants grow. In this case, water penetrates the soil by gravity and capillary action to reach the roots of plants. In the agricultural industry, various spraying methods and equipment have been conventionally used for spraying water on plants. However, spraying or surface irrigation may be unreliable or unfavorable for a variety of reasons. For example, in a relatively dry area, water tends to be scarce, and thus the spray method often causes a large amount of water to evaporate from the surface, resulting in waste of water. It is desired that water be directly guided to the soil and that the roots of plants be kept underground for a long period of time so as to absorb water sufficiently.

Water may be sprayed underground by mixing certain plant growth promoters. This type of accelerator includes water absorbing agents, phytonutrients, insecticides, herbicides and the like. By adjusting the working conditions, it is possible to surely deposit water and the specified additive at an optimum depth for a predetermined specific plant.
Various biodegradable materials that rapidly absorb and expand a large amount of water and gelate to retain water are commercially available. Thus, there is a growing demand for a method of efficiently injecting water and additives into the ground.

Water and additives are also injected into the ground as promoters of plant growth such as the care of trees found in urban areas. Many urban roadside trees are often short of water, as many trees and grasses are often short of water, as large amounts of asphalt and cement cover the ground and prevent water from reaching the roots of trees and flowers. Under these circumstances, usually only a small ground around the trees is left uncovered by asphalt or cement. Therefore, simply sprinkling water only around the trees and requesting surface water absorption is often not an appropriate measure. In such a place, a large amount of asphalt or cement may cause extremely high underground temperature directly below. After all, trees and flowers in urban areas often die due to lack of water. In order to overcome the problem of water shortage caused by surface irrigation in such areas, it is obvious that water needs to be injected into the ground around trees and flowers with or without additives. It is no wonder that there is a growing demand for methods of injecting water into the ground so that trees and flowers in urban areas can absorb water properly.

It is considered that the seeding work in agriculture also requires a device for pouring water into the ground. The usual seeding method uses a simple spraying method with no soil cover or other materials. If the soil is not covered, the seeds may be lost due to wind and rain and bird damage. Budding seeds of plants with water and nutrients into the ground beneath the surface using the injection method dramatically improves seed germination. Using such a method, the seeds are protected and water is available for early germination.

From a geostructural point of view, certain materials may be deposited underground to achieve various purposes. For example, a soil stabilizer may be injected into the ground for the purpose of filling voids in the ground, improving the yield strength of the ground, preventing the leaching of groundwater, and mitigating the movement of soil. Soil stabilizers are used in the form of powder, wet slurry, or solution. A well-known method of injecting this kind of material is a method of digging a ditch in the ground and burying the material therein. Another method is to drill a boring hole in the ground and inject the material into the hole with a pump. Ditching is effective but dislikes it to be too expensive. Boring and pumping are less expensive than gutters, but less effective due to the lack of force to push the material into the ground. When using the drilling pump method, the underground burial effect is higher if more force is available to propel the material. Therefore,
It is inevitable that there will be an increasing demand for an injection method that can be used for soil stabilization work and that will exert its advantages.

From the standpoint of environmental protection, improvement of contaminated ground and water is of concern. In some cases it may be necessary to remove contaminated water and soil. In some cases, in order to convert harmful pollutants into harmless substances, specific microorganisms may be introduced into the contaminated area for biological treatment. These microorganisms basically refer to specific bacteria, which are present in powder media such as ash, clay, pumice, or diatomaceous earth and contain small amounts of nutrients that maintain the life of the bacteria. To introduce this microorganism, powder, slurry or solution is sprayed on the contaminated area. It is clear that the dusting of the powder causes dust, and in fact wastes the material, thus causing a troublesome problem. In many cases,
Microorganisms must penetrate into the ground to achieve their results. In some cases, it may be necessary to travel a long distance in order to occupy a large area of microorganisms. In such a method of use, the microorganisms can be moved advantageously by using the injection method. Therefore, it is natural that there will be a demand for the fluid jet injection method as an optimal method for applying microorganisms to biological treatment.

[0008] In fire fighting and extinguishing activities of houses and buildings, it is sometimes necessary to transport water from outside the service area of a fire hose to a burning object or a burning source. To extinguish the fire, firefighters must first use axes or other mechanical means to remove obstacles and ensure a straight path. Such activities may endanger the lives of firefighters, and should be avoided if possible. In the case of a covert fire, a high pressure that has enough water pressure to penetrate a normal window, door, roof or wall or structure to extinguish the fire by reaching the source of the fire and shutting off air flow. If jet water is available, it can be reached with water and flame retardant. Therefore, it is certain that there is also a demand for a fluid injection injection method that is optimal for fire fighting activities.

From the known technical point of view of the instantaneous on / off valve, there is a demand for a highly reliable instantaneous on / off valve suitable for manual operation during relatively high pressure operation. With conventional valves, the minimum force required to open and close the valve is too heavy for human effort, especially if it is long-lasting. Therefore,
In order to reduce operator fatigue, it is necessary to extremely reduce the force for moving the valve. From a conventional technical viewpoint, the number of valve parts must be increased in order to improve the reliability of the valve, keeping in mind that a valve member failure will not inadvertently open the valve discharge port due to safety reasons. Efforts have been made to reduce the number of moving parts as much as possible. From the conventional technical point of view, it is indispensable to improve the reliability of the discharge port, which cannot cope with severe erosion problems, and to improve the metal contact sealing material of the conventional valve which is susceptible to leakage or erosion. One side to strengthen the conventional valve,
In order to minimize the pressure drop at the valve outlet, it is necessary to optimize the outlet size.

The conventional on / off valve has various types in terms of design, size, pressure range, and operation mode. Here, the on / off valve refers to a so-called fluid flow rate adjusting valve that allows a smooth flow of the fluid, and cuts or cuts the flow of the fluid. These conventional valves are often classified according to the arrangement of main valve members such as members that open and close when a fluid passes through. These conventional valves are generally called gate valve, butterfly valve, cock valve, globe valve, ball valve, poppet valve (mushroom valve), needle valve, stem valve and the like. As the pressure of the fluid to be used increases, it is difficult to achieve fluid sealing and to operate movable parts.

When the fluid pressure exceeds 10,000 psi,
In the case of conventional gate valves, butterfly valves, cock valves, globe valves, etc., it becomes difficult to maintain the sealing, relatively high stress acts on the members, and relatively high force is required to operate the members. As a result, the range of choice is reduced. Only poppet valves, stem valves, and needle valves are available for handling high pressure fluids. Hard stem of conventional valve,
The needle or poppet usually has a circular cross section which moves up and down with respect to a circular fluid passage port located at the center of a movable valve seat made of hard metal. Conventional high pressure on / off valves require rotational movement, both manual and automatic, to raise and lower the stem and needle. As seen in many applications, this rotational movement is very slow and does not provide the required instant on / off action. In such a case,
The valve stem and needle must slide inside the valve body to open and close the valve port.

Conventional stem and needle valves are available that can be instantly turned on and off at fluid pressures above 60,000 psi. One side of this type of stem valve or needle valve is located inside the high pressure valve body, and the other side has a valve stem made of hard metal that is exposed to air. The surface in contact with the high-pressure fluid is in contact with a valve seat that opens and closes the fluid passage, or is in contact with another poppet that controls the fluid passage. The end of the stem that contacts the air is in contact with a force source that hinders the sliding motion of the stem. This force is provided by human hands or by an automatic or power supply device such as compressed air, hydraulic pressure, or electric power. The reciprocating motion required to actuate the valve stem is provided by conventional solenoid valves or pneumatic or hydraulic actuators.

Streaming systems operating at pressures above 10,000 psi have been rarely found, especially those requiring instantaneous on / off valves. With recent advances in water injection technology, flow systems operating at high pressures of 30,000 psi or more are now commonplace. Therefore, recently there has been an increasing demand for reliable instant on / off valves for delivery systems operating at high pressures of 30,000 psi and above. Although conventional instant on / off valves are commercially available, they are also well known for their many drawbacks. The force required to actuate the stem of a conventional valve is inconveniently large, and extremely high stress is applied to the inside of the valve body, so the reliability of the member is low.

For example, 60,000 with a diameter of 0.25 inches
For a valve stem in contact with high pressure fluid at 0 psi, the force acting on the stem is equal to the product of the cross-sectional area of the stem and the fluid pressure, or 2,940 lb. Such a large force tends to push the stem out of the interior of the valve body. Therefore, to close the valve, 2,940
A large force of lb or more needs to be applied on the opposite side of the stem in contact with air. At a pressure of 60,000 psi, the fluid exerts a relatively large compressive force on the stem seal material, which in turn exerts a large restraining force and frictional force on the surface of the stem. In other words, about 3,000 lb of force is required to push up the stem to return the valve to the closed state. If a pneumatic actuator operating at 70 psi is used to operate the valve stem, the diameter is approximately 7.5.
Inch air piston needs to be attached to the actuator.

Although a pneumatic actuator of this size is commercially available, its handling is troublesome due to its size and weight. If the pneumatic actuator is replaced by a hydraulic one, the size of the power piston can be significantly reduced, but the device is inconvenient to operate with the help of hydraulic fluid. For the above reasons, it is certain that there is a demand for an instantaneous on / off valve equipped with a stem having a relatively small diameter in order to effectively move the valve stem with a small actuator. However, in the case of a small valve stem, the use range is limited because the passage of fluid is usually small and the member is easily broken. There is certainly a demand for instant on / off valves with suitable fluid passages and reliable components.

For some delivery systems, especially water jet systems, the instant on / off valve must be operated by the human hand or foot. Since the power of the human limbs is very limited, this condition imposes a difficult task on the valve designer, especially over long periods of time. As a result, numerous attempts have been made to reduce component size and use fluid pressure to assist valve operation. The above efforts have led to the achievement of poppet valves that actuate the poppet directly or indirectly with human limbs to open and close a relatively large fluid passage.

Some conventional poppet valves are equipped with a relatively small manually operated valve stem used to engage a relatively large poppet that opens and closes the valve port. Other conventional poppet valves have a relatively small hand-operated stem that opens and closes a fluid circuit that supplies and dumps pressurized fluid to the poppet. Utilizing the available pressurized fluid for valve member actuation, limb forces can be significantly reduced. Unfortunately, pilot operated valves for use with such extreme fluid pressures are complex in construction, too expensive to manufacture, and unreliable.

[0018]

Therefore, as described above, for example, when injecting an injection material such as a plant growth promoter into the ground, a certain depth is ensured so that absorption can be surely performed on the roots of plants. Since it is necessary to reliably inject the injection material, there has been a demand for a method and an apparatus that are simple and easy to handle, and can surely inject deep into the ground. In connection with this, there has been a demand for an instantaneous on / off valve which has a relatively simple structure, is easy to handle, can handle extremely high-pressure fluid, and is highly reliable in operation. It was also desired that such a valve could be used as a pilot valve either alone or in a complex valve system.

[0019]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method and an apparatus for injecting a specific material such as a liquid or powder into the ground. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for forming an intermittent high-pressure water jet or a fluid jet that creates a suction / vacuum state in a suitable injection nozzle for introduction and injection into the ground. Incidentally, in connection with the present invention, there is disclosed in the specification an on / off valve which has a relatively simple structure, has few members, particularly movable members, and can process various fluids, especially high-pressure slurry-like fluids. In addition, there is disclosed an on / off valve that can be instantly activated by a relatively moderate force easily obtained by the force of a human hand or the like for a long time with respect to a fluid having a relatively high pressure. It also discloses an instantaneous on / off valve that can be used independently or as a pilot valve in a composite valve system.In addition, it also has more than simple on / off operation such as pressure control of a flow system. It also discloses an instant on / off valve that can be easily modified to enhance it. Further, there is also disclosed an instantaneous on / off valve capable of handling a fluid containing relatively high-pressure fine particles, such as an operation of spraying unclean water or water contaminated with solid matter.

A specific high-pressure fluid injection method of the present invention is as follows:
This is due to the following procedure. (1) A step of pressurizing a fluid to generate a high-pressure fluid (2) A step of accumulating the high-pressure fluid in the high-pressure chamber of the accumulator (3) A volume of the high-pressure chamber is reduced and a high-pressure fluid is discharged from the discharge portion of the accumulator communicating with the high-pressure chamber. Step of discharging (4) Step of guiding high-pressure fluid to the injection nozzle to form high-pressure injection fluid (5) Step of mixing material with high-pressure injection fluid (6) Step of discharging mixed fluid and material from injection nozzle at high pressure

Further, when the high pressure fluid is introduced into the accumulator, the gas pressure in the gas chamber of the accumulator is increased. Further, at this time, the piston is moved by the pressure of the high-pressure fluid to reduce the capacity of the gas chamber and increase the gas pressure. Then, when the high-pressure fluid is discharged from the accumulator, the valve downstream of the discharge hole is opened.

When the high pressure fluid is discharged from the accumulator, the fluid pressure of the high pressure fluid is lowered. Then, the gas pressure in the gas chamber that has risen in the accumulator is reduced by the return movement of the piston, and the gas energy is transmitted to the high-pressure fluid side. Then, when the high-pressure fluid reaches the injection nozzle, a vacuum state is generated in the injection nozzle. Then, the material is drawn into the high-pressure jet fluid by this vacuum state. At this time, the material was any of dry powder, slurry, and solution.

The structure of the high-pressure fluid injection device of the present invention is as follows. A means for increasing the fluid pressure to generate a high-pressure fluid, an accumulator having a high-pressure chamber and a discharge hole for discharging the high-pressure fluid in the high-pressure chamber, and a high-pressure fluid having a nozzle cavity and being sent from the high-pressure chamber Injection nozzle having a nozzle body for transferring to a nozzle-Injection means for forming a high-pressure injection fluid in the injection nozzle-Mixing means for mixing materials with this high-pressure injection fluid-Means for discharging high-pressure mixed material from the injection nozzle

[0024]

After the fluid is pressurized to generate the high-pressure fluid, the high-pressure fluid is accumulated in the high-pressure chamber of the accumulator, and then the volume of the high-pressure chamber is reduced to discharge the high-pressure fluid from the discharge portion of the accumulator communicating with the high-pressure chamber. To do. Then, the high-pressure fluid is guided to the injection nozzle to form a high-pressure injection fluid, the material is mixed with the high-pressure injection fluid, and the mixed fluid and the material are discharged from the injection nozzle at high pressure.

When the high-pressure fluid is introduced into the accumulator, the piston is moved by the fluid pressure of the high-pressure fluid to reduce the capacity of the gas chamber of the accumulator and raise the gas pressure. Then, a valve downstream of the discharge hole of the accumulator is opened to discharge the high pressure fluid from the discharge hole to reduce the fluid pressure, and the piston that has been moved by the fluid pressure until then is returned. Then, by the return movement of the piston, the gas energy accumulated in the gas chamber is converted into the discharge energy of the high-pressure fluid to increase the fluid velocity. Then, a vacuum state is generated in the injection nozzle, and by this vacuum state, the material is drawn into the high pressure injection fluid to be mixed and injected.

[0026]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Before describing the present invention, the basic structure of an instantaneous on / off valve suitable for being applied to the present invention will be described. Note that FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a closed state of an instantaneous on / off valve applicable to the present invention. The valve body 1 is preferably cylindrical, square, rectangular or any other suitable shape. The positions of the fluid inflow hole 2 and the discharge hole 3 are preferably on opposite sides of the main body 1, but they are not always required.

A hole is formed in the center of the main body 1, an upstream chamber 4 communicating with the fluid inflow hole 2 is provided on the upstream side, and a downstream chamber 5 communicating with the fluid discharge hole 3 is provided on the downstream side. The upstream chamber 4 and the downstream chamber 5 are separated by the valve port 6, and the seal assembly 7 is sandwiched between them. A round bar extension valve stem 8 extends upwardly from the body 1 through the center of the upstream chamber 4, the downstream chamber 5, the valve port 6 and the seal assembly 7. A holding device such as a plug or other suitable holding member is used to hold the seal material and the support ring of each stem in the corresponding seal cage and to hold the seal cage in the main body 1.

The stem seal 9 on the upstream side is the upstream chamber 4
The working fluid inside is sealed, and the stem seal 10 on the downstream side seals the working fluid inside the downstream chamber 5. A positioning device is used to return the valve stem 8 to the normally open or normally closed position. As an example of this positioning device, a downstream plug 11 that houses a stem spring 12 that contacts the end of the valve stem 8 is provided and supported by a built-in stop or an attached stop 13. The attached stop 14 located at the opposite end of the valve stem 8 also transmits an external pushing force to the valve stem 8 and also a stopping force limiting axial movement between the valve open and closed positions. At the midpoint of the valve stem 8, that is to say inside the upstream chamber 4 when the valve is in the closed position, the fluid passage 15 is preferably lathed. The valve stem 8 slides freely inside the valve body 1, but the sliding width is determined by the prescribed spacing between the stops 13 and 14. The movement of the valve stem 8 between the opening and closing positions of the valve is performed by using a displacement device such as a valve actuator or a hand lever.

When an external force (F) acts on the upper end of the valve stem 8 as shown in FIG.
As the valve 2 is compressed and the valve stem 8 moves downward, the fluid passage 15 bites over the valve port 6 and the fluid in the upstream chamber 4 flows into the downstream chamber 5. When the external force (F) is removed, the valve stem 8 becomes the stem spring 1
It is pushed up to 2 and closes the valve port 6 again. This type of valve is commonly referred to as a "normally closed" valve because the valve port 6 is closed when no external force acts on the valve stem 8.

It is desirable that the valve stem be finished relatively smoothly in order to smooth the sliding movement and the liquid sealing. Upstream stem seal 9, downstream stem seal 10,
The seal assembly 7 is a very important member for maintaining the proper function of the valve according to the present invention. The biasing force of the stem spring 12 is promoted by the fluid force inside the valve, but is eliminated when an external push-pull force larger than the seal restraining force and the friction force acting on the valve stem 8 acts. Since both ends of the valve stem 8 do not come into contact with the fluid used, the magnitude of the external force acting is approximately intermediate. Conventional valves often have a similarly shaped valve stem that is in contact with the fluid at both ends. If the diameter of the valve stem 8 is uniform, the fluid force in the valve that acts on the valve stem 8 maintains balance, so that no axial force acts on the valve stem 8 regardless of the opening / closing position of the valve.

FIG. 2 shows a valve body 101 of another configuration example, but the shape of the body is preferably cylindrical. The fluid inflow hole 102 and the discharge hole 103 communicate with the upstream chamber 104 and the downstream chamber 105, respectively. The central hole of the valve body 101 is divided into an upstream chamber 104 and a downstream chamber 105, and when the valve is in the closed position, the upper and lower chambers are connected or disconnected, so that the valve stem 10
8 is completely sealed with a sealing material such as the valve port seal assembly 107.

The valve port 106 is the seal assembly 1
It is provided so as to penetrate through the center of 07. The seal assembly 107 has a fluid passage 117 communicating with the fluid inlet 102.
Supported by the upstream bushing 145. The downstream bushing 116 has a fluid passage 118 communicating with the discharge hole 103.

Upstream chamber 104 and downstream chamber 105
A gap is provided between the valve stem 108 and the valve stem 108. The upstream chamber 104 is sealed with an upstream seal cage 119 and the downstream chamber 105 is sealed with a downstream seal cage 120. The upstream seal cage 119 houses the upstream stem seal assembly, which is composed of the upstream stem seal 109 and the support ring 121. Similarly, the downstream seal cage 120 has a downstream stem seal 110.
And a downstream stem seal assembly that is comprised of a support ring 122. The upstream seal cage 119 and upstream stem seal assembly are supported by the upstream plug 123 which is threadedly connected to the valve body. The downstream seal cage 120 and stem seal assembly are supported by a downstream plug 124 in a threaded connection to the valve body 101.

The upstream plug 123 and the downstream plug 124 are
Both of the through holes 125 and 126 of the valve stem 108 are provided in the central portion. The valve stem 108 passes through the upper and lower stem seal assemblies at the center of the valve body 101. The valve stem 108 is formed by turning the stem body to provide a fluid passage 115, and the upstream chamber 104 is provided while the valve is at rest.
The valve port 106 is designed to be blocked by the stem 108. When the valve stem 106 closes the valve port 106, the pressurized fluid is transferred to the upstream chamber 104.
Enclosed in the seal assembly and valve body 101
The seal assembly 107 containing the O-ring 127, which is an additional seal material between the two, allows or prevents the movement to the downstream chamber 105.

When a force is applied to push down the upper end of the valve stem 108, as shown in FIG.
Slides down until the lower end 129 of the stem hits the downstream plug 124. When the valve stem bottoms out, the fluid passage 115 of the valve stem 108 squeezes the valve port 106 of the seal assembly 107, causing the fluid in the upstream chamber 104 to flow through the fluid passage 115 into the downstream chamber 105 and then to the fluid. It flows out from the discharge hole 103. At this point, the fluid pressures in the upstream chamber 104 and the downstream chamber 105 are in equilibrium, and the fluid used is the upstream seal cage 11
9, sealed to or in the downstream seal cage 120 and associated stem seal assembly. The push-pull force acting on the valve stem end 128 causes the valve port 1
Open and close 06. The push force opens the valve port 106 and the pull force closes the valve port 106. The moving distance of the valve stem 108 is reliably controlled by a device that adjusts the positional relationship between the fluid passage 115 and the valve port 106.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the valve body 101
It is desirable to design steel with a steel material suitable for the fluid used and the fluid pressure. The diameter of the central vertical hole of the valve body 101 is preferably determined by the fluid pressure used and the type of fluid flow. The upstream bushing 145 and the downstream bushing 116 are sized so as to fit inside the central vertical hole, and the material is preferably a steel product which can firmly support the seal assembly 107 made of a polymer material or a plastic material.

The valve stem 108 is preferably made of hardened steel, ceramic, or any other hard material that provides a smooth finished surface when mated with the seal assembly.
The upstream stem seal 109 and the downstream stem seal 110 are
It is preferably made of a suitable polymeric or plastic material. The support rings 121, 122 are preferably made of a material that is somewhat harder than the material of the upstream stem seal 109 and the downstream stem seal 110. The upstream seal cage 119 and the downstream seal cage 120 are preferably made of steel which ensures a smooth finished surface suitable for sealing inside the valve body.

The upstream plug 123 and the downstream plug 124 are
Steel products are preferred to ensure sufficient threads to support upstream seal cage 119 and downstream seal cage 120 at specified working fluid pressures. In order to promote the sliding motion, center positioning of the valve stem 108 and the other valve member is surely and accurately performed. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure high-precision concentricity for other valve members surrounding the valve stem 108.

Various configurations of the valve stem 108 are shown in FIG.
It shows in (a)-(h). The fluid passage 115 is formed by cutting a part of the valve stem 108 by machining to finish it into a prescribed cross section. The fluid passage 115 can be processed into various shapes, but in any case, it affects the flow rate and the usage conditions of the valve. It is desirable that the valve stem 108 has a plurality of passages so that the passages 115 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the stem. 4A to 4D are side views of the valve stem 108, and FIGS. 4E to 4H are cross-sectional views of the valve stem 108 shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D. 4 (a) and 4 (e) show that the neck portion forms a fluid passage 115 that rotates around the valve stem 108.
Is shown. 4 (b) and 4 (f) show the valve stem 108 in which the flat cuts are parallel. Figure 4 (c)
And FIG. 4 (g) shows the valve stem 108 with two curved cuts. 4 (d) and 4 (h) are obtained by cutting a large number of vertical grooves parallel to the circumference of the valve stem 108.

The fluid passage 115 can be combined with various other types to achieve the same purpose of passing fluid along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem 108. FIG.
Among the specific examples shown in (a) to (d), the valve stem 108 of FIG. 4 (a) has the maximum flow rate but may cause hydraulic shock, and therefore the valve stem 108 of FIG. 4 (b). Is
Ensures relatively good seal placement and good flow rate. FIG.
The valve stem 108 of (c) absorbs or absorbs hydraulic shock during valve activation, and the valve stem 1 of FIG.
08 generates a relatively small hydraulic shock, but has a relatively small flow rate.

FIG. 5 illustrates a preferred shape valve port seal assembly. Upstream support bushing 21
5 and the downstream support bushing 216, this type of seal assembly includes an inlet ring 230, a valve port seal 207, an O-ring seal 227, an outlet ring 23.
It is composed of 1. Inlet ring 230 and outlet ring 2
31 is securely placed in the center of the hole through which the valve stem passes. The inlet ring 230 and outlet ring 231 are preferably designed of a relatively hard material such as hardened steel, synthetic gemstone, or ceramic.

The inlet ring 230 and the outlet ring 231 are
It is sandwiched between the valve port seal 207 and the upstream and downstream bushings 215, 216 to ensure highly accurate concentricity. Since the fluid used is extremely destructive at the moment of opening the valve, the inlet ring 230 and the outlet ring 231 are used to prevent the destruction of the valve port seal 207, but at the same time, it is used as a guide for promoting the sliding movement of the valve stem. You can also This special composite element / valve port seal, as shown in FIG.
15 (FIG. 5) but with downstream bushing 216 (FIG. 5)
Can be installed inside the valve body which does not have.

Referring to the example valve configuration shown in FIG. 6, the valve stems 318 are not of equal diameter over their entire length. Valve stem 31 located above fluid passage 315
The diameter (Du) of the upstream portion 332 of No. 8 is slightly larger than the diameter (Dd) of the downstream portion 333 of the valve stem 318 located below the fluid passage 315 as shown in FIG. Valve stem 318
The upstream portion 332 of is associated with the upstream chamber 304 and the fluid inlet 302. As shown in FIG. 6, the upstream portion 333 of the valve stem 318 is associated with the downstream chamber 305 and the fluid outlet hole 303. The valve port 306 is sized to allow the diameter (Dd) of the downstream portion 333.
With this size and arrangement of members, control mode fluid strength is created and the forces and directions within the valve body facilitate the activation of the valve as expected.

As shown in FIG. 6, when the diameter (Du) is made larger than the diameter (Dd), the net force generated by the pressurized liquid inside the valve body always pulls the valve stem 318 upward. To work. When the valve movement ceases, the valve stem 318 reaches the top by being pushed by the rising force of the fluid pressure until it stops at the downstream stop 313. The strength of this force can be determined by the difference in cross-sectional area between the upstream portion 332 and the downstream portion 333 and the fluid pressure.
As the difference between the fluid pressure and the cross-sectional area increases, the valve closing force of the rising port also increases.

When opening the valve, the valve stem 318
Is stopped by the upstream stop 314, and a pressing force (F) larger than the valve closing force needs to be applied until the signal is transmitted to the fluid passage 315 in the tongue of the valve port 306 and the fluid starts to flow. This external depressing force (F) must be maintained when leaving the valve in the open position. When the valve is closed, the external pressing force (F) is released, and the pressurized liquid in the valve automatically moves the valve stem 318 to close the valve port 306.

The automatic valve closing function can be achieved without the use of springs. However, mounting a suitable bias spring located at the downstream end of the valve stem 318 facilitates the valve closing operation even when there is no pressure inside the valve body.
Here, the on / off valve is "normally closed" or "power open"
It is possible to configure a shaped valve, and if no fluid force is available, the return of the valve stem that closes the valve port must be achieved by a compression spring, which is a human force when the working fluid pressure is high. Moreover, it is very difficult to continue the operation for a long time. It seems that ordinary springs do not exert enough force to achieve this end.

Although FIG. 7 shows a valve having a different structure, the valve body 401 has a valve stem 418 having a vertical diameter opposite to that shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the diameter (Du) of the upstream portion 432 is equal to that of the downstream portion 4
It is smaller than the diameter (Dd) of 33. The valve port 406 is sized to accommodate the downstream portion 433 of the valve stem 408.

When pressurized fluid is present in the valve, a constant fluid force pushes the valve stem 408 down until it stops at the upstream stop 414, as shown in FIG. At this position, the fluid passage 415 is engaged with the valve port 406,
Inside the valve, from the inflow hole 402 to the discharge hole 403
The fluid begins to flow out. This valve opening force is
It can be precisely controlled as a function of u) and (Dd).

When the valve is closed, the pushing force (F) acts on the downstream end of the valve stem 408 as shown in FIG. 7, and the valve stem 408 is stopped at the downstream stop 413 until the valve port 406 is closed. Stop fluid force. When reopening the valve, the external force (F) is simply disengaged and the fluid in the valve automatically actuates to reopen the valve port 406. This shows the characteristics of the "normally open" or "power closed" type valve according to the present invention.
Similar to the "normally closed" type valves described above, it is equally used in many industries.

Here, when the rising force can be secured by the adjustable compression spring attached to the lower end of the valve stem, it can be used as a fluid pressure regulator. A spring force that affects the fluid force acting on the valve stem can be set so that the valve opens when the fluid pressure in the body exceeds a set pressure and therefore the fluid pressure drops when the fluid flows out. The valve stem is then spring-loaded and closes the valve port again. This automatic sliding movement of the valve stem keeps the fluid pressure in the valve at a constant level. And this fixed level can be increased or decreased by adjusting the spring force. This spring force can also be replaced by an air-actuated actuator or similar actuator for high sensitivity. Since such a pressure regulator can change the size of the fluid passage in accordance with the movement of the valve stem, it is possible to introduce a special fluid passage into the valve stem and operate it with a relatively high pressure sensitivity.

FIG. 8 shows a valve of still another structure, which is an instantaneous on / off valve having one fluid inflow hole and two discharge holes which are alternately opened and closed. As shown in FIG. 8, the valve body 501 includes a fluid inflow hole 502 and a discharge hole 503, 5.
Equipped with 03 ', support bushings 515, 515',
Valve port seal 52 sandwiched between 516 and 516 '
7, 527 ′ allows the chamber to move upstream chamber 504
And a downstream central chamber 505, 505 'and an elongated central bore that divides into three chambers. Downstream chamber 505
Of the downstream chamber 505 ′ is plugged by the seal cage 520. The seal cage 519 is a stem seal 50.
9 and a support ring 521, the seal cage 520 includes a stem seal 510 and a support ring 5
It is composed of 22. The terminal plugs 523 and 524 are screwed and joined to the valve body to form the seal cages 519 and 520.
And corresponding stem seal assembly.

Terminal plugs 523, 524, seal cages 519, 520, stem seals 509, 510, support rings 521, 522, valve port seals 527,
527 ', support bushings 515, 515', 51
6, 516 'are all centered with holes through which the valve stem 508 passes. The valve stem 508 includes fluid passages 515, 515 'equally spaced between the two valve ports 506, 506'. The fluid passage 515 interlocks with the valve port 506 and the fluid passage 515 ′ interlocks with the valve port 506 ′.

The two operating positions of the valve stem 508 are determined by a stem stopper or an external stop device. In one position, the fluid passage 515 engages the valve port 506 and the valve port 506 ′ plugs into the valve stem 518. In the other position, the fluid passage 515 ′ engages the valve port 506 ′ and the valve port 506 plugs into the valve stem 518. Sliding valve stem 5
When the 08 moves between two positions, the fluid discharge hole 50
3, 503 'open and close alternately.

The twin-necked discharge valve described above can be designed for a desired position using a two-stage size valve stem 508 similar to the valve stems 318, 408 shown in FIGS. Therefore, the valve may be designed to keep the fluid discharge hole 503 or 503 'open when the external force (F) to be applied to the valve stem 508 is not applied. A feature of the invention is that it has one inflow hole and two discharge holes, one of which is used for work and the other of which is used for discharge, but it is necessary to discharge the fluid pressure from the discharge hole for work. Hand-operated dump valve (discharging valve), which the operator must sometimes close by hand
Is advantageous for.

One of the important aspects of the valve as described above is an elongated sliding valve stem having both ends extending from the inside of the valve body or coming into contact with the fluid used under various pressures. The inside of the valve body is separated by a suitable sealing material. Each valve port serves as a seal assembly for the valve stem. As described above, it is desirable that the fluid passage is formed by cutting the valve stem. For relatively high pressure applications, the valve port seal assembly may be fitted with a relatively rigid ring to protect the valve port seal. The sliding movement of the valve stem is achieved by an external force, but it is also assisted by the fluid force from inside the valve body. The external force is provided by mechanical force, electromechanical force, hydraulic pressure or other appropriate means.

The movement of the valve stem begins in the same direction as the fluid flow when the valve is closed with the fluid passage initially in the high pressure chamber. As the valve stem slides toward the low pressure chamber, the valve stem fluid passage begins to move towards the valve port, and eventually digs into the valve port. The valve stem cannot move from the low pressure side to the high pressure side of the valve because the fluid force acts on the valve port seal. Once the valve port is open and fluid pressure in the upstream and downstream chambers has averaged, the valve stem is free to move in the opposite direction to close the valve port.

Such an instantaneous on / off valve has an extremely simple structure and has only one valve stem in the movable part. This valve is extremely reliable, especially if the valve stem and sealing material are made of materials suitable for special fluids that can be readily discerned by technically skilled persons. It also supports high pressure. The valve can be operated from a relatively simple lever, as shown in FIG. 9, with an automatic or electric actuator that is small and therefore consumes little power. By using a relatively hard valve stem and a resilient valve port sealant, this on / off valve eliminates the particulates known to cause problems with conventional valves that use metal contact sealant. It is also compatible with the contained fluid. Therefore, the valve according to the invention can also be used for jetting operations of contaminated water which do not need to be filtered down to the micron particle level. Therefore, the filtration cost can be significantly reduced by using this valve.

(Experimental Example) A test was conducted on an instantaneous on / off valve similar to the specific example shown in FIG. The main body of the test valve is square, and the size is 2 "x 3.4".
× 1 ″. The diameter of the upstream chamber 304 is 0.44.
0 ″, the downstream chamber was 0.312 ″. The upstream chamber 304 was 0.850 ″ deep and contained a three element valve port seal assembly and upstream bushing. The downstream chamber was 0.650 ″ deep and empty inside. The valve body 301 is made of stainless steel, and has a fluid inlet hole 302 on one side similar to the example shown in FIG.
A fluid discharge hole 303 was attached to the opposite side.

The valve stem 318 is made of hard stainless steel and has a total length of 4.250 "and an upstream diameter (Du) of 0.31.
6 ", the diameter (Dd) on the downstream side is 0.125", and the cross-sectional difference is 0.
It was 00204 square inches. The valve port seal assembly consisted of an inlet ring 330, a valve port seal assembly 307 and an outlet ring 331. The inlet ring 330 and outlet ring 331 are identical and made of relatively hard synthetic sapphire with a through hole in the center slightly larger than 0.125 "for the valve stem 318 to slide freely. Stem 30
No. 7 was made of plastic and also had a through hole in the center portion, which was slightly larger than 0.125 ″, in which the valve stem 318 could freely slide.

The upstream seal cage 319 contained the upstream stem seal 309 and the support ring 321. The upstream seal cage 319 was made of stainless steel and had a diameter of 0.680 ″ and a thickness of 0.400 ″. The upstream stem seal 309 is made of plastic and has a valve stem 31.
There was a through hole in the center that was slightly larger than 0.135 "in order to store 8 in a tightly sealed state. The support ring 321 was made of relatively hard plastic, and the support ring 321 was also 0 in the center. There was a through hole slightly larger than .135 ". The downstream seal cage 320, the downstream stem seal 310, and the downstream support ring 322 are the above-mentioned upstream members except that the central through hole can accommodate 0.125 ″ of the diameter (Dd) of the downstream side 333 of the valve stem 308. Was exactly the same as

As shown in FIG. 6, the upstream plug 323 is
Only the through hole in the central portion for accommodating the upstream side 332 of the valve stem 318 is open. Although not shown in FIG. 6, the test valve includes a compression spring that contacts the downstream end of the valve stem 318, which produces a moderate lift force of about 2 pounds _f when fully compressed into the valve stem 318. A downstream plug 324 for storage was attached. Upstream plug 32
3 and the downstream plug 324 are threadedly joined to the valve body 301, the upstream seal cage 319 and the downstream seal cage 320.
Is pressed into the valve body 301, and the upstream chamber 30
4 and the downstream chamber 305 were firmly tightened to ensure the sealing property.

The valve tested at this time was 40,000.
It was connected to the pump with a hose that safely withstands psi water pressure. The discharge port of the pump was connected to a tube leading to a nozzle with an opening size of 0.15 ″. In the case of such a valve tested according to the invention, the valve stem 31
The hand-operated lever of about 8 ″ long attached to the upstream side of 8 was similar to the handle arrangement shown in FIG. 9. The pump was a booster type and was able to pressurize water up to 45,000 psi.・
For the off-valve, very little force was required at 0 psi, as the hand force was only applied to the compression spring on the opposite side of the valve stem 318.

At a water pressure of 5,000 psi, the 8 "hand actuated lever was taut due to the water force acting on the lever along with the spring that lifts the valve stem 318. The force was relatively weak when the valve stem 308 was lowered and the valve was opened, and no hydraulic shock was felt when the valve was opened and closed, and the fluid passage 315 allowed a smooth flow of fluid in the valve. When the valve stem shown in Fig. 4 (c) was used, the valve stem 318 returned to the closed position when the lever was released from the lever. It became necessary to strengthen his power.

At a working fluid pressure of 30,000 psi, the hand force to move the lever to open the valve was estimated to be 10 pounds. Once the valve was open, friction forces were created between the seal assembly and the valve stem 318 to hold the valve stem 318 in a fixed position, so that the force holding the valve open was negligible. When the force acting on the lever is released, the rising force of the water causes the valve stem 318 to automatically return to the closed position. This force was estimated to be about 60 pounds at a hydraulic pressure of 30,000 psi, which was significantly higher than the friction force between the seal assembly and valve stem 318. This on / off valve is designed to handle water pressure of 30,000 psi,
It demonstrated smooth operation without the effects of hydraulic shock and the water hammer seen with existing on / off valves. Even after repeated on / off tests, seal wear was not visible,
The reliability of the stem seal assembly has been proven.

FIG. 9 shows a partial cross section of an instantaneous on / off valve having a trigger and a handle for transmitting an external force to the discharge pipe, the suction pipe, the adapter and the valve stem 608.
The valve body 601 and its components are similar to the other examples discussed so far, with only a few exceptions.
For example, the application example shown in FIG. 9 does not include either the upstream seal cage or the downstream seal cage. Further, the upstream stem seal 609 and the downstream stem seal 610 are located inside the upstream plug 623 and the downstream plug 624, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 9, the adapter 634 is firmly fixed to the valve body 601 by the anchor bolt 635. Of course, the adapter 634 can be secured to the valve body 601 in any other suitable manner. The stem spring 636 is shown as a coil spring around the upstream portion 632 of the valve stem 608. One end of the stem spring 635 is adjacent to the upstream plug 623 and the opposite side of the stem spring 636 is adjacent to the valve stem anchor 637. The valve stem anchor 637 is firmly fixed to the valve stem 608.

According to FIG. 9, the valve stem anchor 63
The head of 7 is round and is designed to fit snugly into the round notch of trigger 638. Pivot pin 639 triggers 6
38 and adapter 634 for pinning. Trigger 6
38 is fitted in a slot 645 cut into the adapter 634. The handle 641 and the handle cover 642 are located outside the suction pipe 643. Trigger cover 644
Is used as part of a complete set of handles.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an important system portion of a concrete configuration example of the present invention. This system consists of a suitable pump 720 (drive 7
22 is preferably an electric pump or an engine pump depending on the operating conditions), a high pressure fluid accumulator 724, a control valve 726, an injection nozzle 730, a material storage hopper 74.
0, and other components such as conduits, tubes, and hoses as required. The water or the aqueous solution of the specific material pressurized by the pump 720 is sent to the jet nozzle 730 via the fluid accumulator 724 to generate jet water. Water jets send a specific powder into a stream of jets, creating a powerful vacuum that can, for example, be injected into the ground. In this specification, the term water jet is synonymous with fluid jet.

Pump 720 has a conventional peak pressure of 2
It is a three-row crank-bearing positive displacement pump with a generating capacity of 10,000 psi. It is desirable that the pump 720 be provided with a pressure relief valve so that the discharge can be completed or stopped without damaging the pump even when the pressure rises abnormally. The drive unit 722 is preferably an electric motor for indoor use or a combustion engine such as a diesel engine for outdoor use. The peak fluid pressure on the discharge side of pump 720 is typically on the order of 20,000 psi. However, a higher discharge pressure may be required depending on the situation. In that case, a hydraulic pressure booster may be used instead of the direct drive crank bearing pump 720 to pressurize water or other solutions.

Pressurized water of the pump 720 enters the high pressure accumulator 724 having a capacity according to a special usage or available power source via the on / off control valve 726.
The on / off control valve 726 is preferably powered by an actuator operated by compressed air or hydraulic fluid. The operation of the on / off control valve 726 is related to the operation of the fluid accumulator 724. For example, control valve 726
Opening causes the accumulator 724 to enter the filling process, and closing the control valve causes the accumulator 724 to fill. The discharge of the fluid accumulator 724 communicates with a manually operated on / off valve through a high pressure pipe such as a hose or a tube. The hand operated on / off valve is preferably connected to the injection nozzle 730 through a short pipe of a high pressure pipe or the like.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the injection nozzle 730 is provided with a side suction port 732 for introducing an additive into the injection water flow, as shown in FIG.
Additives, usually provided in the form of dry powders, are preferably stored in a storage hopper 740 shown in FIGS. A branch pipe with a T-joint is attached near the bottom plate of the storage hopper 740, and the injection nozzle 730 is connected with a flexible hose.
And another branch that communicates with valve 742.
The valve 742 is preferably used to control the amount of pressurized air allowed in the flexible hose to fluidize the powder additive.

Introducing high velocity jet water into jet nozzle 730 creates a strong vacuum that pulls the dry powder additive from a remote storage tank, such as storage hopper 740, to jet nozzle 730. Once the dry powder additive has been received by the spray nozzle 730, it comes into contact with the spray water and the spray nozzle 7
Emitted from 30 with water. The flow of dry powder additive continues while the water jet exits through the jet nozzle 730. The amount of additive that passes through the injection nozzle 730 in water injection is governed by several factors including the mass flow rate of the injection water and the design conditions of the injection nozzle 730. The result of the synthetic slurry jet discharged into the ground from the jet nozzle 730 is affected by several factors such as the total pressure of the high pressure jet, the physical properties of the additive, the isolated distance of the jet nozzle 730, and the geological conditions of the ground.

The power of the high-pressure jet or jet water discharged from the jet nozzle 730 is a function of parameters such as the nozzle diameter and the speed of jet water. Pj = (π / 8) ρd ² v ³ (1) where d = diameter of water injection nozzle, ρ = water density, v = water injection speed Further, the total work volume of high-pressure underground injection is given by the following expression. You can ask. ω = (π / 8) ρd ² v ³ t = (π / 4) pd ² vt ( ² ) where t = injection pulse time, p = high pressure injection point pressure, and thus maximum fluid injection into the ground It is apparent that the permeability is achieved by a relatively high velocity fluid jet.

FIG. 11 shows, as another preferred embodiment of the present invention, an intermittent injection injection system which employs a hydraulic fluid pressure booster 728 for pressurizing water. The pressure booster 728 is 2
It can operate at ultra-high pressures of over 10,000 psi.
A feature of this high pressure booster 728 is the reliability and ability to completely block or interrupt the discharge. This feature is
This is particularly advantageous during high-pressure injection work such as an intermittent injection device that completely blocks the discharge of the rotary pump or the crank bearing pump 720 and requires a pressure regulator or a suction return valve. Reliable high-pressure suction valves are relatively difficult to obtain and expensive.

FIG. 12 shows a high pressure accumulator 724 that can be used as a pressure accumulator of the system applied to the present invention. In terms of practical application, intermittent injection requires a relatively high mass flow rate, which exceeds the capacity of conventional pumps.
This pressure accumulator is used. An electrical analogy to the accumulator 724 is an analog type, in which high-voltage potential energy is stored, high-voltage sparks are generated, and instantaneously discharged. In the case of the high-pressure fluid system as in the present invention, the potential energy of the fluid to be used is accumulated in the fluid accumulator 724, and the accumulated potential energy is released immediately upon receiving a command.

As shown in FIG. 12, the fluid accumulator 724 according to the present invention is composed of a three-piece assembly including a cylinder assembly capable of processing a fluid at an ultrahigh pressure. As shown in FIG. 12, the accumulator 724 is preferably equipped with an upper gas chamber 750, an intermediate working chamber 752 containing a reciprocating piston 756, and a lower high pressure chamber 754 containing a plunger 758.

The upper gas chamber 750 is normally filled with a working gas such as nitrogen having a specified pressure. Gas chamber 7
50 communicates with the working chamber 752 via a central passage 753. The piston 756 is built in the working chamber 752, and the seal 757 is located between the piston 756 and the side wall of the working chamber 752 to ensure the sealing property between the gas chamber 750 and the working chamber 752. As shown in FIG. 12, the lower portion of the working chamber 752 communicates with the outside through a drainage 760.

The piston 756 is mechanically joined to the plunger 758, the sizes of the piston 756 and the plunger 758 are designed so that the cross-sectional areas of both reach a specified ratio, and the nitrogen gas in the gas chamber 750 opposes the plunger 758 to generate a high pressure. The fluid in the chamber 754 is designed to exert a specified force.

As shown in FIG. 12, sensors 762 and 7
63 is mounted inside the working chamber 752 to monitor the position of the piston 756, at a position opposite to the side of the piston 756. Sensors 762 and 763 are in electronic communication with solenoid valve 764, pump 720 to high pressure chamber 75.
Adjust the flow rate of compressed air that activates another valve that sends water to No. 4. The plunger seal assembly 759 is built into the housing of the accumulator 724,
The fluid in 54 is sealed from contact with the air in working chamber 752. The housing of the accumulator 724 is also provided with an inflow hole 76 for water supply via the high pressure chamber 754.
6 and the discharge hole 767 are attached.

As shown in FIG. 12, when pressurized nitrogen or other gas acts on the piston 756 and there is no high-pressure water inside the high-pressure chamber 754, the high-pressure accumulator 724.
The piston 756 and the plunger 758 are in the lowest position. When the on / off valve on the suction side is open,
The piston 756 is preferably in contact with the lower sensor 763. High-pressure water discharge side on / off valve 769
When the high pressure chamber 754 enters the high pressure chamber 754 through the on / off valve 768 on the suction side while the valve is closed, the plunger 758 is pushed upward until the chamber becomes full. At this point, the piston 756 contacts the upper sensor 762 to transmit a signal to the solenoid valve 764 and send compressed air to close the instantaneous on / off valve 769 for water supply. At this point, the piston 756 is pushed upward due to the water supply pressure, so that the nitrogen gas is surely pressurized.

When the high-pressure chamber 754 is filled with high-pressure water, the accumulator 724 is charged with potential energy and is ready to start work. The discharge hole 767 is rapidly opened, and the water in the high pressure chamber 754 is removed from the chamber 75.
It is expelled rapidly due to the force of nitrogen gas acting on piston 756 until 4 is empty. The high-speed jet water discharged from the accumulator 724 achieves many objects of the present invention, and is particularly used for the purpose of generating high-speed intermittent jet water or other jet fluid discharged from the jet nozzle 730. The accumulator 724 is preferably designed so that the continuing force of nitrogen gas maintains its velocity to facilitate the discharge of water from the accumulator until the high pressure chamber 754 is empty.

Further referring to FIG. 12, the pressure relationship between water and nitrogen in the accumulator 724 can be illustrated graphically. The maximum pressure of water discharged from the pump 720 is 2
Assuming 10,000 psi, the area ratio of piston 756 to plunger 758 is 12: 1, plunger 75
6 has a cross-sectional area of 1.0 square inch, accumulator 72
When water enters 4, the terminal of the plunger 758 is about 20,
A force of 000 pounds _f acts. This 20,000 pounds _f is transferred to nitrogen gas via piston 756,
It is distributed to all the piston area of about 1,670 pounds _f / inch ^2. Therefore, if the accumulator 724 functions normally, the nitrogen gas should not be pressurized beyond this pressure indication. Nitrogen gas is charged at the initial pressure to a final pressure of about 1,670 psi. The initial charge pressure is determined by the total capacity of the accumulator 724, which is certain to be calculable.

FIG. 13 illustrates a hand operated on / off high pressure valve that can be used with the method and apparatus according to the present invention. This hand operated on / off valve is US Pat.
No. 92,362. The high pressure water reaches the inside of the valve body where the reciprocating valve poppet is located through a conduit such as a flexible hose. Valve poppets normally close the valve port and block the flow of high pressure water. To open the valve, pull the trigger lever toward the handle as shown in FIG. The trigger lever exerts a force on several internal valve elements to mechanically pull out the valve poppet from the valve port, allowing high pressure water to flow through the inflow hole toward the discharge hole. With this on / off valve, the valve port can be closed by releasing the trigger lever, and the force of the closing spring acts on the valve stem to engage the valve poppet and block the valve port.
This hand-operated on / off valve is very suitable for the injection nozzle according to the present invention, because the opening / closing operation of the valve port is very fast.

Next, referring to FIG. 14, the injection nozzle 73
No. 0 has the ability to generate high-speed jet water, and the nozzle body 7
This creates a strong vacuum inside 31 which can be utilized when introducing additives into the jet stream. Injection nozzle 73
0 consists of a nozzle body 731 with a circular orifice cavity 733 containing a compatible orifice cone 735 that supports precision gemstones such as sapphire, rubies, diamonds, which are utilized when generating water jets at high pressure.

High pressure conduits such as tubing and hoses 729 may be placed through the orifice cone 7 through suitable fittings or adapters.
It is desirable that it can be directly connected to 35. Nozzle body 731
Has a nozzle cavity 734 communicating with the orifice cavity 733 and the through hole of the slurry nozzle 736. The jet water reaches the through hole of the slurry nozzle 736 via the nozzle cavity 734. The slurry nozzle 736 is preferably designed of a relatively hard material such as tungsten carbide. The slurry nozzle 736 has a tapered or jogo-shaped inlet and merges with a straight body. Slurry nozzle 7
36 is adjacent to the nozzle body 731 as shown in FIG.
Tighten the nozzle body 731 with the screw-in type nozzle extension 737.

The additive enters the interior 734 of the nozzle body via a removable feed tube 738 that is screwed in as shown in FIG. The feed tube 738 is sealed to the nozzle body with an O-ring sealant having high airtightness. Additives are conveyed to feed tube 738 through a tube or conduit such as hose 741. Orifice cone 73
When high-speed jet water is sprayed through the orifice built into the nozzle 5 and the slurry nozzle 736, the inside of the nozzle body 734
A strong vacuum state is generated and the dry / wet additive is sent to the inside 734 of the nozzle body. After the additive once enters the inside of the nozzle body 734, it is discharged from the slurry nozzle 736 by spray water and directly injected into the ground.

The degree of vacuum generated inside the nozzle body 734 is determined by the functions of the velocity and flow rate of the jet water as well as the inner diameter and length of the slurry nozzle 736. Slurry nozzle 736
Correct alignment is important so that the water jet can freely pass through the straight part of the nozzle. A special injection nozzle that can be employed in the device and method according to the present invention is US Pat.
No.8,368.

For field work, the method and apparatus of the present invention is used by loading it onto a trailer or truck carrying a pump and material storage. Operator pumps 72
0 and a hand operated valve and injection nozzle 730 connected to the material storage 740. The operator can place the injection nozzle 730 at the desired location and simply pull the trigger toward the handle to inject material into the ground. The operator can then move the device to the next location and continue working efficiently. Each time the valve is triggered, the high pressure accumulator 724 empties the water therein, but immediately thereafter begins to inject water into the high pressure chamber 754 for the next injection operation. The intermittent injection of one trigger operation is limited to only once. Since the intermittent jet water generated by the device according to the present invention is relatively high in speed and the amount of the additive mixed in the jet water is large, it is possible to inject a large amount of the additive to a deeper point in the ground.

The material injection method according to the present invention can be switched to the automatic operation immediately by replacing the hand-operated instantaneous on / off valve with the remote control valve. Injection nozzle 73
Of course, the mechanical positioning of 0 can also be automated.
Although specific examples of the present invention have been described through the above description of the specification, it goes without saying that specific items can be added or changed without departing from the basic principle of the present invention.

[0090]

As described above, the high-pressure fluid injection method and apparatus of the present invention generate the high-pressure fluid and then accumulate the high-pressure fluid in the high-pressure chamber of the accumulator. Utilizing this to increase the gas pressure in the gas chamber, this accumulated gas pressure is also used to rapidly discharge high-pressure fluid from the discharge hole of the accumulator and guide it to the injection nozzle, creating a vacuum state in this injection nozzle. Since the material is sucked and sprayed, for example, in the field of agricultural products, powdery, slurry, and liquid plant growth promoters, in the field of construction, soil stabilizers, etc., in the field of environmental protection, etc. It is possible to mix powders that carry microorganisms with water and inject them into deep underground. Further, with the above-described configuration, the device configuration is simplified, which is convenient and easy to handle, especially when carrying. Moreover, it can be constructed at low cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the basic configuration of a closed state of an instantaneous on / off valve applicable to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing another configuration example of a closed state of an instantaneous on / off valve applicable to the present invention,

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the instantaneous on / off valve of FIG. 2 in an open state.

FIG. 4 shows various valve stems of an on-valve applicable to the present invention, (a) to (d) are side views, and (e) to (e).
(H) is the cutting line 4e-4e of (a)-(d), respectively.
~ 4h-4h sectional view

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a valve port portion of an on / off valve applicable to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a normally-closed type instantaneous on / off valve applicable to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a momentary on / off valve of a normally-open type applicable to the present invention.

FIG. 8: Alternately operating suction port 1 applicable to the present invention
Partial cross-sectional view of an instantaneous on / off valve having two outlets and two outlets

FIG. 9 is a partial vertical sectional view of an instantaneous on / off valve equipped with an adapter and a handle applicable to the present invention.
A is a bottom view of the instantaneous on / off valve adapter

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an important part of a system configuration for executing the injection method of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an important part of another system configuration for executing the injection method of the present invention, in which a hydraulic pressure amplifier is used as a pressurized water generator.

FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of the high pressure accumulator of the present invention,
Suitable for generating strong and high-speed intermittent high-pressure jet water and other jet fluids

FIG. 13 is a partial sectional view of a manual instantaneous on / off valve applied to the present invention, which is suitable for a material injection operation.

FIG. 14 is a partial sectional view of an injection nozzle applied to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

720 ... Pump, 724 ... High-pressure fluid accumulator, 7
26 ... Control valve, 730 ... Injection nozzle, 734 ... Nozzle cavity, 740 ... Material hopper, 750 ... Upper gas chamber,
754 ... Lower high pressure chamber, 756 ... Piston, 767
Discharge hole, 768 ... A valve downstream of the discharge hole.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ——————————————————————————————————————— Inventor Gene Gee United States 98002 Washington, Auburn, Fifteenth Avenue South 29244

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A method for injecting a high-pressure fluid, which comprises the following steps. (1) A step of pressurizing a fluid to generate a high-pressure fluid (2) A step of accumulating the high-pressure fluid in the high-pressure chamber of the accumulator (3) A high-pressure fluid from the discharge part of the accumulator communicating with the high-pressure chamber by reducing the capacity of the high-pressure chamber (4) A step of guiding a high-pressure fluid to an injection nozzle to form a high-pressure injection fluid (5) A step of mixing a material with the high-pressure injection fluid (6) A step of releasing the mixed fluid and the material from the injection nozzle at a high pressure 2. The high-pressure fluid injection method according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure fluid is introduced into an accumulator.
A method for injecting a high-pressure fluid, which comprises increasing a gas pressure in a gas chamber of an accumulator. 3. The high-pressure fluid injection method according to claim 2, wherein the high-pressure fluid is introduced into an accumulator.
A method for injecting high-pressure fluid, characterized in that the piston is forcibly moved to reduce the capacity of the gas chamber and increase the internal gas pressure. 4. The high pressure fluid injection method according to claim 1, wherein a valve downstream of the discharge hole is opened when the high pressure fluid is discharged from the accumulator. 5. The high-pressure fluid injection method according to claim 1, wherein when the high-pressure fluid is discharged from the accumulator, the fluid pressure of the high-pressure fluid is reduced. 6. The high-pressure fluid injection method according to claim 1, wherein the gas pressure in the gas chamber that has risen in the accumulator is reduced by the return movement of the piston, and the gas energy is transmitted to the high-pressure fluid side. High pressure fluid injection method. 7. The high-pressure fluid injection method according to claim 1, wherein when the high-pressure fluid reaches the injection nozzle, a vacuum state is generated in the injection nozzle. 8. The high-pressure fluid injection method according to claim 7, wherein the material is drawn into the high-pressure fluid by the generated vacuum state. 9. The high-pressure fluid injection method according to claim 1, wherein the material is any of dry powder, slurry, and solution. 10. A means for increasing a fluid pressure to generate a high-pressure fluid, an accumulator having a high-pressure chamber and a discharge hole for discharging the high-pressure fluid in the high-pressure chamber, and a high-pressure chamber having a nozzle cavity. From the injection nozzle, the injection nozzle having a nozzle body for transferring the high-pressure fluid sent from the nozzle to the nozzle, the injection means for forming the high-pressure injection fluid in the injection nozzle, the mixing means for mixing the material with the high-pressure injection fluid, and the high pressure from the injection nozzle. A high-pressure fluid jetting device comprising means for discharging a mixed material.