JPH08336733A - Machine tool, and working line using this machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To hold sliding mechanism of a machine tool with high rigidity to suppress vibration. CONSTITUTION: A machine tool 10 for controlling multi spindle movement control of a main spindle 18 by using plural sets of sliding mechanisms 14y, 16r and a movable member 16 moved after the sliding mechanisms 14y, 16r, the sliding mechanisms 14y, 16r are set in such positions that the forces F1 , F2 regulated from working reaction and forces W1 , W2 resulted from the gravity of the movable member are added to the sliding mechanisms 14y, 16r without being mutually canceled. Therefore, the force added to the sliding mechanisms is never locally minimized, and the whole sliding mechanism can be held with high rigidity.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool for multi-axis movement control of a spindle using a plurality of sets of slide mechanisms and movable members that move following the slide mechanisms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional machine tool related to this is described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-46647, and its schematic diagram is shown in FIG. The machine tool 1 includes a base mount 2
And a pair of X-axis rails 2r are installed on the upper surface of the base stand 2 in parallel with the processing line. The X-axis rail 2r is provided with an X-axis slider 4s for the X-axis rail 2r.
They are assembled so as to slide along r, and their X-axis sliders 4s are fixed to the lower surface of the saddle 4. This allows the saddle 4 to move in the X-axis direction with respect to the base stand 2. That is, the X-axis rail 2
r and the X-axis slider 4s function as an X-axis slide mechanism.

A pair of Z-axis rails 4r are installed on the upper surface of the saddle 4 at right angles to the processing line. Z
Z-axis sliders 6s are attached to the shaft rails 4r so as to slide along the Z-axis rails 4r, and these Z-axis sliders 6s are fixed to the lower surface of the column 6. As a result, the column 6 is displaced from the saddle 4 by Z
It becomes possible to move in the axial direction. That is, Z-axis rail 4r
And the Z-axis slider 6s function as a Z-axis slide mechanism. Further, the column 6 is provided with an elevating mechanism 6u for elevating the elevating table 8 (moving in the Y-axis direction), and the elevating table 8 horizontally supports a main shaft 8m so as to be rotatable about its axis. There is.

In order to process the work w using the machine tool 1 described above, first, an X-axis slide mechanism is used to move the main shaft 8m together with the saddle 4 and the column 6 by a predetermined amount in the X-axis direction. Then, the vertical movement mechanism 6u moves the main shaft 8m in the Y-axis direction by a predetermined amount, and X
Positioning is performed in the axial and Y-axis directions. In this state, the work w is processed by sending the main shaft 8m together with the column 6 in the Z-axis direction using the Z-axis slide mechanism.

[0005]

Here, the X-axis slide mechanism and the Z-axis slide mechanism are usually provided with rails 2r and 4r and a slider 4s as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 9 (A). , 6s, the ball bearings 9 are attached to the four corners. As a result, the sliders 4s and 6s can be slid smoothly without coming off the rails 2r and 4r. FIG. 9B schematically shows the relationship between the rails 2r and 4r and the sliders 4s and 6s by replacing the ball bearing 9 with a spring. The graph of FIG. 9C shows the slider. The relationship between the force F applied to 4s and 6s and the flexure δ is shown. Since the spring constant A is (∂δ / ∂F) ⁻¹ , as can be seen from the graph in FIG. 9C, the spring constant is large when a large force F is applied to the sliders 4s and 6s in advance. Nari {(∂δ / ∂F) ^-1 _{F = F0} ＞ (∂δ /
∂F) ^-1 _{F = 0} } It turns out that it becomes difficult to bend. That is, the rigidity of the slide mechanism becomes high when a large force F is applied to the slide mechanism.

As shown in FIG. 8, the column 6 supporting the main shaft 8m has a structure in which only the lower surface is supported by the Z-axis slide mechanism, and therefore the processing reaction force F0 applied to the tool 8k.
Serves to rotate the column 6 counterclockwise in the figure.
Therefore, the slider 6s supporting the front of the column 6 is
The front slider (hereinafter referred to as the front slider) receives a force F1 due to the processing reaction force F0 upward. On the other hand, the slider 6s supporting the rear of the column 6 (hereinafter referred to as the rear slider) receives F2 caused by the processing reaction force F0 downward. Further, since the front slider and the rear slider both support the column 6 from below, the weight w of the column 6 etc.
The forces w1 and w2 caused by 0 are received downward.

Therefore, at the position of the front slider, the force F1 resulting from the processing reaction force F0 and the force w1 resulting from the weight w0 of the column 6 and the like cancel each other out, and the total force (( The force of w1 -F1) will be applied. Further, at the position of the rear slider, the force F2 caused by the processing reaction force F0 and the force w2 caused by the weight w0 of the column 6 are added, so that the total force (w2 + F2) is exerted on the rear slider. Will be added. That is, a small force is applied to the front slider, whereas a large force is applied to the rear slider.

As described above, since the rigidity of the slide mechanism increases as the force applied to the slider in advance increases, the rigidity of the rear slider increases and the rigidity of the front slider increases. Will be lower. However, if the slide mechanism has a portion with low rigidity, vibration or the like is likely to occur, and it becomes difficult to perform machining in a state where the machining reaction force F0 is large, that is, to machine a large-diameter hole, and the capacity of the machine tool 1 is reduced. There is a problem. Further, since the machine tool 1 has a structure in which the saddle 4 and the column 6 are installed on the upper surface of the base pedestal 2, if the work w to be machined is placed on the base pedestal 2, the work w is It is necessary to increase the size of the base pedestal 2 by the amount to be placed. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to apply a large amount of force to the entire slide mechanism to keep the rigidity of the slide mechanism in a high state to suppress vibration and the like. It can be installed on the side surface of the base so that the upper surface of the base stand can be effectively used for placing a work or the like.

[0009]

[Means, actions, and effects for solving the problems]

[Means according to Claim 1 for Solving the Problems] The problems described above are solved by a machine tool having the following features. That is, the machine tool according to claim 1 is a machine tool that controls a multi-axis movement of a spindle by using a plurality of sets of a slide mechanism and a movable member that moves following the slide mechanism. And the force caused by the gravity of the movable member are installed at a position where they are applied to the slide mechanism without canceling each other. [Operation of the invention described in claim 1] According to the present invention,
A force caused by the processing reaction force and a force caused by the gravity of the movable member are applied to the slide mechanism without canceling each other. Therefore, the force applied to the slide mechanism is not locally reduced, and the slide mechanism can be maintained with high rigidity. [Effect of the invention described in claim 1] According to the present invention,
Since the slide mechanism can be held with high rigidity, it is possible to suppress vibrations and the like, and it becomes possible to perform machining in the state where the machining reaction force is large, for example, large-diameter hole machining, etc. Up.

[Means according to Claim 2 for Solving the Problem] Further, the machine tool according to Claim 2 is the machine tool according to Claim 1, wherein the slide mechanism is a side surface of a base mount of the machine tool. Is positioned to support the movable member from the side surface. [Operation of the invention described in claim 2] According to the present invention,
The slide mechanism is positioned on the side surface of the base frame of the machine tool and has a structure for supporting the movable member from the side surface. Therefore, it is not necessary to install a movable member or the like on the upper surface of the base stand, and the upper surface of the base stand can be used for another purpose. [Effect of the invention described in claim 2] According to the present invention,
Since the upper surface of the base pedestal is vacant, it becomes possible to position a work or the like, for example, so that the base pedestal of the machine tool can be effectively used.

[Means according to claim 3 for solving the problem] Further, the processing line according to claim 3 is provided with a plurality of machine tools according to claim 2, and the basis of those machine tools. The top surface of the frame is used as a table for supporting the work. [Operation of the invention described in claim 3] In the machining line according to the present invention, since the upper surface of the base mount of the machine tool is used as a table for supporting the work, the work is separated from the machine tool as in the conventional case. There is no need for a mechanism for supporting the. [Effect of the invention described in claim 3] According to the present invention,
Since there is no need for a mechanism for supporting the work separately from the machine tool, the space is reduced accordingly and the processing line can be manufactured compactly.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention and a machining line using the machine tool will be described below with reference to FIGS. Here, FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing the machine tool according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is an overall side view of the machine tool according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line III-III of FIG. Figure 4
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a processing line C using the machine tool according to this embodiment. In the following description, the line feed direction is the X-axis direction, the height direction is the Y-axis direction, and the line width direction is the Z-axis direction.

The machine tool 10 according to the present embodiment is a base frame 1
2 is provided. The base 12 is a base of the machine tool 10, and a table 12u for supporting the work w at a fixed position is formed on the upper surface of the base 12 as shown in FIG. The method of positioning the work w will be described later. Further, a pair of upper and lower X-axis rails 12r are fixed to the side surface of the foundation pedestal 12 in parallel with the feed direction (X-axis direction) of the processing line C, and the vertical saddle 14 is attached to these X-axis rails 12r. The X-axis sliders 14x fixed to the four corners of the surface (left side surface in FIG. 2) are slidably assembled. With this structure, the vertical saddle 14 can be moved in the X-axis direction with respect to the base 12. Further, on the surface of the vertical saddle 14, an X-axis motor 14m for moving the vertical saddle 14 with respect to the base 12 in the X-axis direction by a predetermined distance, a ball screw (not shown), etc. are mounted. That is, the X-axis rail 12r and the X-axis slider 14x function as an X-axis slide mechanism. Further, the vertical saddle 14 functions as a movable member according to the present invention.

Further, the X-axis rail 12 of the foundation mount 12
A protection plate 20 is erected on the upper side of r so that cutting fluid and chips do not scatter in the direction of the X-axis rail 12r, the vertical saddle 14 and the column 16 described later. The structure of the protective plate 20 will be described later. Y-axis sliders 14y are vertically fixed at four corners on the back surface (right side surface in FIG. 2) of the vertical saddle 14, and left and right fixed to the column 16 with respect to these Y-axis sliders 14y. The pair of Y-axis rails 16r are assembled in a slidable manner. With this structure, the column 16 has a vertical saddle 1
4 can be moved in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction). The column 16 is a pedestal having an inverted L-shaped side surface,
The Y-axis rail 16r is fixed to the vertical wall portion. Further, on the back side of the vertical wall portion of the column 16, a Y-axis motor 16m for raising and lowering the column 16 with respect to the vertical saddle 14 and a ball screw (not shown) are mounted. That is, the Y-axis rail 16
The r and Y-axis slider 14y functions as a Y-axis slide mechanism. Further, the column 16 functions as a movable member according to the present invention.

The column 16 has the Y-axis rail 16r.
The upper surface of the vertical saddle 14 is held horizontally while being supported by the vertical saddle 14, and a pair of left and right Z-axis rails 16z are fixed to the horizontal upper surface. Then, the Z-axis rail 16z is attached to the spindle housing 18s.
The Z-axis slider 18z is mounted in a slidable state. The main shaft housing 18s is a cylindrical member that supports the main shaft 18m in a rotatable state around the main shaft, and as shown in FIG. 3, support plates 18b projecting on both sides in the width direction are formed on the upper part thereof. . And the support plate 18b
The Z-axis slider 18z is fixed to the four corners of the lower surface of the.
Here, the support plate 18b and the Z-axis sliders 18z at the four corners
The positions of the Z-axis sliders 18z are the Z-axis rails 16
It is set at a position such that the axis of the main shaft 18m coincides with the center lines of the left and right Z-axis rails 16z when assembled in z. Therefore, the processing reaction force hardly acts on the Z-axis slider 18z and the Z-axis rail 16z.

That is, the Z-axis rail 16z and the Z-axis slider 18z function as a Z-axis slide mechanism. Further, the spindle housing 18s functions as a movable member according to the present invention. Further, below the column 16, the main shaft housing 18s and the main shaft 18m (hereinafter referred to as the main shaft unit 1
8) is mounted on the column 16 in the Z-axis direction by a predetermined distance, a Z-axis motor 16e, a ball screw (not shown), and the like. Further, on the upper surface of the column 16, a tool exchanging device 19c for exchanging a tool 19t attached to the spindle 18m is installed.

FIG. 5 shows a tool 19 for the spindle 18m.
It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the attachment structure of t. The main shaft 18m
The taper hole 118t and the space 118 in order from the tip side.
a, conical surface 118e, through hole 118f, and cylinder portion 1
18s are formed coaxially, and the tapered hole 118t
The shank portion 19s of the tool 19t can be fitted to the. Further, a piston 118p is housed in the cylinder portion 118s in a state of being capable of projecting toward the base end portion side of the main shaft 18m, and a draw bar 118r fixed to the piston 118p is inserted into the through hole 118f to be inserted therein. The tip side projects to the space 118a side. A plurality of grasping claws 118h are connected to the tip of the drawbar 118r protruding toward the space 118a in a petal-like manner so that they can be expanded. Further, in the cylinder portion 118s, a spring 118b is housed around the draw bar 118r and biased in a direction to push the piston 118p from the cylinder portion 118s.

With this structure, if no external force is applied to the piston 118p, the piston 118p is pressed rightward in the figure by the spring force of the spring 118b, and the grip claw 118h is always pulled rightward in the figure by the draw bar 118r. . Therefore, those gripping claws 11
8h is moved toward the center following the conical surface 118e, and the grip claw 118h is closed. Further, the spindle unit 18 is moved to the right in the drawing to move the piston 118p.
Comes into contact with the stopper 16s fixed to the column 16, the piston 118p thereof is pushed leftward in the figure against the spring force of the spring 118b. Therefore, the grip claw 118h is moved to the space 11 by the drawbar 118r.
The gripping claw 118h is expanded by being pushed into the inside of 8a and separated from the conical surface 118e. That is, the spindle unit 18 is moved in the Z-axis direction to move the piston 11
By moving 8p away from or in contact with the stopper 16s, the tool 19t can be attached to or removed from the main shaft 18m. Therefore, as compared with the conventional method in which the drawbar 118r is operated by a hydraulic cylinder or the like, a hydraulic source, hydraulic piping, etc. are not required, so that the equipment configuration is simplified, and the equipment can be made compact and the cost can be reduced. You can

As shown in FIG. 6, a support member 16f is fixed to the front portion of the upper surface of the column 16, and the board 26 is supported by the support member 16f. The board 26 is formed in a square shape, and has a main shaft 18m at its center.
There is formed an opening 26h having a size allowing insertion of the. The board 26 is supported by the support member 16f so that the opening 26h is arranged coaxially with the main shaft 18m.
Further, a bellows 22 of a protection plate 20 attached to the base 12 is connected to the edge of the board 26 from the surroundings. When processing the workpiece w, the tool 19t
6B, the spindle unit 18 is moved forward along the Z-axis rail 16z, and the spindle 18m is inserted into the opening 26h of the board 26, as shown in FIG. 6B. By processing in such a state,
Cutting fluid and chips are not blocked by the bellows 22 and the main shaft 18m and scattered to the side of the vertical saddle 14 or the column 16. Even if the main shaft 18m and the board 26 move in the X-axis and Y-axis directions with respect to the protective plate 20, the bellows 22 is deformed, so that no unreasonable force is applied to the protective plate 20. Conventionally, the tool changing device 19c and the spindle unit 1
A protective plate or the like was horizontally provided between the protective plate 8 and 8, and the door of the protective plate was opened when the tool was replaced. However, since the protective plate 20 according to the present embodiment does not have the door as described above, the actuator for opening and closing the door is not required, and the cost can be reduced.

The table 12u of the base 12 is
As shown in FIG. 7, a positioning mechanism 32 for positioning the work w and a clamp mechanism 34 for clamping the positioned work w are provided. The workpiece w is formed with a positive positioning hole wm on the surface opposite to the main shaft 18m, and a sub-positioning hole ws is formed on the surface on the main shaft 18m side. The positive knock pin 32p of the positioning mechanism 32 is inserted in the positive positioning hole wm of the work w in the axial direction. Further, the diamond pin 36 attached to the main shaft 18m is inserted into the sub-positioning hole ws from the axial direction. Then, the clamp mechanism 34 operates while the work w is positioned by the positive knock pin 32p and the diamond pin 36, and the work w is positioned at a predetermined position. When the work w is processed, the diamond pin 36 is pulled out from the auxiliary positioning hole ws of the work w, the diamond pin 36 is removed from the main shaft 18m, and the tool 19t is attached instead. In this way, the work w is carried out by the diamond pin 36 attached to the spindle 18m.
Since the sub-positioning hole ws of can be positioned, the work w
Even if the type is different, it can be easily dealt with by simply changing the position of the spindle 18m according to the type of the work w. Therefore, it is not necessary to specially install the X, Y, Z moving mechanism of the diamond pin 36.

Next, the operation of the machine tool 10 according to the present embodiment and the machining line C using the machine tool 10 will be described. The processing line C is equipped with four machine tools 10, and these machine tools 10 are, as shown in FIG.
It is installed in a state of being arranged in a horizontal row according to the processing steps of the work w. Then, the work w can be sequentially moved from the table 12u of the first machine tool to the table 12u of the fourth machine tool 10 by a transport mechanism (not shown).

When the work w is carried by the carrying mechanism and placed on the table 12u of the machine tool 10, the positioning mechanism 32 operates and the positive knock pin 32p is inserted into the positive positioning hole wm of the work w. . Further, when the Z-axis motor 16e of the machine tool 10 operates, the spindle unit 18 moves backward (moves to the right in FIG. 2) following the Z-axis rail 16z on the column 16, and the piston 118p of the spindle unit 18 moves to the column. By contacting the 16 stoppers 16s, the grip claw 118h of the main shaft 18m expands. In this state, the shank portion of the diamond pin 36 is inserted into the spindle 18m, and the Z-axis motor 16e is actuated to move the spindle unit 18 forward on the Z-axis rail 16z (see FIG. 2).
When the piston 118p moves away from the stopper 16s, the grip claw 118h is closed and the diamond pin 36 is fixed to the main shaft 18m.

Next, when the X-axis motor 14m is operated, the vertical saddle 14 is moved by a predetermined distance following the X-axis rail 12r of the base 12 and the Y-axis motor 16m is operated to vertically move the column 16. By moving up and down by a predetermined amount with respect to the saddle 14, the axis of the diamond pin 36 fixed to the main shaft 18m is aligned with the center of the auxiliary positioning hole ws of the work w. Then, in this state, the Z-axis motor 1
The diamond pin 36 is inserted into the auxiliary positioning hole ws of the work w by the operation of 6e and the forward movement of the main spindle unit 18. In this way, the work w has the positive knock pin 3
When positioned by the 2p and the diamond pin 36, the clamp mechanism 34 operates and the work w is moved to the table 12
It is positioned at a predetermined position on u.

Next, the spindle unit 18 is retracted, the diamond pin 36 is pulled out from the auxiliary positioning hole ws of the work w, and the piston 118p of the spindle 18m abuts the stopper 16s to open the grasping claw 118h.
The diamond pin 36 is removed from the main shaft 18m. Then, the tool 19t required for machining is transferred from the tool changer 19c to the spindle 1
It is attached to 8m. The tool 19 for the spindle 18m
As in the case of the diamond pin 36, the main shaft unit 18 is moved forward and the piston 118p is locked by the stopper 16s.
Automatically by moving away from.

When the tool 19t is fixed to the spindle 18m in this manner, the X-axis motor 14m, the Y-axis motor 16m and the Z-axis motor 16e are actuated to position the tool 19t attached to the spindle 18m and the workpiece w. Is processed. In addition, as described above, the spindle 18m is connected to the board 26
Since the machining is performed while being inserted into the opening 26h, the cutting fluid and the chips are not blocked by the bellows 22 and the main shaft 18m, and are not scattered to the side of the vertical saddle 14 or the column 16. FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing a machine tool 10 according to the present embodiment, in which Y of a Y-axis slide mechanism is machined during machining of a work w.
The state of the force applied to the shaft slider 14y is shown. Since the column 16 is supported on the side surface of the vertical saddle 14 as shown in the drawing, the processing reaction force F0 applied to the tool 19t acts to rotate the column 16 clockwise in the drawing. Therefore, the Y supporting the upper part of the column 16 is
The shaft slider 14y (hereinafter referred to as the upper slider) receives a force F1 resulting from the processing reaction force F0 in the right direction. On the other hand, the Y-axis slider 14y (hereinafter referred to as the lower slider) that supports the lower portion of the column 16 receives F2 caused by the processing reaction force F0 leftward.

Furthermore, since the weight w0 of the column 16 also works to rotate the column 16 clockwise in the figure,
The upper slider receives a force w1 to the right due to the weight w0 of the column 16 thereof. On the other hand, the lower slider receives the force w2 due to the weight w0 of the column 16 leftward. Therefore, the processing reaction force F is applied to the upper slider.
The force F1 caused by 0 and the force w1 caused by the weight w0 of the column 16 are added to the right in a state of being added. Similarly, the force F2 caused by the processing reaction force F0 and the force w2 caused by the weight w0 of the column 16 are applied to the lower slider in the leftward direction. Therefore, Y
A large force is applied to the shaft slide mechanism as a whole, and the rigidity is increased.

This relationship is similarly established in the X-axis slide mechanism. Further, as described above, since the axis of the tool 19t and the center line of the Z-axis rail 16z coincide with each other, no force due to the processing reaction force F0 is applied to the Z-axis slide mechanism. As described above, the slide mechanism, which is affected by the force caused by the processing reaction force F0, has high rigidity due to the force caused by the processing reaction force F0. For this reason, it is possible to suppress vibrations and the like during machining, and it is possible to favorably carry out machining even when the machining reaction force F0 is large. As a result, the capacity of the machine tool is improved.

Further, the X-axis slide mechanism has a base 12
Since the structure is positioned on the side surface of and supports the vertical saddle 14 from the side surface, the upper surface of the base 12 can be used as a table 12u for supporting the work. Therefore, unlike the conventional case, a mechanism for supporting the work separately from the machine tool 10 is not required, and the machining line C can be manufactured compactly by that amount.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an overall side view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line III-III in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an overall perspective view of a processing line using a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view showing a structure of a spindle of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side view showing an upper front portion of a column of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a method of positioning a work.

FIG. 8 is a side view schematically showing a conventional machine tool.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a general structure and characteristics of a slide mechanism.

[Explanation of symbols]

 C processing line w work 10 machine tool 12 foundation stand 12u table 12r X-axis rail (slide mechanism) 14x X-axis slider (slide mechanism) 14 vertical saddle (movable member) 14y Y-axis slider (slide mechanism) 16r Y Shaft rail (slide mechanism) 16 Column (movable member) 16z Z-axis rail (slide mechanism) 18z Z-axis slider (slide mechanism) 18 Spindle unit 18m Spindle 18s Spindle housing (movable member)

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A machine tool for controlling a multi-axis movement of a main spindle by using a plurality of sets of a slide mechanism and a movable member that moves following the slide mechanism, wherein the slide mechanism comprises a force caused by a processing reaction force, and A machine tool characterized in that it is installed at a position where the force of the movable member caused by the gravity is applied to the slide mechanism without canceling each other out. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the slide mechanism is positioned on a side surface of a base mount of the machine tool, and supports the movable member from the side surface. 3. A machining line comprising a plurality of machine tools according to claim 2, wherein an upper surface of a base stand of these machine tools is used as a table for supporting a work.