JPH08334523A - Speed indicator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a speed indicator for showing a specified speed and an actual speed in details even without arranging a plurality of LEDs. CONSTITUTION: A solenoid valve 22 is turned off by a needle control arithmetic operation 40 until auto cruising drive is activated and a double shaft is rotated by a speed signal based on the actual speed of a vehicle in which the speed indicator is installed. Therefore, since an outer shaft 17 of the double shaft is connected to a clutch 21 of an inner shaft 13, it overlaps a needle 11b for actual speed and a needle 15 for specified speed and hence rotates on the speed scale of a dial 11a. Then, when an auto cruising drive is set, the solenoid valve 22 is turned on by the needle control operation 40, the needle 15 for auto cruising stops pointing to a speed scale when auto cruising has been set, and at the same time, the needle 11b for actual speed rotates based on the rotation of an inner shaft 13.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a speed indicator, and more particularly to a speed indicator capable of indicating a constant speed running and an actual speed by a pointer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a constant speed traveling system mounted on an automobile is used for automatically traveling on a highway or the like without performing an accelerator operation.

In such a constant speed traveling system,
For example, it is performed by operating the auto cruise setting switch after confirming that the vehicle is traveling at the desired speed with the pointer of the speedometer.After setting the auto cruise speed, this set speed and the actual speed are Compared,
The opening of the slot valve of the engine is automatically controlled according to the comparison result, and the vehicle travels so as to maintain the auto cruise speed which is the set speed.

For example, an actual flat plate 4-10205 shown in FIG.
In the publication No. 9, along the dial row 11a of the dial of the speedometer 11 of the combination meter 1, L
An ED (in this example, referred to as an indicator) 31 is provided with a set speed display 3 in which the speed is set to a constant speed (5 km / h), and the actual speed is set to the puncture scale of the pointer 11b for the actual speed.
By turning on the indicator 31 corresponding to the set auto-cruise speed, the driver is informed of the difference between the actual speed and the auto-cruise speed, and the vehicle is automatically driven.

[0005]

However, in the above-described constant speed traveling system, a plurality of LEDs are arranged on the scale row of the speedometer, and the LEDs are lit to notify the auto cruise set speed. However, there is a limit to the resolution of the set speed, and there is a problem that the auto cruise speed cannot be set, for example, every 1 km / h.

Further, since a plurality of LEDs are arranged along the scale of the speedometer, there is a problem that the meter becomes expensive.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to obtain a speed indicator capable of finely displaying a constant speed and an actual speed without disposing a plurality of LEDs.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a dial having radial speed graduations arranged at regular intervals is connected to each dial with a pointer so as to be rotatable and detachable.
When the display is based on the actual speed, the double shaft provided at the radial center of the speed scale is connected to rotate either axis with a control amount proportional to the actual speed, and When traveling at high speed, a control unit for engaging and disengaging one of the shafts with the other shaft is provided.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the double shaft comprises an inner shaft and an outer shaft, the inner shaft is provided with a pointer for actual speed at the tip, and the outer shaft is held near the rear end, and the outer shaft is The outer shaft is connected to the control unit with a meshing part that meshes the rear end, the outer shaft is provided with a pointer for constant speed at the front end, and the rear end is a meshing part that is opposite to the meshing surface of the meshing part of the inner shaft. The inner surface of the inner shaft is pivotally attached so as to be vertically movable between the tip of the inner shaft and the meshing portion.

According to a third aspect of the invention, the outer shaft is provided with a step portion at the center thereof for vertically moving the outer shaft along the inner shaft by being pressed.

In a fourth aspect of the present invention, the stepped portion has a trumpet shape in which the diameter becomes smaller toward the rear end side of the outer shaft.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the outer shaft of the double shaft is surrounded by
A marker row indicating a unit rotation angle is engraved.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the control unit is connected to the rear end of the inner shaft of the double shaft, and the drive unit rotates the inner shaft with a control amount proportional to the input speed signal. A rod is brought into contact with the stepped portion in accordance with the output of the operation instruction, and is raised.
While the operation command is stopped, the speed signal obtained based on the pulse train from the speed sensor is output to the drive unit until the constant speed running and the step upper and lower parts that separate the rod from the step, Further, when the vehicle is driven at a constant speed, it is provided with a pointer control calculation unit that continues to output operation instructions to the upper and lower portions of the step.

According to a seventh aspect of the invention, when the constant speed traveling is released, the control unit rotates one of the shafts to the current rotation angle of the other shaft and then connects both shafts. is there.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, the control unit emits a double-axis outer-axis light beam and outputs the reflected light of the light beam as a light-receiving signal of the marker array, and the constant-speed traveling is released. Then, the present rotation angle of the outer shaft is obtained based on the light reception signal, a speed signal for matching the inner shaft with the rotation angle is generated and output to the drive unit, and then the output of the operation instruction is stopped. And a pointer control calculation unit.

[0016]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the display is based on the actual speed, the double shaft provided at the radial center of the dial on which the speed scales are radially arranged at regular intervals is connected to each other. Since that axis is rotated by a control amount proportional to the actual speed, both axes overlap and move along the speed scale of the dial.

Further, when the vehicle is traveling at a constant speed, the double shaft is disengaged, so that the connection between both shafts is released.
Therefore, the other axis is left behind on the dial, and the pointer of either axis indicates the actual speed on the speed scale.

In the second aspect of the invention, when the control section moves the outer shaft upward, the outer shaft is vertically movable between the meshing portion and the actual speed pointer provided at the tip of the inner shaft. The inner shaft and the outer shaft are disengaged from each other because the rear end of the outer shaft is a mating surface that is opposite to the meshing surface of the meshing portion of the inner shaft. Further, when the outer shaft is moved downward when the rotation angles of both shafts are matched, the rear end of the outer shaft and the meshing portion of the inner shaft are meshed with each other.

In the third invention, since the step portion for vertical movement is provided in the central portion of the outer shaft, the outer shaft can be moved up and down by this step portion.

According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since the stepped portion has a trumpet shape in which the diameter becomes narrower toward the rear end side of the outer shaft, when the inclined surface of the trumpet shape is pressed, the outer shaft is depressed. Is raised along the inner axis.

In the fifth aspect of the invention, the current rotation angle is informed by the marker row indicating the unit rotation angle stamped around the outer shaft.

In the sixth invention, when an operation instruction is given to the upper and lower portions of the step portion, the rod comes into contact with the step portion and is pushed up by the upper and lower portions of the step portion, and the inner shaft and the outer shaft are engaged. When the rod is removed and the operation instruction is stopped, the rod is separated from the step.

In the seventh aspect of the invention, when the constant speed traveling is released, one of the shafts is rotated up to the current rotation angle of the other shaft, and the hands of both shafts are overlapped. After that, when the two shafts are connected, the other shaft is rotated in accordance with the rotation of one of the shafts, and the two hands are overlapped to indicate the scale on the dial.

According to the eighth invention, in the case of the double axis in which the marker row indicating the unit angle is engraved around the outer axis, the marker row is optically read, and the current marker row is read based on this marker row. The rotational position of the outer shaft is required. Then, up to this rotation position, a speed signal for rotating the inner shaft is generated and output to the drive unit, and then an operation instruction signal is output to the upper and lower portions of the step portion to separate the rod from the step portion.

[0025]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 11, 11a and 11b are the same as those in FIG. 12 is a double shaft. Double shaft 12 is inner shaft 13
And an outer shaft 17, an upper portion of the inner shaft 13 is connected to a pointer 11b for actual speed, the outer shaft 17 is slidably attached to the inner shaft 13, and a tip for constant speed is attached to the tip. 15 (hereinafter, referred to as a pointer 15 for auto cruise) is connected, and a portion near the center is a trumpet-shaped portion 19 having a step. Further, on the surface below the trumpet-shaped portion 19,
A marker string that indicates 360 degrees with 8 bits is engraved. That is, it is possible to detect every 1 to 3 times.

Further, a clutch 21 is provided at a predetermined position on the rear end of the inner shaft 13, and the rear end surface of the outer shaft 17 is also clutch-shaped.

Reference numeral 20 is a drive unit. The drive unit 20 is connected to the lowermost portion of the inner shaft 13 of the double shaft 12, and is a control amount that rotates the inner shaft 13 by a control amount that is proportional to the speed signal when the speed signal is output.

Reference numeral 22 is an electromagnetic valve. Electromagnetic valve 22
Are provided in the vicinity of the inclined surface of the trumpet-shaped portion 19 of the double shaft 12 with a predetermined interval, and move the rod in and out based on the valve on / off signal.

Reference numeral 24 is an optical system section. The optical system section 24 is
The reference light source 25, the slit 27, the condenser lens 29, the line sensor 31 (CCD), the amplifier 33, the I / F 35, the marker array of the trumpet-shaped portion 19, and the like, and the light from the reference light source 25 is condensed by the slit 8. The marker of the trumpet-shaped portion 19 is radiated via the lens 29 and the like, and the reflected light is received by the line sensor 31, amplified by the amplifier 33 and output, and waveform-shaped by the I / F 35 and output.

Further, the window of the slit 27 is formed into a shape (rectangular shape) at least so that the marker row of the trumpet-shaped portion 19 per 1.3 degrees is exposed to light, and is condensed by the condenser lens. . That is, the double shaft 12 and the optical system unit 2
An optical encoder is constituted by 4 and.

35 is an auto cruise SET switch, 3
Reference numeral 7 denotes an auto-cruise RESET switch, which is connected to each I / F 39. The I / F 39 shapes the signal to be input when the switch is pressed and informs the switch type.

Reference numeral 40 is a pointer control calculation unit. The pointer control calculation unit 40 includes at least programs such as an actual speed calculation unit 40a, an automatic cruise determination unit 40b, an electromagnetic valve ON / OFF unit 40c, a speed signal output control unit 40d, and an automatic cruise speed calculation unit 40e, and the ignition is turned on. Then, each means is put into operation.

The actual speed calculating means 40a inputs the vehicle speed signal detected by the speed sensor through the I / F 46, obtains the current actual speed on the basis of the number of pulses of the vehicle speed signal per predetermined time, and calculates the actual speed. It is output to the speed signal output control means 40d as a speed signal.

The automatic cruise determination means 40b is an I / F
An auto-cruise SET signal (hereinafter simply referred to as a SET signal) or an auto-cruise RESET signal (hereinafter simply referred to as a RESET signal) is input from 39, and when the SET signal is input, the SET signal is input to the electromagnetic valve ON / OFF means 40c. And the fact that the SET state is set is stored. Further, when the RESET signal is input, after confirming that the RESET signal is set, the automatic cruise speed calculation means 40e is notified that the RESET signal is input.

The electromagnetic valve ON / OFF means 40c outputs an electromagnetic valve ON signal to the electromagnetic valve 22 via the output circuit 42 when the SET signal is input from the automatic cruise determination means 40b, and also the automatic cruise control signal is sent. When the speed determination means 40e notifies that the auto-cruise speed has been calculated, the electromagnetic valve OFF signal is output to the electromagnetic valve 22 via the output circuit 42.

When the auto-cruise speed calculating means 40e is notified by the auto-cruise determining means 40b that the RESET signal is input, the reference light source 25 of the optical system section 24 is turned on, and the I / F 35 of the optical system section is turned on. Based on the code signal, the current rotation angle of the outer shaft 17 is calculated and stored, and a speed signal for rotating the inner shaft 13 at the calculated rotation angle is created and output to the speed signal output control means 40d.

That is, the speed amount for rotating the pointer 11b for actual speed is calculated after the rotation angle of the pointer 15 for automatic cruise is calculated.

The speed signal output control means 40d outputs the speed signal from the actual speed calculation means 40a to the drive section 20 until the current position of the pointer 15 for auto cruise is obtained.
The electromagnetic valve ON / OFF means 40c turns on the electromagnetic valve 22 and sets the automatic cruise speed setting mode. When the automatic cruise speed calculating means 40e informs that the current position of the pointer 15 for automatic cruise is obtained, only the speed signal from the automatic cruise speed calculating means 40e is output to the drive unit 20.

Further, in this example, the drive unit 20 to the pointer control calculation unit 40 are collectively referred to as a control unit.

The operation of the speed indicator constructed as above will be described below. FIG. 2 is a flow chart for explaining the operation of the pointer control calculation unit of the embodiment. 3 and 4 are explanatory views for explaining the operation of the speed indicator of the embodiment.

For example, the auto cruise SET switch 3
5 and the auto-cruise RESET switch 37 (collectively referred to as auto-cruise switch) are not operated, during normal traveling, the electromagnetic valve 22 is turned off, and the actual speed is output to the drive unit 20. There is. The state of the double shaft 12 at this time is the rod 2 of the electromagnetic valve 22.
3 is not output, the outer shaft 17 is the clutch 2 of the inner shaft 13.
It is connected to 1.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3A, since the inner shaft 13 and the outer shaft 17 are connected and move, the pointer 11b for the actual speed and the pointer 15 for the auto-cruise overlap. Will move on the dial 11a, and the speedometer 11 will display a normal actual speed.

Then, the automatic cruise determination means 40b of the pointer control calculation 40 determines whether or not the operation of the automatic cruise switch is performed as shown in FIG. 2 (S201).

In such a case, for example, when the driver operates the auto cruise switch, the operation content is judged (S203), and in the case of the auto cruise SET,
The electromagnetic valve ON / OFF means 40c outputs an electromagnetic valve ON signal to the electromagnetic valve 22 (S205) to enter the auto cruise speed setting mode (S207).

As a result, as shown in FIG.
Since the rod is ejected from the electromagnetic valve 22 toward the inclined surface of the trumpet-shaped portion 19 of the double shaft 12, an upward force is exerted on the trumpet-shaped portion 19 and the outer shaft 17 acts on the inner shaft 13.
Since the outer shaft 17 and the inner shaft 13 are disengaged from each other, the pointer 15 for auto-cruise is left behind as shown in FIG. 3B. At this time,
Since the actual speed signal is output to the drive unit 20, for example, in the case of a slope or the like, the auto-cruise speed is different from the actual speed as shown in FIG. 3B. Further, when the vehicle is traveling on a flat road, the actual speed and the auto-cruise speed match, so the display is as shown in FIG.

That is, the driver is informed of the auto cruise set speed and the actual speed.

Further, when the auto-cruise determining means 40b determines in step S203 that the auto-cruise speed is RESET, it is determined whether the auto-cruise speed is set (S209). When the auto-cruise speed is set, Auto-cruise speed calculation means 40e
Turns on the reference light source 25 of the optical system unit, and
Based on the code signal from / F35, the present angle of the pointer 15 for auto-cruise is obtained and stored, and when this angle is obtained, the fact that the present position of the pointer 15 for auto-cruise is obtained is output as a speed signal. At the same time as notifying the control means 40d, a speed signal for driving the pointer 11b to the obtained current position is created and output to the speed signal output control means 40d (S211).

Next, when the speed signal output control means 40d is notified by the auto cruise speed calculation means 40e that the current position of the pointer 15 for auto cruise has been obtained, the actual speed signal of the actual speed calculation means 40a is sent. The output is stopped (S213), and the pointer 15 for the automatic cruise obtained by the automatic cruise speed calculating means 40e is used as the pointer 1 for the actual speed.
A speed signal that matches 1b is output to the drive unit 20 (S
215).

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4A, the inner shaft 13 is moved by the drive unit 20 so that the pointer 11b for the actual speed is carried to the pointer 15 for the automatic cruise.

The electromagnetic valve ON / OFF means 40
c is a pointer 15 for auto cruise and a pointer 1 for actual speed
When the speed signal output control means notifies that the output of the speed signal matched with 1b is completed, the electromagnetic valve 22
Is turned off (S217).

When the electromagnetic valve 22 is turned off, the rod retracts, and the clutch 21 and the lower surface of the trumpet-shaped portion 19 are connected to each other. Therefore, as shown in FIG. Rotate on the dial.

Next, when the electromagnetic valve 22 is turned off, the speed signal output control means 40d outputs only the actual speed signal from the actual speed calculation means 40a to the drive section 20 (S21).
7).

That is, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the state of FIG. 3 (a) is obtained, and only the speedometer is displayed.

Therefore, it is possible to inform the driver of the auto-cruise speed and the actual speed without disposing a plurality of LEDs along the scale.

The trumpet-shaped portion 19 is provided at the center of the double shaft.
However, since it suffices that the outer shaft can be raised and lowered, the trumpet-shaped portion 19 is not provided,
Alternatively, the tip of the outer shaft may be pushed up or down, or if the outer shaft 17 is thick, a recess may be provided and this recess may be pushed up or down. Instead of the shape portion 19, a flange (generally referred to as a collar portion) may be used.

Further, in the above embodiment, during the auto cruise, the outer shaft 17 is lowered along the inner shaft and the clutch 2
However, conversely, the tip of the inner shaft may be a holding clutch type so that the outer shaft 17 can be engaged and disengaged.

Further, according to the above embodiment, the rotation position of the outer shaft (the pointer position for auto-cruise) is set by the optical system section.
However, it is possible to detect the rotational position of the outer shaft (the pointer position for auto-cruise) by providing the outer shaft 17 with a projection row and counting the projection row without depending on the optical system section. You may

Further, although the pointer 11b for actual speed is provided at the tip of the inner shaft 13, the pointer 11 for actual speed is provided at the tip of the outer shaft 17.
b is provided, and the pointer 1 for auto-cruise is provided at the tip of the inner shaft 13.
5 may be provided.

[0059]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when the display is based on the actual speed, the double shafts are connected and rotated based on the actual speed, and the two hands are overlapped. Instruct the scale of the dial corresponding to the actual speed, and when driving at a constant speed, disengage the other shaft from one of the shafts so that the pointer of the other shaft is left on the dial. Therefore, the effect that the actual speed and the speed of constant speed traveling can be indicated by the pointer even if the LED is not provided in the speed indicator is obtained.

Further, since the LED is not provided, the cost of the device is low, and the scale corresponding to the constant speed is indicated by the pointer, so that the constant speed can be known in detail.

Further, since one of the pointers indicates the actual speed and the constant speed set by the other pointer, the effect that the difference between the actual speed and the set constant speed can be understood in detail is obtained.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the outer shaft is moved upward, the outer shaft is pivotally mounted between the meshing portion and the actual speed pointer provided at the tip of the inner shaft. At the same time, since the rear end of the outer shaft is a meshing surface that is opposite to the meshing surface of the meshing portion of the inner shaft, it is possible to easily engage and disengage the inner shaft and the outer shaft. There is.

Further, when the outer shaft is moved downward when the rotation angles of both shafts are matched, the rear end of the outer shaft and the meshing portion of the inner shaft mesh with each other. The effect that it can be rotated based on the actual speed by superimposing it on the pointer for constant speed is obtained.

According to the third invention, since the step portion for vertical movement is provided in the central portion of the outer shaft, it is preferable to move the outer shaft up and down by this step portion. The effect is that the shaft is not damaged.

According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since the step portion has a trumpet shape in which the diameter becomes smaller toward the rear end side of the outer shaft, the inclined surface of the trumpet shape is horizontally pressed by a rod or the like. As a result, the effect that the inner shaft and the outer shaft can be engaged and disengaged is obtained.

According to the fifth aspect of the invention, since the marker row indicating the unit rotation angle is engraved around the outer shaft, the marker row can be read without using a member for angle detection on the outer shaft. By doing so, it is possible to accurately inform the current rotation angle of the outer shaft.

According to the sixth aspect of the invention, the stepped upper and lower portions are provided near the stepped portion, and when traveling at a constant speed, the rod is pushed out from the stepped upper and lower portions and the stepped portion is pushed up to move the inner shaft and the outer shaft. By engaging and disengaging the rod and moving the rod away from the step during actual speed running, the actual speed display does not contact the double shaft, so the effect of being able to display an accurate actual speed is Has been obtained.

According to the seventh aspect of the invention, when the constant speed running is released, either axis is rotated up to the current rotation angle of the other axis, so that the pointers of both axes are overlapped. Since both shafts are connected later, the rotation of one of the shafts causes the other shaft to rotate, and the pointers overlap to indicate the scale on the dial. The effect that it can be used as a display is obtained.

According to the eighth invention, in the case of the double axis in which the marker row indicating the unit angle is engraved around the outer axis, the marker row is optically read and the current outer axis is based on this marker row. After obtaining the rotation position of the shaft and creating a speed signal to rotate the inner shaft to this rotation position and outputting it to the drive unit, output an operation instruction signal to the upper and lower parts of the step part to move the rod from the step part. By separating them, there is an effect that the pointers of both shafts can be accurately overlapped and rotated without affecting the double shaft.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a pointer control calculation according to the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating operations of the speed indicator and the dual shaft according to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating operations of the speed indicator and the dual shaft according to the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional speed indicator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 combination meter 11 speedometer 11a dial, 11b pointer for actual speed 31 indicator 12 double shaft 13 inner shaft 15 pointer for auto-cruise 17 outer shaft 19 trumpet 20 drive unit 22 electromagnetic valve 24 optical system unit 35 auto Cruise SET switch 37 Auto cruise RESET switch 40 Pointer control calculation 40a Actual speed calculation means 40b Auto cruise determination means 40c Electromagnetic valve ON / OFF means 40d Speed signal output control means 40e Auto cruise speed calculation means

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A dial provided with speed graduations arranged at regular intervals in a radial pattern, and a dial provided at the radial center of the speed graduation, which are rotatably and disengageably connected to each other with pointers. When the display is based on the heavy shaft portion and the actual speed, the connection is performed, and any one of the shafts is rotated by a control amount proportional to the actual speed. A speed indicator having a control unit for engaging and disengaging another axis from the other axis. 2. The double shaft comprises an inner shaft and an outer shaft, the inner shaft having a pointer for an actual speed at a tip thereof, holding the outer shaft near a rear end thereof, and the rear shaft of the outer shaft. The outer shaft is connected to the control unit with a meshing part that meshes the ends, the outer shaft is provided with a pointer for constant speed at the tip, and the rear end is opposite to the meshing surface of the meshing part of the inner shaft. The speed indicator according to claim 1, wherein the speed indicator is a meshing surface, and is axially mounted between the tip of the inner shaft and the meshing portion so as to be vertically movable. 3. A step portion for moving the outer shaft up and down along the inner shaft by being pressed is provided in a central portion of the outer shaft. 2 speed indicator. 4. The speed indicator according to claim 3, wherein the stepped portion has a trumpet shape in which a diameter is reduced toward a rear end side of the outer shaft. 5. The speed indicator according to claim 1, wherein a marker row indicating a unit rotation angle is engraved around the outer axis of the double axis. 6. The drive unit is connected to the rear end of the inner shaft of the double shaft, and rotates the inner shaft with a control amount proportional to an input speed signal. A rod is provided in contact with the stepped portion in accordance with the output of the operation instruction to raise the rod, and while the operation instruction is stopped, the stepped portion upper and lower portions that separate the rod from the stepped portion, and the constant speed traveling. Until, the speed signal obtained based on the pulse train from the speed sensor is output to the drive unit,
5. The speed indicator according to claim 1, further comprising a pointer control calculation unit that continuously outputs the operation instruction to the upper and lower portions of the step portion when the vehicle is driven at a constant speed. 7. The control unit, when constant-speed traveling is released, rotates either of the shafts to a current rotation angle of the other shaft, and then connects the both shafts. The speed indicator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. 8. The control unit emits a light beam of the outer axis of the double axis and outputs reflected light of the light beam as a light reception signal of the marker array, and the constant speed traveling When released, the present rotation angle of the outer shaft is obtained based on the light receiving signal, and a speed signal for matching the inner shaft with the rotation angle is created and output to the drive unit, The speed indicator according to claim 7, further comprising a pointer control calculation unit that stops outputting an operation instruction.