JPH08323226A - Excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To enable the excavation not only by the operation on a vertical surface but also by the operation on an oblique or horizontal surface, to perform cylindrical excavation while adjusting the height of an excavation mechanism and drawing concentric circles, to easily perform the cutting of roots of a tree or the excavation of a sewerage tunnel, to enable the left and right oscillating operation of the excavation mechanism and to shorten excavation work. CONSTITUTION: An excavator consists of a running vehicle 1, the attaching base 10 attached to the proper place of the running vehicle 1 so as to be freely oscillated, the lift frame 20 attached to the attaching base 10 in a freely liftable manner, the revolving stand 30 attached to the lift frame 20 so as to be freely rotated around a horizontal axis and the excavation mechanism E having buckets 43 attached to the revolving stand 30. By this constitution, the excavation mechanism E can be raised and lowered or turned left and right or rotated and the excavator is moved in an arbitrary direction while these operations are combined to perform excavation work.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to excavators. More specifically, it relates to an excavator suitable for root cutting of trees and excavation of a sewer tunnel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Excavators excavate and transport soil.
It is mainly composed of a known excavation mechanism and a traveling vehicle.
In general, the excavation mechanism has a boom pivotally mounted on the front surface of a traveling vehicle, a boom cylinder for hoisting the boom, and an arm pivotally mounted on the tip of the boom for pivoting the base. The arm cylinder includes an arm cylinder that raises and lowers the arm, a bucket pivotally attached to the tip of the arm, and a bucket cylinder that scrapes the bucket. Then, the boom hoisting motion due to the expansion and contraction of the boom cylinder, the arm hoisting motion due to the expansion and contraction of the arm cylinder, the bucket hoisting motion due to the expansion and contraction of the bucket cylinder, and the combination of these operations make it possible to freely perform the excavation operation in the vertical plane. Yes, the soil can be excavated from top to bottom. Further, the bucket can be moved to the height of the soil to be excavated by adjusting the undulation of the boom and the undulation of the arm. Further, excavation work can be performed by changing the direction of the traveling vehicle or moving the traveling vehicle to move the excavation mechanism.

[0003]

However, the conventional excavator has a problem that it can excavate in a vertical plane, but cannot perform excavation in an inclined plane or a horizontal plane. Was difficult. Moreover, in the conventional excavator, since the excavation mechanism is fixed to the traveling vehicle, the boom, the arm, and the bucket are separated from each other.
A considerable amount of skill was required for the excavation work, in which the undulating motions of the two members were combined to form a concentric circle with respect to the central axis of the tunnel, and the cylinder was dug. Therefore, it was not easy to excavate a sewage tunnel.

Further, in the tree root cutting work, it is necessary to excavate the periphery of the tree and separate the tree from the ground so as not to damage the tree root. Nonetheless, since only vertical downward excavation was possible, there was a lot of useless excavation, and it was necessary to excavate a large amount of soil to separate the trees from the ground.

In view of such circumstances, the present invention enables not only the operation in the vertical plane but also the excavation operation in the slope and the horizontal plane, and the height of the excavation mechanism is adjusted to excavate in a cylindrical shape while drawing concentric circles. It is an object of the present invention to provide an excavator that facilitates such operations and thus facilitates root cutting of trees and excavation of sewage tunnels.

[0006]

An excavator according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises a traveling vehicle, a mounting base mounted at an appropriate position on the traveling vehicle, and an elevating frame mounted on the mounting base so as to be able to move up and down. It is characterized by comprising a swivel mounted on the lifting frame so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis, and an excavation mechanism having a bucket mounted on the swivel. An excavator according to a second aspect of the invention is characterized in that the mounting base is swingably mounted on a traveling vehicle in a horizontal plane.

[0007]

According to the excavator of the first aspect of the invention, since the swivel base can be swung to tilt the excavation mechanism obliquely or horizontally, it is necessary to excavate the soil obliquely or excavate the soil horizontally. You can easily cut roots of trees and dig while drawing concentric circles. Moreover, since the excavation mechanism is moved up and down by raising and lowering the elevating frame, it is possible to easily excavate the sewer tunnel by aligning the base point with the central axis of the tunnel.

According to the excavator of the second aspect of the present invention, since the excavation mechanism can be directed to the left and right, excavation work can be performed in any direction only by the excavation operation that combines the movements of the boom, arm, and bucket. it can. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the time for changing the direction of the traveling vehicle and moving the vehicle.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a plan view of an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a left side view of the excavator of the same embodiment, FIG. 3 is a front view of an elevating mechanism, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of an elevating mechanism. 5 is a left side view of the rotating mechanism, FIG. 6 is a plan view of the left and right swinging mechanism, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a known excavating mechanism.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the excavator according to the present embodiment has a traveling vehicle 1 and a mounting base 10 pivotally mounted on a front surface of the traveling vehicle 1 by a pin 4 so as to swing right and left. A known lifting frame 20 is mounted on the mounting base 10 so as to be lifted and lowered, a swivel base 30 is mounted on the lifting frame 20 so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis, and a bucket 43 is mounted on the swivel base 30. It consists of an excavation mechanism E. In the present embodiment, the traveling vehicle 1 is of the crawler type and has a low ground contact pressure so that work can be performed on soft ground or rough terrain, but it may be of the running wheel type.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the mounting base 1 is
Reference numeral 0 denotes a mounting base plate 17, a pair of right and left roller mounting members 12 that are vertically erected, a connecting beam 16 that supports a lower portion of the roller mounting member 12, a reinforcing member 11 of the roller mounting member 12, and a mounting base front. And a plate 14. The roller mounting member 12 is provided with upper and lower rollers 13 at the upper tip and the central portion, respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a vehicle-side bracket 2 is joined to the front surface of the traveling vehicle 1 and is fixed to the mounting base plate 17 of the mounting base 10.
Is pivotally attached to the vehicle-side bracket 2 by a pin 4 so as to be swingable in a horizontal plane. In order to perform this swinging operation, a turning stay 5 is fixed to a bracket 6 of a mounting base 10, and a hydraulic cylinder 3 is provided with a pin 8 and a pin 9 between the tip of the stay 5 and an appropriate position of the traveling vehicle 1. It is pivotally attached so that it can expand and contract. With this arrangement, the hydraulic cylinder 3 attached to the traveling vehicle 1 is expanded and contracted to move the excavation mechanism E to the pin 4 in the horizontal plane.
It is possible to make a swing motion with the fulcrum as a fulcrum. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the time required to change the direction of the traveling vehicle or move the traveling vehicle.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the elevating frame 20 includes a pair of guide rails 21 made of grooved steel having vertical groove portions facing each other vertically so that the elevating frame 20 can be moved up and down with respect to the mounting base 10. A connecting beam 23 for supporting the guide rail 21 and guide rail back plates 22a, 22
b and 22c. The upper and lower rollers 13 roll in the groove of the guide rail 21 so that the roller mounting member 12 moves up and down. A hydraulic cylinder 24 for raising and lowering the elevating frame 20 is attached, a cylinder tube 25 of the hydraulic cylinder 24 is attached to the elevating frame 20, and a piston rod 26 is attached to the mounting base 10. Therefore, when the hydraulic cylinder 24 is expanded and contracted, the elevating frame 20 moves up and down.

As shown in FIGS. 4 to 5, the swivel base 27 is fixed to the guide rail back plates 22a and 22b, and the swivel base 30 is rotatable about a horizontal axis via a swivel bearing 28. Is attached to. The swivel base 30 has a ring gear 33 formed on the outer periphery thereof, and the pinion 31 is a ring gear 33 of the swivel base 30.
It is arranged so as to mesh with. The swing motor 32 that rotates the pinion 31 is attached to a boom attachment stay 40 that is joined to the swivel base 30. Therefore, when the turning motor 32 is driven, the pinion 31 rotates, and the pinion 31 moves along the ring gear 33 formed on the outer periphery of the turning table 30, so that the turning table 30
Rotates around the horizontal axis. That is, the pinion 31 revolves around the outer periphery of the swivel base 30 while rotating on its axis. Therefore, the excavation mechanism E can rotate around the horizontal axis with respect to the elevating frame 20 together with the swivel base 30. In addition,
A ring gear 33 may be formed on the inner circumference of the swivel base 30, and the pinion 10 may be arranged so as to mesh with the ring gear 33. Further, when the rotation axes of the swivel base 33 and the pinion 31 are orthogonal to each other, the pinion 31 may be a worm gear type.

The excavation mechanism E attached to the front surface of the swivel base 30 is known, and as shown in FIG. 7, a boom mounting stay 40 fixed to the swivel base 30 and the boom mounting stay 40 are attached. A boom 41 pivotally attached to the boom, an arm 42 pivotally attached to the tip of the boom 41, and a bucket 43 is pivotally attached to the tip of the arm 42. And boom 4
A boom cylinder 44 for undulating 2 is pivotally attached to the boom attachment stay 40 on the cylinder tube side and to the boom 41 on the piston rod side. An arm cylinder 45 for hoisting the arm 42 is pivotally attached to the boom 41 on the cylinder tube side and pivotally attached to the arm 42 on the piston rod side. And bucket 4
A bucket cylinder 46 for scraping the 3 is pivotally attached to the arm 42 on the cylinder tube side and to the bucket 43 on the piston rod side.

In this way, the excavation mechanism E is operated by the swivel base 30.
The excavation mechanism E can be rotated about the horizontal axis, which was conventionally mounted only on the vertical surface. Therefore, the excavator E can be tilted to perform an oblique scraping operation, and further, a scraping operation on a horizontal plane. By utilizing the rotating mechanism of the excavator of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the conventional useless excavation portion and expect to shorten the excavation work time.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Unlike the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the excavator of this embodiment has a main body mounting stay 7 attached to a mounting base plate 17 of a mounting base 10 as shown in FIG. It is attached with two pins. In such an example of a simple structure, it is not possible to perform a swinging motion to the left and right, but there is an advantage that the production cost can be reduced because it can be easily assembled.

Next, two different excavation works by the excavator of the present invention will be described as an example. FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of tree root cutting work by the excavator of the present invention, FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of sewer tunnel excavation work by the excavator of the present invention, and FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of bucket trajectories in the sewer tunnel excavation work. Is.

As shown in FIG. 9, in order to carry out root cutting work on the tree, first, as shown by a symbol V, near the surface of the ground, the bucket 43 is directed downward as in the conventional case and the periphery of the tree is slightly dug. deep. Next, after excavating to some extent, the turning motor 32 is driven to incline the bucket 43 as indicated by the symbol D to advance excavation below the tree.
Then, the turning motor 32 is further driven to horizontally excavate the bucket 43 in the horizontal direction as indicated by the symbol H,
Finally, separate the tree from the ground. Since a series of these operations can be performed, it is possible to reduce a wasteful excavation portion and shorten the excavation work time.

Further, as shown in FIG. 10, in the sewage tunnel excavation work, the excavator proceeds while excavating the soil. That is, it is necessary to determine the center of the tunnel and open a hollow cavity in the sewer tunnel excavation work. As shown in FIG. 2, by raising and lowering the raising / lowering frame 20 with respect to the traveling vehicle 1, the turning axis of the excavation mechanism E can be aligned with the height of the center M of the sewage tunnel to be excavated as shown in FIG. it can. In this way, after setting the excavation mechanism E at the center M of the sewage tunnel, as shown in FIG. 11, the swing motor 32 is driven to excavate the bucket 43 by continuously changing the angle in the range of 360 degrees vertically and horizontally. By doing so, it is possible to excavate while maintaining a constant radius, so that it is possible to excavate a tunnel while drawing concentric circles like the excavation trajectory N. Further, the height of the soil to be excavated is adjusted by using the raising and lowering operation of the elevating frame 20, the rotating operation of the excavating mechanism E by the turning motor 32, and the left and right swinging operation by the hydraulic cylinder 3 in combination. The width adjustment can be performed more easily. As a result, the width for correcting the traveling direction of the excavator can be suppressed as much as possible.

[0021]

According to the present invention, it is possible to excavate not only in a vertical plane but also in a slope or a horizontal plane, and adjust the height of the excavation mechanism to draw concentric circles. It enables to excavate in a tree and to easily excavate tree roots and sewage tunnels. Further, it is possible to direct the excavation mechanism to the left and right, and it is possible to change the direction of the traveling vehicle and shorten the traveling time of the traveling vehicle.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the excavator of the same embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a lifting mechanism.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a lifting mechanism.

FIG. 5 is a left side view of the rotating mechanism.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a left and right swing mechanism.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a known excavation mechanism E.

FIG. 8 is a left side view of a connecting portion according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an illustration of tree root cutting work by the excavator of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanation of a sewer tunnel excavation work by the excavator of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an illustration of a sewage tunnel excavation work by the excavator of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Traveling Vehicle 4 Pin 10 Mounting Base 12 Roller Mounting Material 13 Vertical Roller 17 Mounting Base Plate 20 Lifting Frame 21 Guide Rail 24 Cylinder 27 Swiveling Base 30 Swiveling Base 32 Swinging Motor 43 Bucket E Excavation Mechanism M Central Axis of Excavation Mechanism N Excavation Perimeter Trajectory

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A traveling vehicle, a mounting base attached to a proper position of the traveling vehicle, an elevating frame attached to the attaching base so as to be vertically movable, and a rotatably attached to the elevating frame about a horizontal axis. An excavator comprising a swivel base and an excavation mechanism having a bucket attached to the swivel base. 2. The excavator according to claim 1, wherein the mounting base is mounted on a traveling vehicle so as to be swingable in a horizontal plane.