JPH08313309A - Discriminating method for banking collapse detection signal and its device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To discriminate correct information by collapse from erroneous information except the collapse, and to measure and monitor always with high precision by classifying an event occurrence number per unit time into plural steps referring to the maximum event occurrence number within a certain time, and conducting histogram treatment so as to compare with a normal distribution characteristic. CONSTITUTION: An AE wave signal detected by the AE sensor of an AE detection rod is inputted to an operation control portion 35 from an input terminal 16, the signals of a certain level (a threshold by the maximum even number per each even) or more are detected 17 as the events, and event occurrence number is counted for a predetermined time, for instant, for one second by a counter 18. Assigning the largest number out of the occurrence numbers for one second to 100%, the occurrence numbers are classified into plural steps, for instance, ten steps by a dividing circuit 20, are histogram-treated 23, and are compared with the data of a characteristic (a normal distribution characteristic) at a banking collapse time previously stored in a ROM 25 so as to discriminate 24 information whether the correct information by a banking collapse or the erroneous information by a factor except the banking collapse (for instance, train moving).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention accurately distinguishes between correct information and erroneous information when detecting collapse or deformation of a long embankment such as a railroad, road, or runway using AE waves. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for identifying an embankment collapse detection signal used for ensuring safety by capturing only a real disaster.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Since railway lines are laid on the embankment, it is extremely important to constantly detect collapse and deformation of the embankment in order to ensure safe train operation. However, conventionally, in order to constantly detect collapse and deformation of the embankment,
The current situation is that manual monitoring is performed and preventive measurement and collapse detection of unspecified points on the slope of the embankment are not systematized by equipment.

The manual method has limitations in terms of time and monitoring range. However, as a method for detecting a slope failure such as a general landslide or ground failure, a method using an Invar wire (Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-9247) and an AE direct detection method using the AE sensor 10 (see FIG. 62-
No. 83685), an AE indirect detection method using the AE measuring rod 16 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-23719), other methods (not shown), such as a method for detecting a local bending or a break in an optical fiber, a method using a water pipe inclinometer, Many methods have been proposed so far, including a method using an underground displacement sensor that detects the deformation of a pipe buried in the ground as strain.

Among these conventional methods, the AE direct detection method shown in FIG. 9 directly detects a sound (AE (acoustic emission) wave, that is, a minute elastic wave) when a solid is deformed or destroyed by an AE sensor 10 (PZT). By the method of detecting, a hole is made in the measurement ground 15, the waveguide 11 made of a reinforcing rod is embedded, the cement milk 14 is filled, and the sound due to the deformation of the ground 15 is generated by the AE sensors 10 at both ends of the waveguide 11, the cement milk. 14 is directly transmitted to the waveguide 11, and the AE sensor 10 at the end
Is converted into an electric signal and output.

[0005]

Generally, in order to constantly measure and monitor the slope of the embankment, malfunctions due to factors other than collapse must be avoided as much as possible. From this point, the underground burying type by direct detection by AE is more advantageous than the surface grounding type as in the method using the Invar wire. However, the detection information analysis method can be divided into two types: AE event processing and original waveform analysis. However, at this stage, these two methods are incomplete in distinguishing between the embankment information and other misinformation, especially the signal when the train is running and the signal when the embankment collapses.
There was a problem that the train stop signal might be output unnecessarily, or it might not be output at the time of important collapse.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus capable of discriminating between incorrect information due to factors other than the collapse of the embankment (for example, train running) and correct information due to the collapse of the embankment, and enabling accurate and constant measurement and monitoring.

[0007]

According to the present invention, the AE wave generated in the embankment is detected by an AE detection rod 21 embedded in the embankment, and the collapse of the embankment is detected by the detection signal. The number of event occurrences per unit time is sequentially counted based on the detection signal, and it is classified into multiple stages based on the maximum number of event occurrences within a certain time. Whether the histogram-processed data is a normal distribution characteristic In addition to determining whether or not, the data counted as the number of event occurrences for each unit time, the integrated value of this data, and the data after histogram processing are represented as a graph. It is a method of identification.

[0008]

The signal of the AE wave detected by the AE detection rod 21 is sent to the arithmetic control section 35 and subjected to histogram processing. When the train is running, people are running, the ground is changing, or it is raining, the signal of the embankment collapse is not output because it has no normal distribution characteristics. When the shoulder collapses, the number of unit events is large and they occur almost continuously. In the case of this shoulder collapse, the middle frequency is the most frequent and gradually decreases as the% increases, and also decreases as the% decreases, which is a normal distribution characteristic. Will output.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 shows the railway track 3 using the AE detection rod 21.
The case where collapse in the embankment 32 of 0 is detected is shown. The railroad track 30 is usually constructed by cutting open the ground 15, embankment 32, and further laying crushed stones 31 on a flat portion.

An elongated AE detection rod 21 is embedded in the embankment 32 in parallel with the railroad track 30. Embankment 32
When burying in the ground, the embankment 32 to be measured is dug up, a hole is opened at the measurement point in some cases, and the AE detection rod 21
Cement milk 14, mountain sand, etc. are filled around to improve compatibility with the embankment 32. This AE detection rod 21
Is a direct detection type that has high measurement accuracy of an event by an AE wave and can be used in a place with a long distance and directly detects the AE wave. One to several AE detection rods 21 are embedded in the measured site of the embankment 32 at a predetermined depth and at a predetermined interval. In addition, when the embankment 32 is also formed on the cliff side, the AE may be applied to the embankment 32 as necessary.
The detection rod 21 is embedded.

An AE sensor 10 is attached to each of the AE detection rods 21 at one end or both ends, and in some cases in the middle thereof. A cable 28 of the AE sensor 10 is connected to an arithmetic control unit 35. It When the cable 28 becomes long, several stages of amplifiers and other repeaters are interposed if necessary. Operation control unit 3
5, a commercial power source may be used as a power source for the AE sensor 10, the relay, or the like, or may be supplied from the solar cell 34. On the output side of the arithmetic and control unit 35, a light emitting device 37, an alarm device,
Output unit 3 for outputting to notification devices such as display devices and control rooms
6 is connected.

When collapse or displacement occurs in the embankment 32 in this state, various sounds (A
E) is directly detected by the AE detection rod 21, propagates as a waveguide using the AE detection rod 21, and is sent to the AE sensor 10. The AE sensor 10 converts the signal into an electric signal and sends it to the arithmetic control unit 35. This arithmetic control unit 35
Then, if it is judged that the signal is due to the collapse of the embankment 32, the light emitting device 3
7. Actuating an alarm device such as an alarm device and a display device, and outputting the alarm device to the control room or the like via the output unit 36.

Next, the embankment 32 for laying the railway track 30
In this case, the circuit shown in FIG. 1 is used for the arithmetic and control unit 35 in order to discriminate the signal due to the collapse of the embankment 32 and the other noise sources. In FIG. 1, 16 is the A
The event input terminal from the AE sensor 10 of the E detection rod 21 is the event input terminal 16.
It is connected to the. The arithmetic control unit 35 is connected to the event detection circuit 17 that detects, from the input signal from the event input terminal 16, an event that is equal to or higher than a certain level (a threshold value based on the maximum number of events for each event). At the output side of the event detection circuit 17, the number of events generated per unit time, for example, 1 second, is sampled by a time signal from the sampling time input terminal 19 for a sampling period, for example 60 seconds.
The counter 18 is connected to a counter 18 that sequentially counts seconds, and the output side of the counter 18 is divided into 10 stages in 10% increments, for example, the largest number of events occurring in 60 seconds is 100% in descending order of the number of events occurring. Circuit 20,
It is connected to an integrating circuit 26 that sequentially integrates the total number of events that have occurred.

A RAM 22 for sequentially storing event data is connected to the dividing circuit 20, and a histogram for obtaining the relationship between the event occurrence frequency and the slice level set by dividing into a plurality of stages in descending order of the number of event occurrences. The processing circuit 23 is connected. The histogram processing circuit 23 and the integrating circuit 26 are connected to the display unit 27. Further, the histogram processing circuit 23 is connected to the discrimination circuit 24 and is connected to the discrimination circuit 24 which compares the data of the ROM 25 stored in advance and discriminates whether or not the data of the histogram processing circuit 23 has a normal distribution. 24 is connected to the display unit 27, the output unit 36, and the light emitter 37.

Next, in order to perform a sound collection experiment on the shoulder collapse and noise of the embankment 32, the embankment 32 as shown in FIG. 2 was formed,
The AE detection rod 21 was embedded in the inner upper stage. More specifically, the height of the embankment 32 is 4 m and the ground 15 is 1.0
m: 0.6m in a staircase shape, and embankment 32 is applied to the side surface. The embankment 32 is 1.0 m horizontally at the top and the slope of the slope is 1: 0.5. So that collapse is likely to occur,
Sand sand 45 was spread diagonally from the middle of the upper surface. Also, the AE detection rod 21 is 0.25 m inward from the shoulder.
It was buried at a position 0.5m from the top. On the slope of the embankment 32, a restraining panel 46 was applied to prevent collapse.

[0016] Next, as noises, a train running, a person running, a ground change (excavation by a backhoe, for example), and a rainfall were taken as examples, and measurement confirmation was performed in each case. And compared with the time of the collapse of the shoulder.

During Train Travel The signal of the AE wave during train travel detected by the AE sensor 10 of the AE detection rod 21 is sent from the event input terminal 16 to the arithmetic and control unit 35. In the arithmetic control unit 35, the event detection circuit 17 detects a signal of a certain level or higher as an event, and the counter 18 counts the number of event occurrences for a predetermined time, for example, one second. The data at this time and the data integrated by the integration circuit 26 are displayed on the display unit 27 as shown in FIG.
It is displayed as in (a).

In FIG. 5 (a), the train approaches 0 to about 4 until the train approaches the position where the AE detection rod 21 is buried.
Up to 0 seconds, a slight pre-seismic event occurs every few seconds. From about 40 seconds to about 50 seconds, a large number of events occur and the train is actually passing through, and after passing the train, events as slight aftershocks occur. It can be seen from the integration characteristics in FIG. 5 (a) that the sharp rising portion is when the train passes. The data of these counters 18 is transferred to the RA through the dividing circuit 20 for a fixed time, for example, 60 seconds.
The division circuit 2 is sequentially stored in M22, and the case of 13 times with the maximum number of event occurrences per second is set as 100%.
0 is classified into a plurality of stages, for example, 10 stages.

The dividing circuit 20 is classified into 10 stages as shown in FIG. 5B, and based on this, the histogram processing circuit 23.
The histogram processing is performed by. When this is expressed as a graph, most of the frequencies are 0% to 10% as shown in FIG. 5C, and the others are extremely small. The histogram-processed data is compared with the data (normal distribution characteristic) of the ROM 25 stored in advance as the characteristic at the time of embankment collapse by the discrimination circuit 24 to discriminate whether or not the embankment collapse. In the case of passing the train, since it does not have the normal distribution characteristic, it is not output to the output unit 36 and the light emitting device 37. It should be noted that it is desirable to store the event for the histogram processing as short as possible before and after the train passage time in order to promptly notify the alarm when an actual disaster occurs.

When a person is running The signal of the AE wave when the person is running, which is detected by the AE sensor 10 of the AE detection rod 21, is sent from the event input terminal 16 to the arithmetic control section 35, and the number of events generated per second is detected. The data and the data integrated by the integration circuit 26 are displayed on the display unit 27 as shown in FIG. In FIG. 6A, when a person is running, the difference in vertical movement of the number of unit event occurrences is significant. Further, the integrated characteristic in FIG. 6A also has a stepwise shape.

The dividing circuit 20 classifies into 10 stages as shown in FIG. 6B, and based on this, the histogram processing circuit 23.
The histogram processing is performed by. When this is expressed as a graph, most of the frequencies are 0% to 10% as shown in FIG. 6C, and the others are extremely small. Since the histogram-processed data of the person running is also not a normal distribution characteristic, it is not output to the output unit 36 and the light emitting device 37.

At the time of ground change (excavation by a backhoe, for example) The signal of the AE wave at the time of ground change detected by the AE sensor 10 of the AE detection rod 21 is sent from the event input terminal 16 to the arithmetic control unit 35 for 1 second. The data of the number of event occurrences and the data accumulated by the integrating circuit 26 are displayed on the display unit 27 as shown in FIG. In FIG. 7A, when the ground changes, the difference in the vertical movement of the unit event occurrence number is more remarkable than when the person runs. In addition, the integrated characteristic in FIG. 7A also has a clearer staircase shape.

The dividing circuit 20 classifies into 10 stages as shown in FIG. 7B, and based on this, the histogram processing circuit 23.
The histogram processing is performed by. When this is expressed as a graph, most of the frequencies are 0% to 10% as shown in FIG. 7C, and the others are extremely small. Since the histogram-processed data at the time of ground change also does not have the normal distribution characteristic, it is not output to the output unit 36 and the light emitter 37.

During Rainfall The signal of the AE wave during rain detected by the AE sensor 10 of the AE detection rod 21 is sent from the event input terminal 16 to the arithmetic and control unit 35 and the data of the number of event occurrences per second and the integrating circuit. The data accumulated in 26 is displayed on the display unit 27 as shown in FIG. In FIG. 8A, the number of unit event occurrences occurs substantially continuously during rainfall, but is extremely small, at a fraction of at most, compared to the three examples.

The dividing circuit 20 classifies into 10 stages as shown in FIG. 8B, and based on this, the histogram processing circuit 23.
The histogram processing is performed by. When this is expressed as a graph, most of the frequencies are from 0% to 40% as shown in FIG. 8C, and the others are extremely small. Since the histogram-processed data at the time of rainfall also does not have the normal distribution characteristic, it is not output to the output unit 36 and the light emitter 37.

At the time of collapse of the shoulder in FIG. 2, in order to artificially make the shoulder collapse, the embankment 32 was excavated, the slope restraining panel 46 was removed, and water was sprayed to the top end. Then, disintegration occurred about 10 minutes after watering. The form and shape of the collapse are as follows. Skin peeling was observed everywhere on the surface of the slope, and one clod finally slid off at once. During this time, it was 1-2 minutes, and the movement of the collapsed clod took place for a few seconds. By restarting watering after this collapse, the AE detection rod 21
It was observed that the slope side was exposed, and then the collapse of the soil on the back surface was intermittently flowing.

With the collapse as described above, the AE detection rod 2
The signal of the AE wave detected by the AE sensor 10 of No. 1 is sent from the event input terminal 16 to the arithmetic control unit 35, and the data of the number of event occurrences per second and the data integrated by the integrating circuit 26 are displayed on the display unit 27. Is displayed as shown in FIG. In FIG. 4A, the number of unit events is large when the shoulder is collapsing, and the number of unit events is substantially continuous, and it is hardly seen that the number of unit events is as small as 0% to 30%. Also, FIG.
The integrated characteristic in (a) increases substantially linearly.

The dividing circuit 20 classifies into 10 stages as shown in FIG. 4B, and based on this, the histogram processing circuit 23.
The histogram processing is performed by. When this is expressed as a graph, the frequency is the most from 60% to 70% as shown in FIG. 4C, gradually decreases as the% increases, and also decreases when the% decreases.
The histogram-processed data is compared with the data of the ROM 25 stored in advance as the characteristics at the time of embankment collapse in the discrimination circuit 24 to discriminate whether or not the embankment collapses. Since the histogram-processed data at the time of this shoulder collapse can be said to have a normal distribution characteristic, the signal indicating the embankment collapse is the discriminating circuit 2.
4 and outputs to the output unit 36 and the light emitter 37.

The above data is for the AE measuring rod 2
Although it is based on the output from the AE sensor 10 at one end of 0, the provision of the AE sensors 10 at both ends of the AE measuring rod 20 causes a time lag in the output waveform. You can know the location of the collapse.

[0030]

【The invention's effect】

(1) In the present invention, the detection signal is counted as the number of event occurrences per unit time, and the data at this time is classified into a plurality of stages with 100% being the maximum number of event occurrences within a certain time, and histogram processing is performed. Since it is determined whether or not the embankment collapses based on whether the collected data has a normal distribution characteristic, incorrect information due to factors other than the embankment collapse (such as train running) and correct information due to the embankment collapse can be identified, and accuracy can be determined. It is possible to constantly measure and monitor. (2) Since the AE detection rod 21 detects the AE wave as it is, it can be used as it is for embankment for laying a long railway track or the like. (3) The arithmetic control unit 35 includes the counter 18 and the division circuit 2.
0, the histogram processing circuit 23, and the discrimination circuit 24 are provided, so that the signal when the train is running and the signal when the embankment is collapsed can be clearly discriminated, and the train stop signal is output unnecessarily or the essential collapse is generated. Sometimes it does not output.

(4) AE detection rod 21 and arithmetic control unit 3
By providing the solar cell 34 as a power source for operating the No. 5, it is possible to constantly monitor unpredictable disasters.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method and apparatus for identifying an embankment collapse detection signal according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 AE detection rod 21 for embankment 32 collapse experiment
It is an explanatory view of the embedding position and collapse of the embankment 32.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a method and apparatus for identifying a bank collapse detection signal according to the present invention.

4A and 4B are characteristic diagrams when the shoulder collapses, where FIG. 4A is a characteristic diagram of the number of event occurrences per unit time and an integrated value, FIG. 4B is a distribution diagram of the frequency of event occurrences, and FIG. 4C is a histogram diagram. Is.

FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram when a train is running, (a) is a characteristic diagram of the number of event occurrences per unit time and an integrated value, (b) is a distribution diagram of the frequency of event occurrences, and (c) is a histogram diagram. is there.

6A and 6B are characteristic diagrams when a person is running, where FIG. 6A is a characteristic diagram of the number of event occurrences per unit time and an integrated value, FIG. 6B is a distribution diagram of the frequency of event occurrences, and FIG. 6C is a histogram diagram. Is.

FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram at the time of ground change (excavation by a backhoe as an example), where (a) is a characteristic diagram of the number of event occurrences per unit time and an integrated value, and (b) is a distribution diagram of event occurrence frequency.
(C) is a histogram diagram.

8A and 8B are characteristic diagrams of rainfall, wherein FIG. 8A is a characteristic diagram of the number of event occurrences per unit time and an integrated value, FIG. 8B is a distribution diagram of the frequency of event occurrences, and FIG. 8C is a histogram diagram. .

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a landslide detection device using a conventional AE direct detection method.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 ... AE sensor, 11 ... Waveguide, 14 ... Cement milk, 15 ... Ground, 16 ... Event input terminal, 1
7 ... Event detection circuit, 18 ... Counter, 19 ... Sampling time input terminal, 20 ... Dividing circuit, 21 ... AE detection rod, 22 ... RAM, 23 ... Histogram processing circuit,
24 ... Judgment circuit, 25 ... ROM, 26 ... Accumulation circuit, 27
... Display section, 28 ... Cable, 30 ... Railroad track, 31 ... Crushed stone, 32 ... Embankment, 34 ... Solar cell, 35 ... Arithmetic control section,
36 ... Output part, 37 ... Light emitting device, 44 ... Collapse, 45 ... Mountain sand, 46 ... Restraint panel.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A method in which an AE wave generated in the embankment is detected by an AE detection rod 21 embedded in the embankment, and the collapse of the embankment is detected by this detection signal, which is above a certain level. The number of event occurrences per unit time is sequentially counted based on the signal, and it is classified into multiple stages based on the maximum number of event occurrences within a certain time. Whether the histogram-processed data has a normal distribution characteristic or not A method for identifying an embankment collapse detection signal, which is characterized in that 2. A method in which an AE wave generated in the embankment is detected by an AE detection rod 21 embedded in the embankment and the collapse of the embankment is detected by this detection signal. The number of event occurrences is sequentially counted, and it is classified into multiple stages based on the maximum number of event occurrences within a certain period of time, and whether the histogram processed data is a normal distribution characteristic is used to determine whether it is an embankment collapse and the unit A method for identifying an embankment collapse detection signal, characterized in that data counted as the number of event occurrences per hour, an integrated value of this data, and data after histogram processing are represented as a graph. 3. An AE detection rod 21 embedded in an embankment detects an AE wave generated in the embankment, and the device for detecting the collapse of the embankment by the detection signal.
The detection rod 21 is connected to the arithmetic control unit 35, and the arithmetic control unit 35 sequentially counts the number of event occurrences per unit time based on the detection signal of the AE detection rod 21.
A division circuit 20 connected to the output side of the counter 18 and divided into a plurality of stages in descending order of the number of event occurrences; a histogram processing circuit 23 connected to the division circuit 20 for obtaining the relationship between frequency and slice level; An apparatus for identifying an embankment collapse detection signal, which is connected to the histogram processing circuit 23 and includes a determination circuit 24 for determining whether the data of the histogram processing circuit 23 has a normal distribution. 4. An AE detection rod 21 embedded in an embankment detects an AE wave generated in the embankment, and the device for detecting the collapse of the embankment by the detection signal.
The detection rod 21 is connected to the arithmetic control unit 35, and the arithmetic control unit 35 detects an event above a certain level based on the detection signal of the AE detection rod 21.
7 is connected to the output side of the event detection circuit 17,
Counter 1 that sequentially counts the number of event occurrences per unit time
8 and a dividing circuit 20 connected to this counter 18 for dividing the event occurrence frequency into a plurality of stages to set the slice level, and a dividing circuit 20 connected to the dividing circuit 20 to obtain the relationship between the event occurrence frequency and the slice level. Histogram processing circuit 23, and connected to the histogram processing circuit 23, and compared with the data previously stored in the ROM 25,
And a discrimination circuit 24 for discriminating whether or not the data of the histogram processing circuit 23 has a normal distribution.
An apparatus for identifying an embankment collapse detection signal, characterized in that the output section 36 for outputting an alarm signal is connected to the. 5. The embankment collapse detection signal identifying device according to claim 3, further comprising a solar battery as a power source for operating the AE detection rod and the arithmetic control unit.