JPH08272288A - Simulation angular-range-of-view apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a simulation angular-range-of-view apparatus capable of displaying the simulated angular-range-of-view videos of rain and clouds having the feel of reality with simple means by providing the video generator of the simulation angular-range-of-view apparatus with a rain and cloud generation control section combined with a pattern memory. CONSTITUTION: This simulation angular-range-of-view apparatus has at least a map database memory device 20, a host computer 1, the image generator 18 and a display device 19. The apparatus has the image generator 18 equipped with a plane generation control section 15 which generates plane data, a light point generation control section 16, a texture generation section 7, a visibility control section 8, the rain and cloud generation control section 9 which generates rain and cloud data by reading rain and cloud patterns out of the pattern memory 10 and an image synthesizing section 17 which synthesizes respective sets of the data. The apparatus generates >=1 rain and clouds in required positions by the rain and cloud patterns from the pattern memory 10 for inputting the data to the rain and cloud generation control section 9 and simulates the rainfall environment or the rain and clouds.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a simulated visual field apparatus (simulator) for training represented by a simulated visual field apparatus for flight training (flight simulator), and more particularly to a simulated visual field apparatus improved for rain cloud generation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Due to various problems such as importance of human life, safety, and cost reduction, simulated field-of-view devices have been used in the training, operation training, and emergency training of aircraft, ships, automobiles, etc. is there. The image displayed by this simulated field-of-view device is, for example, the position, attitude, and pilot of the aircraft that was assumed in the training, such as the runway, scenery, buildings, etc. that appear outside the cockpit when the aircraft is actually operated. The relationship between the eye position information and the visual object information such as runway and building data that was created in advance is used to draw the image using a computer, and it is the same as the actual visual field change. It is displayed on the screen at a speed, and uses a technique of how to display the image displayed on the screen outside the cockpit in a state close to reality.

FIG. 8 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional simulated field-of-view device (hereinafter, a simulated flight-field device for flight training will be described as an example), and its operation will be described. In FIG. 8, 32 is a map database storage device for storing a large amount of topographical data such as shapes and positions of runways, buildings, roads, etc., positions of lights such as aviation lights and street lights according to the purpose of the simulated visibility device, and 31 is An image generator is a training device that performs calculations based on flight motion parameters such as assumed position and attitude data of an airplane and settings based on scene selection information, and reads the corresponding data from the database stored in the map database storage device 32. Host computer for transfer to 33, 34
Is an operation unit for selecting scenes such as weather, daytime, nighttime, etc., and performing scene selection operation on the host computer 31.
Reference numeral 5 is a display device for displaying the image of the simulated visual field output from the image generating device 33, 36 is a plane generation control unit for generating image data of the surface forming the simulated visual field image, and 37 is a surface forming the simulated visual field image. The light point generation control unit 38 for generating light point data indicating the size, brightness, and color of the light emitting point of the, 38 is a texture (pattern) on the image data of the surface generated by the plane generation control unit 36, for example, on a runway or road The texture generation unit 39 generates texture data for adding the control data and the rain cloud data to the image data of the surface generated by the plane generation control unit 36, for example, for changing the visibility of the entire simulated visual field image due to fog generation. And a visibility control unit 40 for generating a multiplier 41, an adder 42, a D / A
The image synthesizing unit which is composed of the converter 43 and which multiplies and adds the respective data and outputs as an analog signal is shown.

The operation of the conventional simulated vision device will be described. Based on the pilot's operation on the training cockpit (not shown) of the training apparatus and the setting operation of the operation unit 34, the assumed position and attitude data of the airplane, scene selection information, etc. are input to the host computer 31.
The host computer 31 performs calculation based on flight motion parameters such as input assumed position and attitude data of the airplane and scene setting based on scene selection information, reads a database suitable for pilot operation from the map database storage device 32, and displays an image. The data is transferred to the plane generation control unit 36, the light point generation control unit 37, the texture generation unit 38, and the visibility control unit 39 included in the generation device 33. The plane generation control unit 36 generates image data of the planes forming the simulated visual field image based on the input database, and outputs the generated image data to the multiplier 41 of the image synthesizing unit 40.

The light point generation control unit 37 generates light point data indicating the size, brightness, and emission color of the light emitting point of the surface forming the simulated visual field image based on the input database, and the generated light point data Is output to the adder 42 of the image synthesizing unit 40. Texture generator 3
The reference numeral 8 generates texture data of the surface forming the simulated visual field image based on the input database, and outputs the generated texture data to the multiplier 41 of the image synthesizing unit 40.

Based on the input database, the visibility control unit 39 converts the image data of the surfaces forming the simulated visual field image into
The control data for changing the visibility of the entire simulated visual field image is generated, and the generated visibility control data is output to the multiplier 41 of the image synthesizing unit 40. Further, when displaying the simulated view image of the rain cloud based on the input database, the visibility control unit 39 generates a circular pattern as the visibility control data of the entire simulated view image, and the generated circular pattern is imaged. It is output to the multiplier 41 of the combining unit 40.

The image synthesizing unit 40 inputs the video data from the plane generation control unit 36, the texture data from the texture generation unit 38, and the visibility control unit 3 which are input to the multiplier 41.
The image data to which the visibility control data from 9 is added, the texture is added, the visibility is controlled, and the rain cloud is added is output to the adder 42. The adder 42 adds the light point data input from the light point generation control unit 37 to the input video data, and outputs the assumed position and attitude data of the airplane piloted by the pilot and the video data of the selected scene. , D / A converter 43. The D / A converter 43 converts the input video data, which has been subjected to processing such as control, multiplication, and addition, as digital data into an analog signal and outputs the analog signal to the display device 35. The display device 35 displays the assumed position and attitude data of the airplane operated by the pilot and the image of the selected scene.

In the above description of the operation of the simulated field-of-view device, it has been explained that the light points and textures provided in the image generation device 33 and the visibility control all operate at the same time. Of course, there are additions and controls that do not. It should be noted that as a prior art related to the simulated field of view device is disclosed, "visual system for flight simulator"
(Shibuya, Amemiya et al .: Announced December 17, 1990, Technical Report of the Television Society).

[0009]

In the simulated field-of-view device, it is necessary that the image of the simulated field of view displayed on the display device should be as close to reality as possible to display a realistic image. The rain clouds generated by the circular pattern that were generated and controlled by the visibility control unit of the conventional simulated field of view can be seen as rain clouds, but the shape of the circular pattern is not realistic and is not realistic. It was However, displaying the cloud particles from a pure scientific point of view and using the means for controlling the movement of the cloud particles requires a huge amount of calculation by a computer, and the image must be generated and displayed in real time. It will not be suitable for a simulated field of view device. The present invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a rain cloud generation control unit combined with a pattern memory is provided in the image generator of the simulated field of view device, and a simulated field of view device capable of displaying a realistic simulated field image of a rain cloud by a simple means is provided. The purpose is to

[0010]

In order to achieve the above object, a simulated field-of-view device of the present invention comprises a map database storage device in which at least topographical data of the shape and position of an object, light point data and the like are stored. , The parameters required for image generation are calculated based on the assumed position of the device for training the operation and the operation based on the simulated visual field and the posture data of the device for the training for the operation and the operation, and the result of the operation and the selected and selected scene Based on the topographic data transferred from the host computer and the host computer that reads and transfers the corresponding topographical data from the map database storage device based on the information, the generation, control, synthesis, etc. of the simulated visual field data An image generator that performs processing to generate a video signal of a simulated field of view and a display device that displays an image by the video signal of the simulated field of view. In simulated vision device with bets,
Based on the input terrain data etc., the plane generation control unit that generates plane data, the light point generation control unit that generates light point data, the texture generation unit that generates texture data, and the change in the visibility distance of the entire screen A visibility control unit for controlling the rain cloud pattern, a rain cloud generation control unit for reading rain cloud patterns from a pattern memory for generating rain cloud patterns and generating rain cloud data, and an image generation device including an image synthesis unit for synthesizing the respective data. Accordingly, one or more rain clouds are generated at a required position by the rain cloud pattern from the pattern memory input to the rain cloud generation control unit, and the rain environment or the rain cloud is simulated.

More specifically, the image synthesizing unit multiplies at least the data from the plane generation control unit, the texture generation unit and the visibility control unit, the output data of the multiplier and the light point generation control unit. From the rain cloud generation control unit that has generated one or more rain clouds at a required position according to the rain cloud pattern from the pattern memory and the output data of the adder It is equipped with and.

[0012]

The simulated field-of-view device of the present invention is assumed to be at least a map database storage device in which topographical data of the shape and position of an object, light point data, and the like are stored, and a device for carrying out training of operation and operation by simulated field-of-view. Parameters required for image generation are calculated based on the position and attitude data of the device for training the operation and operation, and the corresponding terrain data from the map database storage device based on the result of the calculation and the selected and set scene information. A computer for reading out and transferring the image, and an image generator for generating a video signal of the simulated field of view by performing processing such as generation, control and synthesis of the simulated field of view data based on the topographical data transferred from the host computer. And a display device for displaying an image according to the image signal of the simulated field of view, Based on the data etc., the plane generation control unit generates plane data, the light point generation control unit generates light point data, the texture generation unit generates texture data, and the visibility control unit changes the visibility distance of the entire screen. The rain cloud generation control unit reads the rain cloud pattern from the pattern memory that generates the rain cloud pattern to generate rain cloud data, and the image synthesis unit synthesizes each of the data, and inputs the data to the rain cloud generation control unit from the pattern memory. One or more rain clouds are generated at a required position according to the rain cloud pattern of 1 to simulate a rain environment or a rain cloud.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the simulated field-of-view device according to the present invention (hereinafter, the simulated field-of-view device for flight training will be described as an example) will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a simulated field-of-view device according to the present invention. In FIG.
Reference numeral 20 is a map database storage device in which topographical data such as shapes and positions of runways, buildings, roads, mountains, etc., positions of lights such as aviation lights and street lights are stored, and 1 is an assumed position of an airplane as a training device and an airplane A host that calculates parameters necessary for image generation such as posture data of the robot, reads out the corresponding terrain data from the map database storage device 20 in which the terrain data is stored, and transfers it to the image generation device 18. A computer, 21 is an operation unit for setting weather conditions, daytime, nighttime, twilight, and the like, 19 is a display device for displaying an image of a simulated field of view output from the image generation device 18, and 15 is a perspective figure creation unit 2, A plane generation control unit 16 that includes a line drawing creation unit 3 and a screen creation unit 4 and processes plane data such as runways, buildings, roads, and mountains, a perspective graphic creation unit 5, and a frame buffer 6 Luminous in A light point generation control unit that processes light point data indicating the size, brightness, and color of the texture, 7 is a texture generation unit that generates a pattern for giving a sense of reality to the runway, roads, mountains, sky, etc. A visibility control unit that controls changes in the visibility distance of the entire screen due to, for example, 9 is a rain cloud generation control unit that generates and controls a rain cloud on a part of the screen, and 10 is a pattern that outputs a rain cloud pattern to the rain cloud generation control unit 9. Memory, 17 is a multiplier 11 and 1
3 shows an image synthesizing unit which includes an adder 12 and a D / A converter 14, and which multiplies and adds the respective data, converts the data into analog signals, and outputs the analog signals.

An assumed position (X, Y, Z coordinate position on the map data) and attitude of an airplane operated by a pilot seated in the cockpit of a training cockpit (not shown) performing the same movement as the airplane of the training device. And the data from the operation unit 21 in which the weather conditions and the settings of daytime, nighttime, twilight, etc. are set and operated according to the purpose of training, are input to the host computer 1. The host computer 1 stores the topographical data based on the input data in the map database storage device 2
It is read from 0, transferred to the image generating device 18, and, for example, 3
An image is generated every 3 msec, and the display device 19 displays the image at the assumed position and attitude of the airplane operated by the pilot. Furthermore, texture data, visibility control data, and rain cloud data are generated according to the data.

The plane generation controller 15 provided in the image generator 18 first receives the terrain data input from the host computer 1 in the perspective figure generator 2 so that the viewpoint P as shown in FIG. Then, the gaze direction is the Yo axis, and the left and right directions are the Xo
A display device when the axes are converted into a three-dimensional coordinate system (hereinafter referred to as a viewpoint coordinate system) having the Zo axis in the vertical direction, and the coordinates represented by the viewpoint coordinate system are displayed on the display device 19. The coordinates are converted into coordinates and output to the line drawing creation unit 3. If the data obtained here is displayed as a video (it cannot be viewed as a video without scanning conversion, but the concept is shown for explanation), a video a as shown in FIG. 3 is displayed.
Will be displayed.

The line drawing creating section 3 performs scan conversion for rearranging the data converted into the input coordinates of the display device for raster scan, and further performs hidden surface processing after the scan conversion. Output to the screen creation unit 4. The image obtained as a result of the hidden surface processing becomes the image b shown in FIG. 4 when displayed. Note that the term "scan conversion" used here means that the figures output from the perspective figure creating unit 2 are output in any order with respect to the scanning lines, so that the figures are output from the top to the bottom of the scanning line or from the left to the right on the scanning line. Is a process of rearranging to, and the hidden surface process is a process of locating randomly sent figures in order from the foreground figure, rearranging in consideration of overlapping figures, and erasing hidden parts of figures. Is. The screen creation unit 4 uses the data input from the line drawing creation unit 3.
The processing for applying the color corresponding to each graphic portion of the data is performed as shown in the image c of FIG. 5, and the data is output to the multiplier 11 of the image synthesizing unit 17 as the output of the plane generation control unit 15.

The light point generation control unit 16 transforms the input terrain data into coordinates in the perspective drawing creation unit 5 similarly to the plane generation control unit 15, rearranges the data in the frame buffer 6, and further changes the viewpoint. The light point data indicating the light emitting point such as the size of the light emitting point, the brightness of the runway, the brightness of the runway, the lights of the city, etc. is generated according to the distance from the Output. The texture generation unit 7 generates texture data that adds a pattern that gives a sense of reality to a runway, roads, mountains, sky, etc. that make up the image of the simulated field of view, based on the input topographical data and control data, and the image is generated. Output to the multiplier 11 of the synthesizing unit 17. Based on the input terrain data and control data, the visibility control unit 8 generates visibility control data that changes according to the visibility distance of the entire image of the simulated field of view, such as fog occurring on the runway. It is generated and output to the multiplier 11 of the image synthesis unit 17.

Next, the generation of rain clouds, which is a characteristic operation of the present invention, will be described. In the present invention, the rain cloud is not made to be an image of the simulated field of view at the particle level, but it is assumed that a large number of opaque suspended matter such as fog are superposed, and a large number of patterns of only the portion corresponding to the rain cloud are superposed. This is an image of a simulated field of view. When a rain cloud is generated, the brightness of an opaque floating object is I and X on the screen is
Let Xi and Yi be the brightness distributions in the axial directions of the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively.
When the settings are made as shown in (a) and (b), the brightness I can be expressed by the equation (1), and the shape of the opaque object viewed as the X axis and the Y axis is as shown in FIG. 6C. I = (Xi + Yi) × Io (1) where: I: luminance Xi: luminance distribution in X direction Yi: luminance distribution in Y direction Io: constant

By generating a plurality of opaque material shapes as shown in FIG. 6C at different required positions,
Multiple rain clouds can be generated. Rain cloud generation control unit 9
Reads out a brightness pattern that can be used as an optimum blur of the shape of an opaque object from the pattern memory 10 based on the input topographical data and control data, and performs processing according to the condition shown in equation (1). A rain cloud is generated and the rain cloud data is output to the multiplier 13 of the image synthesizing unit 17. In this way, when the texture is combined with the image shown in FIG. 5 and the rain clouds are combined, an image as shown in FIG. 7 is obtained (light emitting points are not shown).

The image synthesizing unit 17 multiplies the image data from the plane generation control unit 15, the texture data from the texture generation unit 7, and the visibility control data from the visibility control unit 8 which are input to the multiplier 11. , And the image data to which the texture is added and the visibility is controlled is output to the adder 12. The adder 12 outputs the video data, which is obtained by adding the light point data input from the light point generation control unit 16 to the input video data, to the multiplier 13. The multiplier 13 multiplies the input video data by the rain cloud data input from the rain cloud generation control unit 9, and calculates the assumed position and attitude data of the airplane operated by the pilot, and the video data of the scene selected and set, Output to the D / A converter 14.
The D / A converter 14 converts the input video data, which has been subjected to processing such as digital data generation, control, multiplication and addition, into an analog signal and outputs it to the display device 19. The display device 19 displays the assumed position and attitude data of the airplane operated by the pilot and the image of the selected scene. As another means for controlling the rain cloud generation, the shape of the opaque floating matter may be stored in the pattern memory in advance, and the read address of the stored pattern may be controlled according to the display position and the size. .

[0020]

According to the present invention, a simulated field of view capable of displaying a realistic simulated field of view of a rain cloud by a simple means by providing a rain cloud generation control unit combined with a pattern memory in an image generator of the simulated field of view device. A device can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a simulated vision device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a viewpoint coordinate system.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a perspective image.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a line drawing creation video.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a filled image.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are (a) X-axis blurring degree distribution map, (b) Y-axis blurring degree distribution map, and (c) X-axis and Y-axis blurring degree distribution map when rain clouds are generated by the simulated visual field device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a simulated visual field image according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram showing a conventional simulated vision device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 31 ... Host computer, 2 ... (Plane system) perspective graphic creation unit, 3 ... (Plane system) line drawing creation unit, 4 ... (Plane system)
Screen creation unit, 5 (light point system) perspective graphic creation unit, 6 ... Frame buffer, 7, 38 ... Texture generation unit, 8, 39 ... Visibility control unit, 9 ... Rain cloud generation control unit, 10
... Pattern memory, 11, 13, 41 ... Multiplier, 12,
42 ... Adder, 14, 43 ... D / A converter, 15, 36
... Plane generation control unit, 16, 37 ... Light point generation control unit, 17, 40 ... Image synthesizing unit, 18, 33 ... Image generating device, 19, 35 ... Display device, 20, 32 ... Map database storage device, 21, 34 ... Operation part.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Kaoru Yamamoto 1-5-10 Kiheicho, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo Stock Company Link

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A map database storage device that stores at least topographical data and light point data of the shape and position of an object, and an assumed position of a device that conducts training of operation and operation with a simulated field of view and the operation and operation. A host that calculates parameters necessary for image generation based on the posture data of the training device, reads out the corresponding terrain data from the map database storage device based on the calculation result and the scene information selected and set, and transfers the data. A computer, an image generator for generating, controlling, and synthesizing simulated visual field data to generate a video signal of the simulated visual field based on the terrain data transferred from the host computer; and In a simulated field of view device having a display device for displaying an image by an image signal, A plane generation control unit that generates plane data, a light point generation control unit that generates light point data, a texture generation unit that generates texture data, and a visibility control unit that controls changes in the visibility distance of the entire screen. A rain cloud pattern is generated from a pattern memory that generates a rain cloud pattern, and a rain cloud generation control unit that generates rain cloud data, and an image synthesizing unit that synthesizes the data are provided. A simulated field-of-view device, characterized in that one or more rain clouds are generated at a required position according to the rain cloud pattern input from the pattern memory to simulate a rain environment or a rain cloud. 2. The image synthesizing unit according to claim 1, wherein the image synthesizing unit multiplies at least data from the plane generation control unit, the texture generation unit, and the visibility control unit, and output data of the multiplier. And the data from the light point generation control unit, and the output from the adder and the data from the rain cloud generation control unit that has generated one or more rain clouds at a required position according to the rain cloud pattern from the pattern memory. A simulated field-of-view device, comprising: a multiplier for multiplying and.