JPH08270976A - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To make the most suitable flow of interior air and to enable a comfortable air conditioned environment to be attained by a method wherein a sum of lateral width of an adjusted air blowing-out port arranged near an inner window of a hanging ceiling is set to be more than a specified rate of a window side wall width, adjusted air flowing out of the blowing-out port is blown in a direction in parallel with a ceiling during cooling operation and the air is blown out in a downward direction during heating operation. CONSTITUTION: An entire ceiling surface 5 is set to be a hanging ceiling, and an indoor device 2 is installed at a rear side of the hanging ceiling. One or a plurality of slot blowing-out ports 4 for use in blowing out adjusted air blow from the indoor device are arranged in a horizontal orientation, a sum of lateral widths of the slot blowing-out ports 4 is set to be not less than 60% of a side wall width of an indoor window 3 and at the same time they are mounted at the hanging ceiling surface 5 near and at the upper part of the side wall of the window 3. Then, during the cooling operation, adjusted air is blown out from the slot blowing-out port 4 in parallel with the ceiling surface 5 and further during the heating operation, the adjusted air is blown out from the slot blowing-out port 4 in a downward direction. With such an arrangement as above, it is possible to make the most suitable indoor air flow and to obtain a comfortable air conditioned environment.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioning (heating and cooling) facility which is excellent in comfort for a human body living in a building room.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, even in Japan, housings excellent in airtightness and heat insulation have been developed, and heating / cooling with low energy is becoming possible. The most popular air conditioning system at present is an air conditioning system whose main purpose is to adjust the sensible heat of the air, and it blows out at high speed to keep the room temperature uniform. It has been frequently pointed out that the uncomfortable feeling and the non-uniformity of the temperature in the place where the air flow does not reach.

Air-conditioning technology for eliminating the problems related to the indoor air flow and temperature distribution in this air-conditioning system has been sought in recent years, and heating of the ceiling / floor surface
A radiation method of cooling (no convection is generated) and various indoor airflow control technologies have been proposed.

The radiant air-conditioning technology using the ceiling or floor is free from the problem of discomfort because it uses far infrared rays (electromagnetic waves) as a medium, which travels between the wall surface and the human body, instead of air as a medium. It takes a long time to set an appropriate thermal environment at the start because water or air flows under and under the floor.
The problem is that the construction cost of the above-ceiling and under-floor is high.

Further, as a technique for controlling the indoor airflow so that a strong airflow does not hit the human, a technique of detecting the position of the human by a sensor and controlling the airflow emitted from the air conditioner so as not to hit the human (Mitsubishi Electric Technical Report Vol.
68, No.5 [1994], p45) and a technique to form a jet adhering to the ceiling so as to crawl on the ceiling surface while avoiding the lower part of the room where people are present (air conditioning and hygiene) Proceedings of the Engineering Society Academic Lecture [1991], p369).

The former technique of the sensor system is effective for a narrow space near the air conditioner, but has a problem that it cannot obtain an effective effect when the room is large or a large number of people are present. Also, in the latter technology of the ceiling attached jet method,
Do not consider measures for warming of upward flow generated by solar radiation from windows during cooling in summer (Abstracts of Scientific Lectures at the Architectural Institute of Japan [1989], p1023), and warm air blown in near the ceiling during heating in winter The problem is that density stratification is created in the human body and the area around the human head becomes uncomfortable.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an economical air conditioning equipment which optimizes the flow of indoor air and realizes a comfortable thermal environment.

[0008]

According to the present invention, during cooling in summer, the flow of cool air blown from above the window of the indoor window side wall crawls horizontally along the ceiling surface to the side wall opposite to the window side. In addition to forming a flowing jet that adheres to the ceiling, it is configured to efficiently absorb the warm air of the upward flow generated by solar radiation from the windows.When heating in winter, the flow of warm air blown from above the windows on the side walls of indoor windows is vertical. It circulates indoors by reaching the floor downward, and by efficiently sucking warm air that stagnates near the ceiling, it does not contact unpleasant high-speed air with humans and efficiently eliminates warm air that stagnates in the room. And make the whole room a comfortable space.

The air blown into the room is of course sensible heat adjusted (cooled or heated), but it is also effective to adjust the latent heat (dehumidification especially in summer) if necessary. Also,
During summer cooling, a jet of cold wind adhering to the ceiling will be formed, but high radiation processing (film coating,
High radiation coating and high radiation cloth finish)
Not only convection cooling but also radiant cooling that effectively uses the ceiling surface can be performed.

The air conditioning equipment of the present invention is characterized by having the following configuration. (B) The entire ceiling surface is a suspended ceiling type, and (b) an indoor unit that creates warm air or cold air by exchanging heat with the heat medium circulated from the outdoor unit and blows it indoors with a fan. Installed on the back side, (c) One or more slot outlets that blow warm air or cold air blown from the indoor unit into the room are arranged horizontally, and the total width is 60% or more of the indoor window side wall width. Installed on the suspended ceiling surface near the upper part of the window side wall, (d) In the case of a dedicated air-conditioning machine, an indoor air intake is installed on the window side of the slot outlet, and adjusted air is supplied from the slot outlet to the ceiling. Blow out in a parallel direction (intake room air through the air intake on the window side if necessary)
In the case of (E) Air-conditioning combined use machine, the slot outlets are installed in two rows in the front and back as a combined use opening that also serves as the indoor air intake opening, and the switching between the front and rear dual-use openings can be freely performed. The air conditioning is blown out in parallel with the ceiling from the facing wall side (the side far from the window) during cooling (intake air from the window side combined port if necessary), and from the window side combined port during heating. It is set so that the adjusted air is blown downward (intake air from the combined port on the facing wall side as necessary). (E) Alternatively, two indoor air intakes are installed in front and behind the slot outlet, and the switching mechanism enables opening and closing of the two front and rear intakes. Blows out in a direction parallel to the ceiling (intake air from the air intake on the air outlet side if necessary), and blows conditioned air downward from the air outlet on the center slot during heating (if necessary, from the air intake on the facing wall side) (Intake of indoor air), and (g) Install a panel consisting of a heat insulating layer and a supporting layer from the top on the suspended ceiling surface so that the ceiling radiation effect can be obtained when cooling in summer as needed. A mechanism for performing high emissivity treatment on the inner surface of the room, and (h) changing the angle of the slot outlet of (c) as needed is provided.

The air conditioning equipment according to the third aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. An indoor unit 2 (including a blower fan) is installed behind the suspended ceiling 5. Air created in the indoor unit 2 by heat exchange with a heat medium (including water and air) circulated and supplied from the outdoor unit 1, and sensible heat adjusted (cooled) and latent heat adjusted (dehumidified) appropriately as necessary. Is
The air is blown out into the room in the horizontal direction from the slot blow-out port 4 installed at the position of the suspended ceiling above the side wall where the indoor window 3 is located by using the vane mechanism.

At this time, the long side length of the air outlet 4, that is, the width a (in the case of dividing into a plurality of outlets in the horizontal direction, a
= Σa ₁ ) is set to 60% or more with respect to the width b of the window side wall, that is, a / b ≧ 0.6, air blowing velocity U _o , short side length d _o of the air slot outlet, and blowing air And temperature difference between indoor air Δ
t _o is βg Δt _o x ^2.5 / (K ^0.5 U _o ² d _o ^0.5 ) <24.0 β: volume expansion coefficient of air [1 / deg] g: gravitational acceleration [m ² / s] Δt _o : blown air Temperature difference of indoor air [deg] x: Distance from the side wall of the window to the side wall opposite the window [m] K: Ejection constant (up to 5.5) U _o : Air blowing velocity [m / sec] d _o : Short air outlet By setting the condition of side length [m], the blown cold air has a two-dimensional jet property, and is not controlled by the interference with the ceiling (Coanda attachment effect) to become a draft downflow. , A ceiling-attached jet 6 that flows so as to crawl near the ceiling surface 5 is formed.

This is confirmed as shown in FIG. 2 in a preliminary experiment conducted under the conditions shown in Table 1. FIG. 2 shows the locus of the center position of the blown cold air jet, but it can be seen that the airflow adhering to the ceiling surface can be obtained under the condition (equation) in which a / b is larger than 0.6. On the contrary, under the condition that a / b is smaller than 0.6, it can be seen that the jet exhibits a three-dimensional behavior immediately after the blowing and immediately becomes a downward flow.

[0014]

[Table 1]

The two-dimensional ceiling-attached jet thus formed passes through the vicinity of the ceiling surface 5 and then gently descends in the vicinity of the side wall surface opposite to the window side. Make and come back to the window. Generally, when cooling in summer,
Although the rising basin of warm air in the vicinity of the window is formed by the solar radiation entering from the window, the indoor air intake port 8 is installed below the slot outlet 4 and between the windows, so that Backward reversal flow 7 together with this warm upflow 9
Can be efficiently sucked into the suction port 8 to enhance the cooling effect over the entire room.

The formed jet 6 attached to the ceiling mainly cools the window-side half of the ceiling surface 5, and effectively cools the floor surface 21 near the window, which has been heated to a high temperature by solar radiation from the window, by radiative heat transfer. It becomes possible to do. As a result, the warm air upflow 9 near the window can be suppressed. As described above, it is effective to provide the slot outlet 4 in the vicinity of the side wall of the window, but even if it is provided in the vicinity of other wall surfaces, it is the same that a ceiling-attached jet is formed if the formula is satisfied. However, such an arrangement is also effective depending on the peculiarities of the room environment.

In the air conditioner according to claim 6 of the present invention, in addition to the above structure, as shown in FIG. 3, a panel having a heat insulating layer 10 on the upper side and a supporting layer 11 on the lower side is a suspended ceiling surface. 5 is applied, and high emissivity treatment is applied to the inner side surface of the panel.
Then, the panel is cooled by the ceiling adhering jet 6 of the cool air blown from the slot outlet 4 to accelerate the ceiling radiation cooling. Materials such as glass wool and Styrofoam can be applied to the heat insulating layer 10, and materials such as plaster board, rock wool sound absorbing board, wood board, resin board and metal board can be applied to the support layer 11.

High emissivity treatment 12 on the inner surface of the panel
It is preferable to use any of the following types (substances with an emissivity of 0.8 or more). 1) Painted with high emissivity paint. 2) A piece with a high emissivity cloth attached. 3) Coating treatment to increase emissivity (generally SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , F
Oxide-based ceramic film containing eO, ZrO, etc., organic film)
Those that have been subjected to. By performing such high emissivity processing, the temperature of the ceiling surface (especially in the vicinity of the window) is lowered by 3 to 4 [° C.] below room temperature,
It is possible to enjoy a comfortable radiant cooling effect from the ceiling surface, and the construction cost is greatly reduced due to the simple structure compared to the conventional radiant panel.

As described above, it is possible to eliminate discomfort by setting the width of the slot outlet to a large width to form a jet adhering to the ceiling so that high-speed cold air is not blown directly on the human. In some cases, it may be more comfortable to directly apply high-speed cold air to a human at the start of air conditioning or when a human makes a strong outdoor exercise and enters the room. In such a case, as described in claim 7 of the present invention, by adding a mechanism for changing the angle of the slot outlet, the outlet airflow can be blown directly toward the person. Becomes Specifically, it is possible to apply a method in which a guide plate is provided in the vicinity of the outlet and the angle is freely changed to change the outlet angle.

Next, the cooling and heating air-conditioning equipment (when heated by a combined heating and cooling type) according to claim 4 of the present invention is shown in FIG.
It will be described based on. In this air conditioning system, in order to effectively perform both heating and cooling, the slot outlets for the regulated air provided in the suspended ceiling as shown in FIG. (13 and 1
4) Arranged and equipped with a mechanism that allows the dual-purpose opening in the front and rear rows to be freely switched, the facing wall side (the side far from the window) during cooling
Conditioned air is blown out from the combined use port 13 in parallel to the ceiling and room air is taken in through the window side combined use port 14, and during heating, the adjusted air is blown out below the window side combined use port 14 so that the facing side combined use port 1
It is configured so as to suck from 3.

As described above, with such a configuration, warm air near the window can be effectively eliminated during cooling in summer. At the time of heating in winter, the high-temperature air that forms the density stratification near the ceiling is efficiently sucked in, and the high-temperature air is blown downward by the blower fan of the indoor unit 2 so that the density stratification near the ceiling and the low-temperature generation near the window are generated. Draft style can be eliminated.

The air flow during heating will be described repeatedly with reference to FIG. 4. An indoor unit 2 (including a blower fan) is installed behind the suspended ceiling 5 and is circulated and supplied from the outdoor unit 1. The sensible heat adjusted (heated) air created in the indoor unit 2 by heat exchange with the heat medium (including water and air) is also used for the window side installed in the suspended ceiling position near the side wall where the indoor window 3 is located. It is blown into the room from the mouth 8 downward.

At this time, the width a of the slot outlet (a = Σa when divided into a plurality of outlets in the horizontal direction)
₁ ) is 60% or more with respect to the width b of the side wall of the window (a / b ≧ 0.
The limitation to 6) is as described above. The jet flow blown out in this way passes through the vicinity of the floor surface 21, gradually rises near the side wall surface opposite to the window side, and then forms a flow 7 that reverses the upper part of the room and returns to the window side. Generally, during heating in winter, a density stratified region of high-temperature air is formed near the ceiling. By sucking the high-temperature air from the facing wall side dual-purpose port 4, it is possible to enhance the heating effect over the entire room.

Further, as described in claim 6 of the present invention, ceiling radiation is also used together, or as described in claim 7 of the present invention, a mechanism for varying the angle of the slot outlet in a non-steady state. It is also possible to add. Further, adding a filter for removing dust in the air and an electrostatic dust removing function to the indoor unit is effective in reducing dirt on the indoor unit and the ceiling surface.

Next, an air conditioning system according to a fifth aspect of the present invention (when cooled by a combined heating and cooling type) will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 shows an air conditioning system according to claim 5. In order to effectively perform both heating and cooling, two suction ports (1
5 and 16) are provided, and the two suction ports can be freely opened and closed by the switching mechanism, and the slot blowout port 4 is provided at the time of cooling.
Adjusted air is blown out more parallel to the ceiling, and the window side suction port 15
The adjustment air is blown downward from the slot outlet 4 and is sucked from the facing wall side inlet 16 during heating. With such a configuration, it is obvious that an indoor airflow and a thermal environment similar to those of the air conditioning system according to claim 4 of the present invention can be obtained.

[0026]

Example 1 An example of the cooling and air conditioning equipment of the present invention is shown in Table 2 together with a comparative example.

Based on the results of the preliminary experiments described above, the jet velocity was set to 2.2 [m / s] so that a stable ceiling-attached jet was formed.
ec] was set and an experiment (case 2) using the air conditioning equipment of the present invention was performed. As a comparative example, an experiment (case 1) using a conventional air conditioner type air conditioner was conducted.

[0028]

[Table 2]

In the following, cooling with a ceiling attached jet system was performed under the operating conditions shown in Table 2. From the experimental results obtained, in the air-conditioning system (Case 1), the cold air of 19 [° C.] directly hits the human body, which causes discomfort. On the other hand, in the equipment of the present invention (Case 2), there is no discomfort for the human body because the air is once passed through the ceiling surface, the speed is reduced, and the air is supplied to the center of the room. In addition, since the radiant cooling is effectively used, a cool feeling was felt even though the room temperature was set to 1 [° C] higher than that of the air conditioning system. Further, since the stable jet 6 attached to the ceiling could be formed, no dew condensation was observed on the ceiling surface.

[0030]

[Example 2] Table 3 shows an example (for heating) of the cooling and heating air conditioning equipment according to claim 4 of the present invention together with a comparative example.

[0031]

[Table 3]

In the following, heating by the downward jet method was performed under the operating conditions shown in Table 3. From the obtained experimental results, it can be seen that the temperature of the ceiling surface and the floor surface is higher in the facility of the present invention (Case 4) than in the air conditioning system (Case 3). As a result, the ratio of radiant heat transfer from the ceiling surface 5 and the floor surface 21 increased, and comfort was felt. In the present invention described in claim 5, the same effect as that of the fourth embodiment is obtained, and therefore the description thereof is omitted.

The air-conditioning equipment of the present invention uses a hybrid system which eliminates the disadvantages of both the convective heat transfer system and the radiant heat transfer system while leaving the merits of both the convective heat transfer system and the radiant heat transfer system, especially when cooling in the summer. Achieves excellent air conditioning.
In addition, the same device configuration is used to achieve comfortable air conditioning with little density stratification during heating in winter.

[0034]

The indoor temperature / humidity environment obtained under the proper operating conditions of the air conditioning equipment of the present invention configured as described above is as follows:
It is extremely good for the human body, and is free from the problems of warm air upflow near the window in summer and density stratification in winter. It can be said that this is a new air-conditioning system suitable for the climate climate of Japan, which is hot and humid.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a device configuration and an air flow when cooling is performed by a cooling and air conditioning equipment of the present invention (claim 3).

FIG. 2 is a graph showing an influence of a ratio (a / b) of a width of a slot outlet and a width of a side wall of a window to a ceiling adhesion of a jet during cooling.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a panel (claim 6) constructed on a ceiling surface.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a device configuration and an air flow when heating is performed by the cooling and heating air conditioning equipment (claim 4) of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which two air outlet / suction combined ports are switched in the cooling and heating air conditioning equipment of the present invention (claim 4) corresponding to cooling and heating.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a device configuration and an air flow when cooled by the cooling and heating air conditioning equipment (claim 5) of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which two suction ports are switched in the cooling and heating air conditioning equipment of the present invention (claim 5) in correspondence with cooling and heating.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Outdoor unit 2 Indoor unit (including blower fan) 3 Window 4 Slot outlet 5 Ceiling surface 6 Ceiling attached jet 7 Indoor reversal flow 8 Suction port 9 Warm updraft 10 Heat insulation layer 11 Support layer 12 High emissivity treatment 13 Face-to-face wall Side combined use port 14 Window combined use port 15 Window side intake port 16 Opposite wall side intake port 17 Heat medium piping 18 Case 19 Outflow flow 20 Suction flow 21 Floor surface

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Mitsuhiko Yazaki 2-6-3 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo New Nippon Steel Corporation

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. In a cooling and air-conditioning system having an outdoor unit using a heat medium as a medium, a suspended ceiling is provided on the ceiling, and one or a plurality of adjustment air outlets arranged in the horizontal direction near the indoor window side of the suspended ceiling and the A room air suction port is provided on the window side of the adjusted air outlet, and the total width of the outlet has a length of 60% or more of the window side wall width, and a mechanism for blowing the adjusted air in a direction parallel to the ceiling during cooling is provided. An air conditioning facility characterized by having. 2. In a heating and cooling air-conditioning system having an outdoor unit using a heat medium as a medium, a suspended ceiling is provided on the ceiling, and one or a plurality of adjusted air blowouts and indoor air horizontally arranged near the indoor window side of the suspended ceiling. Suction ports are provided in two rows before and after, and the total width of one row of the outlets is 60% or more of the window side wall width, and the ceiling from the outlet on the facing wall side (the side far from the window) during cooling. An air conditioner characterized by having a mechanism that blows out the regulated air in a direction parallel to, and blows the regulated air below the window-side outlet when heating. 3. In a cooling and air conditioning equipment having an outdoor unit using a heat medium as a medium, a suspended ceiling is provided on the ceiling, and one or a plurality of adjusted air outlets arranged in the horizontal direction near the indoor window side of the suspended ceiling and the An indoor air suction port is provided on the window side of the adjusted air outlet, and the total width of the outlet has a length of 60% or more of the side wall width of the window. At the time of cooling, the adjusted air is blown out in a direction parallel to the ceiling. An air-conditioning facility having a mechanism for sucking indoor air from a suction port. 4. A cooling and heating air-conditioning system having an outdoor unit using a heat medium as a medium, wherein a ceiling is provided with a suspended ceiling, and one or a plurality of adjustment air blowouts and indoor air arranged horizontally in the vicinity of an indoor window side of the suspended ceiling. Suction combined use ports are provided in two rows, and the total width of one line of the combined use ports has a length of 60% or more of the window side wall width. From the combined use port on the facing wall side (the side far from the window) during cooling. It is characterized by having a mechanism that blows out regulated air in a direction parallel to the ceiling and sucks indoor air from the window / combined port, and blows out regulated air below the window / combined port during heating to suck in indoor air from the facing wall / combined port. Air conditioning equipment to be. 5. In a cooling and heating air-conditioning system having an outdoor unit using a heat medium as a medium, a suspended ceiling is provided on the ceiling, and one or a plurality of adjustment air outlets arranged in the horizontal direction near the indoor window side of the suspended ceiling and the Indoor air intakes are provided at two locations before and after the adjusted air outlet, and the total width of the outlets is 60% or more of the window side wall width, and the adjusted air is blown out in a direction parallel to the ceiling during cooling. An air conditioner characterized by having a mechanism for sucking indoor air through a suction port on the window side, blowing out regulated air downward during heating, and sucking indoor air through the suction port on the facing wall side. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a panel comprising a heat insulating layer and a supporting layer is applied to the suspended ceiling surface from the upper part, and the interior side surface of the panel is subjected to high emissivity treatment. The air conditioning equipment according to claim 3, claim 4, or claim 5. 7. The air conditioning equipment according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, further comprising a mechanism for varying the angle of the adjusted air outlet.