JPH08261514A - Radiant air-conditioning method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To effect air conditioning in such a manner as to provide a room with an always comfortable environment. CONSTITUTION: A first air conditioner (A) which delivers air-conditioned air to a slab duct 3 of a concrete ceiling slab 1 in order to cool a ceiling face and a second air conditioner (B) which effects forced convection air conditioning in order to correspond to a start-up load or supplement an insufficient capacity during a high thermal load are mutually operated and the ratio of forced convection and radiation is allowed to vary from 0% to 100%.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a radiant air conditioning method,
In particular, by using a separate circulatory system for conditioned air from the radiant air conditioner and the forced convection air conditioner, the ratio of forced convection and radiation can be changed steplessly to maintain the optimum air conditioning condition in the room at all times. It is about the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As an example of a radiation type air conditioning method, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
The one disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 141718 is known. In this known technique, cold air (warm air) is blown into a panel unit box incorporated in the ceiling of the conventional construction method, heat is exchanged with the ceiling plate, and is blown into the room through a blowout port with a vane mechanism.
This blown air has a variable wind direction, and when blown out in the direction along the lower surface of the ceiling, the ceiling surface is further cooled (heated) by the convective heat transfer effect, and the radiation effect is improved. The blown air is returned to the air conditioner after the indoor heat load processing.

The air flow during air conditioning includes natural convection and forced convection. From the viewpoint of comfort, natural convection is preferable, but forced convection has better heat exchange efficiency and therefore, for example, rising. At times, when there is a high heat load, or when latent heat treatment is required, etc., radiant air conditioning or natural convection cannot provide an efficient air conditioning effect in a short time. Conventionally, this is done using one air conditioner.

For example, in the case of the radiant air-conditioning method of the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-141718, when the room is under a high heat load, the conditioned air is blown directly downward from the outlet to switch to forced convection air conditioning. At this time, the room is efficiently cooled (heated) by the forced convection of the conditioned air. However, on the other hand, there is no air flow along the lower surface of the ceiling, which raises the ceiling surface temperature, which reduces the radiation effect. Further, since the effect of suppressing the dew condensation due to the air flow on the ceiling surface layer disappears, if the ceiling surface temperature is lowered, surface dew condensation is likely to occur when the lower indoor air comes into contact with the ceiling surface by convection. Further, in the case of the above-mentioned known technique, since the indoor convection air conditioning is also performed by the ceiling surface cooling (heating) air, the ratio of convection air conditioning to radiation is always large, and effective radiant cooling and heating cannot be expected.

[0005]

As described above, in order to efficiently air-condition a room, it is unavoidable to combine radiant air conditioning and natural convection with forced convection. In such a case, as described above. Dew condensation and other problems arose.

In the present invention, radiant air conditioning and forced convection are separate systems, and the ratio of forced convection and radiation is 0 depending on the indoor conditions.
By steplessly varying in the range of up to 100%,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a radiant air conditioning method that solves the aforementioned problems.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the radiant air-conditioning method according to the present invention is a first method for sending conditioned air to a slab duct 3 provided in a concrete ceiling slab 1 to cool the ceiling surface. By mutually operating the air conditioner A and the second air conditioner B that performs forced convection air conditioning for treating the rising load or supplementing the insufficient capacity at the time of high heat load, the ratio of forced convection and radiation in the room 18 is reduced to 0. It is characterized in that it is variable at -100%.

The first air conditioner A flowing through the slab duct 3
The conditioned air from is blown out from the attached jet outlet 4 of the slab duct 3 and returned to the first air conditioner A through the ceiling surface layer portion 5, whereby an attached jet can be formed on the ceiling surface 6.

Further, the second air conditioner B may perform forced air supply and natural exhaust ventilation to keep the room 18 at a positive pressure state at all times.

Further, even if the second air conditioner B always heat-treats the outside air taken in, it functions as a dehumidification-dedicated machine when the radiant air conditioning is stationary, and the waste heat of the outdoor unit compressor is taken in as a heat source for reheating it. Good.

[0011]

According to the method of the present invention, since the first air conditioner A and the second air conditioner B are used in combination, the air supply of the conditioned air and the forced air supply are made separate systems, so that 0% depending on the indoor conditions. ~ 100%
The ratio of forced convection and radiation can be varied steplessly in the range of
Optimum air conditioning is always performed, and condensation does not occur on the ceiling.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.

1 to 4 show a radiant air conditioner according to the first embodiment. In each figure, the interior surface of the unidirectional concrete ceiling slab 1 is formed in an uneven shape by using a deck plate 23 which is a waste form, and urethane is sprayed along the uneven surface. Insulation layer 22
After forming the heat insulating layer 22 and the deck plate 23
A concrete nail 24 is driven into the concrete ceiling slab 1 through the. A ceiling panel 7 made of a thin steel plate is attached to the deck plate 23 by using concrete nails 24 to close the downward opening of the recess 2 and the inside thereof is a slab duct 3. A fine concavo-convex portion 8 is formed on a portion of the ceiling panel 7 that faces at least the concave portion 2 and on the rear surface side thereof, and is configured to promote heat transfer from the room into the slab duct 3 during cooling. . The ceiling panel 7 covers the entire ceiling surface, and the interior surface is finished with a paint or cloth having a high emissivity to form a radiant ceiling 20.

The slab ducts 3 are arranged in parallel in a plurality of rows as can be seen from the plan view of FIG. 4, and every other slab duct 3 has a slab duct 3a for supplying conditioned air and a return slab duct 3a. The supply slab duct 3a is divided into a slab duct 3b and a base end (the right end in each figure) of the supply slab duct 3a is located in the upper part of the room as shown in FIG.
No. 1 air conditioner A provided side by side on the side wall 35 of No. 4
And the outlet 36 of the first air conditioner A of the second air conditioners B. (Note that in FIG. 2, the first and second air conditioners A and B are shown positioned vertically, but this is an anomalous illustration, and in fact, as shown in FIG. )
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, an attached jet outlet 4 of the conditioned air flowing in the supply duct 3a is provided at the tip (left end in each drawing) of the supply slab duct 3a.

When the room 18 is relatively small, the adhering jet blow-out port 4 need only be provided at the tip of the supply duct 3a, but when the room 18 is wide, it also adheres to the middle portion of the supply duct 3a as shown in FIG. A jet outlet 4a is provided,
As a result, the force of the conditioned air flowing on the ceiling surface is not reduced and is provided so as not to diffuse. The attached jet outlet 4a at the middle portion has a structure (adjusted by the opening area) to obtain the same air flow as the attached jet outlet 4 at the tip.

A horizontal guide 37 and a windbreak plate 3 for sending air horizontally to the adhering jet outlets 4 and 4a.
8 is provided so that the adhering jet flow blown out from the blowout ports 4 and 4a smoothly flows over the entire ceiling surface without generating a draft. Also,
In order to prevent dew condensation on the adhering jet blowout ports 4 and 4a, it is desirable that the material of the horizontal guide 37 has heat insulating properties and that surface treatment such as sticking a heat insulating tape on the surface is also taken into consideration.

The first air conditioner A has a blow-in port 39 in addition to the blow-out port 36, and is provided with a blower 40 capable of ensuring a wind speed necessary for forming an adhering jet. The outlets 36 are provided so that an equal amount of air is distributed to the supply slab ducts 3a arranged in every other row.

Therefore, the outlet 36 of the first air conditioner A
The conditioned air flowing out of the room flows through the supply slab duct 3a, at which time the heat of the room transmitted from the ceiling panel 7 is removed to cool the room, and the air is blown out from the attached jet outlets 4 and 4a and flows along the entire ceiling surface. The air is sucked again from the suction port 39 and this circulation is repeated to cool the room 18. At this time, dew condensation does not occur on the ceiling surface due to the adhering jet flow, and stable heat exchange is performed.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the slab duct 3b for return is provided with air inlets 41, 41a and 39 at the front end, the middle part and the base end. These three suction ports 41, 41a and 39
Has a structure that can obtain the same air volume as the two outlets 4 and 4a of the supply slab duct 3a. Therefore, a part of the conditioned air discharged from the attached jet outlet 4 at the tip of the supply slab duct 3a flows through the ceiling surface layer portion 5, and the other part of the conditioned air is at the tip and middle of the return slab duct 3b and at the base portion. Is sucked into any of the suction ports 41, 41a, 39 of the return slab duct 3b.
Flowing in. Further, a part of the conditioned air discharged from the attached jet outlet 4a in the middle of the supply slab duct 3a flows through the ceiling surface layer part 5, and the other part of the conditioned air flows through the return slab duct 3a.
Flow in b.

As described above, the plurality of rows of slab ducts 3 are divided into the supply slab duct 3a and the return slab duct 3b, and the adhering jet outlets 4 and 4a of the supply slab duct 3a are directed to the indoor side. A part of the blown-out conditioned air is caused to flow through the return slab duct 3b in order to promote the adhesion of the adhered jet to the ceiling and to eliminate the draft by allowing the return slab duct 3b to smoothly circulate the conditioned air. This is because it is preferable from the standpoint of improving comfort by promoting air conditioning and performing efficient air conditioning, and reducing convection of conditioned air in the room 18.

In addition, conditioned air flowing through the ceiling surface layer 5,
The air flowing in the return slab duct 3b passes through the suction port 39 (42) at the base end (the right end in FIG. 4) of the first slab duct 3b,
It is returned to the inside of the air conditioner A, and blown again from the outlet 36 to circulate.

A direct expansion coil 44 and a reheat coil (utilizing waste heat) 43 provided in the first air conditioner A control the temperature and humidity near the ceiling. In other words, during cooling, the condensation of the water vapor in the air by cooling the intake air by each coil (dehumidification) and the temperature control of the ceiling surface by adjusting the dry-bulb humidity of the cooling air prevent the condensation on the ceiling surface, and in particular stand up. When raising the temperature, operate to gradually lower the temperature while dehumidifying.

The second air conditioner B has an outlet 45 for conditioned air.
And a suction port 46, a blower 47, a louver 48, a direct expansion coil 49, and a reheat coil (utilizing waste heat) 50, and a through hole 5 that is formed by penetrating the side wall 35 of the body 34 inward and outward.
1 is designed to take in outside air.

The blower 47 has a low air volume when it functions as a dehumidifier, and can be switched so that it has a general air volume when it functions as a forced convection air conditioner. The louver 48 is activated when it functions as a forced convection air conditioner, and
The angle of the air blowing can be varied within the downward range indicated by the arrow. Further, the dehumidification return chamber 52 is constantly exposed to fresh outside air (about 30 m ³ /
h) is introduced to maintain hygiene and the inside of the room 18 is kept at a slightly positive pressure to prevent draft from entering as much as possible and prevent dew condensation. The functions of the direct expansion coil 49 and the reheat coil (using waste heat) 50 are the same as those of the first air conditioner A.

As described above, the second air conditioner B serves both as a dehumidifier of the outdoor unit compressor waste heat reheat system and a forced convection type air conditioner by switching the air volume and the number of coil rows.

In the first embodiment, the first operation is performed during the air conditioning in the room.
By using the air conditioner A and the second air conditioner B together, the ratio of forced convection and radiation can be varied in the range of 0% to 100% according to the air conditioning conditions in the room, and air conditioning is performed while always satisfying the optimum air conditioning conditions. You can That is, at the time of startup and at the time of high load, the temperature difference between the inside of the slab duct 3 and the inside of the room 18 is large, and dew condensation is likely to occur, so forced convection is preferable. In this case, if the first air conditioner A is only one unit, the above-mentioned purpose cannot be sufficiently achieved. However, since the second air conditioner B is provided in the present embodiment as described above, it is possible to increase the start-up time and the high temperature. The above object can be easily achieved by operating the second air conditioner B as a forced convection air conditioner under load. At this time, the angle of the louver 48 is appropriately selected to adjust the blowing direction of the conditioned air into the room 18.

When considering the comfort of the room,
As for No. 8, only natural convection is desirable as much as possible, and this is one of the reasons why radiant air conditioning is selected. From this point of view, in the present embodiment, during radiant cooling (that is, during steady operation and low load), the second air conditioner B is operated at a low speed so that the conditioned air is caused to flow in a state close to natural convection and to function as a dehumidifier. ing. In addition, as described above, the fresh air (about 30 m ³ / h) is constantly introduced into the return chamber 52 through the through hole 51 to maintain the sanitary condition of the room 18 and to maintain a slightly positive pressure in the room. Prevents drafts from entering as much as possible and prevents dew condensation.

FIGS. 5 and 6 are views showing a second embodiment of the present invention. In this second embodiment, the attached jet outlet 4 at the tip (left end in FIG. 6) of the supply slab duct 3a is shown.
In addition, a movable damper 55 in which a pivot plate 54 is pivotally supported by a support shaft 53 is provided, and forced convection cooling and heating using the first air conditioner A is possible at the time of startup of the air conditioning and at the time of high load. This configuration is different from that of the first embodiment. Further, in this case, the second air conditioner B is used differently from the case of the first embodiment and is made to function as a dedicated dehumidifying machine. Correspondingly, the blow-out louver 48 is of a fixed type and is constructed so as not to cause unnecessary forced convection in the room during radiant cooling. The other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.

In the second embodiment, during startup and at high load, the movable damper 55 is switched to blow out the conditioned air corresponding to the attached jet toward the lower part of the room 18 to perform forced convection cooling and heating. In addition, at the time of steady state and low load, the movable damper 55
Then, the adhering jet flow is formed on the ceiling surface layer portion 5, and the air conditioning is performed as in the first embodiment.

7 and 8 are views showing a third embodiment of the present invention. In the third embodiment, by switching the movable damper 56 provided at the tip (left end in FIG. 8) of the supply slab duct 3a, a part of the conditioned air corresponding to the adhering jet flow is transferred to the supply duct 3a. Partition wall 5 in communication
Ventilate the vertical duct 59 in 7 to cool (heat) the wall surface
After that, the air is blown out from the blowout port 58 in the lower part of the wall to perform forced convection cooling and heating.

In the third embodiment, the first air conditioner A functions as a combined ceiling / wall radiation / forced convection machine, and the second air conditioner B functions as a dedicated dehumidifier. In addition,
The other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.

9 to 11 are views showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a box type prefabricated ceiling 60 constituting the slab duct 3 is attached to the lower surface of the concrete ceiling slab 1. An example is shown. The top plate 61 and the side plates 62 that form the box-type prefab ceiling 60 are
The concrete ceiling slab 1 is made of a steel plate that also serves as a form fitting mold, and inside the ceiling plate 61 and both side plates 62, an electric wiring cable (not shown) and an internal heat insulating layer 22 are provided in advance on the ceiling. The ceiling panel 7 made of thin steel is arranged so as to close the inside surrounded by the top plate 61 and the side plates 62. The back surface of the ceiling panel 7 is provided with an uneven portion 8 for promoting heat transfer into the ceiling during heating and cooling. By providing the uneven portion 8, the rigidity of the ceiling panel 7 is also improved.

Reinforcing bars 64 are provided between the top plate 61 and the ceiling panel 7, and the first and second reinforcements are arranged at a predetermined interval.
Partition walls 63, 63a are provided. The first and second partition walls 63, 63a are provided in the ceiling formed by being surrounded by the top plate 61, the side plates 62, and the ceiling panel 7, and the ceiling duct 3a for supply of conditioned air and the ceiling duct 3 for return are provided.
Form b, and perform uniform cooling (heating) of the ceiling surface. The first and second partition walls 63 and 63a also function as structural bearing members for ensuring the strength of the ceiling box. In the figure, reference numeral 65 denotes a jack that supports the ceiling panel 7 when the box-type prefabricated ceiling 60 is installed, and the jack 65 is removed after the ceiling is installed.

The other structure of this embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the first air conditioner A functions as a ceiling radiation only device, the second air conditioner B functions as a dehumidifying and forced convection device, and the first and second air conditioners A and B are used. Are mutually operated and the conditioned air is allowed to flow into the box-type prefabricated ceiling 60 along the flow path shown in FIG. 11, whereby efficient cooling (heating) of the room is performed. A unique advantage of this embodiment is that the box type prefabricated ceiling 6 is used.
That is, the top plate 61 and the side plates 62 that compose 0 also serve as the ceiling slab formwork, thereby reducing the on-site construction of the steel plate ceiling plate and obtaining the merit of labor saving. It is to reduce the labor required for on-site construction by pre-installing surrounding equipment, heat insulating materials, electric wiring cables, etc. in the ceiling box at the factory stage as much as possible.

12 to 14 are views showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the fifth embodiment, the second partition wall 63a in the box type prefab ceiling 60 shown in the fourth embodiment is not provided. Only the first partition wall 63 is provided, and accordingly, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 14, the supply conditioned air flows through the slab duct 3, and the jet surface outlet 4 attached to the ceiling surface at the tip of the duct is fixed or movable as in the first and second embodiments, and the outlet 4 The conditioned air blown out from is returned to the first air conditioner A through the ceiling surface layer portion 5, and this configuration is different from the fourth embodiment, and the other configurations are the same as the fourth embodiment. In the present embodiment, the first air conditioner A is a dedicated ceiling radiating machine,
And a method of making the second air conditioner B function as a combined dehumidifying / forced convection machine, or a method of making the first air conditioner A both as a ceiling radiation / forced convection combined machine and making the second air conditioner B function as a dedicated dehumidifying machine. Either of these may be adopted.

[0036]

As described above, according to the present invention, the conditioned air is made to flow through the slab duct 3 formed on the lower surface of the concrete ceiling slab 1, and the conditioned air blown from the adhering jet outlet 4 is made to the ceiling surface layer portion 5. The first air conditioner A which is caused to flow to form an adhering jet flow there, and is returned to the air conditioner and circulated again.
And a second air conditioner B for generating forced convection in the room 18 are combined, and the ratio of forced convection: radiation can be varied steplessly in the range of 0 to 100%, so that the air conditioning that is most suitable for indoor conditions is always provided. It is possible to efficiently and ideally create an indoor environment.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory side view of an irregular vertical section of the radiation air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

3 is a cross-sectional explanatory view as seen in the direction of the line D-D in FIG. 2.

4 is an explanatory plan view of FIG.

5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE of FIG.

FIG. 6 is an irregular vertical cross-sectional explanatory view of a radiant air conditioner according to a second embodiment.

7 is a sectional view taken along line FF in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional explanatory view of a radiant air conditioner according to a third embodiment.

9 is a cross-sectional explanatory view at the time of construction of the box-shaped prefabricated ceiling at a position along the line GG in FIG.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory vertical cross-sectional view of a radial air conditioner according to a fourth embodiment.

11 is an explanatory plan view of FIG.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram when the box-shaped prefab ceiling is installed at a position along the line HH in FIG.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory vertical cross-sectional view of an irregular air conditioning system according to the fifth embodiment.

14 is an explanatory plan view of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Concrete Ceiling Slab 2 Recess 3 Slab Duct 4 Air Outlet 5 Ceiling Surface Layer 6 Ceiling Surface 7 Ceiling Panel 8 Fine Concavo-convex Part 18 Indoor 20 Radiant Ceiling 21 Concavo-convex Part 22 Heat-insulating Layer 23 Deck Plate (Discard Form) 24 Concrete Nail 34 frame 35 side wall 36 blowout port 37 horizontal guide 38 windbreak plate 39 suction port 40 blower 41 suction port 42 suction port 43 reheat coil 44 direct expansion coil 45 blowout port 46 suction port 47 blower 48 louver 49 direct expansion coil 50 reheat Coil 51 Through hole 52 Dehumidification return chamber 53 Support shaft 54 Rotating plate 55 Movable damper 56 Movable damper 57 Partition wall 58 Outlet port 60 Box type prefab ceiling 61 Top plate 62 Both side plates 63 Partition wall 64 Reinforcing bar

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Toshiki Oya 2-6-3 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Nippon Steel Corporation

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A first air conditioner A for sending conditioned air to a slab duct 3 provided on the lower surface of a concrete ceiling slab 1 for cooling the ceiling surface, and for treating rising loads or supplementing insufficient capacity during high heat loads. A radiant air conditioning method characterized in that the ratio of forced convection to radiation in the room 18 is made variable by 0 to 100% by mutually operating the second air conditioner B for performing forced convection air conditioning. 2. The conditioned air from the first air conditioner A flowing through the slab duct 3 is blown out from an adhering jet outlet 4 of the slab duct 3 and returned to the first air conditioner A through a ceiling surface layer portion 5. The radiant air-conditioning method according to claim 1, wherein an adhering jet is formed on the ceiling surface 6 by the above method. 3. The radiant air-conditioning method according to claim 1, wherein the second air conditioner B performs forced air supply and natural exhaust ventilation to keep the room 18 in a positive pressure state at all times. . 4. The second air conditioner B always heat-treats the outside air taken in, acts as a dehumidifying dedicated machine when the radiant air conditioning is in a steady state, and takes in the waste heat of the outdoor unit compressor as a heat source for reheating the same. The radiant air-conditioning method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that.