JPH08240623A - Interferometer-type microwave radiometer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To make it possible to perform the high-resolution observation of the surface of the earth by arranging a plurality of interferometer-type microwave radiometers on the orbits of geostationary satellites at a specified interval. CONSTITUTION: The microwave noise radiowaves radiated from the objects to be measured on the surface of the earth are received by the receiving antennas of interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b, which are mounted on respective geostationary satellites. Then, in each low-noise receiver, the frequency sweeping of each received signal, amplification and detection are performed. In each signal processor, A/D conversion and format formation are performed. Thereafter, the signal is transmitted to the ground as the observed signal. The observed signals from the radiometers 1a and 1b, which are received on the ground, undergo signal processing, wherein the mutual signals are made to interfere. Then, the components of the same phase are strengthened, and the components of the negative phases are weakened. Therefore, the sharp signal waveform is obtained, and the thermal image of the surface of the earth is obtained. As a result, the observation of the surface of the earth can be performed in high resolution. When the observation should be performed in any direction in high resolution, it is necessary to arrange three or more geostationary satellites mounting the radiometers 1 on the orbits.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an interferometer type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a conventional microwave radiometer mounted on an artificial satellite for observing the surface of the earth. , 4 is an integrator, and 5 is a signal processor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG. The microwave noise radio wave radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth is received by the receiving antenna 2 of the microwave radiometer 1 mounted on the artificial satellite shown in FIG. in this case,
The antenna temperature T _A received by the receiving antenna 2 is represented by the following equation.

[0004]

[Equation 1]

Here, G (Ω) is the gain function of the receiving antenna 2, T _B is the brightness temperature of the object to be observed, and Ω is the solid angle.
The received signal received by the receiving antenna 2 is amplified and detected by the low noise receiver 3, and then integrated by the integrator 4. The reception signal integrated by the integrator 4 is subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). The observation signal received on the ground is subjected to signal processing by a processing facility (not shown) to obtain a thermal image of the surface of the earth. In this case, the received signal represents the average brightness temperature of the observation target within the range of the antenna beam width of the receiving antenna 2, and the footprint defined by this antenna beam width defines the ground surface resolution δ of the microwave radiometer. Will be done. Therefore, if the altitude and beam width of the artificial satellite and the tilt angle of the beam axis are determined, the surface resolution δ of the microwave radiometer is determined. For simplicity, if there is no beam axis tilt,
That is, the surface resolution δ of the microwave radiometer immediately below the artificial satellite is expressed by the following equation.

[0006]

[Equation 2]

Where φ is the beam width of the receiving antenna 2, H
Is the altitude of the satellite. As is clear from the number 2,
When the beam width of the receiving antenna 2 is fixed, the surface resolution of the microwave radiometer deteriorates as the altitude of the satellite increases. Most of the conventional microwave radiometers mounted on artificial satellites can be observed in a range of several hundred meters to several tens of kilometers from the ground orbit at an altitude of around 1000 km.

[0008]

When a conventional microwave radiometer is mounted on a geostationary satellite to obtain a thermal image of the earth's surface with a high resolution of, for example, several tens of meters, the antenna size of the receiving antenna is several hundred km. It was an order, and there was difficulty in realizing it. Therefore, there has been a long-awaited demand for a microwave radiometer that can be mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the earth's surface with high resolution.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems. A plurality of microwave radiometers are arranged on a geostationary satellite orbit, and the received signals obtained by the respective microwave radiometers are grounded. By interfering with each other at the time of signal processing, an interferometer type microwave radiometer which can obtain a thermal image of the surface of the earth at a high resolution of, for example, several tens of meters is provided. Further, by providing a receiving antenna that operates in multi-polarization and multi-frequency, an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can be observed in multi-polarization and multi-frequency is provided. We also provide an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe multiple areas simultaneously by using a multi-beam antenna as the receiving antenna of the interferometer-type microwave radiometer. Further, by using a variable beam antenna capable of changing the beam direction of the receiving antenna, an interferometer type microwave radiometer capable of observing an arbitrary observation area on the surface of the earth is provided.

[0010]

The interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the first embodiment of the present invention is a fixed single beam antenna in order to obtain a microwave radiometer capable of observing a predetermined direction of the earth surface with high resolution. And a low noise receiver,
A signal processor and a plurality of signal processors are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals.

Further, the interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the second embodiment of the present invention provides a microwave radiometer capable of observation of a predetermined direction of the earth surface with high resolution and polarization switching observation. Fixed single beam antenna, low noise receiver, signal processor, RF switch,
A demultiplexer is provided, and a plurality of demultiplexers are arranged at a predetermined interval on a geostationary orbit.

The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to the third embodiment of the present invention is for obtaining a microwave radiometer capable of observing the earth surface in a predetermined direction with high resolution and simultaneously performing multi-polarization observation. , A fixed single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a demultiplexer, and a plurality of them are arranged at a predetermined interval on a geostationary orbit.

Further, the interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is fixed in order to obtain a microwave radiometer capable of multi-frequency observation while observing the earth surface in a predetermined direction with high resolution. A single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a group demultiplexer are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged at a predetermined interval on a geostationary orbit.

Further, the interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is a microwave radiometer capable of observing the earth surface in a predetermined direction with high resolution and capable of simultaneously observing multiple frequencies and multiple polarizations. In order to obtain, a fixed single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, and a demultiplexer are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged at a predetermined interval on a geostationary orbit. .

The interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention has a fixed multi-beam antenna and a low multi-beam antenna in order to obtain a microwave radiometer capable of observing the earth surface in a plurality of predetermined directions with high resolution. A noise receiver, a signal processor, and a distributor are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals.

Further, the interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention is to obtain a microwave radiometer capable of observing the earth's surface in a plurality of predetermined directions with high resolution and capable of polarization switching observation. , A fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, an RF switch, a demultiplexer, and a distributor, and a plurality of them are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals.

In addition, the interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention is for obtaining a microwave radiometer capable of observing the earth's surface in a plurality of predetermined directions with high resolution and simultaneously performing multi-polarization observation. In addition, a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a demultiplexer, and a distributor are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals.

The interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention is capable of observing the surface of the earth in a plurality of predetermined directions with high resolution and in order to obtain a microwave radiometer capable of multi-frequency observation. Fixed multi-beam antenna,
A low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, and a distributor are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals.

The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention is a microwave radiometer capable of observing the surface of the earth in a plurality of predetermined directions with high resolution and simultaneously observing multi-frequency and multi-polarization waves. In order to obtain the above, a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, a polarization demultiplexer, and a distributor are provided, and a plurality of geostationary orbits are provided at predetermined intervals. It is arranged.

The interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention has a variable single beam antenna and a low noise in order to obtain a microwave radiometer capable of observing an arbitrary direction of the earth surface with high resolution. A receiver and a signal processor are provided, and a plurality of receivers and signal processors are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals.

The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention provides a microwave radiometer capable of observing the earth surface in any direction with high resolution and capable of polarization switching observation. A variable single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, an RF switch, and a demultiplexer are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged at a predetermined interval on a geostationary orbit.

In addition, the interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is for obtaining a microwave radiometer capable of observing an arbitrary direction on the earth surface with high resolution and simultaneously performing multi-polarization observation. , A variable single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a demultiplexer, and a plurality of them are arranged at a predetermined interval on a geostationary orbit.

The interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention is variable in order to obtain a microwave radiometer capable of observing an arbitrary direction of the earth's surface with high resolution and performing multi-frequency observation. A single beam antenna,
A low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a group demultiplexer,
A plurality of geostationary orbits are arranged at predetermined intervals.

The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention is a microwave radiometer capable of observing an arbitrary direction on the earth's surface with high resolution and capable of simultaneously observing multiple frequencies and multiple polarizations. In order to obtain, a variable single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, and a demultiplexer are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged at a predetermined interval on a geostationary orbit. .

The interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention has a variable multi-beam antenna and a low multi-beam antenna in order to obtain a microwave radiometer capable of observing the earth's surface in arbitrary plural directions with high resolution. A noise receiver, a signal processor, and a distributor are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals.

The interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention is for obtaining a microwave radiometer capable of observation of the earth surface in arbitrary plural directions with high resolution and polarization switching observation. , A variable multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, an RF switch, a demultiplexer, and a distributor, and a plurality of them are arranged at a predetermined interval on a geostationary orbit.

The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention is for obtaining a microwave radiometer capable of observing the earth's surface in arbitrary arbitrary directions with high resolution and simultaneously performing multi-polarization observation. In addition, a variable multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a demultiplexer, and a distributor are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals.

Further, the interferometer type microwave radiometer according to the nineteenth embodiment of the present invention is capable of observing the earth surface in arbitrary plural directions with high resolution, and in order to obtain a microwave radiometer capable of multi-frequency observation, A variable multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, and a distributor are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals.

The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to Embodiment 20 of the present invention is a microwave radiometer capable of observing the surface of the earth in arbitrary plural directions with high resolution and simultaneously observing multi-frequency and multi-polarized waves. In order to obtain, a variable multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, a polarization demultiplexer, and a distributor are provided, and a plurality of geostationary orbits are provided at predetermined intervals. It is arranged.

[0030]

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, the fixed single beam antenna, the low noise receiver, and the signal processor are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged at a predetermined interval on the geostationary orbit.
An interferometer-type microwave radiometer capable of observing the surface of the earth in a predetermined direction with high resolution can be obtained.

Further, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, a fixed single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, an RF switch and a demultiplexer are provided, and on a geostationary orbit. By arranging a plurality of them at a predetermined interval, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe the earth surface in a predetermined direction with high resolution and can perform polarization switching observation.

Further, according to the third embodiment of the present invention, a fixed single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a demultiplexer are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals. Since they are arranged individually, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe the earth's surface in a predetermined direction with high resolution and can simultaneously observe multiple polarizations.

Further, according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, a fixed single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a group demultiplexer are provided, and a plurality of them are provided on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals. Since they are arranged individually, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe the earth surface in a predetermined direction with high resolution and can perform multifrequency observation.

Further, according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, a fixed single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, and a distributor are provided, and on a geostationary orbit. By arranging a plurality of them at a predetermined interval, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe the earth's surface in a predetermined direction with high resolution and can simultaneously observe multiple frequencies and multiple polarizations.

Further, according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a distributor are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged at predetermined intervals on a geostationary orbit. Therefore, an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe the earth's surface in a plurality of predetermined directions with high resolution can be obtained.

According to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, an RF switch, a demultiplexer, and a distributor are provided.
In addition, because a plurality of geostationary orbits are placed at predetermined intervals, it is possible to observe the earth's surface in multiple directions in a high resolution.
An interferometric microwave radiometer capable of polarization switching observation can be obtained.

Further, according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention, a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a demultiplexer, and a distributor are provided, and on a geostationary orbit. By arranging a plurality of elements at a predetermined interval, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe the earth's surface in a plurality of predetermined directions with high resolution and can simultaneously observe multiple polarizations.

Further, according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention, a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, and a distributor are provided, and on a geostationary orbit. By arranging a plurality of elements at a predetermined interval, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer capable of observing the surface of the earth in a plurality of predetermined directions with high resolution and capable of multi-frequency observation.

Further, according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention, it is provided with a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, a polarization demultiplexer, and a distributor. In addition, since a plurality of geostationary orbits are placed at a predetermined interval, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe the earth's surface in a plurality of predetermined directions with high resolution and can simultaneously observe multiple frequencies and multiple polarizations. .

Further, according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention, since the variable single beam antenna, the low noise receiver and the signal processor are provided and a plurality of them are arranged at a predetermined interval on the geostationary orbit, the earth An interferometric microwave radiometer that can observe the surface in any direction with high resolution can be obtained.

According to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention, a variable single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, an RF switch, and a demultiplexer are provided, and the geostationary orbit is maintained. By arranging a plurality of them at a predetermined interval, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe the earth surface in any direction with high resolution and can observe polarization switching.

According to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention, a variable single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a demultiplexer are provided, and a plurality of geostationary orbits are arranged at predetermined intervals. Since they are arranged individually, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe the earth's surface in any direction with high resolution and can simultaneously observe multiple polarizations.

Further, according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention, a variable single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a group demultiplexer are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals. Since they are arranged individually, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer capable of observing the earth surface in any direction with high resolution and capable of multi-frequency observation.

According to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention, a variable single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, and a demultiplexer are provided, and a geostationary orbit is provided. By arranging a plurality of them at predetermined intervals, an interferometer-type microwave radiometer can be obtained which can observe the earth's surface in any direction with high resolution and can simultaneously observe multiple frequencies and multiple polarizations.

According to the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention, a variable multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a distributor are provided, and a plurality of them are arranged on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals. Therefore, an interferometric microwave radiometer that can observe the earth's surface in multiple arbitrary directions with high resolution can be obtained.

According to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention, it is equipped with a variable multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, an RF switch, a demultiplexer, and a distributor. Since I placed a plurality on the geostationary orbit at a predetermined interval,
It is possible to obtain an interferometric microwave radiometer that can observe the polarization of the earth's surface in multiple arbitrary directions with high resolution and can perform polarization switching observation.

Further, according to the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention, a variable multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a polarization demultiplexer, and a distributor are provided and the geostationary orbit is maintained. By arranging a plurality of elements at a predetermined interval, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer capable of observing the earth's surface in arbitrary arbitrary directions with high resolution and simultaneously performing multi-polarization observation.

According to the nineteenth embodiment of the present invention, a variable multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer and a distributor are provided, and the geostationary orbit is provided. By arranging a plurality of elements at a predetermined interval, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer capable of observing the earth's surface in arbitrary directions in multiple directions with high resolution.

Further, according to the twentieth embodiment of the present invention, it is provided with a variable multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, a polarization demultiplexer, and a distributor. In addition, since a plurality of geostationary orbits are placed at a predetermined interval, it is possible to obtain an interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe the earth's surface in multiple arbitrary directions with high resolution and can simultaneously observe multiple frequencies and multiple polarizations. .

[0050]

【Example】

Example 1. Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer-type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a fixed single beam. The receiving antenna 3 has a low noise receiver, 5 a signal processor. 2 is an arrangement example of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1 on a geostationary orbit, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an interference pattern of a reception signal obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1 of the present invention.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIGS. The microwave noise radio wave radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth is received by the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 1 mounted on the geostationary satellite. Antenna temperature T _A received by the receiving antenna 2
Is represented by the above-mentioned formula 1. G in the above number 1
(Ω) is the gain function of the receiving antenna 1, T _B (Ω) is the brightness temperature of the observation target, and Ω is the solid angle. Receiving antenna 2
The receiving antenna 2 is previously installed at a predetermined angle with respect to the geostationary satellite so that the antenna beam direction of is a predetermined direction with respect to the surface of the earth. Next, the low noise receiver 3
Then, the frequency sweep of the reception signal of the reception antenna 2 is performed. The frequency sweep of the low noise receiver has a predetermined width determined according to the surface resolution required for the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Thereafter, the received signal amplified and detected by the low noise receiver 3 is subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1 are arranged on a geostationary orbit. The observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing by a processing facility (not shown) to interfere with each other, and a thermal image of the surface of the earth is obtained. can get.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the principle of obtaining a sharp signal waveform by interfering the observation signals from the two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b. In FIG. 3a, each signal waveform represents a signal waveform of an observed signal obtained by frequency sweeping before interference, and FIG. 3b shows that when these observed signals of respective frequencies are made to interfere with each other, in-phase components strengthen each other and reverse. The phase component represents an interference pattern obtained by weakening each other. The sharp signal waveform shown in FIG. 3b is equivalent to the received waveform obtained by enlarging the receiving antenna of the conventional microwave radiometer. As a result, it becomes possible to observe the surface of the earth with high resolution.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit.

Example 2. The second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer-type microwave radiometer and 2 is a fixed single beam. Having a receiving antenna,
3 is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, 6 is a demultiplexer, and 7
Is an RF switch.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth are received by the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 4 mounted on the geostationary satellite.
The reception signal received by the reception antenna 2 goes to the RF switch 7 after the polarization separation of the reception signal is performed by the polarization splitter 6. The RF switch 7 is a switch for selecting a reception signal of any polarization component, and only the reception signal of the polarization component selected by the RF switch 7 is the low noise receiver 3.
Head to. The low noise receiver 3 performs frequency sweeping, amplification and detection of a reception signal received by the reception antenna 2. The received signal detected by the low noise receiver 3 is subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit,
It is transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. Observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing for interfering with each other the reception signals of polarized waves selected by processing equipment (not shown). , The thermal image corresponding to the polarization of the earth's surface can be obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit.

Example 3. Hereinafter, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer type microwave radiometer and 2 is a fixed single beam. Having a receiving antenna,
3 is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, and 6 is a polarization splitter.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth are received by the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 5 mounted on the geostationary satellite.
The reception signal received by the reception antenna 2 is subjected to polarization separation of the reception signal by the polarization splitter 6, and then goes to the low noise receivers 3a and 3b provided for each polarization. The low-noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweep, amplification, and detection of the reception signal having one polarization component received by the reception antenna 2. Further, the low noise receiver 3b performs frequency sweep, amplification and detection of the reception signal having the other polarization component. The received signals detected by the low noise receivers 3a and 3b are subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. Observed signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing by a processing facility (not shown) to cause the received signals for each polarization to interfere with each other. A thermal image is obtained for each polarization on the surface.

Since FIG. 2 shows the case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit.

Embodiment 4 FIG. Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer-type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a fixed single beam. Having a receiving antenna,
3 is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, and 8 is a group demultiplexer.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
The microwave noise radio wave radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth is received by the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 6 mounted on the geostationary satellite.
The reception signal received by the reception antenna 2 is frequency-separated by the group demultiplexer 8 for each frequency band of the reception signal, and then the low noise receivers 3a and 3b provided for each frequency band.
Head to. The low-noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweep, amplification, and detection of the reception signal for one frequency band received by the reception antenna 2. Further, the low noise receiver 3b performs frequency sweep, amplification and detection of the received signal for the other frequency band. The received signals detected by the low noise receivers 3a and 3b are subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1 on a geostationary orbit.
This is an example when b is arranged. Observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing for interfering the reception signals for each frequency band by processing equipment (not shown),
A thermal image of each frequency on the surface of the earth is obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, here, the case where the frequency band is two frequencies has been described, but it goes without saying that the frequency band may be three or more frequencies.

Example 5. Embodiment 5 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer type microwave radiometer and 2 is a fixed single beam. Having a receiving antenna,
3 is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, 6 is a demultiplexer, and 8
Is a group branching filter.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
The microwave noise radio wave radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth is received by the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 7 mounted on the geostationary satellite.
The reception signal received by the reception antenna 2 is subjected to frequency separation for each frequency band of the reception signal by the group demultiplexer 8, and then goes to the demultiplexers 6a and 6b provided for each frequency band. The received signals demultiplexed by the demultiplexers 6a and 6b are used as low-noise receivers 3 for each frequency band and polarization.
Head to any of a, 3b, 3c and 3d. The low-noise receivers 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d perform frequency sweeping, amplification, and detection of the received signal for each frequency band and polarization component. The received signals detected by the low noise receivers 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are processed by the signal processor 5 as A
After the D / D conversion and the formatting, it is transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b on a geostationary orbit.
This is an example of the case where is arranged. Observed signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing for interfering the received signals for each frequency band and polarization with a processing facility (not shown). As a result, a thermal image of each frequency and polarization on the surface of the earth is obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, here, the case where the frequency band is two frequencies has been described, but it goes without saying that the frequency band may be three or more frequencies.

Example 6. Embodiment 6 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer type microwave radiometer and 2 is a fixed multi-beam. Receiving antennas, 3
Is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, and 9 is a distributor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the object to be observed on the surface of the earth are received by the fixed multi-beam of the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 8 mounted on the geostationary satellite. The antenna temperature T _A received by each beam of the receiving antenna 2 is represented by the above-mentioned formula 1. In the above equation 1, G (Ω) is a gain function corresponding to the beam of the receiving antenna 1, T _B (Ω) is the brightness temperature of the observation target, and Ω is a solid angle. The receiving antenna 2 is previously installed at a predetermined angle with respect to the geostationary satellite so that the antenna beam direction of the receiving antenna 2 is a predetermined direction with respect to the surface of the earth. The reception signal received by the fixed multi-beam of the reception antenna 2 is distributed by the distributor 9 as a reception signal corresponding to the beam. One of the received signals distributed by the distributor 9 goes to the low noise receiver 3a, and the low noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweep of the received signal corresponding to the beam of the receiving antenna 2. The frequency sweep width of the low-noise receiver 3a is a predetermined width determined according to the surface resolution required for the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1. The other received signal distributed by the distributor 9 goes to the low noise receiver 3b, and the low noise receiver 3b performs frequency sweep of the received signal corresponding to the beam of the receiving antenna 2. The received signals amplified and detected by the low noise receivers 3a and 3b are subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as observation signals by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1 are arranged on a geostationary orbit. These two interferometric microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground
The observation signal from is subjected to signal processing that interferes with each other's signals for each beam by processing equipment (not shown),
A thermal image of the earth's surface can be obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows the case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, although the case where the number of multi-beams is 2 has been described here, it goes without saying that the number of beams may be 3 or more.

Example 7. Embodiment 7 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer-type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a fixed multi-beam. Receiving antennas, 3
Is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, 6 is a demultiplexer, 7 is an RF switch, and 9 is a distributor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth are received by the fixed multi-beam of the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 9 mounted on the geostationary satellite. The reception signal received by the fixed multi-beam of the reception antenna 2 is distributed by the distributor 9 as a reception signal corresponding to the beam. One of the received signals distributed by the distributor 9 goes to the RF switch 7a after the polarization separation of the received signal is performed by the polarization splitter 6a. The RF switch 7a is a switch for selecting a reception signal of any polarization component, and only the reception signal of the polarization component selected by the RF switch 7a goes to the low noise receiver 3a. The low noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweeping, amplification and detection of a reception signal received by the reception antenna 2. The same operation is performed on the other received signal distributed by the distributor 9 to the low noise receiver 3b. In the low noise receiver 3b, the frequency sweep and amplification of the received signal corresponding to the beam of the receiving antenna 2 and Detection is performed. The received signals detected by the low noise receivers 3a and 3b are subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. The observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are processed by a signal processing device (not shown) that causes the reception signals of the polarized waves selected for each beam to interfere with each other. Performed, a polarized thermal image of the Earth's surface is obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, although the case where the number of multi-beams is 2 has been described here, it goes without saying that the number of beams may be 3 or more.

Example 8. Embodiment 8 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of an interferometer type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer type microwave radiometer and 2 is a fixed multi-beam. Having a receiving antenna,
3 is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, 6 is a demultiplexer, and 9
Is a distributor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG. Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth are received by the fixed multi-beam of the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. The reception signal received by the fixed multi-beam of the reception antenna 2 is distributed by the distributor 9 as a reception signal corresponding to the beam. One of the reception signals distributed by the distributor 9 goes to the low noise receivers 3a and 3b provided for each polarization after the polarization separation of the reception signal is performed by the polarization splitter 6a. The low-noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweep, amplification, and detection of a beam-corresponding reception signal having one polarization component received by the reception antenna 2. Further, the low noise receiver 3b performs frequency sweeping, amplification and detection of the reception signal corresponding to the beam having the other polarization component. The other received signal distributed by the distributor 9 is subjected to polarization separation of the received signal by the demultiplexer 6b, and then the same operation is performed, so that the beams of the receiving antenna 2 are received by the low noise receivers 3c and 3d. Frequency sweeping and amplification and detection of the corresponding received signal are performed. The received signals detected by the low noise receivers 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are A / D converted and formatted by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as observation signals by a transmitter (not shown). It On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. The observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing for interfering the reception signals of each polarization for each beam by processing equipment (not shown). Thus, a thermal image of each polarized wave on the surface of the earth can be obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, although the case where the number of multi-beams is 2 has been described here, it goes without saying that the number of beams may be 3 or more.

Example 9. The ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer type microwave radiometer and 2 is a fixed multi-beam. Having a receiving antenna,
3 is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, 8 is a group demultiplexer, and 9
Is a distributor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG. Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth are received by the fixed multi-beam of the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. The reception signal received by the fixed multi-beam of the reception antenna 2 is distributed by the distributor 9 as a reception signal corresponding to the beam. One of the received signals distributed by the distributor 9 is subjected to frequency separation for each frequency band of the received signal by the group demultiplexer 8a, and then goes to the low noise receivers 3a and 3b provided for each frequency band. The low-noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweeping, amplification, and detection of the reception signal corresponding to the beam for one frequency band received by the reception antenna 2. Further, the low noise receiver 3b performs frequency sweeping, amplification and detection of the reception signal corresponding to the beam for the other frequency band. The same operation is performed on the other reception signal distributed by the distributor 9, and the low noise receivers 3c and 3d perform frequency sweeping, amplification, and detection of the reception signal corresponding to the beam of the reception antenna 2. Low noise receivers 3a, 3b, 3c
The received signal detected in 3d and 3d is subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite arranged at a predetermined interval on the geostationary orbit.
After the same operation is performed by the transmitter, it is transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. Observed signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing for interfering the received signals for each frequency band for each beam by processing equipment (not shown). Thus, a thermal image of each frequency on the surface of the earth is obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, although the case where the frequency band is 2 frequencies and the number of multi-beams is 2 has been described here, it goes without saying that a multi-frequency of 3 frequencies or more and a number of multi-beams of 2 beams or more may be used.

Example 10. Hereinafter, Example 10 of the present invention
Will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer-type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a fixed multi-beam. The receiving antenna has, 3 is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, 6 is a demultiplexer, 8 is a group demultiplexer, and 9 is a distributor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG. Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth are received by the fixed multi-beam of the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. The reception signal received by the fixed multi-beam of the reception antenna 2 is distributed by the distributor 9 as a reception signal corresponding to the beam. One of the received signals distributed by the distributor 9 is subjected to frequency separation for each frequency band of the received signal by the group demultiplexer 8a, and then goes to the demultiplexers 6a and 6b provided for each frequency band. The received signals separated by the polarization splitters 6a and 6b are low-noise receivers 3a, 3b, 3 provided for each frequency band and polarization.
Go to either c or 3d. Low noise receivers 3a, 3
In b, 3c, and 3d, the frequency sweep, amplification, and detection of the reception signal corresponding to the beam for each frequency band and polarization component are performed. The same operation is performed for the other received signal distributed by the distributor 9, and the low noise receivers 3e, 3f, 3g, and 3h perform frequency sweeping of the received signal corresponding to the beam for each frequency band and polarization component. Amplification and detection are performed. Low noise receiver 3
The received signals detected by a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g and 3h are subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. Observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are processed by a processing facility (not shown) so that the reception signals of each frequency band and polarization of each beam interfere with each other. Is performed to obtain a thermal image of each frequency and polarization of the surface of the earth.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, although the case where the frequency band is 2 frequencies and the number of multi-beams is 2 has been described here, it goes without saying that a multi-frequency of 3 frequencies or more and a number of multi-beams of 2 beams or more may be used.

Example 11. Hereinafter, Example 11 of the present invention
Will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer-type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a variable single beam. The receiving antenna, 3 is a low noise receiver, and 5 is a signal processor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
The microwave noise radio wave radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth is received by the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 1 mounted on the geostationary satellite.
The antenna temperature T _A received by the receiving antenna 2 is represented by the above-mentioned formula 1. In the above equation 1, G (Ω) is the gain function of the receiving antenna 1, T _B (Ω) is the brightness temperature of the observation target, and Ω is the solid angle. The beam direction of the receiving antenna 2 can be changed by electronic or mechanical means so that the antenna beam direction of the receiving antenna 2 is a predetermined direction with respect to the surface of the earth. Next, the low noise receiver 3 sweeps the frequency of the signal received by the receiving antenna 2. The frequency sweep width of the low noise receiver 3 is a predetermined width that is determined according to the surface resolution required for the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Thereafter, the reception signal amplified and detected by the low noise receiver 3 is subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1 are arranged on a geostationary orbit. The observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing by a processing facility (not shown) to interfere with each other, and a thermal image of the surface of the earth is obtained. can get.

Since FIG. 2 shows the case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit.

Example 12 Hereinafter, Example 12 of the present invention
Will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a variable single beam The receiving antenna which it has, 3 is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, 6 is a demultiplexer, and 7 is an RF switch.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth are received by the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 4 mounted on the geostationary satellite.
The reception signal received by the reception antenna 2 goes to the RF switch 7 after the polarization separation of the reception signal is performed by the polarization splitter 6. The RF switch 7 is a switch for selecting a reception signal of any polarization component, and only the reception signal of the polarization component selected by the RF switch 7 is the low noise receiver 3.
Head to. The low noise receiver 3 performs frequency sweeping, amplification and detection of a reception signal received by the reception antenna 2. The received signal detected by the low noise receiver 3 is subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit,
It is transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. Observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing for interfering with each other the reception signals of polarized waves selected by processing equipment (not shown). , The thermal image corresponding to the polarization of the earth's surface can be obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows the case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit.

Example 13 Hereinafter, Example 13 of the present invention
Will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer-type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a variable single beam. The receiving antenna 3 has a low noise receiver, 5 a signal processor, and 6 a demultiplexer.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth are received by the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 5 mounted on the geostationary satellite.
The reception signal received by the reception antenna 2 is subjected to polarization separation of the reception signal by the polarization splitter 6, and then goes to the low noise receivers 3a and 3b provided for each polarization. The low-noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweep, amplification, and detection of the reception signal having one polarization component received by the reception antenna 2. Further, the low noise receiver 3b performs frequency sweep, amplification and detection of the reception signal having the other polarization component. The received signals detected by the low noise receivers 3a and 3b are subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. Observed signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing by a processing facility (not shown) to cause the received signals for each polarization to interfere with each other. A thermal image is obtained for each polarization on the surface.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit.

Example 14 Hereinafter, Example 14 of the present invention
Will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer-type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a variable single beam. The receiving antenna, 3 is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, and 8 is a group demultiplexer.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
The microwave noise radio wave radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth is received by the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 6 mounted on the geostationary satellite.
The reception signal received by the reception antenna 2 is frequency-separated by the group demultiplexer 8 for each frequency band of the reception signal, and then the low noise receivers 3a and 3b provided for each frequency band.
Head to. The low-noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweep, amplification, and detection of the reception signal for one frequency band received by the reception antenna 2. Further, the low noise receiver 3b performs frequency sweep, amplification and detection of the received signal for the other frequency band. The received signals detected by the low noise receivers 3a and 3b are subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1 on a geostationary orbit.
This is an example when b is arranged. Observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing for interfering the reception signals for each frequency band by processing equipment (not shown),
A thermal image of each frequency on the surface of the earth is obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, here, the case where the frequency band is two frequencies has been described, but it goes without saying that the frequency band may be three or more frequencies.

Example 15. Hereinafter, Example 15 of the present invention
Will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer-type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a variable single beam. The receiving antenna 3 has a low noise receiver, 5 a signal processor, 6 a demultiplexer, and 8 a group demultiplexer.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
The microwave noise radio wave radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth is received by the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 7 mounted on the geostationary satellite.
The reception signal received by the reception antenna 2 is subjected to frequency separation for each frequency band of the reception signal by the group demultiplexer 8, and then goes to the polarization demultiplexers 6a and 6b provided for each frequency band. The received signals demultiplexed by the demultiplexers 6a and 6b are used as low-noise receivers 3 for each frequency band and polarization.
Head to any of a, 3b, 3c and 3d. The low-noise receivers 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d perform frequency sweeping, amplification, and detection of the received signal for each frequency band and polarization component. The received signals detected by the low noise receivers 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are processed by the signal processor 5 as A
After the D / D conversion and the formatting, it is transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b on a geostationary orbit.
This is an example of the case where is arranged. Observed signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing for interfering the received signals for each frequency band and polarization with a processing facility (not shown). As a result, a thermal image of each frequency and polarization on the surface of the earth is obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, here, the case where the frequency band is two frequencies has been described, but it goes without saying that the frequency band may be three or more frequencies.

Example 16. Hereinafter, Example 16 of the present invention
Will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer-type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a variable multi-beam. The receiving antenna, 3 is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, and 9 is a distributor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth are received by the variable multi-beam of the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 8 mounted on the geostationary satellite. The antenna temperature T _A received by each beam of the receiving antenna 2 is represented by the above-mentioned formula 1. In the above equation 1, G (Ω) is a gain function corresponding to the beam of the receiving antenna 1, T _B (Ω) is the brightness temperature of the observation target, and Ω is a solid angle. The beam direction of the receiving antenna 2 can be changed by electronic or mechanical means so that the antenna beam direction of the receiving antenna 2 is a predetermined direction with respect to the surface of the earth. The received signal received by the variable multi-beam of the receiving antenna 2 is distributed as a beam-corresponding received signal by the distributor 9. One of the received signals distributed by the distributor 9 goes to the low noise receiver 3a, and the low noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweep of the received signal corresponding to the beam of the receiving antenna 2. The frequency sweep width of the low-noise receiver 3a is a predetermined width determined according to the surface resolution required for the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1. The other received signal distributed by the distributor 9 goes to the low noise receiver 3b, and the low noise receiver 3b performs frequency sweep of the received signal corresponding to the beam of the receiving antenna 2. The received signals amplified and detected by the low noise receivers 3a and 3b are subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as observation signals by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1 are arranged on a geostationary orbit. Observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing for interfering each other's signals for each beam by a processing facility (not shown) to The thermal image of is obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows the case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, although the case where the number of multi-beams is 2 has been described here, it goes without saying that the number of beams may be 3 or more.

Example 17 Hereinafter, Example 17 of the present invention
Will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a variable multi-beam. The receiving antenna has 3, a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, 6 is a demultiplexer, 7 is an RF switch, and 9 is a distributor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG.
Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the object to be observed on the surface of the earth are received by the variable multi-beam of the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 9 mounted on the geostationary satellite. The received signal received by the variable multi-beam of the receiving antenna 2 is distributed as a beam-corresponding received signal by the distributor 9. One of the received signals distributed by the distributor 9 goes to the RF switch 7a after the polarization separation of the received signal is performed by the polarization splitter 6a. The RF switch 7a is a switch for selecting a reception signal of any polarization component, and only the reception signal of the polarization component selected by the RF switch 7a goes to the low noise receiver 3a. The low noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweeping, amplification and detection of a reception signal received by the reception antenna 2. The same operation is performed on the other received signal distributed by the distributor 9 to the low noise receiver 3b. In the low noise receiver 3b, the frequency sweep and amplification of the received signal corresponding to the beam of the receiving antenna 2 and Detection is performed. The received signals detected by the low noise receivers 3a and 3b are subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. The observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are processed by a signal processing device (not shown) that causes the reception signals of the polarized waves selected for each beam to interfere with each other. Performed, a polarized thermal image of the Earth's surface is obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows the case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, although the case where the number of multi-beams is 2 has been described here, it goes without saying that the number of beams may be 3 or more.

Example 18. Hereinafter, Example 18 of the present invention
Will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. The receiving antenna has 3, a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, 6 is a demultiplexer, and 9 is a distributor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG. Microwave noise radio waves radiated from an observation object on the surface of the earth are received by a variable multi-beam of an interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 10 mounted on a geostationary satellite. The reception signal received by the variable multi-beam of the reception antenna 2 is distributed by the distributor 9 as a reception signal corresponding to the beam. One of the reception signals distributed by the distributor 9 goes to the low noise receivers 3a and 3b provided for each polarization after the polarization separation of the reception signal is performed by the polarization splitter 6a. The low-noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweep, amplification, and detection of a beam-corresponding reception signal having one polarization component received by the reception antenna 2.
Further, the low noise receiver 3b performs frequency sweeping, amplification and detection of the reception signal corresponding to the beam having the other polarization component. The other received signal distributed by the distributor 9 is subjected to polarization separation of the received signal by the polarization demultiplexer 6b, and then the same operation is performed to perform the low noise receivers 3c and 3d.
In, the frequency sweep, amplification and detection of the reception signal corresponding to the beam of the reception antenna 2 are performed. Low noise receiver 3a,
The received signals detected by 3b, 3c and 3d are subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as observation signals by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. The observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing for interfering the reception signals of each polarization for each beam by processing equipment (not shown). Thus, a thermal image of each polarized wave on the surface of the earth can be obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, although the case where the number of multi-beams is 2 has been described here, it goes without saying that the number of beams may be 3 or more.

Example 19 Hereinafter, Example 19 of the present invention
Will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a variable multi-beam. The receiving antenna has 3, a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, 8 is a group demultiplexer, and 9 is a distributor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG. Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth are received by the variable multi-beam of the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. The reception signal received by the variable multi-beam of the reception antenna 2 is distributed by the distributor 9 as a reception signal corresponding to the beam. One of the received signals distributed by the distributor 9 is subjected to frequency separation for each frequency band of the received signal by the group demultiplexer 8a, and then goes to the low noise receivers 3a and 3b provided for each frequency band. The low-noise receiver 3a performs frequency sweeping, amplification, and detection of the reception signal corresponding to the beam for one frequency band received by the reception antenna 2. Further, the low noise receiver 3b performs frequency sweeping, amplification and detection of the reception signal corresponding to the beam for the other frequency band. The same operation is performed on the other reception signal distributed by the distributor 9, and the low noise receivers 3c and 3d perform frequency sweeping, amplification, and detection of the reception signal corresponding to the beam of the reception antenna 2. Low noise receivers 3a, 3b, 3c
The received signal detected in 3d and 3d is subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). On the other hand, the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite arranged at a predetermined interval on the geostationary orbit.
After the same operation is performed by the transmitter, it is transmitted to the ground as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. Observed signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are subjected to signal processing for interfering the received signals for each frequency band for each beam by processing equipment (not shown). Thus, a thermal image of each frequency on the surface of the earth is obtained.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, although the case where the frequency band is 2 frequencies and the number of multi-beams is 2 has been described here, it goes without saying that a multi-frequency of 3 frequencies or more and a number of multi-beams of 2 beams or more may be used.

Example 20. Hereinafter, Example 20 of the present invention
Will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the structure of an interferometer type microwave radiometer of the present invention mounted on a geostationary satellite to observe the surface of the earth. In the figure, 1 is an interferometer type microwave radiometer, and 2 is a variable multi-beam. The receiving antenna has, 3 is a low noise receiver, 5 is a signal processor, 6 is a demultiplexer, 8 is a group demultiplexer, and 9 is a distributor.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIG. Microwave noise radio waves radiated from the observation object on the surface of the earth are received by the variable multi-beam of the receiving antenna 2 of the interferometer type microwave radiometer 1a shown in FIG. 12 mounted on the geostationary satellite. The reception signal received by the variable multi-beam of the reception antenna 2 is distributed by the distributor 9 as a reception signal corresponding to the beam. One of the received signals distributed by the distributor 9 is subjected to frequency separation for each frequency band of the received signal by the group demultiplexer 8a, and then goes to the demultiplexers 6a and 6b provided for each frequency band. The received signals separated by the polarization splitters 6a and 6b are low-noise receivers 3a, 3b, 3 provided for each frequency band and polarization.
Go to either c or 3d. Low noise receivers 3a, 3
In b, 3c, and 3d, the frequency sweep, amplification, and detection of the reception signal corresponding to the beam for each frequency band and polarization component are performed. The same operation is performed for the other received signal distributed by the distributor 9, and the low noise receivers 3e, 3f, 3g, and 3h perform frequency sweeping of the received signal corresponding to the beam for each frequency band and polarization component. Amplification and detection are performed. Low noise receiver 3
The received signals detected by a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g and 3h are subjected to A / D conversion and formatting by the signal processor 5, and then as an observation signal by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. On the other hand, after the same operation is performed by the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1b mounted on another geostationary satellite which is arranged at a predetermined interval in the geostationary orbit, an observation signal is obtained by a transmitter (not shown). It is transmitted to the ground. FIG. 2 shows an example in which two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on a geostationary orbit. Observation signals from these two interferometer-type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b received on the ground are processed by a processing facility (not shown) so that the reception signals of each frequency band and polarization of each beam interfere with each other. Is performed to obtain a thermal image of each frequency and polarization of the surface of the earth.

Since FIG. 2 shows a case where two interferometer type microwave radiometers 1a and 1b are arranged on the geostationary satellite, the sharp interference pattern shown in FIG. 3b is obtained by the interferometer type microwave radiometer. Only the arranging direction of 1a and 1b. Therefore, since an interference pattern cannot be obtained in the direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction, the ground surface resolution in this direction becomes poor. In order to enable high-resolution observation in any direction, it is necessary to place three or more geostationary satellites equipped with the interferometer-type microwave radiometer 1 in orbit. Further, although the case where the frequency band is 2 frequencies and the number of multi-beams is 2 has been described here, it goes without saying that a multi-frequency of 3 frequencies or more and a number of multi-beams of 2 beams or more may be used.

[0111]

As described above, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the interferometer type microwave radiometer is composed of the fixed single beam antenna, the low noise receiver and the signal processor, and the geostationary orbit is obtained. Since a plurality of them are arranged on the upper side, there is an effect that observation of the earth surface in a predetermined direction can be performed with high resolution.

Further, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the interferometer type microwave radiometer is equipped with a fixed single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, an RF switch,
Since it consists of a demultiplexer and is placed in multiple geostationary orbits, it is possible to observe the earth's surface in a certain direction with high resolution and to observe polarization switching.

Furthermore, according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the interferometer type microwave radiometer is composed of a fixed single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a demultiplexer, and is stationary. Since a plurality of orbits are placed at orbital intervals on the orbit, it is possible to observe the earth's surface in a given direction with high resolution and simultaneously observe multi-polarized waves.

Furthermore, according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the interferometer type microwave radiometer is composed of a fixed single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor and a group demultiplexer, and is stationary. Since a plurality of orbits are arranged at predetermined intervals on the orbit, it is possible to observe the earth's surface in a predetermined direction with high resolution and also to perform multi-frequency observation.

Further, according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the interferometer type microwave radiometer is equipped with a fixed single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, and a demultiplexer. Since it is composed of and, and a plurality of them are arranged on the geostationary orbit at a predetermined interval, there is an effect that observation of the earth surface in a predetermined direction can be performed with high resolution and simultaneous observation of multiple frequencies and multiple polarizations can be performed.

Further, according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, an interferometer type microwave radiometer is composed of a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor and a distributor, and the on-orbit Since a plurality of them are arranged at predetermined intervals on the earth, there is an effect that observation of the earth surface in a plurality of predetermined directions can be performed with high resolution.

Further, according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the interferometer type microwave radiometer is equipped with a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, an RF switch,
It consists of a demultiplexer and a distributor, and a plurality of them are placed on the geostationary orbit at predetermined intervals, so that the observation of the earth's surface in multiple predetermined directions can be performed with high resolution, and polarization switching observation can be performed. .

Further, according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention, an interferometer type microwave radiometer is composed of a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a demultiplexer and a distributor. Since it is configured and a plurality of geostationary orbits are arranged at predetermined intervals, it is possible to observe the earth's surface in a plurality of predetermined directions with high resolution and to simultaneously observe multiple polarizations.

Further, according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention, the interferometer type microwave radiometer is composed of a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer and a distributor. Since it is configured and a plurality of geostationary orbits are arranged at a predetermined interval, it is possible to observe the earth surface in a plurality of predetermined directions with high resolution and to perform multi-frequency observation.

Further, according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention,
The interferometer-type microwave radiometer is composed of a fixed multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, a polarization demultiplexer, and a distributor, with a predetermined interval on the geostationary orbit. Since a plurality of them are arranged in, the observation of the earth's surface in a plurality of predetermined directions can be performed with high resolution, and at the same time, multi-frequency and multi-polarization simultaneous observation can be performed.

Furthermore, according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention,
The interferometer-type microwave radiometer is composed of a variable single-beam antenna, a low-noise receiver, and a signal processor. There is an effect that can be done with resolution.

Furthermore, according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention,
The interferometer type microwave radiometer is composed of a variable single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, an RF switch, and a demultiplexer. , It is possible to observe the earth surface in any direction with high resolution and to observe polarization switching.

Furthermore, according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention,
Since the interferometer type microwave radiometer is composed of a variable single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a demultiplexer, and a plurality of them are arranged at a predetermined interval on the geostationary orbit,
High-resolution observation of the earth's surface in any direction is possible,
This has the effect of enabling simultaneous observation of multiple polarizations.

Furthermore, according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention,
Since the interferometer type microwave radiometer is composed of a variable single beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a group demultiplexer, and a plurality of them are arranged at a predetermined interval on the geostationary orbit,
High-resolution observation of the earth's surface in any direction is possible,
It has the effect of enabling multi-frequency observation.

Furthermore, according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention,
Interferometer type microwave radiometer is composed of variable single beam antenna, low noise receiver, signal processor, group demultiplexer and polarization demultiplexer. As a result, it is possible to observe the earth's surface in any direction with high resolution, and to observe multiple frequencies and multiple polarizations simultaneously.

Furthermore, according to Embodiment 16 of the present invention,
The interferometer-type microwave radiometer is composed of a variable multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, and a distributor. The direction can be observed with high resolution.

Further, according to Embodiment 17 of the present invention,
Interferometer type microwave radiometer, variable multi-beam antenna, low noise receiver, signal processor, RF switch,
Since it consists of a demultiplexer and a distributor, and a plurality of geostationary orbits are placed at a predetermined interval, it is possible to observe the earth's surface in multiple arbitrary directions with high resolution, and it is possible to perform polarization switching observation. .

Further, according to the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention,
The interferometer-type microwave radiometer is composed of a variable multi-beam antenna, a low-noise receiver, a signal processor, a demultiplexer, and a distributor. , The observation of the earth's surface in arbitrary arbitrary directions can be performed with high resolution, and the effect of simultaneous multi-polarization observation can be obtained.

Furthermore, according to Embodiment 19 of the present invention,
The interferometer-type microwave radiometer is composed of a variable multi-beam antenna, a low noise receiver, a signal processor, a group demultiplexer, and a distributor. , It is possible to observe the earth's surface in multiple arbitrary directions with high resolution, and to observe multi-frequency observation.

Furthermore, according to Embodiment 20 of the present invention,
Interferometer type microwave radiometer is composed of variable multi-beam antenna, low noise receiver, signal processor, group demultiplexer, polarization demultiplexer, and distributor, with a predetermined interval on the geostationary orbit. Since multiple observations are made, the observation of the earth's surface in arbitrary directions can be performed with high resolution, and simultaneous observation of multiple frequencies and multiple polarizations is possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interferometer type microwave radiometer according to Examples 1 and 11 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an arrangement example on a geosynchronous orbit of an interferometer type microwave radiometer in Examples 1 to 20 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an interference pattern of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer in Examples 1 to 20 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer in embodiments 2 and 12 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer in embodiments 3 and 13 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer in embodiments 4 and 14 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer in embodiments 5 and 15 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer in embodiments 6 and 16 of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer in Examples 7 and 17 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer in Examples 8 and 18 of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer in Examples 9 and 19 of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of an interferometer-type microwave radiometer in Examples 10 and 20 of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a conventional microwave radiometer.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 microwave radiometer, 2 receiving antenna, 3 low noise receiver, 4 integrator, 5 signal processor, 6 demultiplexer,
7 RF switch, 8 group demultiplexer, 9 distributor.

Claims (20)

[Claims] 1. An interferometer type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and a fixed single beam antenna for receiving microwave noise radio waves from the surface of the earth, and frequency sweep of a received signal. And a microwave radiometer equipped with a low noise receiver for performing amplification and detection, and a signal processor for performing A / D conversion and formatting of the detected reception signal, at predetermined intervals on a geostationary orbit. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer, which is capable of observing the earth's surface in a predetermined direction with high resolution by arranging multiple units. 2. An interferometer type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and an RF switch for switching the polarization of a received signal and a demultiplexer for separating the polarization. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to claim 1, wherein the observation of the earth surface in a predetermined direction can be performed with high resolution and polarization switching observation. 3. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, comprising: a demultiplexer for separating polarized waves of a received signal; and a receiver for each polarized wave. In addition, the interferometer type microwave radiometer according to claim 1, characterized in that observation of the earth surface in a predetermined direction can be performed with high resolution and simultaneous multipolarization observation. 4. An interferometer type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and a group demultiplexer for demultiplexing a received signal according to frequency and a receiver for each frequency. In addition, the observation of the earth surface in a predetermined direction can be performed with high resolution and multi-frequency observation.
The described interferometer-type microwave radiometer. 5. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and a group demultiplexer for demultiplexing a received signal according to frequency and a polarized wave of the received signal. By adding a demultiplexer for separation and a receiver for each frequency and for each polarization, it is possible to observe the earth surface in a predetermined direction with high resolution and at the same time with multi-frequency and multi-polarization observation. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to claim 1. 6. A fixed multi-beam antenna for receiving microwave noise radio waves from the surface of the earth in an interferometer-type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and frequency sweep of a received signal. And a low noise receiver for performing amplification and detection, and A of the received signal detected.
By arranging a plurality of microwave radiometers equipped with signal processors for D / D conversion and formatting at fixed intervals on a geostationary orbit, observation of the earth's surface in multiple predetermined directions can be performed with high resolution. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer. 7. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, wherein an RF switch for switching the polarization of a received signal and a demultiplexer for separating the polarization. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to claim 6, wherein the observation of the earth's surface in a plurality of predetermined directions can be performed with high resolution and polarization switching observation. 8. An interferometer type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, comprising: a demultiplexer for separating polarized waves of a received signal; and a receiver for each polarized wave. 7. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to claim 6, characterized in that the observation of the surface of the earth in a plurality of predetermined directions can be performed with high resolution and simultaneous multipolarization observation. 9. An interferometer type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and a group demultiplexer for demultiplexing a received signal according to frequency and a receiver for each frequency. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to claim 6, characterized in that the observation of the surface of the earth in a plurality of predetermined directions can be performed with high resolution and multi-frequency observation. 10. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and a group demultiplexer for demultiplexing a received signal according to frequency and a polarized wave of the received signal. By adding a demultiplexer for separation and a receiver for each frequency and polarization, high-resolution simultaneous observation of the Earth's surface in multiple predetermined directions and simultaneous multi-frequency and multi-polarization observation can be performed. The interferometer type microwave radiometer according to claim 6. 11. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, a variable single-beam antenna for receiving microwave noise radio waves from the surface of the earth, and frequency sweep of a received signal. And a microwave radiometer equipped with a low noise receiver for performing amplification and detection, and a signal processor for performing A / D conversion and formatting of the detected reception signal, at predetermined intervals on a geostationary orbit. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe the earth's surface in any direction with high resolution by arranging a plurality of them. 12. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and an RF switch for switching the polarization of a received signal and a demultiplexer for separating the polarization. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to claim 11, wherein the observation of the earth surface in any direction can be performed with high resolution and by polarization switching observation. 13. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, comprising: a demultiplexer for separating polarized waves of a received signal; and a receiver for each polarized wave. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to claim 11, characterized in that the observation of the earth surface in an arbitrary direction can be performed with high resolution and simultaneous multipolarization observation. 14. An interferometer type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and a group demultiplexer for demultiplexing a received signal according to frequency and a receiver for each frequency. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to claim 11, characterized in that the observation of the earth surface in any direction can be performed with high resolution and multi-frequency observation. 15. An interferometer type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and a group demultiplexer for demultiplexing a received signal according to frequency and a polarization of the received signal. By adding a demultiplexer for separation and a receiver for each frequency and polarization, it is possible to observe the earth surface in any direction with high resolution and simultaneous multi-frequency and multi-polarization observation. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to claim 11. 16. An interferometer type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and a variable multi-beam antenna for receiving microwave noise radio waves from the surface of the earth, and frequency sweep of a received signal. And a microwave radiometer equipped with a low noise receiver for performing amplification and detection, and a signal processor for performing A / D conversion and formatting of the detected reception signal, at predetermined intervals on a geostationary orbit. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer that can observe multiple directions on the earth's surface with high resolution by arranging a plurality of them. 17. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and an RF switch for switching the polarization of a received signal and a demultiplexer for separating the polarization. 17. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to claim 16, characterized in that the observation of the earth's surface in arbitrary plural directions can be performed with high resolution by polarization switching observation. 18. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, comprising: a demultiplexer for separating polarized waves of a received signal, and a receiver for each polarized wave. In addition, observation of the earth's surface in multiple arbitrary directions has high resolution,
Moreover, it is possible to perform simultaneous multi-polarization observation.
6. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer described in 6. 19. An interferometer-type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and a group demultiplexer for demultiplexing a received signal according to frequency and a receiver for each frequency. 17. The interferometer-type microwave radiometer according to claim 16, characterized in that the observation of the earth surface in arbitrary plural directions can be performed with high resolution and multi-frequency observation. 20. An interferometer type microwave radiometer mounted on a geostationary satellite for observing the surface of the earth, and a group demultiplexer for demultiplexing a received signal according to frequency and a polarized wave of the received signal. By adding a demultiplexer for separation and a receiver for each frequency and polarization, high-resolution simultaneous observation of the earth's surface in multiple directions and simultaneous observation of multiple frequencies and multiple polarizations can be performed. The interferometer type microwave radiometer according to claim 16.