JPH08229591A - Method for circulative filtration of water and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To effectively circulate and filter the withdrawn water or sucked water by passing the water through a filter device in which useful bacterium spore-contg. compds., silica sources and magnesium sources are packed in the case the waste materials included in the water in a tank is subjected to a cleaning treatment and is cyclically used. CONSTITUTION: The withdrawn water or sucked water is passed through the filter device in which the useful bacterium spore-contg. compds., silica sources and magnesium sources are packed, by which the water is circulated and filtered in the case the waste materials included in the water in the tank is subjected to the cleaning treatment and is cyclically used. A net container 5 is housed in a cylindrical container 4 provided with a withdrawn water introducing port 2 in its bottom and a filtered water delivery port 3 in its cap part, respectively, of, for example, a small-sized filter 1 to be built in a thermostatic purifying device, etc., for home baths. Calcite, zeolite, ceramic balls, granite porphyry and non-woven fabric filter are packed successively from below into the net container 5. Useful bacteria, etc., are implanted on the surfaces of the respective packing materials and the water is thereby filtered.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to improvement of a method and apparatus for circulating and filtering water, including bath water, pool water and hot water pool water.
The present invention relates to a novel method and apparatus for stably and reliably purifying waste substances and excrements contained in water of aquariums for aquatic animals over a long period of time.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In managing bathtubs in which public baths, hotels, and inns are open to the public, it is essential to replace bathtubs, wash bathtubs, clean strainers, etc. every day. Furthermore, every time a bather takes a bath, the hot water overflowing from the bath is discharged randomly, and cold water is added each time to warm the bath to an appropriate temperature. This must be avoided in order to prevent the bath water from becoming polluted and contaminated by skin waste and other contaminants brought in by the bather.
The heat loss and labor consumption due to replacement and discharge are extremely large.

Therefore, conventionally, efforts have been made to reduce the contamination and pollution of the bath water as much as possible to reduce the additional water or continuously use the bath water. For example, various filtrations using a simple filter medium, filtrations using an adsorbent as a filter medium, biological filtrations in which microorganisms are implanted on the filter medium, and combinations of these and mineral elution filter mediums have been proposed and put into practical use.

Further, recently, small-sized home filters have begun to appear on the market. It has a built-in heater for 2
Various things such as those that can be bathed for 4 hours and those that have a function called a bubble jet that has a function of spraying filtered water with air are provided.

Since water in the pool is also contaminated with human wastes and other pollutants like the bath water, the water is circulated and filtered as in the bath water. Furthermore, sterilization is performed with a chlorine agent such as sodium hypochlorite. However, if the concentration of the bactericide is low, the bactericidal effect is low.
Biological treatment of wastewater is also difficult.

In addition, in the case of a breeding tank for ornamental fish and aquatic animals in an aquarium, the water in the breeding tank is constantly polluted by excretions such as fish and rotten residual food. Therefore, the water in the tank is circulated, and in the process, filtration by glass wool and adsorption filtration by zeolite and activated carbon are performed. However, it is difficult to completely remove nutrients such as nitrogen in water, and eutrophication causes phytoplankton to propagate and adhere to glass surfaces. For this reason, it requires considerable care such as collecting the remaining food and cleaning the glass surface several times a month. Moreover, since it is not possible to sterilize with a chlorine agent, it is often seen that even if one fish is infested with pathogenic fungi or bacteria, it will spread to the fish again and the fish in the aquarium will be wiped out.

[0007]

The present invention will be described below, taking the case of cleaning bath water as an example. Many conventional filter media for treating bath water, whether for commercial use (bathhouse use) or household use, cause the propagation of various bacteria, especially spoilage bacteria, and have the effects of biofiltration and bioactivated minerals and hot spring effects. As he insisted, no biological treatment was carried out, and it was merely physical filtration. There are also those that advocate biofilm treatment and have no effective bacterial growth, or those that grow various spoilage bacteria called malignant bacteria. When the present inventor conducted a culturing experiment on bacteria adhering to the filter media and filters, the presence of bacteria decomposing nutrients adhering to the filter media etc. was hardly found in many cases. On the contrary, E. coli, cocci, and staphylococci were present in a considerable number of cases. Furthermore, a completely contradictory device is also commercially available that is used in combination with ultraviolet sterilization (ultraviolet rays not only destroy microbial tissue but also ozone-oxygenate) and ozone sterilization while performing biological treatment. Therefore, it is difficult to maintain long-term water quality in a bathhouse using these instruments and devices, and it is necessary to wash and dismantle the instruments, pipes, filter media, etc. at least once every 1-2 months.
It was a heavy burden on the installer.

On the other hand, as a mechanical problem, an excessive amount of circulating water is obtained from a place where filth and dead carcass of bacteria are prevented from settling in the bathtub and a feeling of cleanliness of the bath water is visually obtained, and as a result, a flow velocity in the filter is obtained. Was too large, and the contact time of the filter media and the contact time of the organisms were extremely short, resulting in an instrument or device that is not required to have the biological treatment effect. In addition, filtered water is often used as a jet jet (bubble jet), which requires a large amount of circulating water. Moreover, in many devices, the flow rate is ensured by a pass (short circuit) without contact between the filter medium or the biofilm and the running water in many devices.

The above is clear from the current situation survey described below. (1) Survey of bacteria in the current filtration cylinder To investigate the bacteria adhering to the ceramic balls, barley stones, fiber filters, etc. filled in the biological filtration cylinder (for bath water) currently in operation, agar is used. A fixed amount of them was planted in a medium and cultured at 32 ° C. for 7 days. As a result, it was found that 1,700 to 2,000 cocci / ml and 300 to 500 staphylococci / coccus adhered to these filter media. Note that useful bacteria (detailed below) effective for decomposing and removing waste products (organic substances) are attached only to bakuhanishi in an amount of only about 50 / ml. That is,
It was found that there are few useful bacteria that should be involved in biological treatment, and that Escherichia coli, cocci, staphylococci, etc. occupy the majority of adherent fungi. Such a situation entails great danger and must be improved promptly. In addition, by prioritizing useful bacteria, they disappear (detailed below). Therefore, it became clear that these filter media only perform physical filtration. However,
Mineral elution is done.

(2) Residence time in filtration cylinder In the case of a commercial filtration cylinder, the retention time in the filtration cylinder is often around 1 minute. This is because the amount of water passing through the filter cylinder (the amount of filtered water) is extremely large. For example, although the device shown in FIG. 8 is a device having a considerably excellent purification capacity, the residence time in the filtration cylinder is still about 1.2 minutes (the outer cylinder volume 60 of the filtration cylinder a).
(0 liter, 500 liters / min passing through the filter cylinder). Moreover, in order to secure a large amount of passing water, the filter medium b is
There are many types in which the three small filter medium filling cylinders c are filled. Therefore, considering the resistance of the filter medium, the surface contact of the filter medium-filled cylinder and the passage of the filter medium for a very short time are not considered to be sufficient for biological treatment. Further, in the case of a small-sized filter for home use, since the volume inside the filter cylinder is small and the filtered water is often used as a bubble jet as in the case of commercial use, the residence time inside the filter cylinder is extremely short, about several tens of seconds. Therefore, biological treatment is more difficult than for commercial use.

[0011]

Therefore, the present inventor first proceeded with research on filter media. In conclusion, the ideal filter material and filtration system for bath water satisfy the following requirements. (1) Use of a filter medium (useful bacterial spores-containing material) containing useful bacterial spores in a high concentration in the filter medium. (2) In the filtration cylinder, the growth of bacterial cells (useful bacteria) necessary for biological treatment and the supply of minerals (silica and magnesium) necessary for re-spore formation are carried out to culture and maintain the bacterial cells. Use filter media. More preferably, (3) a filter medium that adsorbs pollutants in a short time and supplies biological nutrients thereafter is also used. (4) To use together with other contact filter media that supplies minerals or implants and grows bacterial cells. (5) Further, a filter may be used at the final stage in order to prevent the washout of the bacteria detached from the implantation.

The useful bacterium referred to in the present invention is a spore-forming aerobic or facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacillus (bacillus genus), which is excellent in starch degradation, protein degradation and lipolysis. It refers to multiple species of bacteria that exhibit potency.

These bacteria were obtained as follows. Bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus represented by Bacillus subtilis are widely distributed in nature such as soil and dead grass, and they are present in the tank of a general human waste treatment plant, although the concentration is low. Therefore, in a digestive tank at an existing human waste treatment plant,
Aerobic treatment was carried out for a long time (at least 6 months or more) in the presence of silicate ion (SiO ₂ : silica component) and magnesium ion, the sludge produced was extracted, and the sludge was inoculated on a flat agar medium at 32 ° C. The strain was isolated by culturing for 6 hours. The obtained strains were more than 30 species, 90% or more of which belong to the genus Bacillus, of which those that decompose and assimilate starch, those that decompose and assimilate proteins (casein),
The materials that decompose and assimilate both of them were included in almost equal parts.
Most strains decomposed and assimilated fat. Further, more than half of the strains of ammonia have the ability to decompose and assimilate hydrogen sulfide by all strains.

Further, the following operations were carried out in order to increase the ability of the bacteria to decompose and assimilate. First, 4 liters of the same sludge (MLSS5,400) as described above is put in a 5 liter bottle, and aeration is continued in a clean bench. To this, potato starch for biological tests, cooked meat, beef extract, and corn oil were added at a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1 in a small amount at the beginning, and gradually increased until a filament was not formed. After 70 days, The addition amount was increased so that the total amount became 40 g, and the addition was continued. Incidentally, 20 mg of monomer silica and 20 mg of magnesium ion were added every day as a slightly acidic aqueous solution, and further evaporation water was supplemented by adding distilled water at appropriate times. After this operation was continued for 6 months, the feeding of nutrients was stopped, and aeration was continued for 5 days (for sporulation), sludge was extracted, and similarly, the starch decomposition, protein decomposition, and lipolysis behavior of each strain was investigated. did.

As a result,

[Table 1] As shown in, the number of strains that decompose both starch and protein is increasing, and the resolution is also increasing. That is, it seems that the acclimation or denaturation of the bacterium has occurred. It should be noted that, when the thickness of the bacterial cells is 1.2 μm as a boundary, the bacterial cells thicker than that decompose starch and the bacterial cells thinner than that decompose protein. Further, 1 to 15 strains (genus Bacillus) occupy 90% or more of the whole, and these are involved in the decomposition of organic matter. It was also revealed that Gram-negative bacilli and yeasts do not have the ability to directly decompose nutrients. Thus, it was clarified that by giving the maximum load to the bacteria within the proper range, the bacterial function was improved or the number of strains having a combined function was increased to show the metamorphosis. These metamorphic bacteria have a high ability to decompose organic substances and have a function suitable for high-load treatment. In the present invention, any of the above-mentioned sludge-derived strains and strains of enhanced digestion and assimilation capacity can be used, but the latter has better treatment capacity. Furthermore, after dehydrating these sludges, in order to decompose and assimilate the carcasses of the coexisting protozoa and to further grow the bacteria of the genus Bacillus, fermentation treatment is added to complete maturation, and the spore concentration is from 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml to 10 ¹¹ The concentration can be increased up to 10 ¹² cells / ml.

[Table 1]

Bacteria of the genus Bacillus require oxygen, silica, and magnesium along with nutrients for germination and growth. If these conditions are satisfied, it has the ability to greedily consume and prioritize nutrients to eliminate other bacteria such as cocci and staphylococci. Also,
When it becomes oligotrophic, it sporulates and germinates by supplying nutrients. Silica is an important substance that constitutes the cell fluid, cell membrane, and spore membrane of useful bacteria, and if this is insufficient, the useful bacteria cannot grow. Further, magnesium has an action of extremely shortening the generation time (growth cycle) of this useful bacterium. This function of silica and magnesium was first discovered by the present inventors. Further, if the temperature is controlled within a certain range, the growth rate becomes faster. The preferable upper limit of the temperature varies depending on the type of useful bacteria.
℃ or 45 ℃, but in the case of bath water 40-42 ℃
Therefore, there is no particular problem. Further, it is sufficient that oxygen is supplied by a bubble jet in the bath. However,
In the case of the present invention, since the amount of water passing through the filter cylinder is reduced in order to prolong the residence time in the filter cylinder, it is preferable to use a separate system for the bubble jet.

Then, as a result of examining various filter media,
Regarding the above (1) and (2), it was concluded that it is most preferable to use a crushed product of square stone or a granulated product of the powder. In other words, square stone has cristobalite-type silica as the main component (90% or more), has an extremely highly porous morphology with voids of 500 Å to several μm throughout, and has a bulk specific gravity of 1.1 to 1.
It is a porous mineral of 1.6 (varies depending on the sampling site). Moreover, innumerable useful bacterial spores are naturally included in the void (this phenomenon was first confirmed by the present inventor), and the spores are activated by water and heating to bring them into a state just before germination. be able to. Further nutrients (human waste, etc.)
When it is supplied, it immediately germinates and decomposes nutrients, and in the presence of minerals necessary for its sporulation, it has the property of sporulation again with the appearance of an oligotrophic state. Therefore, it is a biological filter material obtained in the natural world which is indispensable for the purification treatment of bath water. However, when the square stone is exposed to a high temperature, the spores of the useful bacteria contained therein are killed (it was not killed in the 121 ° C constant temperature box). Therefore, use it in the form of crushed products,
When processing, it is necessary to process at a low temperature of 121 ° C., preferably about 100 ° C. or less. In addition, a crushed product of square stones may be inoculated with useful bacterial spores, or a powder of square stones may be mixed with useful bacterial spores or sludge containing a high concentration thereof and molded to form a filter medium.

Alternatively, as (1), a fiber product containing a large number of useful bacterial spores may be used. This is for example
A useful bacterium is cultured in a liquid medium to isolate its spores, and then further cultured in a dilute liquid medium to sporulate the microbial cells into a thread, a string,
A fiber product (preferably a chemical fiber) such as a rope is repeatedly dipped and pulled up (drained) to be planted in a fiber space, and then dried. As fibers, there are many entangled fibers,
For example, acrylic fiber is suitable.

Further, as (1), a useful bacterial high-concentration spore sludge (active sludge: obtained by multiplying useful bacteria in a wastewater treatment plant rich in silica and magnesium in the same manner as in the present invention.
Those containing at least about 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁹ spores of a useful bacterium are preferable) and those formed by drying or fermentation drying can also be used. Textiles and sludge moldings lack the minerals needed for the growth and re-sporification of useful bacteria. In this case, square stone, barley stone, and other minerals containing minerals may be used together. It is also preferable to use dolomite rich in magnesium.

In regard to (3), among the pollutants in the bath water, a zeolite mineral having a strong adsorbing power for ammoniacal nitrogen, which occupies a particularly large weight, is used. In particular, granulated products using high-quality natural zeolite powder are effective,
Ordinary zeolite powder granulated products or crushed products can also be used. As for (4), barley stone, andesite minerals and volcanic pumice, which elute moderate minerals, are used. These are conventionally used as bath filter media, and all of them can be easily obtained, and they become the implantation of bacteria and elute minerals (silica, magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron, etc.). Work. Further, as (5), it is preferable to use a cotton-like filter made of synthetic fiber such as polyester cotton or acrylic cotton. Thick non-woven fabric can also be used. Cellulosic materials are likely to be decomposed, so it is not preferable except for strong materials such as palm fibers. As long as the requirements (1) and (2) are satisfied, the filter material of the present invention exhibits a considerable effect by itself. However, if zeolite is used in combination with this, the ammonia-based waste products in the bath water can be more effectively removed even if the residence time in the filtration cylinder is somewhat short. High quality natural zeolite powder (reduced and removed clay content)
Since the granulated product of No. 2 has a large adsorption speed and adsorption capacity, its effect is further enhanced. If boiled stone or other filter material is used in combination with this, the filter cleaning step becomes longer and more excellent effect is exhibited.

(Experimental example) 1. Confirmation of useful bacteria in square stone a Square stone was finely crushed in a mortar and 1 g of the fine stone was pulverized in a liquid medium (glucose 0.8%, Neutroeletochrose 0.8%, salt 0) (6%) was placed in a petri dish, sprayed on the dish, and then cultured at 32 ° C. for 7 days. As a result, it was confirmed that a myriad of useful bacteria germinated and sporulated colonies appeared. b Further, useful bacterial spores were isolated from a, transplanted to 300 ml of a liquid medium diluted to 1/10, and cultured and grown at 32 ° C. for 3 days while aerating 50 ml,
Very high useful bacteria colonies appeared in this medium solution, and the concentration of useful bacteria was 5 × 10 ⁹ cells / ml. The measurement was performed by a bio-plotter. c The surface of the square stone was observed by an electron microscope scanning image, and it was confirmed that a large amount of useful bacterial spores were present in the void.

2. Confirmation of Useful Bacteria in Textile Products An acrylic cord in which the spores of the useable bacteria described above are planted in the fiber space is wound around the outer circumference of a stainless drum (60 mmφ). Take 1 liter of pure water in a 1 liter beaker 3
Immerse this stainless steel drum while heating to 2 ° C and
When air was diffused at 00 ml / min × 60 min and observed under a microscope, each useful bacterial spore was in a state of being on the verge of germination (including bacilli) (activation). Then, it is immersed in the diluted liquid medium described above, and 1 ml of silica solution (10 mg of silica, 3 mg of MgO).
(Equivalent) was added and the same aeration and heating were carried out. As a result, germination and growth occurred all at once, and one day later, nutrient decomposition was completed and high concentration spore colonies were formed. (Rare liquid medium is glucose 0.2
%, Neutroeletoclaus 0.2%, and sodium chloride 0.1%). Therefore, it was also clarified that this method can also provide a useful bacterial inoculum. In addition, generally
Since andesite, ceramic balls (porous), etc. do not contain useful bacterial spores, and there are too few useful bacteria that enter the bath water, the high concentration of useful bacteria already mentioned can occur. Therefore, it cannot be said that the biological treatment of the bath water cannot be carried out unless seed bacteria, especially highly concentrated spores are given as seeds.

3. Confirmation of Useful Bacteria in Activated Sludge Molded Article Dewatered sludge from a human waste treatment plant, where treatment with useful bacteria is performed, is dehydrated, and an appropriate amount of silica solution (50 ml / K is added thereto).
g) was added and mixed, and after fermentation treatment, it was molded and air-dried to obtain an activated sludge molded product. Crush this activated sludge molded product,
An aliquot of 1 g was dissolved in 500 ml of pure water, and an appropriate amount was aliquoted to prepare an agar medium (soluble starch,
(Containing protein), and cultured at 32 ° C. for 3 days to germinate. As a result, this sludge contained 5 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1 × 10 5.
It was confirmed that there were ¹¹ useful bacteria spores / g.
Although other yeasts and cocci were slightly present, the priority rate of useful bacteria reached 96%.

4. Examination of Nitrogen-Adsorbing Filter Material An ammonium sulfate solution (1.0 w / w%) was prepared, 50 g of various filtering materials were filled in a condenser, and the ammonium sulfate solution was allowed to flow down at 5 ml / min, so that the filtrate was ammoniacal. Nitrogen was quantified by the Nessler method. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Zeolite products Residual ammonia nitrogen (ppm) Natural zeolite crushed product 5 mm diameter 3.6 Zeolite powder granulated product (pellet) 3 mm φ 2.1 Zeolite powder granulated product (spherical) 5 mm diameter 1.3 High-purity zeolite powder manufacturing Granular product (pellet) 4 mm φ 0.6 As can be seen from Table 2, it was revealed that the high-purity zeolite granulated product is most suitable. Further, these zeolite granules can be said to be very effective, considering that they serve as a carrier for useful bacteria due to their porous nature and contribute to high concentration of useful bacteria by eluting silica and magnesium.

5. Selection of Effective Mineral Supply Filter Material 100 g of each filter material was weighed out, placed in a 1 liter beaker, added with 900 ml of pure water and eluted in an ultrasonic bath (50 KHz) for 30 minutes. The results are shown in Table 3 (No. 1). ), (Part 2)
The appropriate amount is determined for each material and used.

[Table 3] From the above, in consideration of the effect of the physical filter medium, the filter medium is square stone, zeolite, barley stone, ceramic balls (Si
O ₂ · Al ₂ O ₃ ) and the like are suitable, but are not particularly limited. In Table 3, square stones (Cristobal stones) are crushed products of 5 to 8 mm, other stones are crushed products of 5 to 20 mm,
As the ceramic balls and the boiled rice ceramics, spherical products of 5 mm were used.

(Summary of the Treatment Method of the Present Invention) 1. A filter material (square stone) having useful bacterial spores or a fiber product such as a thread, string, rope or the like in which a useful spore is planted or an activated sludge molded product is internally provided in a filtration cylinder or Separately filled in the biological treatment layer, the useful bacteria involved in biological treatment are maintained at a high concentration, and the inflowing nutrients are decomposed at high speed. In this case, the square stone, the inoculum of rope, or the sludge molded product may be used alone or in combination. 2. Adopt a completely new biological filtration method called high concentration of nutrients by high-speed adsorption and its decomposition by useful bacteria. 3. To activate and increase the concentration of useful bacteria, use a filter medium that elutes an appropriate amount of minerals, especially silica and magnesium, and that also works for physical filtration. 4. Make arrangements so that the flow rate of filtered water is compressed so that the contact time with microorganisms in the water is long, and that a pass (short circuit) does not occur or the minimum pass water amount necessary to obtain the water flow in the bathtub. 5. Therefore, in the case of a bathtub, bubble jet should be routed separately from the filtration system. Furthermore, neither ozone aeration nor ultraviolet irradiation, which is harmful to biological treatment, is used together.

(Summary of the device of the present invention) 1. The filtration flow rate is significantly reduced so that the retention time in the filtration cylinder is at least 2 to 3 minutes. When the water temperature is low, such as in a pool or a fish breeding tank, it is preferable to convection for 3 to 10 minutes or longer. 2. Ensure mineral elution that activates useful bacteria. 3. Use a simple filter medium or mineral elution filter medium to prevent the outflow of bacteria that have detached from the implantation. Further, a filter is used in the final stage. 4. Furthermore, due to the fact that the filter cylinder is filled with various types of filter media, a mechanism that can be easily maintained and that exhibits a sufficient treatment effect will be adopted. 5. Eliminate ozone generators and UV irradiation. In carrying out biofilm treatment, blowing ozone into water to dissolve it must be said to be a serious contradiction. Ozone kills not only malignant bacteria but also benign bacteria (useful bacteria) and is harmful to humans. 6. By prioritizing useful bacteria (90% or more), malignant bacteria such as spoilage bacteria disappear. Therefore, the priority process is taken. 7. In the case of a bathtub, as for the jet water flow system, the water absorption is guided separately from the bathtub without using circulating filtered water, and the jet water flow is created in the bathtub by the aspirator effect while pumping or air pumping. Adopt a method that allows Thereby, the flow velocity in the filtration cylinder can be set arbitrarily. In the case of a large tub, it is desirable to install multiple tubs because of the large water resistance. 8. Collect the hot water (surface water) that overflows from the bathtub and reuse it. In this case, the treatment may be performed by combining with the hot water drawn from the bath, but in the groove for receiving the overflow water, the square stone and the zeolite are brought into contact with each other, and then the hot water extracted from the tank is joined. Good. In this case, the useful bacteria germinate here to cause nutrient decomposition and oil aggregation, and at the same time, adsorb ammonia and hydrogen sulphide (zeolite hardly adsorbs hydrogen sulphide) by the zeolite stone, and secondary You may make it decompose | disassemble by the useful bacteria which germinated.

(In the case of aquariums for aquatic animals) In the case of fish tanks for appreciating fish and aquariums, the water temperature is lower than that of bath water, so that the activity of microorganisms becomes low and the treatment speed becomes slow. Therefore, it is necessary to lengthen the residence time of water in the apparatus to at least 3 to 10 minutes or more by increasing the size of the filtering apparatus. Conventionally, adsorption of ammonia and the like by activated carbon and the like was carried out along with filtration by a filter, but it was not possible to eliminate pathogenic bacteria by this alone. By adopting the present invention, it is possible not only to sterilize pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, cocci, and staphylococci, but also to save the time and labor required for regular replacement of activated carbon.

(In the case of pools and hot water pools) In the case of pools and hot water pools, the contaminants in water are almost the same as in the case of bath water, and the present invention can be applied. However, in the case of the hot water pool, the water temperature is still low in the case of the cold water pool, so the same problem as in the case of the aquarium for aquatic animals occurs. Further, since the pool is sterilized with chlorine, if the extracted water is directly passed through the device of the present invention, useful bacteria are killed.
Therefore, it is necessary to perform dechlorination treatment with activated carbon or the like before passing through the filtration device of the present invention. If the treatment is performed by the device of the present invention having a sufficient treatment capacity, chlorine sterilization is not necessary, or even if the chlorine concentration is remarkably reduced, no problem will occur.

[0030]

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. Example 1 FIG. 1 shows an example of a compact filter incorporated in a home bath constant temperature purification device or the like. This small-sized filter 1 contains a net container 5 inside a cylindrical container 4 having a drawing water inlet 2 at the bottom and a filtered water outlet 3 at the lid, and the net container 5 contains square stones and zeolite. , Ceramic balls, barley stones, and a non-woven fabric filter are sequentially filled from below. Instead of the square stone, a fiber product or a sludge molded product containing the above-mentioned useful bacterial spores may be used, and instead of the ceramic ball or the barley stone, pumice or other minerals may be used. The mesh container 5 is supported by an annular metal member 6 provided below the inside of the cylindrical container 4 in order to prevent a short circuit of the bath water, and is stored in a state of being inscribed in the inner wall of the container. Punking may be inserted between the mesh container 5 and the annular metal member 6. The content of this cylindrical container is
3.1 liters, circulating water volume is 1 liter / min. Therefore, the residence time in the filtration cylinder is about 3 minutes.

A constant temperature purification device incorporating this small-sized filter (circulation filtration device) was used in a 250-liter tank (2 for household use).
It was installed in a bath for people) and a continuous operation test was carried out from March 1, 1993 (until the end of August 1994). The cleanliness and transparency of the bath water did not change, and no foul odor was generated. (However, I added the hot water for washing.) Further, when the inside of the filter was inspected, all the surface of the square stone was covered with useful bacteria and its spore colonies, and the adherence of useful bacteria was also found in the zeolite layer. Further, the implantation of useful bacteria was observed on the ceramic balls and the uneven portion of the barley stone filter material on the upper part thereof. In addition, bacteria detached from the carrier were caught on the fiber filter, indicating that the biological treatment was sufficiently performed. This is a high concentration of square stone, useful bacteria attached to zeolite, and spores (1 × 10 ¹⁰ cells / ml)
Was observed, and it is considered that the treatment effect by them was exhibited. In addition, Table 4 shows the quality of bath water after 1 year and 6 months of use.
It was excellent as shown in (1) and (2).

[Table 4] As mentioned above, it has a very good water quality and clarity, and it is a major feature that it dissolves the minerals necessary for activating and increasing the concentration of useful bacteria. showed that. The mineral content in the bath water is SiO ₂ 7
The amounts were 2.0 ppm, MgO2.1 ppm and CaO32.6 ppm. All the metals in Table 4 are oxides.

Comparative Example 1 A cylindrical container (content of 3.
1 liter), insert a mesh container with the surroundings transparent,
This net container was filled with the same barley stone and ceramic balls as in Example 1. This small-sized filter was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the circulating water flow rate was 41 liters / minute (retention time in the filter cylinder was about 4.5 seconds), and the bath water quality after 1 year and 6 months was used. analyzed. The results are shown in Table 4. It should be noted that many of the conventionally used filters have extremely short residence time in the filter cylinder, as in the comparative example.

Embodiment 2 FIG. 2 shows an example of a bath water circulation filtration device for business use. This circulation filtration device 7 is a net container in which a square stone, a spore-containing sludge and dolomite are sequentially filled from the bottom inside a cylindrical container 10 having a drawing water inlet 8 at the bottom and a filtered water outlet 9 at the lid. 11, a net container 12 filled with zeolite, a net container 13 filled with ceramic balls and activated carbon, a net container 14 filled with barley stone, and a fiber filter 15. Each mesh container is framed by an iron plate, and a wire mesh is stretched on the bottom surface and side surfaces of the mesh container, and the lower part of the mesh container is inscribed in the cylindrical container 10. An annular metal fitting 16 for supporting the mesh container 11 is fixedly provided on the lower portion of the inner surface of the cylindrical container 10, and a space for storing a hot water is provided below the annular metal fitting 16. Further, in the figure, reference numeral 17 is a diffusion / deceleration plate provided in the space portion, reference numeral 18 is a drain for cleaning water, reference numeral 19 is a wire mesh for pressing the filter, reference numeral 20 is a pump for introducing drawing water, and reference numeral 21 is filtered water. It is a pump for the delivery port.

This circulating filtration device 7 has a cylindrical container 10 having an internal volume of 340 liters, and 50 kg (15 to 30 mm particles).
Square stone, 10Kg spore-containing sludge, 10Kg dolomite, 95Kg high-purity zeolite granulated product, 80kg (S
Ceramic balls of iO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ , 7 mm particles,
40 kg of granulated activated carbon (3-5 mm), 120 kg (5-
15 mm) of boiled rice stone particles are filled in each, and an acrylic cotton filter plate is installed on the top. Then, it was installed in a bath with a capacity of 5 m ² and continuously used for a long term of 1 year or more at a water flow rate of 150 liters / minute through a filter cylinder. Therefore, the residence time in the filtration cylinder in this circulation filtration device 7 is about
2.3 minutes. At night, the heater was used to operate for 24 hours. In addition, the jet water flow in the bathtub was jetted, and the operation was performed with the introduction of air at 70 l / min. During this test period, do not wash the filter medium, replace the bath water,
The bathtub was not washed at all, and only body water was supplied and only water that was damaged by evaporation was replenished, but even at the end of the test, as shown in Table 4, the turbidity and the transparency were excellent, and E. coli was used. There was nothing but clean water.

The overflowed bath water may be biologically treated in a bath bath recovery treatment tank 33 as shown in FIG. 5 and returned to the bath to reduce the load on the circulation filtration device 7. . The bath hot water recovery treatment tank 33 includes a square stone filter medium 3 in a tank 36 provided with a treated water (overflow bath hot water) introduction pipe 34 and an overflow pipe 35 through which the treated water flows out.
A plurality of mesh filters 38 filled with 7 are installed. In addition to the square stone filter medium 37, when another filter medium filled in the circulation filter device 7 is filled, the treatment efficiency is further improved. When the load is small, the circulating hot water may be introduced into the bath hot water collecting and treating tank 33 together with the overflow water instead of the circulating filtration device 7 for treatment.

Comparative Example 2 A commercial-use filtration cylinder shown in FIG. 8 (outer cylinder capacity: 600 liters, filter media: barley stone and ceramic balls, filter media capacity: 28.3 liters × 3) was used under the same conditions as in Example 2. did. However, since the amount of water passing through the filter cylinder is 500 liters / minute, the residence time in the filter cylinder is about 1.2 minutes. The results are shown in Table 4.

As is clear from Table 4, in the present invention (Example), no pathogenic bacteria were found in the bath water after long-term use
The D and COD were also low, resulting in high cleanliness. It should be noted that the silica and magnesium concentrations are high, which serves as a voucher that useful bacteria are activated. On the other hand, the conventional device (comparative example) has many pathogenic bacteria and miscellaneous bacteria, and BOD and C
It has a high OD and lacks cleanliness.

Example 3 As the circulation filtration device 22, instead of the one shown in FIG. 2, as shown in FIG. 3, an outer cylinder 24 is provided on the outer circumference of a mesh container 23 to form a tank 25, and each outer cylinder 24 of the stacked tanks 25 is provided. Due to the cylindrical container 26
May be configured. In this case, the outer cylinders 24 are water-tightly connected by the connection tool 27, which has an advantage that the filter media can be easily maintained. The filter material of the circulation filtration device 22 of FIG. 3 is a useful bacteria and mineral supply tank 25.
A is filled with a fiber product containing useful bacterial spores and a sludge molded product, and a crushed zeolite product is used as the adsorption tank 25B.
If necessary, increase the number of tanks. Others are the same as in the second embodiment.

Example 4 The circulation filtration device 28 of FIG. 4 is one in which a plurality of (three in the figure) cylindrical vessels 29 are filled with square stones 30, zeolite 31, and barley stones 32, respectively, and they are connected. . This device has a large installation area, but has an advantage that the filter medium can be easily maintained. In addition to the bath water, each of the above-described circulation filtration devices can be used as it is for the purification treatment of pool water and aquarium breeding water. However, since the water temperature is low, it is necessary to make design changes such as increasing the capacity to increase the residence time and connecting a dechlorination treatment device.

Embodiment 5 FIG. 6 shows an example of a filtration device 40 for circulating and filtering the water in the water tank 39 for ornamental fish. The filtering device 40 includes a processing tank 41.
Is divided into four chambers by three partition plates 42, and the two central filtration chambers 43 are filled with a filter medium 44 containing a useful bacterial spore-containing material, a silica source, a magnesium source or the like. The water in the water tank is drawn out by the pump P and fed into the aeration chamber 46 from the treated water introduction pipe 45. The water is treated while naturally flowing down, overflows from the overflow pipe 47 into the discharge chamber 48, and is returned to the water tank 39 through the filter 49. Reference numerals 50 and 51
Is an air diffuser.

Embodiment 6 FIG. 7 shows another example of a filtering device for circulating and filtering water in an aquarium for ornamental fish. The filtration device 52 is installed in a water tank, and a filter medium 54 such as a useful bacterial spore-containing material, a silica source, a magnesium source is filled in a water-permeable container 53, and the treated water is sucked out of the container. A suction port 55 is provided. The suction may be performed by a pump, but convection due to air diffusion may be used as shown in the figure. The permeable structure here is
It means a structure in which a large number of slit holes or round holes are provided in the container, or a net is used to allow water to enter the container. The outer circumference of the container may be covered with sponge or the like. Reference numeral 56 is an air diffuser, and 57 is an air diffuser.

[0042]

As described in detail above, the method of circulating filtration of water according to the present invention uses the water drawn from the tank as a layer containing useful bacterial spores, a silica source, a magnesium source, a zeolite layer, barley stone, etc. It slowly and surely passes through the layer of the filter medium described above. Further, it eliminates ultraviolet irradiation, addition of ozone, and formation of bubble jet of treated hot water, which have been widely performed in the past. Therefore, useful bacteria are prioritized, and the propagation of Escherichia coli and other pathogenic bacteria is suppressed, which is extremely hygienic. Moreover, waste products in the bath water are completely removed by the active nutritional activity of the useful bacteria, and the cleanliness of the bath water used for circulation is maintained for a long period of time. Even in the case of low-temperature aquatic animal breeding tank water, if the extracted water is contacted with the filter medium for a sufficient time in the filter device, excrements and food residues in the water will be removed and the water will be sufficiently purified. . In the case of cold water and hot water pools, chlorine sterilization and ozone sterilization will be abolished, and if a large-capacity filtration device with sufficient capacity is used, waste products and other contaminants contained in the water will be completely removed as in the case of bath water. Can be removed. The warm water pool requires a smaller device because the water temperature is higher. When chlorine sterilization or ozone sterilization is performed, pretreatment such as adsorption of chlorine by activated carbon or elimination of ozone by ultraviolet rays of a specific wavelength may be carried out before application to the filtration device of the present invention.

Further, in the water circulation filter of the present invention, the mesh container containing the filter medium is inscribed in the filter cylinder so as to suppress the amount of water passing through the filter cylinder and to prevent a short circuit. Therefore, the extracted water circulates with a sufficient purification action and mineral elution action. Moreover, since a bacterial spore-containing material useful as a filter medium, a silica source, a magnesium source, and further a zeolite etc. are used, there is no pathogenic bacterium that has been conventionally grown, and it can be used hygienically and safely for a long period of time. It is a thing.
In the present invention, only the part related to purification such as the filter cylinder has been described, but in the case of a home bath constant temperature purification device,
As with conventional products, it is of course possible to incorporate a heater and bath water temperature adjustment function into the product.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a home-use compact filter according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing an example of a commercial circulation filtration device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing another example of the circulation filtration device.

FIG. 4 is a partially sectional side view showing still another example of the circulation filtration device.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a treatment tank for overflow water.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a circulation filtration device for appreciation fish.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the circulation filtering device for ornamental fish.

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a conventional commercial bath hot water filter cylinder.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Small Filter 2 Extraction Water Inlet 3 Filtered Water Outlet 4 Cylindrical Container 5 Mesh Container 7 Circulating Filtration Device 10 Cylindrical Container 11-15 Mesh Container 20 Extraction Water Introducing Pump 21 Filtered Water Delivery Pump 22 Circulation Filtering Device 23 Net Container 24 Outer Cylinder 25 Tank 28 Circulating Filtration Device 29 Cylindrical Container 33 Bath Hot Water Recovery Treatment Tank 36 Tank 38 Mesh Filter 39 Water Tank for Appreciating Fish 40 Filtration Device 41 Treatment Tank 52 Filtration Device 53 Water-permeable Container 54 Filter Media 55 Suction port

Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Office reference number FI technical display location B01D 35/027 C02F 1/28 E C02F 1/28 3/06 ZAB 3/06 ZAB 3/10 Z 3/10 3/34 Z 3/34 B01D 35/02 J E04H 4/12 C E04H 3/20 B

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. When the waste substance contained in the water in the tank is purified and used for circulation, the extracted water or the sucked water is filled with useful bacterial spore-containing material, silica source, and magnesium source for filtration. A method of circulating filtration of water, which comprises passing through a device. 2. The filter device is further filled with at least one of zeolite and another contact filter medium.
A method for circulating filtration of water as described. 3. The water circulation filtration method according to claim 1, wherein the tank is a bath, a pool, or a hot water pool. 4. The tank is an aquatic animal breeding tank.
Alternatively, the method of circulating filtration of water according to claim 2. 5. The water circulation filtration method according to claim 3, wherein the residence time of water in the filtration device is at least 2 to 3 minutes or more and the bubble jet is a separate system. 6. A net container filled with a useful bacterial spore-containing material, a silica source, and a magnesium source is housed in a cylindrical container having a drawing water inlet at the bottom and a filtered water outlet at the top. A circulating filtration device for water. 7. A tubular container having a drawing water inlet at the bottom and a filtered water outlet at the top, and a net container filled with useful bacterial spore-containing material, silica source, magnesium source, and zeolite in this order from the bottom. A water circulation filtration device, characterized in that a filled mesh container and a mesh container filled with a contact filter medium are housed. 8. A cylindrical container having a drawing water inlet at the bottom and a filtered water outlet at the top is connected to a plurality of net containers, and each net container contains a useful bacterial spore-containing material and a silica source. , A magnesium source, zeolite, and a contact filter medium are housed in a water circulation filtration device. 9. A mesh container is housed inside a cylindrical container having a drawing water inlet at the top and a filtered water outlet at the bottom, at least a portion of which is inscribed in the inner wall of the container. A circulating filtration device for water, which is filled with useful bacterial spore-containing material, silica source, magnesium source, zeolite, and contact filter medium in this order from the bottom. 10. A water circulating device characterized in that a useful tank spore-containing material, a silica source, and a magnesium source are filled in a treatment tank equipped with a treated water introduction pipe and an overflow pipe for letting out treated water. . 11. A device installed in a tank, wherein a container having a water-permeable structure is filled with a useful bacterial spore-containing material, a silica source, and a magnesium source, and a suction port for sucking treated water outside is provided. Characteristic water circulation filtration device.