JPH08209705A - Construction of base for growth of plant for water-resistant crumbled structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To protect a slope on a bare land or a side slope formed in earthwork for creation of land from erosion or collapse for a long period of time, and to create a base available for growth of plants and protection of environment in order to restore the situation available for growth of plants. CONSTITUTION: An erosion-preventing agent made of amphiphilic material including a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part for which equivalent weight ratio between hydrophilic group in the hydrophilic part and hydrophobic group in the hydrophobic part is 20/80-80/20 is mixed by agitation in a kneading tank with muddy base material for growth of plants obtained by mixing materials for base for growth of plants including solid grains such as clay with water, and after that the muddy material is conveyed under pressure with a pump to a discharge port. Aqueous solution of a high polymeric polyacrylamide coagulating agent in anionic type is taken into an agitation cylinder attached to the tip of the discharge port. The above three substances are mixed by agitation in the agitation cylinder and sprayed onto the surface of earthwork while crumble reaction is applied instantaneously to the muddy material.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for constructing a greening base. More specifically, the present invention relates to a mud-like greening base material obtained by mixing a greening base material containing solid particles such as clay and silt with water, and from an amphipathic material containing a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion. A stable growth base is created by spraying a base material that has been once made into a mud by mixing with a water-resistant erosion-resistant agent, which is mixed with an aggregating agent (aggregating agent) at the time of construction and causing an agglomeration reaction. Regarding the method of creating a greening base.

[0002]

[Background Art] Spraying vegetation base material to regenerate topsoil capable of growing plants for the purpose of restoring greening to bare green slopes and slopes on hillsides caused by disasters and development work, etc. Construction is done. Protecting hillside bare land slopes and slopes from erosion due to rainfall, etc., in the construction of a growth base by spraying vegetation base materials for the purpose of preserving the landscape, usually soil, organic matter, fertilizer, erosion An aqueous solution containing a polymer flocculant and an inorganic flocculant is mixed with a spray nozzle into mud that is made by mixing an inhibitor, plant seeds, etc. with water to give fluidity, and the water used for mudification is mixed. A method of spraying on the ground in a stable form while being hydrophobic is widely practiced. In these construction methods, a method of vegetatively growing vegetatively and actively growing herbs early in order to prevent erosion of the formed growth base is adopted. However, when it is applied to rocks or hard soil slopes with poor vegetation conditions, the thickness of the growth base generally created by spraying is about 3 to 10 cm, so the base is made up of densely planted herbs. The fertilizer component inside is consumed early, and it declines within 1 to 2 years before the transition of plants due to invasion of local surrounding plants begins, and it becomes bare land again.

Therefore, it has recently been said that it is necessary to systematically introduce woods such as fertilizer trees that can be formed even in a thin area with a small amount of fertilizer components from the beginning of construction. Compared to the herbs that have been used conventionally, this woody plant has a slower germination and initial growth, and when it is constructed during the inappropriate seeding period of the plant to be introduced, the growth base created is not covered by the plant and remains exposed. May continue. Since the growth base thus created is exposed for a long period of time, it is necessary to further enhance the erosion resistance of the green base.

In order to prevent the erosion of the greening base, a method of mainly mixing an asphalt emulsion or the like with the base material has been conventionally used, and the erosion of the growth base is prevented by the asphalt adhesion and coating effect. However, this asphalt is an aggregate of more than several thousand compounds and it is difficult to extract them individually.
It is analyzed by the composition of saturated products such as naphthene, aromatic compounds, resins and asphaltene, and all exhibit hydrophobicity. Therefore, when mixed in a large amount for the purpose of improving the erosion resistance of the greening base, the greening base itself becomes water-repellent (hydrophobic) and prevents water absorption such as rainwater, so the greening base is dried and plant growth Will result in

For the purpose of introducing a natural vegetation induction method that does not mix seeds and a woody plant that is slow to germinate and grow early, in the hope of invading surrounding plants in order to maintain the ecosystem,
In addition, the greening foundations created on rivers and dam flood slopes,
It must have a soil structure that can withstand long-term rainfall and flooding and that does not interfere with the germination and growth of invaded plant seeds and plant seeds mixed in the greening base. In addition, rainwater that absorbs water and dehydrates the greenery base flows into the river, so harmful substances cannot be generated from the greenery base.

[0006] In conventional greening bases using erosion inhibitors,
There was a problem that when it was exposed to long-term inundation and rainfall, it became muddy and the erosion resistance deteriorated extremely. In addition, many conventional vegetation-based erosion inhibitors have some adverse effects on the growth of plants. Therefore, there is a strong demand for a method for producing a greening base which has sufficient water resistance to the greening base, has no adverse effect on the growth of plants, and is safe to the environment.

[0007] There are a wide range of soil aggregates, from those artificially created by cultivation to those found in forest brown soils that have been created over many years by natural activities. . Generally in the cultivated land, it is not necessary to have long-term stability of the aggregates to be formed because it is cultivated each time in accordance with the harvesting cycle of the crop, but due to disasters and development activities aimed at by the present invention. In the present situation, the bare land that occurs and the growth base that forms on the slope are left unmanaged at the time of construction without any control. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the structure of the growth base, that is, the soil aggregate, which can supply water, nutrients and air necessary for plant growth to the roots of the plant without interruption.

Looking at the topsoil deposited on the steep hillside slope in the natural world, although it is deposited in a thin layer on the upper layer of rock or hard soil, it is stably attached without being eroded or collapsed. . There is no doubt that the roots of the plants formed there contribute greatly to the stability of the topsoil, but it is considered that it contributes much to the prevention of soil erosion caused by rainwater, that is, clay erosion. I can't. The erosion of the clay particles is prevented by the aggregates formed by the entanglement of the organic particles and humus formed by the carcasses of living plants and small animals and the clay particles entwined with rainwater. It is believed that they are doing.

[0009]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] A construction method for creating a growth base suitable for plant growth that faithfully reproduces the mechanism that has been spent in this natural world for many years is related to our application. Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-2734 and Japanese Patent Fair No. 2
-26932 publication. In the method of the invention of the prior application, the high aggregating action that occurs in the carcasses of small animals or organic matter in nature is replaced by the action of an anionic polymer aggregating agent having a high aggregating ability. The mud-like growth base material obtained by mixing the cohesive soil and organic compost prepared in advance with water and the coagulant are separately pumped at the time of construction, and mixed by a special method at the tip of the nozzle, By spraying while causing a grain reaction, a growth base having an aggregate structure is formed. The method of the invention of this prior application is a construction method which is currently widely applied, but as described above, when it is suitable for long-term rainfall or inundation, it becomes swelled and the erosion resistance deteriorates.

Then, as a result of carefully studying and investigating the nature and formation mechanism of the topsoil deposited again in the natural world, some fat and oil components, that is, hydrophobic elements remain in the carcasses of small animals, which are adsorbed on the clay particles. We paid attention to the fact that humification, that is, entanglement with linear organic polymers, in the state of having an appropriate hydrophobicity, causes the formation of aggregates. The collapse of soil aggregates may be due to mechanical impact from the outside or due to repeated swelling contraction due to dryness and humidity of the soil itself.In the case of a growth base formed on a slope or slope left for a long time after construction. , The latter is often the cause of collapse. It is the hydrophobic element or oil component adsorbed on the clay particles that alleviates the degree of dryness and moisture of the soil aggregate, and the amphiphilic material that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties in good balance. Was found.

[0011]

The method for constructing a greening base of the present invention has a well-balanced hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity so that the greening base has erosion resistance and promotes plant growth. It is characterized by using an amphipathic water-proof corrosion inhibitor.

According to the method of the present invention, a water-repellent erosion inhibitor comprising the above-mentioned amphiphilic material is added to a mud-like greening base material obtained by mixing a greening base material containing solid particles such as clay and silt with water. After stirring and mixing, the mud-like material was pumped to the discharge port by a pump, and the anion-type polymer flocculant aqueous solution was introduced into the stirring cylinder attached to the end of the discharge port. It includes a step of mixing and stirring in a stirring cylinder, and immediately spraying the mud-like material on the construction surface while causing agglomeration reaction. In the above method, for the purpose of further strengthening the binding force of the aggregate structure, it is desirable to introduce air into the stirring cylinder at the same time as introducing the polymer flocculant aqueous solution into the stirring cylinder.

The water resistant erosion inhibitor used in the method of the present invention contains a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion, and the equivalent ratio of the hydrophilic group of the hydrophilic portion to the hydrophobic group of the hydrophobic portion is 20/8.
It consists of an amphipathic material that is 0-80 / 20. In a preferred embodiment, this erosion inhibitor comprises a hydrophobic component (A) of a fatty acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms per carboxyl group, an alkali metal salt of a fatty acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms per carboxyl group, and an amine. The hydrophilic component (B) is a salt or ammonium salt, and more preferably the hydrophilic component (B) can be an alkanolamine salt or an ammonium salt of a fatty acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms per carboxyl group.

Examples of the hydrophobic component (A) of the erosion inhibitor used in the method of the present invention include monovalent fatty acids having 6 to 24 carbon atoms and polymerized fatty acids having 6 to 24 carbon atoms per carboxyl group, Specific examples of these include natural monovalent higher fatty acids (for example, saturated fatty acids such as caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid; Strain acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, erucic acid, linoleic acid,
Unsaturated fatty acids such as hiragonic acid and linolenic acid, fatty acid mixtures obtained by processing natural oils and fats such as soybean oil fatty acid, tall oil fatty acid, palm fatty acid and coconut oil fatty acid, hydroxyl group-containing fatty acid such as castor oil fatty acid) and polymerization Fatty acids (eg C such as oleic acid, linoleic acid
₁₈ unsaturated fatty acids, drying oil fatty acids or semi-drying oil fatty acids, and dimer acid containing as a main component a bimolecular polymer of a lower monoalcohol ester of each of these fatty acids. Of these, preferred are lauric acid,
It is a C ₁₂ -C ₂₄ fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids per carboxyl group such as myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linoleic acid, dimer acid and coconut oil fatty acid, palm fatty acid, beef fatty acid. Examples of the fatty acid in the hydrophilic component (B) include the same as those exemplified as the above-mentioned hydrophobic component (A), and preferable ones are also the same.

In the hydrophilic component (B) of the erosion inhibitor used in the method of the present invention, the alkali metal is sodium, potassium, lithium or the like; the amine is alkanolamine such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine. , Alkyl (C1 to C
4) Examples include amines. Component (B) is preferably an alkanolamine salt and an ammonium salt.

As an example of the method for producing the water resistant erosion inhibitor used in the present invention, the component (A) and the component (B) may be mixed, or the component (A) may be an alkali metal compound, an amine or an aqueous ammonia solution. It may be partially neutralized by using, for example, a part of the component (B). In the mixing method, the component (B) may be mixed using the same fatty acid salt as the component (A), or may be mixed with the component (A) using a different fatty acid salt. The carboxyl equivalent ratio (A) / (B) of the component (A) and the component (B) is usually 20/80 to 80/20, preferably 30/70 to 60/40.

As the water-proof erosion and corrosion inhibitor, those containing the component (A) and the component (B) may be directly used, and water,
You may use it as an aqueous suspension or an aqueous emulsion using an inert organic liquid, an emulsifier, etc. The method for producing the aqueous suspension or the aqueous emulsion is not particularly limited, but, for example, after the components (A) and (B) have been put into a blending tank or container in advance, the component (A) is a liquid at room temperature. In that case, if it is a solid at normal temperature, it is heated and melted, and then a suspension is produced by adding an emulsifier, water, etc. with stirring; water, an emulsifier, etc. are put into a mixing tank or container in advance. Then, the component (A) and the component (B) are gradually added with stirring to produce a suspension.

In the present invention, the greening base to be protected from rainfall and inundation includes germination and initial growth from the beginning of construction for the purpose of permanent greening restoration for difficult greening areas such as rock and hard soil slopes. In the case of systematically introducing woods such as fertilizer trees with slow growth, or seed-free soil that does not mix seeds from the beginning in order to induce natural vegetation due to invasion of surrounding plants, and extreme water resistance is required. It includes flood dam slopes that are flooded for an average of 150 days or more a year, and greening foundations that are constructed on river dikes that flood during flooding.

In the method of the present invention, the amount of the water resistant erosion inhibitor added to the greening base varies depending on the type and composition of all target greening base materials or the place where the greening base is constructed, and is not particularly limited. 1 to 100 kg / m ³ relative to the sum of the normal planting base material, preferably 5 to 50 kg / m ³
Is. If the amount of addition is less than 1 kg / m ³ , it will be a problem that the greening base will be eroded in a short period of time due to rainfall or flooding.
Even if it exceeds / m ³ , it is uneconomical because the effect is not further improved.

The greening foundation construction work by the method of the present invention is
First, add green soil base materials such as soil, compost, plant seeds and water to a mixing device equipped with a stirrer, add a water resistant erosion inhibitor, stir and mix, then prepare anion type polyacrylamide type prepared in advance. The polymer flocculant aqueous solution and the aqueous polymer coagulant solution are separately sent to the spraying nozzle by separate pumps, and sprayed while being mixed in the nozzle so as to be stably attached to the slope or slope of the collapsed ground.

[0021]

In the greening base constructed by the method of the present invention, the component (A) and the component (B) attached to the surface of the soil particles
Provides a good balance of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity to the soil particles, and thus has the effect of imparting appropriate water retention and water permeability to the greening base and providing a stable base against rainfall and inundation.

[0022]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Parts and% in the examples are parts by weight and% by weight.

Example 1 Palmitic acid was partially neutralized, and 0.3 equivalent of sodium salt of palmitic acid based on all carboxyl groups was added, and 10 parts of sodium salt of palmitic acid, 88 parts of water and polyethylene glycol type nonionic surface active agent as an emulsifier were used. Two parts of the agent were thoroughly stirred and mixed in a stainless steel mixing tank equipped with a stirrer to disperse them to obtain an erosion inhibitor according to the present invention. In order to confirm the erosion control performance of this product, 100 parts of vegetation base material composed of 60 parts of clay loam soil, 39 parts of bark compost and 1 part of plant fiber, 0.01 parts of creeping red fescue seeds
Parts, 0.01 parts weeping lovegrass seeds and 1 part water
00 parts were mixed to obtain a greening base material. To 0.1 m ^{3 of} this greening base material, 5 kg of the erosion inhibitor according to the present invention was added and mixed to obtain a mud-like base material for a greening base material. Further, an aqueous polymer flocculant solution 1 obtained by mixing and dissolving 0.01 part of an anion type polyacrylamide polymer flocculant and 10 parts of water
0 kg as an auxiliary agent was added to the mud-like base material, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred and mixed to obtain a greening base in which soil particles and the like had a sufficiently aggregated structure. From this, 0.05 m ³ was sampled to prepare a specimen having a thickness of 10 cm and dried in the sun for about 7 days. After that, the test specimens were immersed in water every other day, and the erosion state of the greening base and the presence or absence of collapse and the germination and growth of seeds were investigated. Table 1 shows the results.

Example 2 12 parts of diethanolamine salt of palmitic acid, 84 parts of water, and 2 parts of sodium polyacrylate aqueous solution as an emulsifier were prepared by partially neutralizing palmitic acid and converting 0.6 equivalents of all carboxyl groups into diethanolamine salt. And 2 parts of polyethylene glycol type surfactant were sufficiently stirred and mixed in a stainless steel mixing tank equipped with a stirrer to obtain an erosion inhibitor according to the present invention. To measure the performance of this,
0.5 kg of the erosion inhibitor according to the present invention was added to and mixed with 0.1 m ^{3 of} the greening base material used in Example 1 to obtain a mud-like base material. Further, 10 kg of the polymer flocculant aqueous solution used in Example 1 was added to and mixed with 0.1 m ^{3 of the} mud-like base material to obtain a greening base having a sufficiently aggregated structure of soil particles and the like. From this, 0.05 m ³ was sampled, a test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the performance was measured. Table 1 shows the results.

Example 3 Unsaturated mixture of 50% oleic acid and 50% linoleic acid
Partially neutralizes the fatty acid mixture to all carboxyl groups
Oleic acid and linoleic acid with 0.5 equivalent of potassium salt
25 parts of the potassium salt of the mixture, 72 parts of water, po
1 part of polyethylene glycol type surfactant and polyacetic acid
2 parts of sodium phosphate aqueous solution stainless steel with a stirrer
Sufficiently stirring and mixing in a mixing tank for erosion according to the present invention
The inhibitor was obtained. Performed to measure the performance of this
Greening base material used in Example 1 0.1 m ³In contrast, according to the present invention
2.5 kg of an erosion inhibitor was added and mixed to obtain a mud-like base material.
Further, the aqueous polymer flocculant solution used in Example 1 was used as a mud-like substrate.
0.1 m³Add 10 kg to and mix it with soil particles.
We obtained a greening base with aggregate structure. From this, 0.
05m³To prepare a test sample in the same manner as in Example 1,
The performance was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 4 15 parts of ammonium salt of coconut oil fatty acid obtained by partially neutralizing coconut oil fatty acid containing lauric acid, myristic acid, caprylic acid and the like and 0.4 equivalent of ammonium salt based on all carboxyl groups. , 83 parts of water and 2 parts of an aqueous solution of sodium polyacrylate as an emulsifier were sufficiently stirred and mixed in a stainless steel mixing tank equipped with a stirrer to obtain an erosion inhibitor according to the present invention. In order to perform performance measurement on this, 2.5 kg of the erosion inhibitor according to the present invention was added to and mixed with 0.1 m ^{3 of} the greening base material used in Example 1 to obtain a mud-like base material. Further, 10 kg of the polymer flocculant aqueous solution used in Example 1 was added to and mixed with 0.1 m ^{3 of the} mud-like base material to obtain a greening base having a sufficiently aggregated structure of soil particles and the like. From this, 0.05 m ³ was sampled, a test piece was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the performance was measured. Table 1 shows the results.

Example 5 Beef fatty acid containing stearic acid, palmitic acid and the like was partially neutralized, and 0.7 parts of triethanolamine salt was added to 20 parts of beef fatty acid triethanolamine salt, based on the total carboxyl groups. 76 parts of water and 4 parts of sodium polyacrylate aqueous solution as an emulsifier were sufficiently stirred and mixed in a stainless steel mixing tank equipped with a stirrer to obtain an erosion inhibitor according to the present invention. In order to perform performance measurement on this, 2.5 kg of the erosion inhibitor according to the present invention was added to and mixed with 0.1 m ^{3 of} the greening base material used in Example 1 to obtain a mud-like base material.
Further, 10 kg of the polymer flocculant aqueous solution used in Example 1 was added to and mixed with 0.1 m ^{3 of the} mud-like base material to obtain a greening base having a sufficiently aggregated structure of soil particles and the like. From this, 0.
05m ³ was sampled to prepare a sample in the same manner as in Example 1,
The performance was measured. Table 1 shows the results.

Comparative Example 1 0.01 part of creeping red fescue seeds and 0.01 part of weeping lovegrass seeds per 100 parts of vegetation base material consisting of 60 parts of clay loam, 39 parts of bark compost and 1 part of vegetable fiber To 100 parts of water and 100 parts of water, an asphalt-based erosion inhibitor currently used mainly for the purpose of increasing the erosion resistance 1.5 times, 0.0 against 100 parts of vegetation base material
5 parts were mixed to obtain a muddy base material for a greening base. Further, anionic polyacrylamide-based polymer flocculant 0.0
10 kg of an aqueous polymer flocculant solution obtained by mixing and dissolving 1 part and 10 parts of water was added to a mud-like base material as an auxiliary agent, and sufficiently stirred and mixed to sufficiently form soil particles and the like into an aggregate structure. I got a greening base. From this, 0.05m ³ is sampled and 10cm
A specimen having a thickness of 1 was prepared and dried in the sun for about 7 days. After that, the test specimens were immersed in water every other day, and the erosion state of the greening base and the presence or absence of collapse and the germination and growth of seeds were investigated. Table 1 shows the results.

Comparative Example 2 According to the example described in JP-A-4-93419, 1.2 parts of NaCl was added to 30 parts of silicic acid sol having a SiO ₃ concentration of 30% and mixed, and further water and sulfuric acid were added. Was added to form an aqueous dispersion of silicic acid sol having a total amount of 50 parts, which was left to stand at room temperature for gelation to obtain a conventional erosion inhibitor. To measure the performance of this, clay loam 1
To 100 parts of a mixture of 00 parts, 0.01 parts of creeping red fescue seeds and 0.01 parts of weeping lovegrass seeds, 50 parts of a conventional erosion inhibitor was added and mixed to obtain a greening of 0.1 m ³ . Got the base. From this, 0.05 m ³ was sampled to prepare a specimen having a thickness of 10 cm and dried in the sun for about 7 days. After that, the test specimens were immersed in water every other day, and the erosion state of the greening base and the presence or absence of collapse and the germination and growth of seeds were investigated. Table 1 shows the results.

[0030]

[Table 1]

[0031]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The method of forming a greening substrate having a water resistant aggregate structure of the present invention has the following effects. (1) A mud-like base material is obtained by mixing the above-mentioned water-proof erosion-inhibiting agent containing a fatty acid or a fatty acid salt with a mud-like greening base material and then mixing it with an aggregating agent aqueous solution to form aggregates. Since it destabilizes the charge of the soil particles contained, it promotes the agglomeration of the muddy substrate. (2) Aggregation of soil particles coated with the above-mentioned water-resistant erosion inhibitor that utilizes the hydrophobic property of fatty acids suppresses the long-term rainfall and the abundance of clay particles due to flooding, and the richness of the greening base. Deterioration of erosion resistance due to softening is prevented. (3) Promote the growth of plants. The water repellent erosion inhibitor of the greening base used in the present invention contains fatty acids and fatty acid salts as components, and therefore imparts a good balance of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity to the greening base, thereby retaining the water retention and water permeability of the greening base. , Which promotes germination and growth of plant seeds in the greening base. (4) High safety. The water-repellent erosion inhibitor based on greening used in the present invention is composed of fatty acid, and therefore has excellent biodegradability and high safety.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A mud-like greening base material obtained by mixing a greening base material containing solid particles such as clay and silt with water in a kneading tank, and a hydrophilic portion containing a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion. Equivalent ratio of the hydrophilic group and the hydrophobic group of the hydrophobic part is 20/80 to
After mixing and stirring the 80/20 water-repellent corrosion erosion inhibitor made of an amphipathic material, the mud-like material is pumped to a discharge port by a pump and introduced into a stirring cylinder attached to the end of the discharge port. A greening base that includes a step of introducing an anion type polyacrylamide-based polymer flocculant aqueous solution, mixing and stirring these three in the stirring cylinder, and immediately spraying the mud-like material onto the construction surface while causing agglomeration reaction How to create. 2. A hydrophobic component (A), wherein the amphipathic material is a fatty acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms per carboxyl group,
And the hydrophilic component (B) which is an alkali metal salt, amine salt or ammonium salt of a fatty acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms per carboxyl group. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic component (B) is an alkanolamine salt or ammonium salt of a fatty acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms per carboxyl group. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous polymer flocculant solution is introduced into the stirring cylinder together with air.