JPH08197545A - Dismounting method of plastic structural body and pretreating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a dismounting method of a plastic structural body, by which dismounting can be carried out without mixing a metal and the like with each other so as to obtain a plastic waste by dismounting the plastic structural body. CONSTITUTION: In the dismounting method of a plastic structural body for dismounting a household electrical product 40, in which a plurality of parts 41 and 42 are fastened together with a screw member 43, a screw member recognizing process for recognizing the position of the screw member 43 and a screw member detaching process for positioning a screw detaching jig 23d to the position of the screw member 43 recognized at the screw member recognizing process and detaching the screw member with the jig are equipped.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste plastic oiling technique for converting plastic waste into oil, and more particularly to a plastic structure for household electric appliances and the like in which a plurality of plastic parts and metal electronic parts are fastened by screw members The present invention relates to a plastic structure disassembling method for disassembling a body. Further, the present invention relates to a pretreatment device for crushing and kneading disassembled and sorted plastic waste into a shape and size suitable for an oil treatment process.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a home electric appliance 10 in which a plastic part and a metal electronic part are fastened with a screw member has been constructed as shown in FIG. 6, for example. That is, in the case 11 made of plastic and the electronic part 12 made of metal arranged inside the case 11, the flange 12 a of the electronic part 12 is fastened to the case 11 by the screw member 13. When disassembling such home electric appliances, the following two methods were adopted. On the other hand, without removing the screw member 13 to separate the electronic component 12 inside the casing 11, the casing 11 and the electronic component 12 were crushed and crushed together. On the other hand, the other one is made by the manual work of the operator.
The fastening member (not shown) of No. 1 is removed, and then the screw member 13 is removed. As a method of removing the screw member 13, there is a method of melting the plastic of the screw mounting portion by ultrasonic vibration as described in JP-A-5-111918, but even in this case, it depends on the operator. It was done manually.

[0003] On the other hand, after the household electric appliances are dismantled and only the plastic waste is selected, in order to make the plastic waste into a shape and size suitable for the oil treatment process,
It is necessary to crush and knead. For this reason, a device for crushing plastic waste has hitherto been used, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-17.
Separate devices were provided for kneading milled plastic waste as described in 7187.

[0004]

In the above-mentioned conventional method for disassembling home electric appliances, the electric appliances are crushed and crushed as they are without separating the plastic casing or the metal electronic parts inside the crushed electric appliances. -Metal and the like may be mixed into the crushed plastic waste, which may adversely affect the oil treatment process. In addition, there is a problem that the work efficiency is poor in the manual disassembly method.

On the other hand, when the plastic waste is crushed and kneaded by independent devices as described above, there is a problem that the entire system becomes complicated and the installation area becomes large.

Therefore, the present invention provides a method for disassembling a plastic structure that efficiently separates the components of a home electric appliance when disassembling the plastic structure and prevents metal and the like from mixing with plastic waste. Has an aim. Another object of the present invention is to provide a pretreatment device for efficiently crushing and kneading plastic waste in a small device.

[0007]

In order to solve the above problems and achieve the object, the invention described in claim 1 disassembles a plastic structure in which a plurality of parts are fastened by screw members. The method includes a screw member recognition step of recognizing the position of the screw member, and a screw member removal step of positioning and removing the screw removal jig at the position of the screw member recognized in the screw member recognition step. I chose

According to the invention described in claim 2, in the invention described in claim 1, a bar code seal which directly or indirectly indicates the position and type of the screw member is attached to the plastic structure. In the screw member recognition step, it is preferable to recognize the position and type of the screw member based on the bar code seal.

According to the invention described in claim 3, in the invention described in claim 2, screw removal for selecting a screw removal jig suitable for the screw member whose type is recognized in the screw member recognition step. It is preferable to have a jig selection step.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in a pretreatment apparatus for crushing and kneading plastic waste, a cylindrical outer member having a bottom and a cylindrical inner member loosely inserted inside the outer member. A rotating means for relatively rotating the outer member and the inner member, a supplying means for supplying the plastic waste from above into a gap between the outer member and the inner member, and an inner peripheral portion of the outer member. A ring-shaped first cutter formed in multiple stages and a ring-shaped second cutter formed in multiple stages in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral portion of the inner member, wherein the first cutter and the second cutter are A crushing unit that cooperates to crush the plastic waste supplied by the plastic waste supply unit with the rotation of the outer member and the inner member, and a crushing unit provided on the inner bottom portion of the outer member. An accumulating means for accumulating the plastic waste crushed by the crushing means and falling into the lower opening of the inner member, and the accumulating with the relative rotation of the inner member provided inside the inner member. And a kneading means for extruding the plastic waste accumulated by the means to the outside from the upper opening of the inner member.

According to the invention described in claim 5, in the invention described in claim 4, the kneading means has a shaft body which is rotationally driven, and a screw blade screwed to the shaft body. It is preferable.

According to the invention described in claim 6, in the invention described in claim 5, it is preferable that the shaft body of the kneading means is provided integrally with the outer member. According to the invention described in claim 7, in the invention described in claim 4, a heating means is internally provided in the inner member, and the plastic waste introduced into the inside of the inner member by the heating means is disposed. It is preferable to melt by heating.

[0013]

As a result of taking the above-mentioned means, the following effects occur. That is, the invention described in claim 1 recognizes the position of the screw member of the plastic structure in which a plurality of parts are fastened by the screw member, and positions the screw removing jig at the position of the screw member to fix the screw member. It can be disassembled by removing it. Therefore, the parts can be separated and disassembled without crushing. Therefore,
It is possible to prevent foreign matter such as metal from entering the separated plastic waste.

According to the invention described in claim 2, in the screw member recognizing step, the bar code seal which directly or indirectly indicates the position and type of the screw member attached to the plastic structure is read, and the screw member is read. Since the position and the type of are recognized, the dismantling work can be efficiently performed.

According to the invention described in claim 3, a screw removing jig suitable for the recognized screw member is selected,
A screw removal jig most suitable for removing the screw member can be selected.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in a pretreatment device for crushing and kneading plastic waste, a cylindrical outer member having a bottom and a cylindrical inner member loosely inserted inside the outer member. And rotate relative to each other. On the other hand, the plastic waste supplied from above into the gap between the outer member and the inner member is a ring-shaped first cutter formed in multiple stages on the inner peripheral portion of the outer member and the outer peripheral portion of the inner member due to the above rotation. It is crushed by the cooperation of the ring-shaped second cutter formed in multiple stages in the circumferential direction. Further, the crushed plastic waste is accumulated in the lower opening of the inner member, and is kneaded with the rotation while being pushed out from the upper opening of the inner member.

Therefore, the crushing and kneading can be performed at the outer peripheral portion and the inner peripheral portion of the inner member, so that the apparatus can be downsized. According to the invention described in claim 5, it is possible to knead the rotationally driven shaft body and the plastic waste crushed by the screw blades screwed to the shaft body.

According to the invention described in claim 6, since the shaft body of the kneading means is integrally provided with the outer member, a rotary drive source for relatively rotating the outer member and the inner member is provided. A single rotary drive source for rotating the shaft can be provided, which further simplifies the structure.

According to the invention described in claim 7, the inner member is internally provided with a heating means, and the plastic waste introduced into the inside of the inner member is heated and melted by the heating means. The efficiency of kneading plastic waste is improved.

[0020]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a plastic structure disassembling method according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 20 is a dismantling device, 30 is a dismantling table, and 40 is a home electric appliance as a plastic structure placed on the dismantling table 30.

The disassembling apparatus 20 comprises a base 21, a robot arm 22 attached to the base 21, and a disassembling section 23 provided at the tip of the robot arm 22.

The base 21 has a robot arm 22 and a dismantling section 23 based on information from a camera 23b described later.
A control unit 21a for controlling the is provided. Dismantling section 23
Is a disassembly part main body 23a swingably provided on the robot arm 22, a camera 23b, an illumination device 23c provided around the camera 23b, and a screw removing jig 23.
and d. The screw removing jig 23d is provided so as to be replaceable according to the type of the screw member 43 to be removed.

On the other hand, the home electric appliance 40 has a plastic casing 41 as shown in FIG. 2, and an electronic component 42 is arranged inside the casing 41. The housing 41 is provided with a recess 41a, and the bottom portion 41b of the recess 41a and the flange portion 42a of the electronic component 42 are fastened by a screw member 43 inserted from the outside of the housing 41. As described above, the home electric appliance 40 is designed in advance so that the screw member 43 for fastening all the components is exposed on the outer surface. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, on the outer surface of the housing 41 of the home electric appliance 40, a sticker 44 in which information for identifying the type of the home electric appliance is bar-coded is attached. This seal 44
When the type of the home electric appliance 40 is specified by the bar code information, the position and type of the screw member 43 can be known based on the data stored in the control unit 21a in advance.

With this structure, the robot arm 22 and the dismantling section main body 23 are first controlled by the control section 21a.
a operates and brings the camera 23b closer to the home electric appliance 40 on the disassembly table 30. At this time, the surface of the home electric appliance 40 is illuminated by the lighting device 23c, and the seal 44 of the home electric appliance 40 is observed by the camera 23b. By this observation, the control unit 21a can identify the type of the home electric appliance 40 and recognize the positions and sizes of all the screw members 43 provided on the home electric appliance 40.

Next, in the control section 21a, the screw member 43
After replacing with a screw removing jig 23 suitable for the above, the dismantling section main body 23a is driven by the replaced screw removing jig 23, and the screw removing jig 23d is moved to the head 4 of the screw member 43.
3a, and the screw member 43 is removed. By removing the screw member 43, the housing 41 and the electronic component 42 are separated, and the housing 41 is also disassembled.

As described above, in this embodiment, the electronic component 42 arranged inside the housing 41 can also be separated by removing the screw member 43 exposed on the surface of the housing 41. Therefore, when disassembling, the housing 41 and the electronic components 4
2 can be disassembled without crushing and crushing. Therefore, since metal or the like is not mixed in the plastic waste obtained by crushing the plastic casing 41 from which the electronic components 42 and the like are separated, no adverse effect occurs in the subsequent oil treatment process.

As shown in FIG. 1, when the sticker 44 in which the information for identifying the home electric appliance 40 is bar-coded is not attached to the outer surface of the housing 41 of the home electric appliance 40, the screw member 43 is attached to the camera. The position of the screw member 43 may be specified by reading with 23d or the like. Further, the step of recognizing the position and size of the screw member 43 by the camera 23b can be omitted, and the dismantling work can be performed more quickly.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. That is, in the above embodiment, one camera 23b is attached to the disassembly unit 23 at the tip of the robot arm 22, but three fixed cameras directed to home appliances are arranged around the disassembly table 30. May be. In addition, the camera 23b and the screw removal jig 2
Although 3d and 3d are attached to a single robot arm 22, they may be attached to different robot arms.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a pretreatment apparatus for crushing and kneading plastic waste according to the second embodiment of the present invention. This pretreatment device is arranged between the product disassembling / sorting process and the plastic oiling process as one of the processes for oilizing the plastic waste. Therefore, in this pretreatment device, the selected plastic waste Pα is crushed to form waste small pieces Pβ, and the waste small pieces Pβ are kneaded and sent as pellets Pγ to the oiling process.

In the figure, reference numeral 50 denotes a rotor as an outer member formed in a cylindrical shape with a bottom having an axis centered by a chain line Z in the figure, and 60 denotes an inner member arranged coaxially with the rotor 50 and formed in a cylindrical shape. Shows the stator.

The inside 51 of the rotor 50 is formed to have substantially the same diameter from the opening 52 to the bottom 53, and the bottom 53 is formed in a mortar shape. On the inner wall surface 54 of the rotor 50, a plurality of crushing cutters 55 are provided circumferentially at predetermined intervals. Further, the plurality of crushing cutters 55 are provided in a plurality of stages. In addition, the bottom portion 53 of the rotor 50
As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of guides 53a are provided on the bottom of the bottom 53 to form a collecting means for introducing the waste pieces Pβ outside the bottom 53 to the center of the bottom 53 as the rotor 50 described later rotates. There is. At the center of the bottom portion 53 of the rotor 50, a shaft body 56 is provided integrally with the rotor 50 along the axis Z of the rotor 50. A screw blade 57 is screwed around the shaft body 56, and the waste piece P at the center of the bottom portion 53 of the rotor 50 is rotated as the rotor 50 rotates.
A kneading means for transferring β to the upper side in the figure while kneading is formed. In addition, in the lower part of the lower end portion 58 of the rotor 50 in the drawing,
A rotary drive motor 59 is arranged as a rotating means for rotationally driving the shaft body 56 about its axis Z.

The upper end portion 61 of the stator 60 in FIG. 3 is supported on the ceiling portion (not shown) by the support columns 61a. Further, the lower end portion 62 in the drawing is inclined toward the center side so as to correspond to the bottom portion 53 of the rotor 50 as shown in FIG. 5B. Further, a plurality of protrusions 62a are radially provided on the lower end portion 62 at predetermined intervals.

The inner portion 63 of the stator 60 is formed so that its diameter decreases from the lower end portion 63a side toward the upper end portion 63b side in FIG. 3, and the upper end portion 63b serves as an extrusion port 64. The inner wall surface 6 of the inside 63 of the stator 60
5 and the outer peripheral portion 57a of the screw blade 57 of the rotor 50 described above, a slight gap is formed.
The screw blades 57 do not interfere with the inner wall surface 65 of the stator 60 even when is rotated. Further, a heater 66 made of a nichrome wire is embedded in the stator 60.

On the outer wall surface 67 of the stator 60, as shown in FIG. 5A, a plurality of crushing cutters 6 are arranged at predetermined intervals.
8 are provided in multiple stages. It should be noted that these crushing cutters 68 are provided at positions where they do not interfere with the crushing cutter 55 of the rotor 50 even when the rotor 50 rotates, and the two work together as a crushing means for crushing the pellets Pα. .

In FIG. 3, reference numeral 70 denotes a conveyor for supplying plastic waste Pα between the stator 60 and the rotor 50, and 71 denotes a kneaded pellet Pγ discharged from the extrusion port 64 of the stator 60. Shows a pipe as a discharging means for introducing into the next step (not shown).

In the pretreatment apparatus thus constructed, the plastic waste Pα is crushed, kneaded and delivered as pellets Pγ as follows. That is, the rotor 50 is rotationally driven in the R direction in FIG. 3 by the rotary drive device 59. Next, the plastic waste Pα that has been disassembled and sorted by the transport conveyor 70 is used for the rotor 50 and the stator 60.
Supply between and.

The supplied plastic waste Pα is crushed by the crushing cutter 55 of the rotor 50 and the crushing cutter 68 of the stator 60 as it moves downward. The crushed plastic waste Pα becomes waste small pieces Pβ and accumulates on the outer periphery of the bottom portion 53 of the rotor 50. The waste small piece Pβ is pushed into the central portion of the bottom portion 53 of the rotor 50 by the protrusion 62a of the stator 60 and the guide 53a of the rotor 50 as the rotor 50 rotates. The pushed waste small pieces Pβ are compressed by the screw blades 57,
The pellets Pγ are heated and kneaded by the heater 66. The pellet Pγ moves upward in FIG. 3, is extruded from the extrusion port 64, and is conveyed to the next step via the pipe 71.

As described above, in this embodiment, since the crushing and kneading can be performed by a single device, a wide installation place is not required. In addition, since it can be operated by a single rotary drive source, the device can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Furthermore, since the waste pieces Pβ are heated by the heater 66 provided in the stator 60 during kneading, kneading becomes easy.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. That is, in the above embodiment, the inner member is fixed to be the stator 60, and the outer member is to be the rotor 50 driven to rotate, but the outer member may be fixed to be the stator and the inner member may be driven to rotate.
In this case, it is effective to embed the heating element in the screw fixed to the rotor. Further, although the axial center lines of the rotor and the stator are arranged in the vertical direction, the arrangement is not limited to the vertical direction. Further, although the axial center lines of the rotor and the stator are coincident with each other, they may not coincide with each other. Of course, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0040]

According to the invention described in claim 1, parts can be separated and disassembled without crushing, and foreign matters such as metal are mixed in the separated plastic waste. Can be prevented.

According to the invention described in claim 2, the dismantling work can be efficiently performed. According to the invention described in claim 3, it is possible to select a screw removing jig most suitable for removing the screw member.

According to the invention described in claim 4, since the crushing and kneading can be performed by a single device, the device can be downsized. According to the invention described in claim 5, the plastic waste crushed by the screw blade can be kneaded.

According to the invention described in claim 6, it is possible to use a single rotary drive source and further simplify the structure. According to the invention described in claim 7, the efficiency at the time of kneading the plastic waste can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a plastic structure disassembling method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a structure of a home electric appliance to which the method is applied.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a pretreatment apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a rotor incorporated in the apparatus.

5A and 5B are views showing a stator incorporated in the same apparatus, in which FIG. 5A is a plan view and FIG. 5B is a perspective view.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing the structure of a conventional home electric appliance.

[Explanation of symbols]

20 ... Dismantling device 21 ... Base 21a ... Control part 22 ... Robot arm 23 ... Dismantling part 23a ... Dismantling part main body 23b ... Camera 23c ... Illumination device 23d ... Screw removal jig 30 ... Dismantling table 40 ... Household appliances 41 ... Housing 42 ... Electronic parts 43 ... Screw member 50 ... Rotor 51 ... Internal 52 ... Opening 53 ... Bottom 53a ... Guide 54 ... Inner wall surface 55 ... Crushing cutter 56 ... Shaft 57 ... Screw vane 58 ... Lower end 59 ... Rotation drive motor 60 ... stator 61 ... upper end 61a ... support pillar 62 ... lower end 62a ... projection 63 ... internal 63a ... lower end 63b ... upper end 64 ... extrusion port 65 ... inner wall 66 ... heater 67 ... outer wall 68 ... crushing cutter 70 … Conveyor conveyor 71… Pipe

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A plastic structure disassembling method for disassembling a plastic structure in which a plurality of parts are fastened by a screw member, wherein a screw member recognizing step of recognizing a position of the screw member, And a screw member removing step of positioning the screw member at a position recognized in the step and removing the screw member. 2. A plastic structure is provided with a bar code seal that directly or indirectly indicates the position and type of the screw member, and in the screw member recognition step, the position and position of the screw member are determined based on the bar code seal. The method for disassembling a plastic structure according to claim 1, wherein the type is recognized. 3. The plastic structure according to claim 2, further comprising a screw removing jig selecting step of selecting a screw removing jig suitable for the screw member whose type is recognized in the screw member recognizing step. Dismantling method. 4. A pretreatment device for crushing and kneading plastic waste, comprising: a cylindrical outer member having a bottom; a cylindrical inner member loosely inserted inside the outer member; the outer member and the inner side. Rotating means for relatively rotating the member, supply means for supplying the plastic waste from above into the gap between the outer member and the inner member, and a ring shape formed in multiple stages on the inner peripheral portion of the outer member Of the first cutter and a ring-shaped second cutter formed in multiple stages in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral portion of the inner member, and the first cutter and the second cutter cooperate with each other to dispose of the plastic. Crushing means for crushing the plastic waste supplied by the material supplying means according to the rotation of the outer member and the inner member, and crushing means for crushing the plastic waste provided at the inner bottom portion of the outer member. Collecting means for accumulating the collected plastic waste in the lower opening of the inner member, and plastic waste accumulated by the accumulating means with relative rotation of the inner member provided inside the inner member. A kneading means for extruding the material from the upper opening of the inner member to the outside while kneading the material. 5. The pretreatment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the kneading means has a shaft body that is driven to rotate and a screw blade screwed to the shaft body. 6. The pretreatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the shaft body of the kneading means is provided integrally with the outer member. 7. The pretreatment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a heating means is internally provided in the inner member, and the plastic waste introduced into the inner member is heated and melted by the heating means. .