JPH08186845A - Focal distance controlling stereoscopic-vision television receiver - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To form the stereoscopic-vision television receiver with one channel in accordance with the NTSC standards without use of an eyeglass by using a lens whose focal distance is varied by electrons for all pixels of the television receiver and controlling a virtual vision of the pixcels with respect to all pixels. CONSTITUTION: A stereoscopic vision is obtained basically by controlling a virtual vision appearing in the vertical and horizontal directions by a projection lens or a concave mirror. That is, a focal distance variable lens whose focal distance is varied by electrons is used for all pixels of the television receiver to control a virtual vision of each picture element with respect to all the pixels. For the purpose of it, distance information is to be added to an NTSC signal. The detailed highs and lows of all small pixels are controlled based on the information and one virtual vision is formed through vision forming. Then a side visual sight is obtained through the combinations of large sized concaved and convex lenses. Furthermore, one channel is enough for the purpose, the NTSC stereoscopic-vision television receiver without eyeglass and taking over the existing signal is realized.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Field of Industrial Application] A focus control method in the lens industry. 3D visualization of CRT image devices such as TV. The present invention also relates to a method of measuring distance information to an object when capturing three-dimensional information.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There are three types of reports that have been put to practical use so far as methods for obtaining the effect of stereoscopic vision in moving images. Two of them utilize the parallax of the left and right eyes, and the other utilizes the interference of light. The former two are polarization televisions using glasses and lenticular televisions using lenticular lenses, and the latter two are stereoscopic image technologies generally called holography. These three types of technologies have been put into practical use as devices for obtaining stereoscopic images, but in reality, they have different shortcomings, and due to these shortcomings, generalization has been delayed. The disadvantage of polarized television is that it cannot be viewed stereoscopically without the use of polarizing glasses in which the polarizing lenses are vertically crossed. Since the deflection lens does not transmit much light as it is applied to sunglasses, it is uncomfortable to wear it at all times, so you basically wear deflection glasses only when you watch TV. When there is no glasses, the screen appears as a ghost image of a double image because there is no spectral distribution to the left and right eyes. Therefore, the third party has an inconvenience that it is difficult to watch television. And
There is also a report that even if it appears to be raised due to the parallax of both eyes, the actual light emitting point has a different focal length, so there may be a health hazard to the eyes due to lack of focus. Currently, it is widely used in documentary videos in theaters and museums and computer games. Lenticular TVs do not use glasses, but have the disadvantage that a wide-angle field of view cannot be secured because the light is split into the left and right eyes directly with a very small lens. In addition, most of the individual lenses must be aimed at a human being when the light is split by a small lens. In other words, the left-right spectrum of light cannot be established unless a person is present at the intersection of the light emitted by the rightmost lens and the leftmost lens of the television. In order to split left and right, the machine has to cover the human being and change the direction of the lens, or the human must look at a fixed position each time without moving. The technology that is currently being put into practical use has achieved a wide-angle field of view by making full use of a large number of image channels, but it has a drawback in that the image can fall in love if it is too far or too close to the television. At present, application to videophones and game devices is being considered. For holography technology,
Due to the enormous amount of information, there is the impossibility of radio wave transport, and similarly, it cannot be recorded on video tape. Another drawback is that the current broadcasting system cannot be succeeded due to differences in standards. With regard to the method, there is also a disadvantage that it is impossible to shoot outdoors due to having to irradiate the laser in a dark place in shooting, and it is difficult to shoot a moving image, and similarly, the laser has to be used at the time of reproduction, which is a high cost. Also, the laser is now red green blue 3
Since it is not possible to express the primary colors, it is impossible to record, reproduce, or both complete colors. Currently, it has not been put to practical use in movies, but has been applied to wall hangings as a three-dimensional still photo.

When considering the three-dimensional broadcasting, it is understood that the commonality of standards is important. Before and after changing from black and white to color TV, the same radio waves were adopted for both systems, and the standard was common. Considering consumers, the new product must be able to continue to be used as a conventional product. Similarly, stereoscopic broadcasting is difficult unless it is a stereoscopic television conforming to the current television system such as NTSC or VTR for video.
At that time, when applying the above-mentioned three systems, the deflection television and the lenticular television continue the NTSC standard, but the amount of information for two or more channels is required. In particular, the lenticular type has the advantage that a wider angle of view can be secured as more channels are used, but the fact that many channels are used means that video recording and playback cannot be done without two or more units. To do. With regard to holography, as mentioned above, the information recording method is too different from the current method, so it is difficult to succeed it.

Conventionally, in order to extract stereoscopic information, two cameras have been used side by side for photographing. It is a method of extracting stereoscopic information from the images of the left and right cameras by making full use of a computer. Although the method of computer analysis has been presented in various fields at present, the present situation is that it takes a considerable amount of time for calculation and synthesis when the image quantity is equivalent.

[0005]

A two-dimensional image similar to that of a conventional television can be reproduced, and it is required to make a three-dimensional image when necessary. Further, it is desirable to use a system that enables a wide-angle field of view without using glasses such as those used in a polarized television. The information standard is NTSC, which is common to the conventional standards, the video standard is three-dimensional with VTR, and the line is 1
A method that requires only one channel is a challenge for practical use.

[0006]

The basic method of the stereoscopic image according to the present invention is to control a virtual image (FIGS. 1 and 2) which is formed by a convex lens or a concave mirror and which is vertically and horizontally opposite to each other. Explaining with the case of a convex lens, the focal length of the lens determines the position of the virtual image that stands out. Now, let us look at one picture through a convex lens (Fig. 1). If the picture is reflected as a virtual image at the focal length position, humans may illusion that the virtual image up and down and left and right by the lens is real. This has the same illusion effect that the picture has moved to the focal point. In other words, it appears three-dimensionally. Now, if the lens is instantaneously replaced with one with a different focal length, the focal length will change instantaneously, and the same illusion that the picture has moved instantaneously will be obtained (Figs. 1 and 2). The difference of). If you replace the lens with a lens with a different focal length at high speed, the virtual image in the picture creates the illusion that it behaves like a stereoscopic image that momentarily vibrates back and forth. That is, the virtual image position changes only by replacing the lens. If there is a lens that can control the focal length freely, it should be possible to control three-dimensional ups and downs freely. Then, what happens if not the whole picture, but each subdivided point of the picture has a lens? And if each lens can control the focal length freely, the picture is not only a three-dimensional plane, but also a three-dimensional virtual image with unevenness that is close to reality. If you replace that idea with a TV rather than a picture, each pixel of the TV has a small lens, and they can be freely controlled by lenses with different focal lengths,
If it can be exchanged, it becomes a stereoscopic television without glasses that reproduces a stereoscopic image with unevenness by controlling a stereoscopic virtual image in a planar image. However, the number of pixels in a television is about 250,000, and it is impossible to actually replace each lens by a mechanical method. There is a need for a compact lens that can control the focal length of the lens instantaneously by some electrical method.

Here, a variable focal length lens whose focal length can be freely changed is devised (FIGS. 5 and 6). This lens is an aspherical lens that is curved so as to change from a convex lens to a concave lens, and can be changed steplessly from a convex lens to a concave lens according to the position to look into. When using it as a convex lens, look through the convex lens part of the curved lens. The characteristics of the optical system are as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. According to FIG. 8, an output aberration df proportional to the width da of the input light beam occurs. That is, even if the input is from a point light source, the output light does not converge at one point, and aberration is confirmed. This is because the curvature of the lens changes by df so that the focal length of the lens changes by df within the width da of the input light beam. If the magnitude of the aberration is set to plus df, another lens is used to artificially create a curve of minus df, and if combined, (-df) + df = 0, and the correction is completed. To do.
In other words, if there is a correction lens, it becomes a variable focal length lens that does not change steplessly from a concave lens to a convex lens (FIGS. 9, 10 and 11). As a result, the focus from the point light source is also concentrated at one point.

When the variable focal length lens is downsized and combined with the red, green and blue pixels on the back side, a variable focal length pixel is formed by using the pixel as a point light source. This pixel responds to fluorescent paint when it hits an electron, emits light, and uses it as a point light source to change the color and focal length according to the coordinates, adding a stereoscopic function to the conventional RGB (red, blue, and green) function. It becomes an element. When aberration correction as described in the previous section is performed and an aberration correction lens is combined, the results are as shown in FIGS.
become that way. This variable focal length pixel group is arranged in parallel with the same 250,000 or more NTSC televisions and used in the same manner as a television (FIGS. 13, 14, and 15). As a method of arranging the lenses in parallel, a method of making a plate on a plate such as acrylic can be considered.
Further, depending on the combination of the variable focal length lens and the aberration correction lens, it is divided into the type shown in FIG. 15 or the combined type shown in FIGS. Next, considering the lens as a cathode ray tube applied to a television, the bundles of light emitted from all 250,000 or more pixels pass through the following aberration correction lenses, respectively, and then pass through the variable focal length lens. Take the form of going. As a control method, it is necessary to give a signal to which distance information d that determines the stereoscopic degree is added in view of the signal. It is the same number of parallel signals as the information of red, green, blue (RGB) of the conventional NTSC standard signal. In other words, it is represented by combining like the red-green-blue distance d (RGBD). Regarding the signal containing the stereoscopic information, only the color information is controlled by the red, green and blue electron guns as in the conventional standard, but only the distance d signal is controlled by another method. It is a method to add to vertical synchronization. Now, it is assumed that one of the signals is added to the cathode ray tube control unit as a composite wave of red green blue and the distance d. Next, it is assumed that the scanning line comes to the predetermined coordinates and the electrons are emitted from the electron gun by the amount of red, green, and blue information. A voltage of distance d is applied to the vertical synchronous deflection plate in accordance with the timing of electron emission. The vertical coordinate at which the electrons strike the pixel is proportional to the distance d above and below the voltage. That is, the luminous flux incident on the variable focal length lens is proportional to the distance d voltage. Therefore, the focus of the output light beam is controlled in proportion to the distance d voltage. In that way, pixels allow for color and stereoscopic representations. The above three-dimensional conversion process is applied to all pixels in NTSC.
Perform as a standard.

The variable focal length pixel is small by itself, and the change in the focal length controlled thereby is also very small. In other words, the light flux is too thin to be called a solid, and a wide-angle field of view cannot be obtained, and it is difficult to say that it is stereoscopic. Therefore, it is necessary to enlarge both the field of view and the distance. In other words, we want to make a three-dimensional but minute light beam into a three-dimensionally expanded light beam with a wide-angle field of view by amplifying it like a transistor. Therefore, by devising a structure in which a concave lens and a convex lens are combined so as to cover the entire television, or a structure in which only the convex lens is covered, the information from the small lens is enlarged (FIG. 12) and output (FIG. 13,
(Fig. 14). In other words, the solid body created by the variable focal length pixels is a micro input optical system, and in order to make it actually visible to humans, devise it by dividing it into two relationships with the macro output optical system that expands. . Also, if you want to enjoy the same two-dimensional television as before, you need to switch to the same as before. Also,
A wider-angle view becomes impossible as the structure becomes three-dimensional, but a wider-angle view becomes possible as the plane becomes conversely. Therefore, it suffices to suppress the voltage change by adjusting the amplitude of the distance information d included in the vertical synchronization for controlling the variable focal length pixel with the volume. In other words, the voltage amplitude of the distance information d is maximized when trying to see with a large stereoscopic degree. At that time, the visible range is narrow, but conversely, if the volume is set to the minimum and the amplitude of the distance information d is made close to zero, a flat image is formed, and the adjustment can be made according to the wish of the viewer.

Next, there are two types of proposals for a stereoscopic camera for obtaining a stereoscopic image. They are all VTRs
This is a type of camera that is recorded according to the standard, and is a method of capturing necessary information amount distance d data. One is to use infrared rays to obtain distance data by repeating a pulse state like a flash. In other words, R on the CCD substrate
A cell d that reacts with infrared rays is placed adjacent to GB (see FIG. 1).
8) Measure the time from the emission of infrared rays to the time when they are reflected and returned to the CCD, and use this as distance data in proportion to the time. Since the diffuse reflection at that time is of course expected, an averaging circuit is necessary. It seems that they can be realized as an extension of a kind of autofocus technology that has already been applied. The second is to apply a variable focal length lens. It is used by reversing the input / output relationship of the variable focal length lens. In other words, in the conventional usage method, the output collision distance was determined by the coordinates of the collision of electrons, but the usage method as shown in FIG. 19 is considered reversibly. In the figure, when the light from a certain point light source is applied to the variable focal length lens, the output light is biased in proportion to the distance of the point light source. In terms of illuminance, the position where the light is most concentrated is proportional to the position of the point light source. The CCD with the illuminance meter determines the distance to the event where the most frequent light coordinates are. For this purpose, a method of using the reverse of the structure shown in FIG. 12 in which the image is enlarged is used, and a large lens is used for reduction.
That is, the sense of distance of several meters or more at the time of shooting is reduced to the sense of distance of several centimeters which is effective for the variable focal length lens. In consideration of an actual optical system circuit, when the subject is focused, a virtual image of the subject is projected onto the CCD by the functions of the convex lens and the concave lens. A plate of a variable focal length lens group is put on the CCD. Each of the 250,000 or more CCDs is individually covered with this variable focal length lens. Then, in proportion to the minute focal length difference of the virtual image of the subject, the position where the frequency of the light irradiated on the CCD is high changes. A cell that measures this high-frequency position is a CCD
Add to. If this measurement is possible, all CCDs add color information red green blue (RGB) and distance information d, R
It can be measured as GBD information. Then, the distance d information may be synthesized and recorded in an area which has not been used conventionally or an audio area of the VTR recording medium according to the conventional standard.

[0011]

[Operation] It is assumed that there are 3D television broadcast waves. It is a broadcast radio wave in which the distance information d is put on the current NTSC standard. A conventional television receives the radio waves. Conventional televisions have no ability to receive and reproduce distance information d. However, since it basically has the same information as NTSC, it can be played back as a color TV. The distance information d is ignored. Then, when it is received by a stereoscopic television, it becomes a color television by RGB synchronization and sound as in the current situation, but in parallel with that, the distance d data is also synchronized, and when the RGB data is fired through the electron gun, it becomes the vertical synchronization axis. The distance data is voltage-added, and the input position changes due to a minute change in the coordinates that collide with the pixel, and the focal length is controlled. Then, it is determined how to emboss the color and the solid of the pixel, and the pixel is output. The principle of the dented image and the popped-out image is basically the same as that of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, and this virtual image position determination is simply performed.
Do the same for everywhere. Information from each of the pixels is used as an input optical system, and then an output optical system using a large concave-convex lens enlarges information. As a result, all the small pixel virtual images are crystallized, and an image with one unevenness is reproduced.
The degree of the unevenness is adjusted by the volume and is called the stereoscopicity. When the degree of stereoscopicity is high, the degree of jumping out is rapid, but it can only be seen in a narrow field of view. If you want to see from a wide field of view, you should look at the minimum degree of stereoscopicity. However, at this time, it is expected that the image will be close to a plane.

[0012]

[Effects of the Invention] Since the standard itself remains NTSC even when the current color television broadcasting is changed to stereoscopic broadcasting, even if the stereoscopic television is put into practical use, it can be viewed in the same way as a conventional television. In other words, due to the commonality of the same radio wave standards for stereoscopic television, color television, and black and white, there is no property that causes a decision to generalize as in high-definition television. Also, since the video is of the VTR type, the market can be handled at the same level. Concerning viewing, we can expect the convenience of not wearing glasses. In addition, there is a stereoscopic effect with low visual acuity due to the focus difference of the glasses.

[0013]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional virtual image A formed by a convex lens having a focal length f1 and its positional relationship.

FIG. 2 shows a three-dimensional virtual image formed by a convex lens whose focal length is f2, which is shorter than that in FIG. 1, and its positional relationship.

FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional virtual image A and its positional relationship by combining a concave lens and a convex lens. In this figure, a virtual image can be seen in the recessed position. Further, the virtual image A is not inverted unlike FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 shows a relationship between a light source position a of input light with respect to a convex lens and an output focal length b.

FIG. 5 is a side view of three possible configurations of the variable focal length lens.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a concave-convex composite type.

FIG. 7 is a side view of an output light flux with respect to an input light flux of the variable focal length lens.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the characteristics of FIG. 7 as a coordinate system. The aberration df of the output light beam with respect to the width da of the input light beam can be calculated from here.

FIG. 9 shows the relationship between input and output when a convex lens having a negative convergence difference for correcting aberration is used.

10 shows a relationship in which an output focal length changes according to an electron input position with respect to the correction lens in FIG.

FIG. 11 shows a relationship when the input electron collision position and the output focal length are used as a coordinate system when the aberration correction lens is used as one focal length variable pixel.

FIG. 12 shows a magnifying lens structure for expanding an input minute light beam to obtain an output light beam. This allows
The narrow-angle field of view is expanded to the wide-angle field of view, and the minute stereoscopic change is magnified.

FIG. 13 shows a configuration diagram when a stereoscopic television is put into practical use by using variable focal length pixels. Here, in the cathode ray tube,
More than 250,000 pixels, variable focal length lenses, and aberration correction lenses are arranged in parallel. Then, by using the concavo-convex lens array of FIG. 12, a wide-angle field of view and an enlarging action of the image are performed. Each virtual image A here is one virtual image in which a large number of small pixels are crystallized.

FIG. 14 conceptually describes a lens array in the cathode ray tube of FIG. 13 using a coordinate system. First, an electron is emitted from the electron gun, d for distance information is added, and it becomes light on the pixel. This forms an input light beam, passes through the aberration correction lens and the variable focal length lens, and the stereoscopically reproduced input optical system is completed. Next, in order to magnify these small amounts of information, in the figure, the concave lens is passed through first, and then the convex lens is passed through after enlargement.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a cross-sectional view of the stereoscopic television shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. Pixels and correction lenses are mounted on a single acrylic plate. Next, there is a variable focal length lens also made of acrylic or the like on the right side. These are also arranged side by side in the same way, and have this lens relationship at more than 250,000 places.

FIG. 16 shows a configuration diagram of a combined type of an aberration correction lens and a variable focal length lens. Here, it is independent of the pixel and the resulting light bundle is aberration free.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a lens arrangement in a cathode ray tube when using the composite type shown in FIG. Similarly, it has a structure in which 250,000 or more are arranged on a single acrylic plate.

FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram of a CCD array for obtaining distance information when making a stereoscopic camera.

FIG. 19 shows an effect when a focal length variable lens and an aberration correction lens are applied. Here, the point light source becomes the input light, and the output frequency is shown in the graph. The position of d, which has a high frequency, determines the distance to the point light source. Then, this is applied to measure the distance information d of the actual 3D camera.
At the place of actual application, 250,000 or more of these CCD groups are arranged.

FIG. 20 shows a processing flowchart in a variable focal length television.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A variable focal length lens, which is an aspherical lens that is gently curved from a flat surface to a curved surface, can be steplessly changed to a convex lens, a flat lens, or a concave lens depending on the position where it is viewed (FIG. 5, FIG. 6 and 7). When the variable focal length lens is applied to a television, if a fluorescent paint that reacts with electrons is applied to the back side, the focal point of the light flux output in proportion to the position where the electrons collide changes steplessly Become. In addition, the variable focal length pixels are arranged in parallel with the number of pixels of the television, which is equal to or larger than 250,000 (see FIGS. 14, 15, and 1).
7), a single plate lens group like an acrylic plate.
The control method is carried out by adding a slight distance information voltage d to the vertical synchronizing voltage of the electrons jumping out of the electron gun. result,
The electron is controlled at the position where it collides with the lens, and the vertical sync voltage fluctuation directly controls the focal length. The standardization is performed by adding the distance information d to the NTSC standard information. Similarly, regarding the VTR, by recording the distance information d, a VTR for stereoscopic television is obtained. In order to make the micro three-dimensional information of the variable focal length pixel macro, a large concave lens and a large convex lens are arranged on the front surface of the TV screen to control and expand the luminous flux group. (Figs. 13 and 14) 2. The variable focal length pixel according to claim 1 causes a focal length error due to a change in the width of the input light and the curvature of the lens as shown in FIG. That is, an aberration occurs in which the input does not converge to a point with respect to the point light source. In order to correct this and make the focal point one point, the plus d generated by the variable focal length lens
Minus d as shown in FIG. 9 with respect to f (focal length difference)
The aberration of f (focal length difference) is made from the beginning with the curvature of the other lens as a whole to correct the aberration, and it becomes a variable focal length lens that converges to one point by the sum of the aberrations of both lenses. Use as a correction lens. This aberration correction lens is divided into two parts as shown in FIG.
6, there is a composite type as shown in FIG. 3. The variable focal length lens of claim 1 has the opposite effect of controlling the focal length, and vice versa when the relationship between the input and the output is reversed. That is, when the light from a certain point light source is incident on the variable focal length lens from the opposite direction, the output frequency converges at the coordinate position proportional to the focal length (FIG. 1).
5). That is, the variable focal length lens is reversible, and the distance to the light source can be measured by this coordinate. By applying this principle, the distance to an object is measured, and it is applied to the technology of recording color information and distance information at 250,000 points or more of the NTSC standard.