JPH08177462A - Dust collector - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To conduct regeneration of a filter even if the quantities of gas to be used for one time backwash regeneration is small, by making the filter provided with a vibration means for applying vibration to both sides or one side out of the filter and particle-like materials deposited on the filter and the filter filtration surface. CONSTITUTION: An exciting device 5 taking an eccentric motor as a driving source is provided on a filter case 2, as a vibration means for vibrating a filter 1. In backwash regeneration, exhaust valves 7, 11 upstream and downstream from the filter 1 are closed, and the exhaust gas flow to the filter 1 is shut off. Next, vibrational force is generated by the exciting device 5, the vibration is applied to particle-like materials deposited on a bulkhead 31 of the filter 1, and the particle-like materials are not easily separated from the bulkhead 31. Within the specified time after the vibration is started, the particle-like materials are removed from the bulkhead 31 by the backwash flow to be generated by a backwash flow generator 9, and the particle-like materials are carried outside the filter 1.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a filter for collecting and removing particulate matter contained in a dust-containing gas, and a clean gas passing through the filter in a direction opposite to the dust-containing gas flow in the filter. The present invention relates to an improvement of a dust collector provided with a backwash airflow generator that generates a flow.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known a dust collector for removing particulate matter containing carbon as a main component, which is discharged from a diesel engine vehicle such as a bus or a truck, from exhaust gas by using a filter. . Among them, Japanese Patent Application No. 6-51757, which is the applicant's earlier patent application,
A filter for collecting and removing particulate matter contained in the dust-containing gas, and a backwash airflow generator for generating a clean gas flow passing through the filter in a direction opposite to the dust-containing gas flow in the filter. A provided dust collector is disclosed.

[0003]

However, in the dust collector disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 6-51757 relating to the prior application of the present applicant, the portion of the filter in which airflow easily flows during backwashing. However, there is a problem that the particulate matter cannot be removed properly, and the particulate matter cannot be removed uniformly over the entire filter. Therefore, there is a problem that the particulate matter gradually accumulates and the pressure loss of the filter rises to the extent that it adversely affects the entire system.To solve this, a large amount of backwash air must be instantaneously flown. However, there is a problem that the compressor and the air tank are increased in size.

This problem has been a problem particularly when the dust collector is used in a diesel vehicle such as a bus or a truck. That is, it is conceivable to use the pressurized air used in the brake system in the case of diesel vehicles as the backwash air source, but in that case, it can be used for one backwash regeneration so as not to adversely affect the brake system. The amount of air was 10 to 20 liters, which was a very small amount. Therefore, there is a problem that the conventional dust collector that requires 100 liters or more for one backwash regeneration cannot be used for backwashing a diesel vehicle.

The object of the present invention is to solve the above problems,
An object of the present invention is to provide a dust collector that can regenerate a filter even when the amount of gas used for one backwash regeneration is small, and as a result can prevent an increase in pressure loss of the filter.

[0006]

The first part of the dust collecting apparatus of the present invention
The invention is directed to a filter for collecting and removing particulate matter contained in a dust-containing gas, and a backwash airflow generating a clean gas flow passing through the filter in a direction opposite to the dust-containing gas flow in the filter. In the dust collector with the device,
It is characterized in that the filter is provided with a vibrating means for vibrating both or either of the filter and the particulate matter attached to the filter wall surface.

A second aspect of the dust collector of the present invention is a filter for collecting and removing particulate matter contained in a dust-containing gas, and the filter is disposed in a direction opposite to the dust-containing gas flow in the filter. In a dust collector equipped with a backwash airflow generator that generates a flow of clean gas passing through, the backwash airflow generator is configured to generate a backwash airflow and a shock wave. The sound wave due to is resonated in the case containing the filter.

[0008]

In the above structure, the particulate matter is easily peeled off from the filter wall of the filter by the vibrating force of the vibrating means in the first invention and the vibrating force of the shock wave from the backwash airflow generator in the second invention. After the condition, the particulate matter can be removed from the filter by the backwash airflow, so that the particulate matter can be uniformly removed over the entire surface of the filter with a small amount of backwash airflow, which enhances the filter regeneration capacity and reduces the pressure loss. The rise can be prevented.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the construction of an example of the dust collecting apparatus of the first invention of the present invention. In the example shown in FIG. 1, 1 is a filter for collecting and removing particulate matter contained in dust-containing gas, 2 is a filter case for holding the filter 1, and 3 is a filter case 2 on the upstream side of the filter 1. An exhaust gas introducing portion provided for introducing the exhaust gas, 4 is a backwash chamber provided in the filter case 2 on the downstream side of the filter 1, and 5 is a vibrating means for vibrating the filter 1 provided in the filter case 2, This is a vibration exciter using an eccentric motor or the like as a drive source.

An exhaust pipe 8 having an exhaust valve 7 is connected to the exhaust gas introducing portion 3 via a metal bellows 6 for supplying exhaust gas containing particulate matter to be filtered. A backwash airflow generator 9 for supplying a backwash airflow to the filter 1 is connected to the backwash chamber 4, and the exhaust gas obtained by filtering the particulate matter with the filter 1 is discharged. An exhaust pipe 12 having an exhaust valve 11 is connected via the. Then, the filter case 2, the exhaust gas introduction part 3, and the backwash chamber 4 form a case 13 of the dust collector.

In this embodiment, the backwash airflow generator 9 includes an air compressor 21, an air pipe 22, an air tank 23, an air pipe 25 having a rubber joint 24, a solenoid valve 26 as a control valve for controlling the backwash air, and an air. It is composed of a pipe 27. Further, the filter 1 has a honeycomb structure having a large number of cells partitioned by partition walls 31 having a filtering ability, and a predetermined cell has a sealing portion 32 at one end thereof.
And a sealing part 33 is provided at the other end for the remaining cells.
Is used. Furthermore, bellows 6, 1
The reason why 0 and the rubber joint 24 are used is to prevent the vibration from being transmitted to the exhaust system or the like, because the vibration exciter 5 is used to directly vibrate the filter case 2.

2 to 5 are views showing the configuration of another example of the first invention shown in FIG. 1 of the present invention. 2 to 5
In FIG. 1, the same members as those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. In the example shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the points different from the example shown in FIG. 1 are as follows.
In the example shown in FIG. 2, a hammer device 41 such as an air actuator is used as the vibrating means. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the ultrasonic oscillator 42 is used as the vibrating means. Further, the bellows 6 is provided in the exhaust gas introduction part 3, and the bellows 10 is provided in the backwash chamber 4. In the example shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, in order to vibrate the particulate matter attached to the partition wall 31 and the like of the filter 1, vibrating means for directly vibrating the filter 1 is used.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, a speaker 44 in a speaker box 43 provided in communication with the backwash chamber 4 is used as a vibrating means. As shown in FIG. 4, a whistle or the like can be used as an example of using a sound source, and these mainly vibrate the particulate matter attached to the partition wall 31 and the like of the filter 1 through the vibration of air. As shown in FIG. 4, in the example in which the sound source is used as the vibrating means, since the filter 1 is not directly vibrated, it is not necessary to use the bellows 6, 10 and the rubber joint 24. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the particulate combustion section 45 is provided in the exhaust gas introduction section 3. Therefore, in this example, it is possible to prevent the particulate matter discharged from the filter 1 during backwashing from returning to the filter 1 more reliably.

In the dust collector of the first invention of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, when the vibration frequency generated by the vibrating means is made substantially equal to the natural frequency of the filter 1 and the partition wall 31 having the filtering ability, It is preferable because the vibration can be amplified. In addition, in the example shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the example in which each one vibrating means is provided, but of course,
You may provide more than one. Furthermore, the structure of the filter 1 is also one in which a plurality of flat plate-shaped filter elements having a plurality of mutually parallel through holes penetrating from one end face of the pair of opposed end faces to the other end face are laminated. Can also be used.

The operation of the dust collector of the first invention of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 is as follows. First, at the time of filtering exhaust gas, the exhaust valves 7 and 11 provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the filter 1 are both open. on the other hand,
During the backwash regeneration, the exhaust valves 7 and 11 on the upstream and downstream sides of the filter 1 are closed to shut off the exhaust gas flow to the filter 1. Next, a vibrating force is generated by the vibrating means, and the particulate matter adhering to the partition wall 31 of the filter 1 is vibrated, so that the particulate matter is separated from the partition wall 31.
It becomes easier to peel off. Next, preferably within 10 seconds after the start of vibration, the backwash airflow generated by the backwash airflow generator 9 removes the particulate matter from the partition wall 31 and carries the particulate matter out of the filter 1. Combustion treatment device 45
In the case where the above is provided, the particulate matter carried out to the outside of the filter 1 is mainly carried by the flow of the backwash airflow and is carried into the combustion processing device 45, where it is burnt.

FIG. 6 is a view showing the arrangement of an example of the second invention of the dust collecting apparatus of the present invention. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the same members as those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. The example shown in FIG. 6 differs from the example of the first aspect of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 in that the vibrating means is not provided and the backwash generator 9 also serves as the vibrating means.
That is, when the electromagnetic valve 26 as the air control valve of the backwash airflow generator 9 is suddenly opened and closed to rapidly change the air flow, a shock wave is generated. This shock wave is also used as a vibration applying means. In this case, 6-9 kgf / cm ² ·
G high pressure air is 0.5 sec or less, preferably 0.1
Open and close for a short time of less than sec. Further, a solenoid valve having a diameter of 20 to 50 A is used in order to flow a required amount of air.

In this case, air vibration due to sound waves is generated,
The frequency of vibration that can be effectively used is approximately 5 kHz or less, and vibrations with higher frequencies are significantly damped. However, the sound pressure level is not sufficient only with this shock wave, and means for increasing the sound pressure is required. As a means for this, the sound wave resonates in the case 13 accommodating the filter 1 to amplify the sound pressure. For this, case 1
The case 13 serves as a kind of acoustic tube by forming the can 3 into a can shape. In the case 13, a sound wave having a resonance frequency according to the length of the case 13 is formed.

Further, as means for increasing the sound pressure level of the resonance frequency in the case 13, the sound pressure level (input level) of the air shock wave generated from the backwash airflow generator 9 and jetted into the case 13 is increased. There is a way. For this purpose, it is necessary to amplify the sound pressure level by forming and resonating a standing wave of a sound wave that occurs when a shock wave is generated in the air piping path from the air tank 23 to the backwash chamber 4. Is. The cross-sectional area of the air path changes rapidly near the electromagnetic valve 26, and a node of a standing wave is generated here. Also,
The mouth of the air tank 23 and the jet port to the backwash chamber 4 are open, and this is the waist of the standing wave.

Therefore, from the air tank 23 to the solenoid valve 26
From the solenoid valve 26 to the backwash chamber 4
By adjusting the ratio of the lengths of the air pipes 27 up to, a standing wave is formed and the sound pressure level is amplified. Therefore, the length of the air pipe 25 from the solenoid valve 26 to the air tank 23,
It is preferable that the ratio of the length of the air pipe 27 from the electromagnetic valve 26 to the backwash chamber 4 is approximately (2m + 1) :( 2n + 1), and m and n are integers.

From the viewpoint of heat resistance of the solenoid valve 26, the length of the air pipe 27 from the solenoid valve 26 to the backwash chamber 4 is preferably at least 250 mm or more, more preferably 300 mm or more. Furthermore, if the frequency of the sound pressure formed in the air pipe path of the backwash airflow generator 9 and the sound pressure resonance frequency in the case 13 are made to coincide with each other, the sound pressure level in the case 13 is further amplified. This can be adjusted by the length of the air piping path. For reference, Fig. 7
FIG. 7A shows an example of the resonance frequency sound pressure level before amplification, and FIG. 7B shows an example of the resonance frequency sound pressure level after amplification.

The sound pressure resonance frequency in the case 13 can be changed by changing the length of the case 13. The relationship between the length of the case 13 and the sound pressure resonance frequency is obtained by the following equation (1) by acoustic engineering. An arbitrary resonance frequency can be obtained by changing the length of the case 13. fm = mc / 2L m = 1, 2, 3, ... (1) where fm: resonance frequency (Hz), c: speed of sound (m /
s), L: the length (m) of the case.

Next, a case 13 for accommodating the filter 1
By making the sound pressure resonance frequency in the inside substantially equal to the natural frequency of the partition wall 31 having the filter 1 and the filtering ability, the resonance frequency of the sound wave and 1 and the natural frequency of the partition wall 31 coincide with each other, causing resonance, The vibrations of the filter 1 and the partition wall 31 are amplified and sustained. In this way, the particulate matter is more easily peeled off. If the frequencies do not match, the vibration due to the sound wave is transmitted to the filter 1 but is attenuated immediately and the effect is small.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), the angle of the direction of the backwash airflow outlet with the central axis of the cell of the filter 1 is set to 30 ° to 60 ° so that the shock wave is directly generated. It can be applied to the filter 1, and the initial tremor of the filter 1 can be increased. If the angle is too large, a shock wave will appear parallel to the filter exit surface,
The shock wave does not hit effectively. If the angle is too small, a shock wave strikes the partition wall 31 of the filter 1 in parallel, and the partition wall 31 cannot be effectively shaken. Furthermore, in the filter 1 having a quadrangular cell, as shown in FIG. 8B, from the 45-degree direction of the cell, the partition walls 31 on the four sides forming the cell are uniformly exposed to the shock wave. It is preferable to apply a shock wave.

FIG. 9 is a view showing another example of the second invention of the dust collecting apparatus of the present invention. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the same members as those in the example shown in FIG. 6 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. In the example shown in FIG. 9, two dust collectors shown in FIG. 6 are arranged in parallel to form a dust collector, and each exhaust gas introduction section 3 is provided with a fine particle combustion section 45. Therefore, in this example, the amount of fine particles passing through one filter 1 can be reduced, the life can be extended, and the fine particles discharged from the filter 1 during backwashing do not return to the filter 1 more reliably. You can

In the examples shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 9, the flow rate of gas ejected in the backwash airflow is within twice the volume of the filter 1 at room temperature and normal pressure. It is preferable that the end face of the jet port that jets the backwash airflow generated from the jet into the backwash chamber 4 forms an angle of 90 degrees with the central axis of the jet port at the end face of the jet port. Further, as the structure of the filter 1, it is used that a plurality of flat plate-shaped filter elements having a plurality of mutually parallel through holes penetrating from one end face of the pair of opposed end faces to the other end face are laminated. You can also do it. Further, the operation of the dust collector according to the second invention of the present invention shown in FIGS. 6 and 9 is the same as the operation of the dust collector according to the first invention described above.

[0026]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the vibration force of the vibrating means is used in the first invention, and the vibration force of the shock wave from the backwash airflow generating device is used in the second invention. Since the particulate matter can be easily removed from the filter wall of the filter and then the particulate matter can be removed from the filter by the backwash airflow, the particulate matter can be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the filter even with a small backwash airflow. It can be removed, and the filter regeneration capacity can be enhanced to prevent an increase in pressure loss.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an example of a first invention of a dust collector of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of another example of the first invention of the dust collector of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of still another example of the first invention of the dust collecting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of still another example of the first invention of the dust collector of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of still another example of the first invention of the dust collector of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of an example of a second invention of the dust collecting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining resonance frequency sound pressure levels before and after amplification.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the state of the backwash airflow outlet in the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the configuration of another example of the second invention of the dust collector of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 filter, 5 shakers, 9 backwash airflow generator, 1
3 cases, 41 hammer device, 42 ultrasonic oscillator, 44 speaker

Front page continuation (72) Inventor Yukito Ichikawa 2-5, Sudamachi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A filter for collecting and removing particulate matter contained in a dust-containing gas, and a backwashing for generating a clean gas flow passing through the filter in a direction opposite to the dust-containing gas flow in the filter. A dust collector including an airflow generator, wherein the filter includes a vibrating unit that applies vibration to both or either of the filter and the particulate matter adhering to the filter wall surface. apparatus. 2. The filter has a honeycomb structure having a large number of cells partitioned by partition walls having a filtering ability, one end of a predetermined cell is sealed, and the other end of the remaining cell is sealed. The dust collecting apparatus according to claim 1, which has a sealed structure. 3. The high temperature exhaust gas containing the particulate matter such as black smoke discharged from an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, and the filter is a ceramic material having heat resistance and thermal shock resistance. The dust collector according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: 4. The vibrating means comprises a vibrating machine, one or more ultrasonic vibrators, a hammer device using one or more electromagnets or air cylinders, one or more speakers, 4. At least one of whistles operated by flowing individual or plural compressed air.
The dust collector according to any one of 1. 5. The dust collecting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the vibration frequency generated by the vibrating means is substantially equal to the natural frequency of the filter and the partition wall having the filtering ability. 6. The backwash airflow is generated by the backwash airflow generator within 10 seconds after starting the vibration of the filter while the filter is vibrating by the vibrating means. The dust collector according to any one of 1. 7. The collector according to claim 1, further comprising a device, upstream of the filter, for re-collecting the particulate matter backwashed and removed from the filter for combustion treatment. Dust equipment. 8. A filter for collecting and removing particulate matter contained in a dust-containing gas, and a backwashing for generating a clean gas flow passing through the filter in a direction opposite to the dust-containing gas flow in the filter. In a dust collector provided with an airflow generator, the backwash airflow generator is configured to generate a backwash airflow and a shock wave, and a sound wave generated by the shock wave resonates in a case housing the filter. The dust collecting device is characterized in that 9. The filter has a honeycomb structure having a large number of cells partitioned by partition walls having a filtering ability, one end of a predetermined cell is sealed, and the other end of the remaining cell is sealed. The dust collecting apparatus according to claim 8, which has a sealed structure. 10. The dust collector according to claim 8, wherein a sound pressure resonance frequency in a case accommodating the filter is substantially equal to a natural frequency of the filter and the partition wall having a filtering ability. 11. The backwash airflow generating device comprises one or a plurality of backwash airflow jets, and the jetting direction of the backwash airflow jetted from the jet outlets and the central axis of the cell of the filter. The dust collector according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein an angle formed is in the range of 30 to 60 degrees. 12. The gas flow rate of the backwash airflow is within twice the volume of the filter at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
1. The dust collector according to 1. 13. The dust collecting apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the honeycomb structure filter has a quadrangular cell shape, and the backwashing gas jet direction is approximately 45 degrees with respect to the partition walls of the cell. 14. An end face of a jet outlet for jetting the backwash airflow generated from the backwash airflow generator into the backwash chamber forms an angle of 90 degrees with the central axis of the jet port at the end face of the jet outlet. 14. The dust collector according to claim 13, which is on the same plane. 15. The length of the air flow path from the control valve to the backwash chamber is at least 250 mm or more.
4. The dust collector according to 4. 16. The opening time of each control valve is 0.5 seconds or less, and the pressure in the air tank is 6 kg.
The dust collector according to claim 15, which has a f / cm ² · G or more.