JPH0816332B2 - How to build architecture - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of constructing a building / construction made of concrete and a structure used in the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, when constructing a retaining wall, an extremely large-scale work has been performed, which requires a long construction period.

A conventional retaining wall is, as shown in FIG.
It is constructed on a base 1 that constitutes a concrete foundation, and has a foundation stone 2 such as a stone block or concrete block on the outside.
A stone back wall 3 is formed by stacking, and a rough back-filling concrete 4 is placed inside the stone wall 3, and further a back-back crushed stone 5 is layered inside the back-filling concrete 4. Although not shown, a drainage pipe is provided from the backfill concrete 4 toward the outside of the stone wall 3.

When constructing the above-mentioned conventional retaining wall, it is not possible to form the retaining wall over the entire height at one time, and therefore the construction work is performed by dividing the retaining wall into predetermined heights.

That is, first, after forming the base 1, the structure shown in FIG.
After forming the stone wall 3 corresponding to the predetermined height indicated by symbol H1 in (B), a temporary frame is framed inside the stone wall 3 with a space, and concrete is placed to backfill the concrete 4. After that, the temporary frame is removed, and the backfilled crushed stone 5 is piled up inside the backfilled concrete 4. As a result, a retaining wall having a height H1 is formed.

Next, the same work is performed by reference numeral H in FIG.
It is performed according to a predetermined height corresponding to 2, and a retaining wall having a height H2 is formed on the retaining wall having a height H1. After that, the same work is further repeated to form a retaining wall having a height H3 on the retaining wall having a height H2, and finally, a retaining wall having a predetermined height H1 to H3 is completed.

[0007]

As is apparent from the above, in order to form a conventional retaining wall, it is necessary to go through a large number of steps, which requires extremely large-scale work and a long construction period. There is a problem.

In addition, stacking the stone walls 3 for the retaining wall is unsuccessful in view of the present situation where quarrying is being restricted from the viewpoint of nature conservation.

In particular, in order to form not only a retaining wall but also a concrete structure, it has been necessary to repeat the work of disassembling the temporary frame and disassembling it, which requires a great deal of labor, time and cost. There is a serious problem.

In addition to the above, in general, a place where a retaining wall construction or the like is required is often under severe conditions of natural environment such as mountains, and in order to carry in a large amount of stone blocks or temporary frame members, It has the disadvantage of being forced to work hard.

[0011]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides a method for constructing a building or structure that solves the above-mentioned problems.

Therefore, the present invention is configured as a first means.
The place is, the and in whole or in part consists of a metallic sheet
Polygon with porous structure such as mesh or expanded metal
Of the cylindrical body of the one end 11a
Tapered in the axial direction so that the outer dimension of the other end 11b becomes large
Of the tubular body having the two ends 1 of the tubular body.
Vertical openings 1 in the upper and lower parts and both sides except 1a and 11b
2, 13 and openings 14 and 15 on both sides
Closing the adult 11 and the end opening 16 of the structure 11.
By using the lid member 18, a plurality of the structural bodies 11 are vertically and horizontally stacked, and the vertical openings 12 and 13 are made to communicate with each other between the stacked structural bodies 11, so that the vertical concrete pouring is performed. A masonry step of forming a construction path 19 and forming a lateral concrete filling path 20 by connecting the both side opening portions 14 and 15 to each other, and pouring concrete through the concrete setting path 19 ,
The poured concrete is used as the concrete filling path 20.
It is characterized in that it comprises a concrete pouring step of filling the hollow inside of each structural body 11 via the above, and forming the concrete structure 21 with the structural body 11 embedded.

Further, the present invention is configured as a second means.
The ditch is made of metal sheet and meshed in whole or in part.
A polygonal shape with a porous structure such as a body or expanded metal
A cylindrical hollow body 25 is formed, and the axial direction of the hollow body 25
By installing the guide plates 26 on both sides of the facing end,
Between the guide plates 26, 26, the upper and lower openings 12,
A structure 11 formed by forming 13 and an end portion of the structure 11.
Using the lid member 18 for closing the opening 16,
11 are stacked vertically and horizontally,
The upper and lower openings 12 and 13 are communicated with each other.
Vertical concrete pouring path 19 is formed by bending
And is formed through the upper and lower openings 12 and 13.
Connect the side openings 14a, 14b, 15a, 15b
Lateral concrete filling channel 20 is formed by bending
Through the masonry process and the concrete placing path 19
Concrete is placed and the placed concrete is
When the hollow inside of the tubular hollow body 25 of the adult body 11 is filled with
Both, the concrete placing path 19 and the concrete filling
The entire structure 11 that is vertically and horizontally laminated through the filling passage 20
Make sure that the structure 11 is embedded and the concrete
From the concrete pouring process that forms the structure 21
There is a point.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention in which a structure 11 is a hollow body which can be vertically and horizontally mounted, and has upper and lower openings 12 and 13. Side openings 14 and 15 on both sides are formed.

In this embodiment, the structural body 11 is formed of a metal sheet such as a steel plate into a polygonal, octagonal cylindrical body in the illustrated example, and a large number of structural bodies 11 can be vertically and horizontally stacked. ing.

Although not shown in the drawings, it is preferable that the structure 11 is formed in a shape tapered in the axial direction so that the outer dimension of the other end 11b is larger than the outer dimension of the one end 11a. At the time of storage and transportation, by stacking a plurality of constituent bodies 11 in a nested manner, it is possible to make them bulky.

The upper and lower openings 12 and 13 and the side openings 14 and 15 of the structure 11 may be open openings which are completely opened as shown in the figure, but have a mesh for allowing concrete to flow. A net may be stretched, or a large number of punching metal-like holes may be formed in the cylindrical wall itself of the structural body 11. Furthermore, the entire structure 11 may be composed of a mesh net.

When the structural body 11 is formed of a tubular body as described above, the end openings 16 and 1 are formed at both ends 11a and 11b.
7 is formed, a lid member 18 for closing this is prepared.

The lid member 18 is formed of a metal sheet such as a steel plate into a polygonal shape suitable for the structure 11, and the projecting edge 18a can be fitted inside or outside the end 11a or 11b of the structure 11. Has been done. Although not shown,
The projecting edge 18a is fixed to the end 11a or 11b by a fastener such as a bolt or nut in a state of being fitted inside or outside. Alternatively, a claw piece protruding from the lid member 18 may be used as the component 11
It may be configured to be locked to.

Instead of the above construction, the lid member 18 includes the end portion 1
It can be constituted by a crushed stone plate fitted and fixed to 1a or 11b. In this case, if the lid member 18 made of a crushed stone plate constitutes the outer surface of a wall body such as a retaining wall described later,
It is possible to provide a wall surface such as a retaining wall having an appearance similar to that of a conventional stone wall.

When constructing a building / construction using the above-mentioned construct 11, a large number of constructs 11 are vertically and horizontally laminated,
A skeleton of the target construct is formed (a masonry process). At this time, as shown in FIG.
The upper and lower openings 12 and 13 are communicated with each other so that a concrete placing path 19 in the vertical direction is formed. In addition, the side openings 14 and 15 are communicated with each other, thereby forming a lateral concrete filling path 20.

Then, when the concrete is made to flow down from the upper opening 12 of the uppermost structural body 11, the concrete is poured from the uppermost structural body 11 to the lowermost structural body 11 via the concrete pouring path 19. To be done. At this time, the concrete flowing down is the concrete filling path 20.
Through the inside of each constituent body 11 through the
Concrete structure 2 integrated with 1 embedded
1 is constructed, and the skeleton body by the constituent body 11 constitutes a core embedded in the concrete structure 21 (concrete placing step). If all or part of the structural body 11 is formed of a net as described above, the net functions as a so-called lath, increasing the binding force of concrete and strengthening concrete.

FIG. 3A shows a retaining wall 21a according to the present invention.
Shows an example of building. According to the invention, the retaining wall 21
Base 2 that was used as a concrete foundation when building a
After forming 2, the structure 11 is laid vertically and horizontally as described above, and concrete is poured to construct the retaining wall 21a composed of the concrete structure 21. The retaining wall 21a is formed inside the retaining wall 21a. It is sufficient to pile up the crushed stones 23 in the back.
As shown in FIG. 1 (B), a tubular space 24 is formed between the constituents 11, and the tubular space 24 extends from the back crushed stone 23 through the retaining wall 21a to the outside. Construct an open drainage channel.

In constructing the retaining wall 21a, the retaining wall 21a may be first constructed and then the backfilled crushed stones 23 may be piled up. You can also put concrete in. In the latter case, as shown in FIG.
The amount of concrete placed can be reduced by filling a part of the hollow interior of the above with crushed stone 23.

As described above, according to the present invention, the work may be divided into the heights H1 to H3 as in the prior art described with reference to FIG. 3 (B), but if necessary, the work can be performed at the predetermined height. The retaining wall 21a can be formed by a series of operations, and the complicated work of disassembling and removing the temporary frame as in the conventional case is not required.

By the way, when the concrete structure 21 is constructed to have an inclined wall surface like the retaining wall 21a shown in FIG. 3 (B), both ends 11a, 11 of the structural body 11 are previously prepared.
Although it is preferable to form b in parallel inclined edges, even in the case of the structure 11 in which the edges of both ends 11a and 11b are orthogonal to the axis as shown in FIG.
It is possible to construct a concrete structure 21 having an inclined wall surface as a whole by laying the upper structure 11 while shifting the position in the axial direction, and at that time, as shown in FIG. In addition to the inclined surface in the direction in which the outer surface retracts as shown, it is also possible to form an undercut-shaped inclined surface in which the outer surface projects.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the retaining wall 21 as shown in FIG.
In addition to a, bridge girders of bridges, protective walls on river banks,
It can be beneficially implemented for constructing a concrete structure 21 for various purposes such as a protection wall for a road shoulder.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the structure 11 includes guide plates 26 on both sides of an axial end of a hollow body 25 which can be vertically and horizontally mounted. The upper and lower openings 12, 13 between the guide plates 26, 26.
Is formed.

The hollow body 25 is formed in a polygonal shape, that is, a hexagonal shape in the illustrated example.
25b, which are located on both sides of the upper opening 12 and are connected to both sides of the upper opening 12 to form side openings 14a and 15a, and which are connected to both sides of the lower opening 13 to be side openings 14b and 15b.
Is formed.

When the hollow body 25 is formed in a hexagonal tubular shape, a lid member 18 for closing the end opening 16 is prepared. The lid member 18 is made of a metal sheet such as a steel plate.
It is formed in a hexagonal shape that fits the hollow body 25, and has a projecting edge 18a.
Is configured to be capable of being fitted inside or outside the end opening 16 of the structure 11. Although not shown, the projecting edge 18a is fixed to the hollow body 25 by a fastener such as a bolt or a nut in a state of being fitted in or fitted to the hollow body 25. At this time, the lid member 18
Can be configured by a crushed stone plate that is fitted and fixed inside the end opening 16, and the appearance of a stone wall can be exhibited on the outer surface of the concrete structure 21 constructed by this.

The ends of the pair of guide plates 26, 26 are
It can be closed by a closing plate 27, and a pair of tongue pieces 28, 28 extending from the closing plate 27 are fitted to the guide plates 26, 26 and fixed by fasteners such as bolts and nuts (not shown).

In constructing a building / construction based on the second embodiment, a large number of constituent bodies 11 are vertically and horizontally laminated,
A skeleton of the target construct is formed (a masonry process). At this time, as shown in FIG. 2B, the upper and lower openings 12 and 13 and the side openings 14a, 15a, 14b, and 15b are made to communicate with each other of the constituent bodies 11 that are stacked in a honeycomb shape, Therefore, the vertical concrete placing path 19
A lateral concrete filling channel 20 is formed. If a bendable engagement piece 29 is provided by forming a cross or other slit on the side wall of the hollow body 25, the adjacent hollow bodies 25 are locked to each other via the engagement piece 29. It can be fixed and convenient for masonry work.

Therefore, when concrete is made to flow down from the upper opening 12 of the uppermost structural body 11, the structural body from the uppermost structural body 11 to the lowermost structural body is passed through both the concrete placing path 19 and the concrete filling path 20. 11, concrete is poured, and the flowing-down concrete is filled in the hollow inside of each constituent body 11, and an integrated concrete structure 21 with the constituent body 11 embedded therein is constructed. The skeleton of 11 constitutes a core embedded in the concrete structure 21 (concrete placing step).

Also in the second embodiment, if the whole or part of the structural body 11 is made of a net body, expanded metal or the like, the mesh formed vertically and vertically is the concrete placing path 19 and the concrete filling path. Combines 20 functions,
The so-called lath effect can be expected as in the case of the first embodiment. Other configurations are the same as those described in the first embodiment.

[0036]

According to the present invention, it is possible to easily construct a building / structure by reducing the conventional harsh labor of loading a large amount of stone blocks and temporary frame members. In addition, at the time of construction, the complicated work of disassembling and disassembling the temporary frame as in the past is not required, and even if the temporary frame is needed, the minimum temporary frame work is sufficient, and the required predetermined frame can be used. Since the concrete structure 21 having a height can be formed by a series of simple operations, the operation is easy and the construction period can be shortened.

Also according to the invention, the construction 11 is simply
By laying up the concrete
It is possible to construct a skeleton body having a concrete filling channel 20 in the lateral direction, and after the concrete is poured, the structure 1
Since the concrete structure 21 is built with 1 embedded, it is possible to easily construct various concrete structures 21 for different purposes by setting the masonry form of the construct 11 to various forms. In addition, since the framework of the embedded structure 11 is used as the core, the high strength of the concrete structure 21 is guaranteed. In particular, according to the present invention, the following outstanding effects are achieved.
Can be (1) Either of claim 1 or 2
Also in the present invention, the structure 11 is made of a metal sheet.
And whole or part of mesh or expanded metal, etc.
Does it constitute a polygonal tubular body with a porous structure?
Easily by controlling the metal sheet by press molding, etc.
Not only can it be made, but its light weight makes it easy to handle.
Easy to use and embedded in concrete structure 21
The so-called lath function is used when constructing the frame-shaped core
To increase the bond strength of concrete and
Strengthen your reet. (2) In this case, according to the present invention described in claim 1,
The adult 11 has the other end 11b more than the outer dimension of the one end 11a.
Cylindrical shape with a taper in the axial direction so that the external dimensions are large
As it composes the body, there are multiple
Low volume by stacking the constituents 11 in a nested manner
It can be put together and combined with the light weight made of metal sheets.
Guarantees ease of handling. In this regard, metal
The structure 11 made of a sheet is
There is a risk of being crushed by concrete pressure, but the structure
Reference numeral 11 designates the upper and lower openings and both side openings at both ends of the tubular body.
It was opened in the upper and lower parts and both sides except 11a and 11b.
In other words, the both end portions 11a and 11b are the annular cylindrical wall.
Therefore, the metal sheet with a porous structure is used.
Although it has a fragile structure,
It can withstand the driving pressure firmly and achieve the intended purpose.
it can. (3) On the other hand, according to the present invention described in claim 2, the configuration
The body 11 is guided to both sides of the axial end of the tubular hollow body 25.
Since the plates 26, 26 are extended,
The hollow body 25 must withstand the concrete pouring pressure firmly.
Can be. By the way, when pouring concrete
The concrete hits the guide plates 26, 26 and does not come into contact with the concrete.
The tubular hollow body can change the direction of flow because
25 will be filled inside (the guide plate 26
Id function). Meanwhile, it is embedded in the concrete structure 21.
Then, the guide plate 26 is moved from the hollow body 25 into the concrete.
Constructing an extending embedded bone (reinforcing bone machine for the guide plate 26
Noh). Therefore, the guide plate 26 has the above-mentioned guide function and reinforcement.
It has the effect of combining bone functions.

[Brief description of drawings]

1A and 1B show a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a structural body, and FIG. 1B is a sectional view of a constructed concrete structure.

2A and 2B show a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a structural body, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of a constructed concrete structure.

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of a retaining wall adopted as an example of a building, (A) is a side sectional view of a retaining wall constructed according to the present invention, and (B) is a side sectional view of a conventional retaining wall. is there.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Structural body 12 Upper opening 13 Lower opening 14 Side opening 14a Side opening 14b Side opening 15 Side opening 15a Side opening 15b Side opening 18 Lid member 19 Concrete pouring road 20 Concrete filling channel 21 Concrete structure 21a Retaining wall 25 Hollow body 26 Guide plate 27 Closing plate

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A metal sheet, which is wholly or partially
Polygon with porous structure such as mesh or expanded metal
It is a cylindrical body and the external dimensions of one end (11a)
Axial so that the outer dimension of the other end (11b) is large
A tubular body having a taper in the
Above and below both sides except both ends (11a, 11b)
Lower opening (12, 13) and both side openings (14, 1)
5) and the constituent body (11) formed by opening the same, and the constituent body (1)
1) a lid member (18) for closing the end opening (16)
In use, a plurality of the structural bodies (11) are vertically and horizontally stacked, and the vertical openings (12, 13) are made to communicate with each other between the stacked structural bodies (11). A masonry step of forming a concrete pouring path (19) and forming a lateral concrete filling path (20) by connecting the both side opening portions (14, 15) to each other, and the concrete pouring path ( 19) via which concrete is poured, and the cast concrete is filled into the hollow inside of each constituent body (11) through the concrete filling channel (20), and the constituent body (11) is embedded. A method of constructing a building / construction, which comprises a concrete placing step of forming a concrete structure (21) in a state. 2. A metal sheet, which is wholly or partially
Polygon with porous structure such as mesh or expanded metal
And the hollow body (2).
5) Extend the guide plates (26, 26) on both sides of the axial end of
By installing it, it can be placed between the guide plates (26, 26).
To form upper and lower openings (12, 13).
1) and closing the end opening (16) of the structure (11)
Using the lid member (18) which, to masonry a plurality of said structure (11) vertically and horizontally, it is masonry
The upper and lower openings between the above-mentioned structures (11).
By connecting (12, 13) to each other,
The cleat driving path (19) is formed and the upper and lower openings are formed.
The side opening (14 formed through (12, 13))
a, 14b, 15a, 15b) to communicate with each other.
Masonry forming a horizontal concrete filling channel (20)
Process and concrete through the concrete placing path (19)
Placing the concrete into the concrete (11)
When it is filled in the hollow inside of the cylindrical hollow body (25) of
And the concrete placing path (19) and concrete
Structures (1) stacked vertically and horizontally via a filling channel (20)
1) The whole body of 1) is spread and the above-mentioned construct (11) is embedded.
Concrete that forms a concrete structure (21) in the closed state
Construction / construction characterized by a construction process
How to build things.