JPH0815113A - Hardness measuring apparatus for soil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an apparatus for measuring the hardness of soil easily and positively in a field planted with crops without damaging the crops. CONSTITUTION:A supporting rod 1 is fitted, slidingly in the axial direction, with a guide pipe 2 coupled with the acting point of a load gauge C indicating the value of an acting load and equipped with a function for holding and resetting the maximum load value. The body of the load gauge C is engaged with the supporting rod 1 and a the guide pipe 2 is fixed with a handle. Furthermore, the supporting rod 1 is fixed, at the lower end thereof, with a measuring member B comprising a coupling rod 12 and a pointed part 13 having a diameter larger than the coupling rod 12. Graduations 14 for measuring the depth are provided on the outer peripheral face of the coupling rod 12.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil hardness measuring instrument, and more particularly to a measuring instrument for directly measuring soil hardness (soil aggregate state) in a field.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The hardness of soil in a field where agricultural crops are cultivated greatly affects the growth of agricultural crops, and in soft soil in which soil particles are aggregated, air permeability and water retention are ensured, Roots grow deep into the soil and ingest nutrients to grow well, but in tightly contaminated soil the air permeability and water retention are poor,
The root invasion of the crop is shallow and the crop is vulnerable to pests. Although it is very important to measure the hardness of soil in such a field, there is a large-scale device as a measuring instrument. The device pushes the cone into the soil at a constant speed by driving a motor or the like, measures the resistance value (force required for pushing) at that time, and judges by the resistance value.

[0003]

Therefore, since the above-mentioned conventional measuring device is large, it is very difficult to carry it directly into the field where the crop is planted and measure it without damaging the crop. In addition, when the measurement points in the field are moved to measure several points, the moving work is difficult, and it is almost impossible for the producer himself to quickly move and measure on-site when necessary. Is close to. In addition, since such measuring instruments are expensive, they cannot be owned by each farm, and even if they want to make actual measurements, they ask the relevant organizations to do so, so it is difficult to measure as the farmers want. I have a problem.

The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the above-mentioned conventional techniques, and its purpose is to easily and reliably measure a crop in a field where the crop is planted without damaging the crop. To provide a measuring instrument that can know the condition of soil. Another object is to provide a measuring instrument which does not require a power source such as a motor and can be easily carried and used.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The technical means taken by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned object is to provide a pointed portion having a pointed shape at the tip, and a connecting rod located rearward from the pointed portion. Is a measuring member having a smaller diameter than the maximum diameter portion of the pointed portion, and on the outer peripheral surface of the connecting rod, a scale having the tip pointed at the tip as a starting point is displayed.
The load can be applied by gripping the handle with a hand, and the load applied to the handle can be displayed, and the measuring member and a supporting member for mounting and supporting the load meter, the supporting member including the supporting rod and the supporting rod. The load meter main body is engaged with the support rod, and the working point of the load meter is connected and fixed to the guide tube.

The connecting rod of the above-mentioned measuring member is connected to the supporting rod, and the connecting position is connected by making it coincide with the axial center line of the load meter in which the action point is fixedly connected to the guide tube, that is, the vertical line passing through the action point. Has been done. The connecting rod is not limited to a single long rod, but a rod having a fixed size may be connectable and separable by a screwing structure, and the number of connected rods is determined according to the situation at the measurement site. Further, a donut-shaped reference plate is loosely fitted in the connecting rod so that it can be moved up and down so that the scale of the connecting rod can be easily read even if the measurement points are uneven.

The load meter is, for example, a spring scale or a digital display meter in which a load can be applied by hand and the applied load is displayed.

[0008]

According to the above means, the connecting rod having the required length is connected and connected to the supporting rod, and the total load of the connecting rod, the tip of the tip and the supporting member is confirmed by the load meter as the initial load. After confirming the initial load, squeeze the handle of the measuring device and vertically stab the measuring member at the measuring point in the field, and the measuring member rod enters into the soil, and the depth of the point is the outer peripheral surface of the connecting rod. Read the scale displayed on the display, and read the load applied to the handle at that time on the scale of the load meter. That is, the force required to push the tip into the soil is expressed as "soil hardness" in Kg units, and the distance from the ground surface to the tip of the tip is expressed as "depth" in Cm units. . Further, since the load cell is equipped with a mechanism for holding the maximum load value, it is possible to easily know the load (Kg) required to insert the load to a predetermined depth.

[0009]

According to the soil hardness measuring instrument of the present invention, the soil condition can be measured and diagnosed by human operation without requiring a power source such as a motor.
That is, the measurement is the amount of penetration (depth) of the tip into the soil,
Depending on the two factors of the load applied to insert the cusp, "the load required to insert it to the specified depth (maximum load)", "how deep can it be inserted by the specified load value", etc. Can be measured easily and easily. Moreover, its structure is so simple that it can be manufactured at low cost and can be owned by each farmer.

Further, since the measuring member is located on the axis of the load meter and is connected to the supporting rod as described in claim 2, the measuring line is measured with the center line of the action point where the handle is gripped and the load is applied. When the axes of the members are aligned and the handle is gripped and pushed in, the measuring member does not wobble and can be pushed in and inserted smoothly in the vertical state. Therefore, even a first-time operator can easily handle it.

Further, in the case of the structure described in claim 3, the disc-shaped reference plate loosely fitted to the connecting rod is positioned horizontally on the ground surface as the tip of the measuring member enters the soil. In order to maintain the state, even if the measurement location is uneven, the depth of the pointed portion can be easily read by the reference plate that intersects the connecting rod at a substantially right angle.

[0012]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an overall view, in which the measuring device is a support member A,
The supporting member A is composed of a measuring member B and a load cell C, and the supporting member A is a straight supporting rod 1 made of a metal pipe, and a guide pipe 2 of a metal pipe fitted on the outside of the supporting rod 1 so as to be vertically slidable.
And a bolt 3 for attaching a load meter C is attached to the upper side surface of the supporting rod 1 of the supporting member A, and a mounting plate for connecting and connecting the measuring member B to the lower end of the supporting rod 1. 4 is laterally projected and bolted.

The guide tube 2 fitted to the outside of the support rod 1 has a length shorter than that of the support rod 1 so that the support rod 1 projects from the upper and lower ends of the guide rod 2, and the lower portion of the guide pipe 2 Bearing pieces 5 are fixed to the side surfaces in parallel at a predetermined interval, and between the left and right bearing pieces 5, an annular portion 6a at the tip of the expandable arm 6 which is the point of action of the load cell C is formed by a bush 7 and a connecting screw rod 8. It is connected via a nut 9. Further, a long groove 10 is formed on the peripheral wall of the guide tube 2 along the axial direction, and a stopper pin 11 is fixed to the peripheral surface of the support rod 1 through the long groove 10, whereby the guide tube 2 is surrounded. The vertical movement range of the guide tube 2 that stops rotating in the direction and slides vertically along the support rod 1 is restricted. The load cell C mounted across the support rod 1 and the guide tube 2 is a bolt 3 attached to the upper portion of the support rod 1 for supporting in parallel with the axis of the support member A, and an attachment plate attached to the lower end. 4. It is necessary to adjust the positional relationship between the stopper pin 11 attached to the peripheral surface of the support rod 1, the long groove 10 notched in the peripheral wall of the guide tube 2, and the bearing piece 5 attached to the lower side surface of the guide tube 2.

The measuring member B, which is connected and connected to the mounting plate 4 attached to the lower end of the support rod 1, is a connecting rod 12 having a predetermined length made of a straight rod rod made of straight metal, and a tip attached to the tip of the connecting rod 12. It is composed of the head 13, and the scale 14 starting from the tip of the pointed head 13 is displayed on the outer peripheral surface of the connecting rod 12.
The connection between the connecting rods 12 and the connection between the connecting rods 12 and the pointed heads 13 can be freely separated by a screwing structure.
Further, the tip portion 13 attached to the tip of the connecting rod 12 has a conical tip shape, and its maximum diameter portion is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting rod 12, whereby the measuring member B is inserted into the soil. The resistance received at this time is received only by the tip 13, and earth pressure does not act on the connecting rod 12 above the tip 13. Further, the measuring member B is connected to the mounting plate 4 by inserting the screw rod portion formed on the upper end of the uppermost connecting rod 12 into the hole of the mounting plate 4 and attaching the wing nut 15 to the screw rod portion protruding from the mounting plate 4. The measurement member B can be separated from the support member A by screwing and connecting with each other and removing the wing nut 15.

On the connecting rod 12 of the measuring member B, a disc-shaped reference plate 16 made of a resin flat plate is loosely fitted up and down with respect to the connecting rod 12, so that the measuring member at the measuring point having irregularities is formed. It facilitates reading of the scale indicating the insertion depth of the tip 13 at B.

The load cell C is a spring balance generally known today, and a load is applied to the telescopic arm 6 by hand to display the acting load value on the load cell. The value is displayed and held, and the placement needle can be cleared and reset by manual operation. A handle 17 used to apply a load by hand is horizontally fixed to the left and right outer sides of the bearing piece 5 of the guide tube 2 connecting the telescopic arm 6 of the load meter C.

The purpose is to collect data for estimating the condition of the roots of crops in soil by using the measuring device constructed as described above. Appropriate measurement points to estimate how deep the roots of the crop can be active, the condition of the roots and soil,
Select several places around the crop, pierce the hardness tester perpendicularly to the soil, and measure the following items. The speed of pushing the tip of the measuring member is 5 Cm / sec. As for the content of the measurement, "hardness of soil" and "depth" are measured by the following method for a plurality of items showing the correlation, and the results are recorded. At this time, the condition of the soil surface wetness is visually determined from "dry" to "wet", and recorded together with the above measurement results.

Regarding "soil hardness", while looking at the scale 14 displayed on the connecting rod 12 constituting the measuring member, 10 cm
When the load exceeds 25Kg, the method is to proceed and stop, and push forward in 10Cm increments, such as from the surface to 10Cm and then to 20Cm, and record the maximum load in each 10Cm section. To cancel. Regarding "depth", you can pierce the tip of the head while looking at the load cell, and pierce within the range that does not exceed the specified value.
The maximum value of is read on the scale 14 on the connecting rod 12. The measurement is
The maximum value is sequentially measured for each designated load of 10 kg, 15 kg, and 25 kg, and the result is recorded.

That is, by holding the handle 17 and pushing it down vertically against the spring force of the load meter C, the measuring member B is pushed down via the supporting member A to which the load meter C is attached, and the measuring member B The tip 13 of the tip of the connecting rod 12 is inserted into the ground. In the measurement using this measuring device, both the depth of the cusp 13 to be inserted into the ground and the load value required to insert to a certain depth are measured member B and load cell C.
It can be read from. Moreover, since this measuring instrument does not require a power source such as a motor as described above, it can be easily used by bringing it into the field where crops are planted because it is operated by human power and can be used easily from the supporting member A to the measuring member. If B is separated, it becomes compact and convenient for carrying and storing.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing an embodiment of a measuring device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along the line (2)-(2) of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a usage state of the measuring instrument.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A ... Supporting member B ... Measuring member C ... Load meter 1 ... Supporting rod 2 ... Guide tube 12 ... Connecting rod 13 ... Point 14 ... Scale 16 ... Reference plate 17 ... Handle

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A load meter in which a guide pipe is axially slidably fitted to the outside of a support rod, and the guide pipe displays an acting load value and is provided with a maximum load value holding mechanism and a reset mechanism. The load bar main body is attached to a support rod, and a handle is attached to the guide tube, and the lower end of the support rod is larger than the connecting rod and the outer diameter of the connecting rod. A hardness measuring instrument for soil, characterized in that a measuring member consisting of a sharp tip is attached, and a scale for measuring depth is displayed on the outer peripheral surface of the connecting rod of the measuring member. 2. The soil hardness measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the connecting rod of the measuring member is located on the axis of the load meter and is connected to the supporting rod. 3. The soil hardness measuring instrument according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a reference plate is loosely fitted to the connecting rod of the measuring member so as to be vertically movable.