JPH08149907A - Coated plant seed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain coated plant seeds coated with a coating agent containing a biodegradable resin, controlled so as to germinate after passing for a definite period after sowing, capable of sowing seeds without being restricted by sowing period of plant seeds and suitable for sowing seeds onto the ground, etc., newly formed by engineering works, etc. CONSTITUTION: These coated plant seeds is coated with a coating agent containing a biodegradable resin such as polylactic acid-based resin degraded by microorganisms in soil, further preferably containing an inorganic filler such as diatomaceous earth or talc, a growth regulator such as abscisic acid, gibberellin or cytokinin and a fertilizer such as controlled release fertilizer and controlled so as to germinate the seeds after passing for a definite period after sowing.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to coated plant seeds having a controlled germination time, and particularly to road slopes, lake slopes, river slopes, widespread land preparation, disaster prevention, greening, landscape preservation, etc. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a coated plant seed for planting, which is sown and grown for seeds.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, regarding coated plant seeds,
For example, seeds may be coated with a mixture of powder such as diatomaceous earth and a water-soluble binder to be granulated to facilitate seeding (Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-53323), and seeds may be coated with a coating agent containing a growth promoter. Promoting growth after germination (Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-58)
No. 323), a technique of putting seed buds in a resin container which is deteriorated by ultraviolet rays and sowing the seeds when harvesting rice in autumn (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-279).
No. 07) has been proposed. These include storage of seeds, facilitating sowing such as mechanical sowing of seeds, improvement of germination rate and promotion of growth after germination, insecticidal and disease control at germination using a germicide / insecticide mixed coating agent, etc. This is the intended technology.

[0003]

Generally, when seeds are sown, many of them have the property of germinating after a short period of time when germination conditions such as temperature and moisture are appropriate. The period is limited to a relatively narrow period. For example, from July to October is considered an unsuitable period for seeding, and when seeded during this period, germination occurs immediately, and because of the low temperature after November, further growth cannot be achieved and the plant dies. Therefore, the sowing time is supposed to be in the middle of March to June. Except in special areas, most seeds cannot be sown except at their optimum sowing time.

On the other hand, road slope work is carried out throughout the year, and if seeds of trees and herbs necessary for greening work after the foundation work can be sown regardless of the completion time of the work, Compared to sowing after the completion of construction, significant labor saving can be expected, and its effect on economic efficiency is very large. The germination rate of woody seeds is generally low and is said to be about 60%. However, it is also desired to improve the germination rate for reasons such as economy.

The coated seed produced using the water-soluble binder is effective for extending the storage period, but after sowing, if other conditions such as temperature are appropriate, the coated seed is affected by the water content in the soil. Will collapse and germinate easily. Therefore, even if the coated seeds are sown in July to October, they are likely to germinate in a short time.

Therefore, there is a need for seeds that do not germinate for a certain period of time after sowing even if the germination conditions are appropriate.

[0007]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is the following invention which provides a new coated seed designed so that the coating will disintegrate and germinate and grow at a preset time after sowing.

[0008] A coated plant seed coated with a coating agent containing a biodegradable resin that is degraded and disintegrated by microorganisms in soil and adjusted to germinate after a lapse of a certain period after sowing.

The plant seed in the present invention may be a woody seed or a herbaceous seed. For the greening of slopes and the like formed recently by civil engineering work, since it is particularly desired to use the seeds of woody plants, seeds of woody plants are particularly preferable. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is necessary to use the seeds of the herbs like the conventional ones for the purpose of stabilizing the ground and the greening at the initial stage on the slope, and the use of the seeds of the herbs is suitable as the seed of the present invention. There are quite a few. Also,
The use of wildflowers is expanding as described below,
The use for seeds of mainly herbs for this purpose is also preferred.

Various biodegradable resins can be used in the present invention. For example, biodegradable starch-based resin,
Examples include biodegradable polyhydroxycarboxylic acid resins and biodegradable aliphatic polyester resins. These biodegradable resins have a property that they are gradually deteriorated and disintegrated by microorganisms in the soil, and thus, germination of seeds can be suppressed to a certain extent until the resin deteriorates and disintegrates to some extent. It is considered that after the deterioration and collapse of the resin, the seeds are germinated when the conditions necessary for germination such as moisture, air, or light are satisfied, and in addition, the temperature conditions are satisfied.

The biodegradable starch-based resin is a resin having an IPN structure of starch and modified PVA, and some of them are blended with an aliphatic polyester. The proportion of starch in the total of starch and modified PVA is usually about 40 to 95% by weight, and the higher the proportion of starch, the easier the biodegradation in a short period of time. Considering the biodegradation period, the proportion of starch is preferably 40 to 70% by weight.

The biodegradable polyhydroxycarboxylic acid type resin is a homo-copolymer of hydroxycarboxylic acid such as lactic acid, hydroxybutyric acid and hydroxyvaleric acid. A typical biodegradable polyhydroxycarboxylic acid type resin is polylactic acid. It is a resin. Polylactic acid-based resin is usually a polymer produced by ring-opening polymerization of lactide, and its molecular weight is tens of thousands or more,
In particular, the commercially available products are said to be 500,000 to 1,000,000. This molecular weight usually regulates the duration of biodegradation. Also,
A copolymer of hydroxybutyric acid and hydroxyvaleric acid is also known as a biodegradable resin. Although this copolymer depends on the molecular weight, its biodegradation period is controlled mainly by the proportion of hydroxyvaleric acid residues in the copolymer (it is said that it can be varied in the range of 0 to 40 mol%). The higher the proportion of hydroxyvaleric acid residues, the shorter the biodegradation period.

The biodegradable aliphatic polyester resin is an aliphatic polyester resin having an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residue and a diol residue. The aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is succinic acid, and the diol is ethylene glycol or 1,4-.
Butanediol is commonly used. Typical examples of this biodegradable resin are polyethylene succinate and polybutylene succinate. Their molecular weight is usually 2-10
30,000, and 30,000 to 50,000 are commercially available. The biodegradation period varies depending on its molecular weight, and it is said that polyethylene succinate has a slower biodegradation rate in soil in comparison with both.

The biodegradation period of the biodegradable resin can be adjusted by changing the type of biodegradable resin as described above, or by changing the molecular weight and composition of the same type of biodegradable resin. Of course, the biodegradation period can be adjusted by varying the coating thickness. The biodegradation period can also be adjusted by using two or more biodegradable resins in combination. Further, as will be described later, it is possible to change the period until the coating disintegrates and germinates by adding various compounding agents to the biodegradable resin. In the present invention, the period until germination of the seeds coated by such means can be adjusted.

The period until the coated seeds are allowed to germinate after sowing is preferably adjusted at a preset time of 3 to 6 months. Usually, the temperature condition is not appropriate from December to February, so that it is preferable to adjust the period until germination of the above-mentioned coated seed in order to suppress germination until December. For example, seeds sown in August form a coating that can prevent germination for at least 3-4 months until December.

The coating agent for coating the seed may be a biodegradable resin alone or a biodegradable resin containing various additives. As the additives, there are additives for resins such as fillers added to various resins depending on the purpose, and additives used according to the purpose specific to seed coating.
Examples of the former include a colorant, an adhesion aid, a stabilizer and a lubricant in addition to the filler. Examples of the latter include various growth regulators such as plant hormones and fertilizers.
Furthermore, in order to further ensure the decomposition of the biodegradable resin, microorganisms or enzymes that decompose cellulose or protein can be used.

In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to add a filler, a growth regulator, a fertilizer and the like. As the filler, inorganic fillers such as diatomaceous earth, talc and zeolite are preferable. The period until the collapse of the coating can be adjusted also by the blending amount of the filler. Examples of growth regulators include growth inhibitors such as abscisic acid to germination inhibitors and growth promoters such as gibberellin and cytokinin. Fertilizers are effective in promoting post-germination growth,
In particular, by using a slow-release fertilizer, it is possible to prevent undesired effects such as fertilizers and burns.

In the present invention, the method for coating the seed with the biodegradable resin is not particularly limited. For relatively large seeds,
A coating material such as a biodegradable resin or a composition containing the same can be directly applied to the seed surface for coating. For example, the seeds can be coated by the usual powder coating means or liquid coating means using the coating material powder, the coating material solution, or the dispersion liquid. Alternatively, the seeds may be put into a powder mixture in which the powdery biodegradable resin is mixed with another coating material and pressure-molded into a columnar shape or the like using a tableting machine to obtain the coated seeds. Furthermore, means such as wrapping and sealing seeds using a film of biodegradable resin can also be used. Further, in the case of relatively fine seeds, a mixture of the coating material powder and the seeds can be granulated by various means to form coated seeds. In this case, one particle may contain two or more seeds.

The size of the coated seed is not particularly limited, but it is easy to handle (especially compatibility with mechanical sowing equipment).
Therefore, it is preferably 1 to 15 mm, and more preferably 2 to 10 mm, unless the seed is particularly large. Further, in the case of relatively fine seeds, the apparent germination rate per particle can be increased by filling a large number of seeds in the particles of this preferable size.

The coated seeds of the present invention are preferably applied to a newly formed ground surface by civil engineering work such as road slopes, lake / river slopes, land reclamation sites and the like. It is desired to sow on such a ground even at an inappropriate time for sowing, and it has been difficult for conventional seeds to sow at such an inappropriate time for sowing. By using the coated seed of the present invention, it is possible to sow immediately after the completion of the foundation work or at the time of partial completion before the completion of the work. As a result, it is possible to sow without being affected by the difference between when seeding is desired such as at the end of construction and when seeding is appropriate due to the nature of the seeds. To be done.

Further, the coated seed of the present invention is not limited to being used for the greening of the ground formed by the above-mentioned civil engineering work, but is also preferably used when it is widely sown on the existing ground. For example, for the purpose of beautifying the environment,
Recently, wild flowers and flowering trees called wildflowers, which have a wild-flowering atmosphere, have been planted on a large scale around roads and banks. The coated seed of the present invention is suitable as a seed for such large-scale planting.

Further, by incorporating a germination accelerator in the coating, it is possible to improve the germination rate of the seeds of woody plants, which is usually said to be 60% or less, and in that case, the amount of expensive seeds used is minimized. It is possible to sow as much as necessary and the economic effect can be enhanced. Furthermore, since the ground newly formed by civil engineering work is not always fertile soil, fertilizer can be mixed into the covering to promote growth after germination.

[0023]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, "part" which shows the quantity in the following represents a weight part. The amount (ppm) of the growth regulator refers to the amount with respect to the whole coating material.

Example 1 A coating mixture consisting of a mixture having the composition shown in the column of Example 1 of Table 1 was prepared. Orchardgrass seeds and the above mixture were kneaded by adding an appropriate amount of water, and extruded into a udon-like shape by an extruder and cut into pellets. This pellet was formed into a spherical shape by a granulator, and the spherical body was dried at 40 ° C. by a dryer. Spherical body has a diameter of 3-5 mm
It contained 3 to 4 seeds.

When the coated seeds were sown in the middle of November on a slope sprayed with a curing material (a mixture of peat and bark), the resin collapsed and germinated after 4 months. The uncoated seeds used for comparison germinated after 10 days, and stopped growing thereafter due to the low temperature and died. The germination rate was 70%, which was good.

Example 2 A coating mixture having the composition shown in the column of Example 2 of Table 1 was prepared. Millet seeds and the above mixture were mixed with an appropriate amount of water, and the seeds were coated with a powder component using a plate type granulator and granulated. The particle size of the granules is 3 to 5 mm, and one seed is contained therein. The granular material was dried at 40 ° C. in a dryer.

When the coated seeds were sown in late October on a slope sprayed with a curing material (a mixture of peat and bark), the resin collapsed and germinated after 5 months. The uncovered seeds used for comparison germinated after 20 days and stopped growing thereafter due to the low temperature after November and died. The germination rate was 70%, which was good.

Example 3 A coating mixture having the composition shown in the column of Example 3 in Table 2 was prepared. The seeds of murine peach and the above mixture were mixed with an appropriate amount of water, and the seeds were coated with a powder component using a plate type granulator and granulated. The particle size of the granules is 8 to 12 mm, and one seed is contained therein. The granular material was dried at 40 ° C. in a dryer.

When the coated seeds were sown on the slopes sprayed with a curing material (a mixture of peat and bark) in late September, the resin collapsed and germinated after 6 months. The uncovered seeds used for comparison germinated after 30 days, and their growth stopped and died due to the low temperature after November. The germination rate is 8
It was as good as 0%.

Example 4 A coating mixture having the composition shown in the column of Example 4 of Table 2 was prepared. "Green Map II" is the product name of the slow-release fertilizer manufactured by Japan Joint Fertilizer Co., Ltd. The seeds of yamahagi and the above mixture were mixed with an appropriate amount of water, and the seeds were coated with the powder component using a plate type granulator and granulated. The particle size of the granules is 5 to 10 mm, and one seed is contained therein. The granular material was dried at 40 ° C. in a dryer.

When the coated seeds were sown in September on a slope sprayed with a curing material (a mixture of peat and bark),
The resin collapsed and germinated after 6 months. The uncovered seeds used for comparison germinated after 20 days and stopped growing thereafter due to the low temperature after November and died. Also, germination rate is 75%
And was good.

Example 5 A coating mixture comprising a mixture having the composition shown in the column of Example 5 in Table 2 was prepared. A columnar pellet was formed from one Yashabushi seed and the above mixture using a tableting machine. Pellets are 5 mm in diameter and 5 mm in height
And contains one seed.

When the coated seeds were sown on the slopes sprayed with a curing material (a mixture of peat and bark) in late October, the resin collapsed and germinated after 5 months. The uncovered seeds used for comparison germinated after 20 days and stopped growing thereafter due to the low temperature after November and died. The germination rate was 70%, which was good.

[0034]

[Table 1]

[0035]

[Table 2]

[0036]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The coated seed of the present invention does not germinate 3 to 6 months after sowing even if germination conditions such as temperature are appropriate.
Germination is possible only when the biodegradable resin deteriorates and collapses. Therefore, even if the seeding is performed at a time when the seeding is not appropriate, the germination is suppressed for a certain period even if the germination conditions such as the temperature are satisfied. Therefore, in particular, when sowing on a newly formed ground surface (for example, a slope) due to civil engineering work, sowing can be performed even when it is not suitable for sowing.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A coated plant seed, which is coated with a coating agent containing a biodegradable resin that degrades and disintegrates by microorganisms in the soil, and is adapted to germinate after a certain period of time has elapsed after sowing. 2. The seed of claim 1, wherein the coating material comprises a biodegradable resin and an inorganic filler. 3. The seed of claim 1 or 2, wherein the coating further comprises a growth regulator. 4. The coating composition of claim 1, further comprising fertilizer.
Two or three seeds.