JPH0811056B2 - Oxygen absorber - Google Patents

Oxygen absorber

Info

Publication number
JPH0811056B2
JPH0811056B2 JP62030680A JP3068087A JPH0811056B2 JP H0811056 B2 JPH0811056 B2 JP H0811056B2 JP 62030680 A JP62030680 A JP 62030680A JP 3068087 A JP3068087 A JP 3068087A JP H0811056 B2 JPH0811056 B2 JP H0811056B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
oxygen
compound
unsaturated fatty
transition metal
oxygen absorbent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP62030680A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS63198962A (en
Inventor
義彰 井上
俊夫 小松
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc filed Critical Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc
Priority to JP62030680A priority Critical patent/JPH0811056B2/en
Priority to DE3804488A priority patent/DE3804488A1/en
Priority to US07/155,283 priority patent/US4908151A/en
Publication of JPS63198962A publication Critical patent/JPS63198962A/en
Publication of JPH0811056B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0811056B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は酸素吸収剤に関し、さらに詳しくは乾燥食品
に適用できる酸素吸収剤に関する。
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an oxygen absorbent, and more particularly to an oxygen absorbent applicable to dry foods.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

食品の保存技術として酸素吸収剤を用いるものがあ
り、これはガスバリヤー性包装材料に食品と酸素吸収剤
を充填した通気性包装体とを同封させ密封系内を実質的
に無酸素状態とすることにより食品の酸化および細菌の
黴の生育増殖等を抑えるものであり、広範な食品の保存
に用いられている。
There is one that uses an oxygen absorbent as a food storage technology, which encloses a gas barrier packaging material with a food and an air permeable packaging body filled with the oxygen absorbent to make the sealed system substantially oxygen-free. As a result, it suppresses the oxidation of food and the growth and proliferation of mold of bacteria, and is used for the preservation of a wide variety of foods.

この酸素吸収剤として使用される物質は、これまでに
も数多く提案されており、例えば、亜硫酸塩、亜硫酸水
素塩、第一鉄塩、亜二チオン酸塩、ヒドロキノン、カテ
コール、レゾルシン、ピロガロール、没食子酸、ロンガ
リット、アスコルビン酸および/またはその塩、イソア
スコルビン酸および/またはその塩、ソルボース、グル
コース、リグニン、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン、ブチ
ルヒドロキシアニソールあるいは金属粉等を主成分とし
て含有するものが知られている。
Many substances used as the oxygen absorbent have been proposed so far, for example, sulfites, bisulfites, ferrous salts, dithionites, hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, pyrogallol, and gallic Known are those containing acid, Rongalit, ascorbic acid and / or a salt thereof, isoascorbic acid and / or a salt thereof, sorbose, glucose, lignin, dibutylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole or metal powder as a main component. .

しかしながら、上記の従来の酸素吸収剤は水分が存在
しないと酸素吸収反応が進行しないという共通の問題点
があった。すなわち、従来の酸素吸収剤は、水または水
を保持させた物質、例えば、結晶水をもった化合物を混
合するか、あるいは保存しようとする食品等から蒸散し
てくる水分を利用することによってはじめて酸素吸収反
応を進行させることができるものであった。
However, the above-mentioned conventional oxygen absorbent has a common problem that the oxygen absorption reaction does not proceed unless water is present. That is, the conventional oxygen absorber is not mixed with water or a substance that retains water, for example, a compound having water of crystallization, or by utilizing water evaporated from a food or the like to be stored. The oxygen absorption reaction was able to proceed.

従って、水分の移行を極端に嫌う乾燥食品等に対して
は前記の酸素吸収剤を適用して保存する場合には、水分
の移行による品質の低下が認められたり、また当初一度
は酸素吸収剤が酸素を吸収しても、その後は水分の移行
により酸素吸収剤中の水分が失われるとともに酸素吸収
能力も失われるので、包装に用いたフィルムを通して僅
かずつ侵入してくる酸素により徐々に品質の劣化が認め
られることもあった。
Therefore, when applying and storing the above oxygen absorbent to dry foods that are extremely reluctant to transfer water, quality deterioration due to transfer of water may be observed, or the oxygen absorbent may initially be removed once. Even if oxygen absorbs oxygen, the water in the oxygen absorbent will be lost and the oxygen absorbing capacity will be lost due to the migration of water. Degradation was sometimes observed.

こうした従来の酸素吸収剤にみられる上記欠点の改良
の試みとして特開昭56-155641号公報には不飽和脂肪酸
または不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂を多孔質の担体に担持さ
せた酸素吸収剤が提案されているが、この場合は酸素吸
収速度が遅いという問題点を有していた。
As an attempt to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional oxygen absorbent, JP-A-56-155641 proposes an oxygen absorbent in which an unsaturated fatty acid or a fat or oil containing an unsaturated fatty acid is supported on a porous carrier. However, in this case, there is a problem that the oxygen absorption rate is slow.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problems to be solved by the invention]

本発明の目的とするところは、上記した問題点を解消
し、取り扱いが容易で酸素吸収速度が大きく、水分の補
給が不要で乾燥食品にも適用できる酸素吸収剤を提供す
るにある。
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, to provide an oxygen absorbent which is easy to handle, has a high oxygen absorption rate, does not require water replenishment, and can be applied to dry foods.

〔問題を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problems]

本発明者らは不飽和脂肪酸または不飽和脂肪酸を含む
油脂からなる酸素吸収剤において取り扱いが容易で酸素
吸収速度を大きくすべく鋭意検討した結果本発明に至っ
た。
The present inventors arrived at the present invention as a result of diligent studies in order to easily handle an oxygen absorbent comprising an unsaturated fatty acid or an oil or fat containing an unsaturated fatty acid and to increase the oxygen absorption rate.

すなわち、本発明は、(A)不飽和脂肪酸および/ま
たは不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂、(B)遷移金属および/
または遷移金属化合物および(C)アルカリ土類金属ま
たはアルカリ金属の酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩および重
炭酸塩よりなる群の中から選ばれた塩基性物質からなる
酸素吸収剤を提供するものである。
That is, the present invention provides (A) an unsaturated fatty acid and / or an oil / fat containing an unsaturated fatty acid, (B) a transition metal and / or
Or an oxygen absorber comprising a transition metal compound and a basic substance selected from the group consisting of (C) oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates of alkaline earth metals or alkali metals Is.

本発明において(A)成分は不飽和脂肪酸および/ま
たは不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂からなるものであり、系内
の酸素と反応する主剤である。
In the present invention, the component (A) is composed of unsaturated fatty acids and / or fats and oils containing unsaturated fatty acids, and is the main agent that reacts with oxygen in the system.

本発明に用いられる不飽和脂肪酸は炭素数10以上のも
のが好ましく、例えばトウハク酸、リンデン酸、ツズ
酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、アラキドン
酸、パリナリン酸、ダイマー酸、リチノレイン酸または
リシノール酸等の不飽和脂肪酸が挙げられる。これらの
中でオレイン酸、リノール酸またはリノレン酸が特に好
ましい。これらの不飽和脂肪酸は二種以上の混合物とし
て用いてもよい。
The unsaturated fatty acid used in the present invention preferably has 10 or more carbon atoms, for example, succinic acid, lindenic acid, tunic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, parinaric acid, dimer acid, ritinoleic acid or Unsaturated fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid are mentioned. Of these, oleic acid, linoleic acid or linolenic acid is particularly preferred. These unsaturated fatty acids may be used as a mixture of two or more.

本発明に用いられる不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂としては
不飽和脂肪酸のトリグリセライドを多く含有する動物油
または植物油が挙げられ、例えばアマニ油、大豆油、桐
油、糠油、胡麻油、トール油、綿実油、菜種油等で例示
される植物油が好ましく用いられる。これらの不飽和脂
肪酸を含む油脂は二種以上混合して用いてもよい。
Examples of fats and oils containing unsaturated fatty acids used in the present invention include animal oils or vegetable oils containing a large amount of triglyceride of unsaturated fatty acids. The exemplified vegetable oils are preferably used. You may use the fats and oils containing these unsaturated fatty acids in mixture of 2 or more types.

本発明において(B)成分は遷移金属および/または
遷移金属化合物からなるものであり、上記主剤の酸化を
促進する作用を有するものである。(以下、本明細書に
おいて(B)成分を触媒ということがある。) 本発明で用いられる遷移金属としては主剤の酸化を促
進する作用の大きさの点でV、Cr、Mn、Co、Fe、Ni、Cu
およびZnからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の遷移
金属が好ましい。これらの中で安全衛生性の見地からFe
が特に好ましい。
In the present invention, the component (B) is composed of a transition metal and / or a transition metal compound, and has a function of promoting the oxidation of the main agent. (Hereinafter, the component (B) may be referred to as a catalyst in the present specification.) The transition metal used in the present invention is V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe in terms of the size of the action of promoting the oxidation of the main agent. , Ni, Cu
And at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of Zn. Among these, from the viewpoint of safety and health, Fe
Is particularly preferable.

本発明で用いられる遷移金属化合物としては例えば遷
移金属の炭酸塩、酸化物、水酸化物、ハロゲン化物また
は有機酸塩等が挙げられ、特に有機酸塩が好ましい。ま
た、主剤の酸化を促進する作用の大きさの点でV化合
物、Cr化合物、Mn化合物、Co化合物、Fe化合物、Ni化合
物、Cu化合物およびZn化合物からなる群から選ばれる少
なくとも一種の遷移金属化合物が好ましい。これらの中
で安全衛生性の見地からFe化合物が特に好ましい。
Examples of the transition metal compound used in the present invention include transition metal carbonates, oxides, hydroxides, halides and organic acid salts, with organic acid salts being particularly preferred. In addition, at least one transition metal compound selected from the group consisting of V compounds, Cr compounds, Mn compounds, Co compounds, Fe compounds, Ni compounds, Cu compounds and Zn compounds in terms of the magnitude of the action of promoting the oxidation of the main agent. Is preferred. Among these, Fe compounds are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of safety and hygiene.

本発明において(B)成分の塩基性物質としては、ア
ルカリ土類金属またはアルカリ金属の酸化物、水酸化
物、炭酸塩または重炭酸塩が選ばれる。これらの中でア
ルカリ土類金属からなる塩基性物質が好ましく、酸化カ
ルシウム、水酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウムまたは有
機酸のカルシウム塩が特に好ましい。
In the present invention, the basic substance as the component (B) is selected from oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates of alkaline earth metals or alkali metals. Among these, a basic substance composed of an alkaline earth metal is preferable, and calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate or a calcium salt of an organic acid is particularly preferable.

なお、これらの塩基性物質が重炭酸塩または炭酸塩で
ある場合は酸素吸収とともに二酸化炭素発生がみられ酸
素吸収による密封系内の容積の減少または減圧を防止す
ることができる。さらに、塩基性物質が例えば酸化カル
シウムのごとき水分吸収性を有するものである場合は酸
素吸収剤は酸素吸収と同時に乾燥機能も付与することが
できる。
When these basic substances are bicarbonates or carbonates, carbon dioxide is generated together with oxygen absorption, and it is possible to prevent the volume decrease or pressure reduction in the sealed system due to oxygen absorption. Further, when the basic substance has a water absorbing property such as calcium oxide, the oxygen absorbent can impart a drying function at the same time as absorbing oxygen.

本発明における酸素吸収剤中の各成分の配合割合は、
不飽和脂肪酸または不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂100重量部
に対して、触媒が0.01重量部以上、塩基性物質が0.1重
量部以上、好ましくは触媒が0.05重量部以上、塩基性物
質が1重量部以上あれば不飽和脂肪酸または不飽和脂肪
酸を含む油脂が固体となり、それを粉砕することにより
顆粒状または粉末状とすることができ、酸素吸収剤を包
材に充填し酸素吸収剤包装体とする際の作業性を向上す
ることができる。
The mixing ratio of each component in the oxygen absorbent in the present invention is
With respect to 100 parts by weight of unsaturated fatty acids or fats and oils containing unsaturated fatty acids, 0.01 parts by weight or more of the catalyst, 0.1 parts by weight or more of the basic substance, preferably 0.05 parts by weight or more of the catalyst, and 1 part by weight or more of the basic substance. If so, unsaturated fatty acids or fats and oils containing unsaturated fatty acids become solid, which can be pulverized into granules or powder, and when the oxygen absorbent is filled into the packaging material to form an oxygen absorbent package. The workability of can be improved.

本発明の酸素吸収剤は従来から知られている酸素吸収
剤と同一包装袋内に入れて使用することも可能であり、
乾燥食品等においては、当初の包装袋内の酸素をたとえ
ば鉄粉を主剤とした酸素吸収剤を用いて取り除き、その
後包装フィルムを通して侵入してくる酸素を本発明によ
る酸素吸収剤を用いて取り除くといったことも可能であ
る。
The oxygen absorbent of the present invention can also be used by putting it in the same packaging bag as a conventionally known oxygen absorbent,
In dry foods, etc., the oxygen in the original packaging bag is removed by using, for example, an oxygen absorbent whose main component is iron powder, and then the oxygen that enters through the packaging film is removed by using the oxygen absorbent according to the present invention. It is also possible.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

実施例1〜8 各種の不飽和脂肪酸または不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂に
触媒を添加して、均一に混合した後、塩基性物質を加
え、さらに均一混合した。各成分の配合量は第1表に示
すとおりとした。得られた混合物を25℃で10分間放置す
ると固体となったので乳鉢で粉砕した。こうして得られ
た顆粒状酸素吸収剤組成物を紙/開孔ポリエチレンフィ
ルムからなる5×7.5cmの複合包材の小袋に充填し、小
袋の周縁部をヒートシールし、酸素吸収剤包装体とし
た。(以下、酸素吸収剤包装体1〜8という) 上記の酸素吸収剤包装体1〜8を各々空気250mlとと
もにKON(ポリ塩化ビニリデンコート延伸ナイロン)/PE
(ポリエチレン)袋に密封し25℃で保存し、袋内酸素濃
度の経時変化(酸素吸収速度)を測定した。結果を第1
表に示す。
Examples 1 to 8 A catalyst was added to various unsaturated fatty acids or fats and oils containing unsaturated fatty acids and mixed uniformly, and then a basic substance was added and further uniformly mixed. The blending amount of each component was as shown in Table 1. The obtained mixture became solid when left at 25 ° C. for 10 minutes, and was ground in a mortar. The granular oxygen absorbent composition thus obtained was filled in a small bag of a composite packaging material of paper / open polyethylene film of 5 × 7.5 cm, and the peripheral portion of the small bag was heat-sealed to obtain an oxygen absorbent package. . (Hereinafter, referred to as oxygen absorbent packages 1 to 8) Each of the above oxygen absorbent packages 1 to 8 together with 250 ml of air is KON (polyvinylidene chloride coated stretched nylon) / PE
The bag was sealed in a (polyethylene) bag and stored at 25 ° C., and the change in oxygen concentration in the bag over time (oxygen absorption rate) was measured. First result
Shown in the table.

比較例1 リノール酸30重量部に、触媒としてFeSO45重量部を
添加し、粒状活性炭100重量部に担持させた酸素吸収剤
を調製した。この酸素吸収剤4.5g(リノール酸1g含有)
を用いて実施例1と同様の方法で酸素吸収剤包装体を作
成し、酸素吸収速度を測定した。結果を第1表に実施例
1と併せて示す。
Comparative Example 1 5 parts by weight of FeSO 4 as a catalyst was added to 30 parts by weight of linoleic acid to prepare an oxygen absorbent supported on 100 parts by weight of granular activated carbon. 4.5g of this oxygen absorbent (containing 1g of linoleic acid)
Was used to prepare an oxygen absorbent package in the same manner as in Example 1, and the oxygen absorption rate was measured. The results are shown in Table 1 together with Example 1.

実施例9〜16 実施例1〜8で得られた各酸素吸収剤包装体1〜8を
それぞれシリカゲル100gとともに8cm×25cmのKON/PEフ
ィルム袋(酸素透過度50ml/atm m2 day)に空気250mlと
ともに密封し、25℃で保存し、袋内の酸素濃度の経時変
化を測定した。結果をそれぞれ実施例9〜16として第2
表に示す。
Examples 9 to 16 Each of the oxygen absorbent packages 1 to 8 obtained in Examples 1 to 8 was placed in a KON / PE film bag (oxygen permeability 50 ml / atm m 2 day) of 8 cm × 25 cm together with 100 g of silica gel. It was sealed together with 250 ml and stored at 25 ° C, and the time-dependent change in oxygen concentration in the bag was measured. The results are secondarily shown as Examples 9 to 16 respectively.
Shown in the table.

比較例2 実施例9において実施例1で得られた酸素吸収剤包装
体1を用いる代わりに比較例1で得られた酸素吸収剤包
装体を用いて実施例9と同様の試験を実施した。その結
果を比較例2として第2表に実施例9〜16と併せて示
す。
Comparative Example 2 Instead of using the oxygen absorbent package 1 obtained in Example 1 in Example 9, the oxygen absorbent package obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used to perform the same test as in Example 9. The results are shown as Comparative Example 2 in Table 2 together with Examples 9 to 16.

〔発明の効果〕 本発明の酸素吸収剤は不飽和脂肪酸および/または不
飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂に触媒(遷移金属および/または
遷移金属化合物)を添加し、塩基性物質を加えることに
より不飽和脂肪酸および不飽和脂肪酸を含む油脂が固体
となり、この固体を粉砕して酸素吸収剤包装体の小袋に
作業性よく充填できる顆粒状または粉末状となり、従来
の油脂を含む酸素吸収剤よりも大幅な酸素吸収速度の増
加をもたらすことができ、乾燥食品に好適に用いること
ができる。また、塩基性物質を選択することにより、酸
素吸収機能以外に乾燥機能及び炭酸ガス発生機能も付与
することができる。勿論、本発明の酸素吸収剤は酸素吸
収反応に水分の存在を必要とせず、乾燥状態のものの保
存に広く用いることができるものである。
[Effects of the Invention] The oxygen absorbent of the present invention is obtained by adding a catalyst (transition metal and / or transition metal compound) to an unsaturated fatty acid and / or an oil / fat containing an unsaturated fatty acid and adding a basic substance to the unsaturated fatty acid. And fats and oils containing unsaturated fatty acids become solids, and this solid is crushed into granules or powders that can be packed into small sachets of oxygen absorber packaging with good workability. It can bring about an increase in absorption rate and can be suitably used for dry foods. Further, by selecting a basic substance, it is possible to impart a drying function and a carbon dioxide gas generating function in addition to the oxygen absorbing function. Of course, the oxygen absorbent of the present invention does not require the presence of water for the oxygen absorption reaction, and can be widely used for storage in a dry state.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】(A)不飽和脂肪酸および/または不飽和
脂肪酸を含む油脂 (B)遷移金属および/または遷移金属化合物 (C)アルカリ土類金属またはアルカリ金属の酸化物、
水酸化物、炭酸塩および重炭酸塩よりなる群の中から選
ばれた塩基性物質 からなる酸素吸収剤。
1. (A) Unsaturated fatty acid and / or fat and oil containing unsaturated fatty acid (B) Transition metal and / or transition metal compound (C) Alkaline earth metal or alkali metal oxide,
An oxygen absorber composed of a basic substance selected from the group consisting of hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates.
【請求項2】(B)遷移金属および/または遷移金属化
合物がV、Cr、Mn、Co、Fe、Ni、CuおよびZnからなる群
から選ばれる少なくとも一種の遷移金属、および/また
は、V化合物、Cr化合物、Mn化合物、Co化合物、Fe化合
物、Ni化合物、Cu化合物およびZn化合物からなる群から
選ばれる少なくとも一種の遷移金属化合物である特許請
求の範囲第1項記載の酸素吸収剤。
2. A transition metal and / or a transition metal compound (B) is at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn, and / or a V compound. The oxygen absorbent according to claim 1, which is at least one transition metal compound selected from the group consisting of a Cr compound, a Mn compound, a Co compound, a Fe compound, a Ni compound, a Cu compound and a Zn compound.
JP62030680A 1987-02-14 1987-02-14 Oxygen absorber Expired - Fee Related JPH0811056B2 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62030680A JPH0811056B2 (en) 1987-02-14 1987-02-14 Oxygen absorber
DE3804488A DE3804488A1 (en) 1987-02-14 1988-02-12 OXYGEN ABSORPTION AGENT
US07/155,283 US4908151A (en) 1987-02-14 1988-02-12 Oxygen absorbent

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62030680A JPH0811056B2 (en) 1987-02-14 1987-02-14 Oxygen absorber

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63198962A JPS63198962A (en) 1988-08-17
JPH0811056B2 true JPH0811056B2 (en) 1996-02-07

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP62030680A Expired - Fee Related JPH0811056B2 (en) 1987-02-14 1987-02-14 Oxygen absorber

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0811056B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MY106642A (en) * 1989-10-23 1995-07-31 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inhibitor parcel and method for preserving electronic devices or electronic parts.
CA2040993C (en) * 1990-04-25 2001-08-07 Yoshiaki Inoue Oxygen absorbent composition and method of preserving article with same
CA2103821C (en) * 1991-12-16 1998-06-23 Ichiro Ishijima Antimicrobial agent and method for sustaining freshness of food
TW268913B (en) * 1993-08-30 1996-01-21 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co
JP2002035579A (en) * 2000-07-24 2002-02-05 Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc Oxygen scavenger composition for absorbing steam
IN2014DN10198A (en) * 2012-05-11 2015-08-07 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5661982A (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-05-27 Toagosei Chem Ind Co Ltd Freshness keeping agent
JPS56106580A (en) * 1980-01-29 1981-08-24 Toagosei Chem Ind Co Ltd Freshness retaining agent
JPS56155641A (en) * 1980-05-06 1981-12-01 Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc Oxygen absorbent

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63198962A (en) 1988-08-17

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