JPH08105284A - Shaft excavating construction method and excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To enable the easy and rapid excavation of a relatively narrow and shallow shaft such as a shaft excavated at the time of constructing a domestic sewage pit, for instance. CONSTITUTION: A cylindrical excavating pipe 1 is erectly driven into the earth until only the upper end part of the excavating pipe 1 is protruded on the ground, and a cover plate 7 is fitted into the upper end part, protruding on the ground, of the excavating pipe 1 in such a state as to hold airtightness to the inner peripheral surface of the excavating pipe 1. Lifting force is then imparted to the cover plate 7 so as to pull out the excavating pipe 1 with earth held inside.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is most applicable to the excavation of a relatively small vertical shaft such as a vertical shaft for burying domestic wastewater sewage mast or a vertical shaft for burying the base of a utility pole. The present invention relates to a method for excavating a vertical shaft and an excavator used for the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the excavation diameter is 200 mm to 800 m.
When excavating a relatively small vertical shaft having a depth of about 1 m to 5 m in m, it is common to excavate by a person or by a heavy machine such as a backhoe or an auger.

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Since human digging is unavoidable in places where heavy equipment is difficult to enter or heavy equipment cannot be installed, when excavating, a person enters a hole to perform excavation work. The same is true when excavating with a backhoe, but even a small vertical shaft can be excavated larger than the required diameter hole. Further, according to the auger, excavation can be performed with the diameter width of the spiral, but it takes a lot of time to remove the soil.

In view of the above problems, the present invention has devised a solution that enables a vertical shaft having a required size to be reliably excavated, and that the excavated soil is easily treated. .

[0005]

According to a first solution construction method (claim 1) of the present invention, a cylindrical excavation pipe is driven into the soil, and the inside of the excavation pipe is sealed with a cover plate to keep airtight. After that, a lifting force is applied to the cover plate, and the cover plate is pulled out together with the excavated pipe and the soil cut therein.

The excavator used in the first solution method (Claim 2) is such that a seal provided with a cover plate on the outer peripheral surface of the excavating pipe forming a tubular body is in pressure contact with the inner peripheral surface of the excavating pipe. It is characterized in that it is removably fitted and has a cutting blade at the periphery of one end of the excavation pipe.

In the second solution method (claim 3), a tubular excavation pipe is fitted in a sheath pipe, the excavation pipe is driven into the soil together with the sheath pipe, and then the excavation pipe is closed by a cover plate, It is characterized in that a lifting force is applied to the cover plate and the excavation pipe is pulled out from the soil while holding the soil therein.

The excavator used for the second solution method (claim 4) has a ridge on one inner edge of a sheath pipe whose upper and lower sides are open, and a cutting blade is formed on the tip of the ridge. A tubular excavating pipe is fitted in the sheath pipe in a state of being supported on a ridge so that the excavating pipe is covered with a cover plate, and a seal provided on an outer peripheral surface of the cover plate is a excavating pipe. It is characterized in that it is fitted in such a manner that it can be inserted and removed while being pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the.

A third solution method (claim 5) is a drill pipe having a head at the upper end of a tubular body and having a through hole in the head. After the drill pipe is driven into the soil, the head It is characterized in that the through hole is closed and the excavation pipe is pulled up, so that the soil can be pulled out from the soil while holding the soil inside.

The fourth solution method (claim 6) is the third method.
In the solution method, when the excavated pipe driven into the soil is pulled out, the air in the excavated pipe is sucked from the through hole of the head.

The excavator used in the third and fourth solution construction methods (claim 7) comprises a cylindrical excavation pipe whose upper end opening is sealed by a head, and the head is tapered toward the inside of the excavation pipe. It is characterized in that a tapered projection is provided, the head has a through hole that communicates with the inside of the excavation pipe, and a cutting blade is formed at the opening edge of the excavation pipe.

A fifth solution method (claim 8) uses a head having a through hole in the excavation pipe, and the excavation pipe is fitted into the sheath pipe and the excavation pipe is driven into the soil together with the sheath pipe. After that, after closing the through hole of the head, the excavation pipe alone is pulled out from the soil with the soil retained therein, and the sheath pipe is left as a retaining pipe in the excavated vertical shaft.

A sixth solution construction method (claim 9) is characterized in that, in the fifth solution construction method, when the excavation pipe driven into the soil is pulled out, the air in the excavation pipe is sucked from the through hole of the head. To do.

The excavator used in the fifth and sixth construction methods (claim 10) has a ridge on one inner edge of a sheath pipe whose upper and lower sides are open, and a cutting blade is formed at the tip of the ridge. Inside this sheath pipe, a tubular drill pipe whose upper end is sealed by a head is removably fitted in a state where it is received by a ridge, and the head is tapered so that it gradually becomes thinner toward the inside of the drill pipe. Is provided, and the head is provided with a through hole that communicates with the inside of the excavation pipe.

[0015]

According to the first construction method, the cover plate is fitted to the portion of the driven excavation pipe projecting from the ground so as to almost contact the ground surface in the excavation pipe, and then the lifting force is applied to the cover plate. By giving it, only the cover plate rises at the beginning, but the volume between the cover plate and the ground surface expands, the air between them becomes lean, and it falls below the atmospheric pressure of the outside air and becomes almost a vacuum state. An even distribution of lifting force is applied to the entire surface of the ground, and the excavation pipe and the soil cut into it can be lifted together.

The second method is mainly applied to soft ground where the ground is not self-sustaining. When the drill pipe and the sheath pipe are combined and driven in, and the drill pipe is pulled out in the same manner as the first method. , The sheath pipe remains in the vertical shaft as a retaining pipe to protect the vertical shaft.

According to the third construction method, after the excavation pipe is driven in, the through hole provided in the head of the excavation pipe is closed with a plug or the like, and a lifting force is applied to the excavation pipe, whereby the head is produced in the same manner as in the above-mentioned construction method. The space between the ground surface and the ground surface becomes almost vacuum, and the soil cut into the excavation pipe can be lifted while holding it.

According to the fourth method, the air in the excavation pipe is discharged through the through hole by a vacuum pump without blocking the above-mentioned through hole, and then the excavation pipe is lifted to more reliably cut it. Can hold soil and lift it.

The fifth and sixth construction methods are mainly applied to the soft ground where the ground is not self-sustaining as in the second construction.
After giving a striking force to the sheath tube containing the excavation pipe and driving it,
The hole is closed or the air is forcibly drawn out to lift the excavation pipe, and the excavation pipe is extracted while retaining the soil in the excavation pipe. A vertical shaft can be constructed.

[0020]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 3, the excavation pipe 1 made of a tubular body having a flange 2 at the upper edge is erected on the ground surface, the driving machine 3 is connected to the upper surface thereof, and the driving machine 3 is driven to drive the excavation pipe. Drive 1 into the soil. The drilling pipe 1 is driven to a predetermined depth. At this time, the drilling pipe 1 having a required length is selected and driven so that the upper end portion of the drilling pipe 1 projects from the ground surface 4 cut in the drilling pipe 1. Further, a sharp cutting edge 5 is formed around the lower end opening of the excavation pipe 1. After driving to a predetermined depth in this way, the driving tool 3 is removed, the cover plate 7 having the hacker 6 attached is fitted into the excavation pipe 1 from the upper opening of the excavation pipe 1, and the cover plate 7 is cut into the excavation pipe 1. It is installed so as to come into contact with the ground surface 4 that is covered. The cover plate 7 has an O-ring seal member 8 on the outer peripheral surface, and the cover plate 7 can be fitted into the inner peripheral surface of the excavation pipe 1 in a close contact state.
Like the piston of the cylinder, the excavation pipe 1 is fitted into the upper and lower chambers so as to be separated from each other in a sealed state. Further, it is preferable to attach a stopper 9 to the upper end opening of the excavation pipe 1 so that the cover plate 7 does not accidentally escape.

After the cover plate 7 is installed as described above, the wire 10 of the lifter (not shown) is connected to the hacker 6 to lift the cover plate 7. When the cover plate 7 is pulled up in this way, only the cover plate 7 initially rises slightly, and a space 11 close to a vacuum is formed between the cover plate 7 and the ground surface 4 cut.
Is generated, and when the rising is further continued, the lifting force by the vacuum is evenly applied to the entire surface of the ground surface 4, so that the rising of the cover plate 7 alone stops and the soil in the cut excavation pipe 1 is removed. The excavated pipe 1 is lifted up while being attached to the excavated pipe 1, and a vertical shaft S is generated there.

By the way, as the above-mentioned driving machine 3 and lifter, a pile driving machine, a crane or the like may be used in a place where a heavy machine enters, but in a place where a heavy machine cannot enter or cannot be installed. It is preferable to use a percussion-type propulsion device and a chain block suspended from a tower.

The above-mentioned impact type propulsion machine is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-166.
As disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 070 and used in the construction method of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
The hammer 14 for hitting the striking plate 13 is built in the casing 12, and the suspension shaft 16 advances as the piston 15 advances, and at the same time, the hammer 14 blows the air. Begins to compress the air in chamber 17,
A part of the gas flows into the space 19 between the hammer 14 and the tip of the suspension shaft 16 through the ventilation hole 18 in the suspension shaft 16, and the back pressure of the space 19 holds the hammer 14 in a stopped state. However, when the piston 15 and the suspension shaft 16 further advance, the concave groove 20 provided on the outer periphery of the suspension shaft 16 faces the communication hole 21 provided in the hammer 14, and at the same time, the air chamber 1
The compressed air of No. 7 passes through the communication hole 21 and is provided between the shoulders of the hammer 14 and the inner flange 23 of the cylinder 22 in the pressure receiving chamber 24.
Flow into the hammer, and the air pressure causes the hammer 14 to rush,
It collides with the striking board 13 and generates propulsive force. At this time, no reaction force is generated in the casing 12, and after the collision, the hammer 14 automatically retracts and fires again due to the area difference between the air chamber 17 and the pressure receiving chamber 24. The piston 14 may be driven by a hydraulic cylinder 25 provided in the casing 12, or may be driven by directly injecting compressed air into the air chamber 17.

Next, in the examples shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, in addition to the excavation pipe 1 used in the above-mentioned construction method, excavation is carried out in combination with the sheath pipe 26 surrounding the excavation pipe 1. It is made of a cylindrical body having an outer collar 27, and a convex strip 28 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the lower end portion, and a sharp cutting edge 5 is provided at the lower end of the convex strip 28. It should be noted that the cutting pipe 1 does not need a cutting blade, and is housed in the sheath pipe 26 and supported by the ridge 28.

In the case of the above-mentioned excavator, the excavation pipe 1 is fitted in the sheath pipe 26, and the driving machine 3 is attached and driven together with the sheath pipe 26. Thereafter, the cover plate 7 is fitted in the same manner as in the example of FIG. The excavation pipe 1 is lifted up by this, and the sheath pipe 26 remains as an earth retaining pipe in the shaft S thus excavated to protect the shaft S, and this sheath pipe 26 is also removed later.

Further, in the examples shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the excavating pipe 1a in which the upper opening of the tubular body with the flange 2 is sealed by the head 29 integral with the tubular body is used. It has a through hole 30 communicating with the inside of the excavation pipe 1a, and further has a head 29.
On the back surface of the above, that is, the surface facing the inside of the excavation pipe 1a, a projection portion 31 which is gradually tapered downward like a cone is integrally provided. Further, a sharp cutting edge 5 is formed around the lower end opening of the excavation pipe 1a. The projection 31 does not necessarily have to be provided, and the through hole 3 is formed in the drill pipe 1a.
The head 29 having 0 may be integrally provided.

When excavating using the above-mentioned excavation pipe 1a, the excavation pipe 1a is driven by the driving device 3 such as the above-mentioned impact type propulsion device. At this time, in the case of the excavation pipe 1a having the protrusion 31 on the head 29, the protrusion 31 is driven so as to bite into the ground surface 4 cut in the excavation pipe 1a. When driven in this way, the pressing force of the protrusion 31 causes the soil to come into pressure contact with the inner surface of the excavation pipe 1a, the frictional resistance with the excavation pipe 1a increases, and the integration of the excavation pipe 1a and the soil becomes stronger. It is a thing. Further, in the case of the excavation pipe 1a not provided with the protrusion 31, the head 29 is driven so as to come into contact with the ground surface 4. After driving as described above, the driving tool 3 is removed, the hacker 6 is attached to the head 29, and the through hole 30
When the excavation pipe 1a is lifted up after being closed by the plug 32 or the like, only the excavation pipe 1a is slightly raised, and the volume of the space 11 between the back surface of the head 29 and the ground surface 4 cut is reduced. Since the spreading pressure decreases, the state becomes close to a vacuum, and the suction force acts to lift the soil while holding the soil in the excavation pipe 1a, and the vertical shaft S is generated later.

In the above construction method, when the excavation pipe 1a is lifted, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the vacuum pump 33 sucks the air in the space 11 through the through hole 30 and holds it in a state close to a vacuum and then pulls it. If it is lifted, the excavation pipe 1a can be lifted while holding the soil at the same time as the excavation pipe 1a is lifted.

Although not shown, as another construction method, it is also possible to excavate with a combination of the sheath pipe 26 shown in FIG. 5 and the excavation pipe 1a shown in FIG. Further, when the drill pipe 1a is pulled out, a plug 32 is provided as shown in FIG.
The vacuum pump 33 is used as described above.

A plate-shaped bottom cutting blade (not shown) may be provided at the lower end of the excavation pipes 1 and 1a so as to extend in the diametrical direction. If this bottom cutting blade is provided, the soil of the drill pipes 1 and 1a and the soil below the bottom pipes are cut by rotating the drill pipes 1 and 1a after driving the drill pipes 1 and 1a. The bottom of the vertical shaft S that has been separated and excavated can be formed in a substantially horizontal shape.

[0031]

According to the method of excavating a vertical shaft according to the first aspect of the present invention, a tubular excavation pipe is driven in, a cover plate is closely fitted to the inside of the excavation pipe projecting from the ground, and the cover is covered. By giving a lifting force to the plate, the excavated pipe is extracted together with the soil cut into it, and when lifting,
Since the air pressure in the space between the cover plate and the cut ground surface decreases to a state close to vacuum, the cover plate does not come off from the drill pipe, and the entire surface of the ground surface within the drill pipe is lifted equally. It is a force that can be removed reliably without the soil collapsing during lifting. Also,
Since the excavated soil is held in the excavated pipe, it is easy to remove the soil.

According to the excavator according to the second aspect of the present invention, the excavator includes a cylindrical excavating pipe and a cover plate, has a simple structure, and is easy to handle.

According to the method for excavating a vertical shaft according to the third aspect of the present invention, the excavation pipe is put into the sheath pipe and driven in, and the excavation pipe is pulled out through the cover plate fitted therein. Since the sheath pipe remains as an earth retaining pipe in the vertical shaft, it is not necessary to protect the vertical shaft later, and the work in the vertical shaft can be safely performed immediately.

According to the excavator according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the excavator includes a cylindrical excavating pipe, a cover plate, and a sheath pipe, has a simple structure, and is easy to handle.

According to the method for excavating a vertical shaft according to claims 5 and 6 of the present invention, a drill pipe having a head and having a through hole is driven into the head, and then the through hole is closed or the inside of the drill pipe is closed. The excavation can be further facilitated because the excavation can be performed by the operation of discharging the air and lifting the excavation pipe. When the protrusion cuts into the ground surface, the soil cut into the excavation pipe comes into pressure contact with the inner peripheral surface of the excavation pipe due to the protrusion, so in addition to the holding force due to the pressure difference, the holding force of the cut soil Is further improved.

According to the excavator according to claim 7 of the present invention, the excavation pipe is provided with a head, a protrusion, and a through hole. Since the soil cut into the excavation pipe is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the excavation pipe by the protrusion, the retaining force of the soil cut is further improved in addition to the retaining force due to the pressure difference.

According to the method for excavating a vertical shaft according to claims 8 and 9 of the present invention, whether the excavation pipe having the head and the through hole is put in the sheath pipe and driven together with the sheath pipe, and thereafter the through hole is closed? , The air in the excavation pipe is discharged and the excavation pipe is pulled up, the cut soil can be held securely and the excavation pipe can be pulled out, and the sheath pipe left behind can protect the interior of the shaft. .

According to the excavator of the tenth aspect of the present invention, the excavator comprises the excavation pipe having the head, the protrusion, and the through hole and the sheath pipe, and the soil is reliably extracted to excavate the shaft. Can be protected.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state when a drill pipe is driven in a method of excavating a vertical shaft according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a pre-drawing step of the same.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state during lifting.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a driving tool used when driving an excavator.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state when a drill pipe is driven in another method of excavating a vertical shaft according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a pre-drawing step in the same manner.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state during lifting.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a state when driving an excavation pipe in another excavation method for a vertical shaft according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a pre-drawing step of the same.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a state during lifting.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a pre-lifting step in still another excavation method for a shaft according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a state during lifting.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Excavation Pipe 3 Driving Machine 4 Ground Surface 5 Cutting Blade 7 Cover Plate 8 Sealing Material 11 Space 26 Sheath Pipe 28 Convex Line 29 Head 30 Through Hole 31 Projection S Vertical Shaft

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. An excavation pipe (1) which is formed into a cylindrical body, is erected and driven into the soil, and is driven until the upper end of the excavation pipe (1) projects to the ground, and then the excavation pipe (1) is driven. The cover plate (7) is fitted into the upper end of the drill pipe (1) so as to keep the inner peripheral surface of the drill pipe (1) airtight, and a pulling force is applied to the cover plate (7) to form the drill pipe (1). The method of excavating a vertical shaft is characterized by pulling out from the soil while holding the soil inside. 2. A cover plate (7) is provided in a cylindrical excavation pipe (1), and a sealing material (8) provided on an outer peripheral surface of the cover plate (7) is an inner periphery of the excavation pipe (1). An excavator, which is fitted in a state where it is pressed against a surface so that it can be inserted and removed freely, and has a cutting blade (5) at the periphery of one end of the excavation pipe (1). 3. The excavating pipe (1) having a tubular shape is fitted into a sheath pipe (26) having upper and lower openings, and the excavating pipe (1) is covered with the sheath pipe (2).
6) Standing up together with 6) and driving into the soil, after driving until the upper end of the excavation pipe (1) projects to the ground, the cover plate (7) is placed inside the upper end of the excavation pipe (1) projecting to the ground. Is fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the excavation pipe (1) so as to keep airtightness, and a lifting force is applied to the cover plate (7) to remove the excavation pipe (1) from the soil while retaining the soil therein. Vertical shaft excavation method characterized by pulling out. 4. A sheath tube (26), which is open at the top and bottom, has a ridge (28) at the inner edge of one end, and a cutting blade (5) is formed at the tip of the ridge (28). The excavating pipe (1) having a tubular shape is fitted in the pipe (26) so as to be supported on the ridge (28), and the cover plate (7) is inserted into the excavating pipe (1). ,
An excavator characterized in that a sealing material (8) provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cover plate (7) is removably fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the excavating pipe (1) in a state of being in pressure contact therewith. 5. A head (29) having a cylindrical body with an upper end thereof
After the excavation pipe (1a) having the through hole (30) communicating with the cylindrical body in the head (29) is erected and driven into the soil, the through hole (30) of the head is closed. A method of excavating a vertical shaft, characterized in that the excavation pipe (1a) is pulled out from the soil while retaining the soil inside. 6. The through hole (3) of the head (29) when pulling out the excavation pipe (1a) driven into the soil according to claim 5.
0) A method of excavating a vertical shaft, characterized by sucking air in the excavation pipe (1a). 7. An excavating pipe (1a) having a cylindrical shape with an upper end closed by a head (29), and the head (29) has a tapered projection so as to become gradually smaller toward the inside of the excavating pipe (1a). (31) is provided, and the head has a through hole (3
0), and a cutting blade (5) is formed at the open mouth edge of the excavation pipe. 8. A through hole (3) which is formed of a tubular body having an upper end sealed by a head (29) and which communicates with the head (29) in the tubular body.
0) The excavation pipe (1a) is fitted into the sheath pipe (26) whose upper and lower ports are open, and the excavation pipe (1a) is sheath pipe (26).
After standing up together with it and driving it into the soil, the through hole (30) of the head is closed, and then the excavation shaft (11) is excavated by pulling out only the excavation pipe (1a) from the soil with the soil retained therein. A shaft excavation method, characterized in that the sheath pipe (26) is left as an earth retaining pipe. 9. When pulling out the excavated pipe (1a) driven into the soil according to claim 8, the air in the excavated pipe (1a) is sucked from the through hole (30) of the head. Excavation method. 10. A sheath tube (26), which is open at the top and bottom, has a ridge (28) at the inner edge of one end, and a cutting blade (5) is formed at the tip of the ridge. An excavation pipe (1a) made of a tubular body whose upper end is sealed by a head (29).
Is supported by a ridge (28) so that it can be inserted and removed freely, and a tapered projection (31) is provided on the head so as to become gradually smaller toward the inside of the excavation pipe, and a through hole ( 30) is provided.