JPH0799895A - Pellet for feed and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain pellets for feed excellent in crumbling resistance and floatability by pelletizing powder of a feed for breeding fish so as to minimize the loss of active ingredients like vitamins. CONSTITUTION:A raw material prepared by incorporating various active ingredients liable to be decomposed by heat such as vitamins into a feed such as fish meal and either or both of fatty acid(s) and salt(s) thereof and a small amount of water are added thereto, followed by kneading, granulation and then drying at relatively low temperatures for a short time, thus obtaining the objective pellets for feed. The drying process at low temp. for a short time may be omitted. The fatty acid(s), salt(s) thereof is a fatty acid calcium salt, stearic acid, a mixture of stearic acid with palmitic acid, or a mixture of calcium stearate with calcium palmitate. The amounts of the fatty acid(s) and/or salt(s) thereof with caking nature to be added is 3-30wt.% of the raw material; and the ratio of water, to be added is 1-5wt.%.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a feed pellet and a method for producing the same, and in particular, it can be molded without loss of active ingredients such as vitamins and nutrients which are easily decomposed by heat, and has excellent disintegration resistance and floating property. The present invention relates to excellent feed pellets for cultured fish and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when powdered fish meal or the like is used as feed for culturing fish, the feed loss becomes large and the fish intake decreases, and the lost feed causes water pollution. Or, there is a risk of causing red tides due to lack of oxygen in the sea area, and therefore, feed powder is usually pelletized and given. Recently, in order to strengthen the fish body and improve the meat quality, it has become common to add various active ingredients such as vitamins and other substances that are easily decomposed by heat and nutrients to the powder of the feed.

When pelletizing feed powder,
For granulation, it is usually necessary to add 10 to 20% by weight of water to the powder, and after granulation, from the viewpoint of preservation of feed and improvement of shape retention of pellets, a predetermined water content (4 to 6) is obtained. %) Is required to be dried. In reality, this drying step is generally performed at a high temperature in order to shorten the drying time.

[0004]

However, the active ingredients such as vitamins added to the powder of the feed are destroyed by the heat during the drying step after granulation, or the pressure and heat during molding, resulting in an ineffective condition. However, there is a problem in that very little amount of these vitamins remains in the pellets after high-temperature drying, and the desired results cannot be achieved in terms of strengthening the fish body and improving meat quality. It was

That is, as described above, in order to pelletize the feed, a large amount of water must be added to the powder for granulation. On the other hand, the pellets obtained are less likely to disintegrate in water and still be fed. In order to increase efficiency, the pellet itself is required to have excellent floating properties in water. Therefore, it will be required to dry the pellets after granulation to volatilize the water, but due to the high temperature drying, the loss efficiency of various active ingredients such as vitamins that are easily decomposed by heat will be high. Therefore, there is a problem that a satisfactory feed for aquaculture cannot be obtained.

Therefore, the present invention minimizes the ineffectiveness of active ingredients such as vitamins, and further, the disintegration resistance as pellets,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a pellet for feed of cultured fish or the like having excellent floating property and a method for producing the pellet.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention uses as a raw material a feed containing fish meal or the like as a main component, to which various active ingredients such as vitamins which are easily decomposed by heat are added. One or both of fatty acids or fatty acid salts and a small amount of water are added, and the pellets for feed are formed by kneading, granulating and drying at low temperature for a short time, and further, the drying step for a low temperature for a short time is omitted. The pellets formed by molding are also one of the ways to realize.

[0008] In addition, vitamins and other various active ingredients that are easily decomposed by heat are added to a feed containing fish meal as a main component, and one or both of a fatty acid or a fatty acid salt and a small amount of water are added,
A method for producing feed pellets, which is formed by kneading after extrusion with a pressurizing type granulator, and is further dried at a low temperature for a short time, and a production method in which the drying at a low temperature for a short time is omitted. I will provide a.

The above-mentioned fatty acid or fatty acid salt is fatty acid calcium, that is, stearic acid, a mixture of stearic acid and palmitic acid, or a mixture of calcium stearate and calcium palmitate, and the addition ratio of these fatty acids or fatty acid salts is 3 to 30. % By weight, and the addition ratio of water is 1 to 5% by weight.

[0010]

[Advantage] According to the feed pellet and the method for producing the same, since the melting point of the added fatty acid and the like is relatively low, the softening phenomenon occurs in the step of pressure molding to exert a caking effect, and the amount of water added Molding is possible even with a small amount, and since fatty acids and the like have lubricity, the power load of the pressure molding machine is reduced, and the finished pellet surface has a smooth texture. If the above fatty acid or the like is added in an amount of 30% by weight or more, the proportion of the feed material with good palatability will decrease. Conversely, if the amount of the fatty acid or the like is 3% by weight or less, the caking effect will decrease. % To 30% is suitable,
It is possible to obtain feed pellets with high yield by minimizing the ineffectiveness of active ingredients such as vitamins due to heating.

The above fatty acids and the like have water repellency, and it is difficult for water to penetrate into the pellets, so that the pellets are unlikely to collapse, and
Since the air bubbles are trapped inside the pellets, the apparent specific gravity is lightened, the floating property in water is enhanced, and the feeding property of the cultured fish is enhanced.

[0012]

EXAMPLES Specific examples of feed pellets and a method for producing the same according to the present invention will be described below. The present inventors have conducted various studies on feed pellets which are excellent in disintegration resistance and floating property, in which the loss of the active ingredient is minimized in the molding and drying step of the powder for cultured fish feed.

As a result, when granulating a feed containing fish meal or the like as a main component and adding various active ingredients such as vitamins that are easily decomposed by heat, fatty acids or fatty acid salts such as fatty acid calcium, ie stearic acid, Alternatively, a mixture of stearic acid and palmitic acid or a mixture of calcium stearate and calcium palmitate is added in an amount of 3 to 30% by weight, water is added to this in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight, and after kneading, a ring type pelleter, a disk type Minimize the loss of active ingredients by molding with an extrusion pressure type granulator such as a pelleter and then drying at low temperature for a short time or without a drying process, and satisfy the above conditions It has been found that pellets that do

According to the above-mentioned method, pellets were obtained which also satisfied the conditions to be satisfied as feed in terms of disintegration resistance in water and floating property. That is, since fatty acids and the like have a relatively low melting point, they cause a softening phenomenon in the extrusion pressure molding step and exhibit a caking property. For this reason, molding is possible even when the water content is considerably low. Further, since fatty acids and the like have lubricity, the die passage resistance of the extrusion pressure molding machine is reduced,
Moreover, it has the effect of suppressing the temperature rise of the molded product by lowering the power load, which enables the smooth operation of the extrusion press, and the finished pellet surface has a smooth texture.

When the above fatty acid or the like is added in an amount of 30% by weight or more, the moldability is improved, but the proportion of feed materials having a good taste such as fish meal is reduced, and as a result, it becomes unsuitable as a fish feed. On the other hand, when the content of fatty acids is 3% by weight or less, the caking effect is reduced, and unless the amount of water is increased, the molding cannot be performed, and the pellet strength after drying is also low, and the product quickly collapses in water. Occurs. Therefore, the proportion of the fatty acid added is set to 3% by weight to 30% by weight.

The above fatty acids and the like have great effects on the floating property in water and the disintegration resistance. That is, the fatty acid contained in the pellet has water repellency, and its property prevents water from entering the pellet. On the other hand, it is possible to prevent the bubbles in the pellet from scattering in water.

Further, since the added water is less likely to enter the pellets, the pellets are less likely to collapse, and the bubbles are trapped inside the pellets, so that the apparent specific gravity becomes lighter and the particles float in water or the sedimentation speed becomes slower. It has the effect of increasing the biting power of cultured fish.

Summarizing the effects of fatty acids, etc., 40 to 60
It softens at a low temperature of ℃ and acts as a binder. Since it has lubricity, it prevents the decomposition of vitamins and other active ingredients that are easily decomposed by heat due to the reduced resistance during pressure molding. For the above reasons, molding can be performed even if the water content is low. It does not need to be dried because it has a low water content, or it can be dried at low temperature for a short time, and can minimize the loss of active ingredients such as vitamins that are easily decomposed by heat. Water has a water repellent property, which makes it difficult for water to enter the pellets, and pellets having excellent floating properties can be produced without collapsing in water.

Various specific examples of the present invention will be described below. [Sample 1 (Example)] 750 kg of fish meal and 50 soybean oil dregs
Kg, wheat flour 50Kg, fatty acid calcium 100Kg,
After adding 50Kg of vitamin-containing substances and mixing well,
After adding 50 kg of water and kneading, pellets having a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 8 to 12 mm were prepared with a disk-type extrusion molding machine, and dried at a low temperature for 25 minutes with a band dryer using hot air at 70 ° C. As a result, dry pellets having a water content of 5.2% were obtained.

[Sample 2 (Conventional Example)] This sample 2 corresponds to a conventional example, and 850 kg of fish meal was prepared by adding no fatty acid or fatty acid salt and the same components as sample 1 (example). After adding a sufficient amount and mixing well, 150 Kg of water, which is the minimum required for granulation, was added, and the mixture was kneaded and then the above-mentioned Example-
Make pellets under the same conditions as 1 and use a band dryer for 130
It was hot-dried for 25 minutes using hot air at ℃. As a result, dry pellets having a water content of 4.8% were obtained.

Table 1 shows the results of comparing the amount of vitamins mixed (ppm) and the product yield (%) of the pellets for feed obtained by the above Sample 1 (Example) and Sample 2 (Conventional Example). .

[0022]

[Table 1]

According to Table 1, sample 1 (example) is clearly superior to sample 2 (conventional example) in all components. For example, for vitamin E, the yield of sample 1 (example) is 9
6.7%, whereas sample 2 (conventional example) has a yield of 84.5% and vitamin B has a yield of 90.2% of 8%.
7.7%, Vitamin C: 78.6%, 28.6%, Curcumin as a nutritional component: 86.1%, 68.0
% And cholic acid were 93.4% and 25.2%, respectively.

Next, physical property evaluation tests of dried pellets obtained by variously changing the compounding ratio of fish meal and fatty acids and the amount of added water were conducted in the same manner as in Sample 1 (Example). Table 2 shows the compounding ratio of the produced feed pellets and the drying conditions.

[0025]

[Table 2]

Sample 3 in Table 2 corresponds to the comparative example, and has the same compounding ratio as sample 2 (conventional example) at 70 ° C.
Samples 4 to 7 are examples of low temperature drying with hot air of
Is produced by changing the addition ratio of fatty acid calcium and water to two types of temperatures at low temperature drying, ie, 60 ° C. and 70 ° C. Samples 5, 6 and 7 are Examples of the present invention, Sample 4
Is a comparative example in which fatty acid calcium is added in an amount of more than 30% by weight. Further, in Samples 8 and 9, the addition ratio of fatty acid and water was changed, and the temperature at the time of low temperature drying was set to 60 ° C and 70 ° C.
It is an example manufactured as a kind.

The physical properties and evaluation of the feed pellets thus obtained are shown in Table 3 including the examples of Sample 1 (Example) and Sample 2 (Conventional Example).

[0028]

[Table 3]

The strength in Table 3 was measured by a crusher (unit is Kgf / cm ² ). Mold load test at 30 ° C and relative humidity of 8
It was observed under a constant temperature and humidity of 0%. In the table, ◯ means good, Δ means intermediate between ○ and ×, × means not possible, and − means not observable.

According to Table 3, the sample 3 (comparative example), that is, the pellet having the same compounding ratio as the sample 2 (conventional example) and dried at 70 ° C. at a low temperature has a large amount of water remaining. The strength is the lowest at 0.8 Kgf / cm ² , and it is impossible in terms of both collapse resistance and buoyancy, and mold results are also observed in the mold load test. However, it turned out to be impractical.

Sample 4 (comparative example) and sample 5 (example) are
This is an example in which low-temperature drying was omitted after adding fatty acid calcium to fish meal, but pellets having strengths of 2.2 Kgf / cm ² and 1.7 Kgf / cm ^{2, respectively,} which were almost satisfactory, were obtained.
However, as in sample 4 (comparative example)
When more than 400% by weight of 0% by weight was added, there was a phenomenon that the palatability for cultured fish was deteriorated and the biting of the fish was reduced.

Samples 8 and 9 are examples in which a fatty acid was added to fish meal and then dried at low temperature. It was confirmed that the fatty acid was slightly inferior to fatty acid calcium in terms of palatability and floating property. However, no significant difference between the two could be observed at low addition rates.

[0033]

As described in detail above, according to the feed pellet and the method for producing the same according to the present invention, vitamins and the like added to the feed powder by not performing the high temperature drying step after granulation. As a result, the effect of the active ingredient is minimized, and the desired results can be achieved in terms of strengthening the fish body and improving the meat quality.

In particular, since the melting point of the added fatty acid or the like is relatively low, the fatty acid or the like is softened in the step of pressure molding to facilitate the molding, and the pellets obtained by the lubricity of these fatty acids or the like are obtained. The surface has a smooth texture, and the resulting pellets have high disintegration resistance due to the water repellency of fatty acids and the like, have excellent floating properties in water, and can enhance feeding efficiency for cultured fish.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A feed containing fish meal or the like as a main component, to which various active ingredients such as vitamins that are easily decomposed by heat are added as a raw material, and one or both of a fatty acid or a fatty acid salt and a small amount of water is added to this raw material. And pellets for feed characterized by being formed by kneading, granulating and drying at low temperature for a short time. 2. A feed containing fish meal or the like as a main component, to which various active ingredients such as vitamins that are easily decomposed by heat are added as a raw material, and one or both of a fatty acid or a fatty acid salt and a small amount of water is added to this raw material. , Pellets for feed characterized by being kneaded, granulated and molded. 3. A feed containing fish meal or the like as a main component, to which vitamins and other various active ingredients that are easily decomposed by heat are added, one or both of fatty acids or fatty acid salts and a small amount of water are added, and the mixture is kneaded and then extruded. A method for producing feed pellets, which is characterized in that the feed pellets are molded by a pressure-type granulator and further dried at a low temperature for a short time. 4. A feed containing fish meal as a main component, added with vitamins and various other active ingredients that are easily decomposed by heat, one or both of fatty acids or fatty acid salts and a small amount of water, kneaded, and then extruded. A method for producing feed pellets, which comprises forming and processing with a pressure type granulator. 5. The feed pellet according to claim 3, wherein the fatty acid or fatty acid salt is fatty acid calcium, that is, stearic acid, a mixture of stearic acid and palmitic acid, or a mixture of calcium stearate and calcium palmitate. Production method. 6. The addition ratio of fatty acid or fatty acid salt is 3 to 3.
The method for producing feed pellets according to claim 3, 4 or 5, wherein the amount of water added is 0% by weight and the amount of water added is 1-5% by weight.