JPH0768984B2 - Manual transmission synchronizer - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a synchronizing device for a manual transmission, and more particularly to a synchronizing device having both forward and backward gear synchronization functions.

(Prior Art) Generally, a manual transmission is equipped with one or a plurality of synchronizers for a forward gear that synchronizes during a shift operation to a forward gear to perform a smooth shift operation. Some gears are equipped with a synchronizer for the reverse gear to prevent gear squeaking during a shift operation to the reverse gear. However,
In the former manual transmission, when a reverse gear synchronizer having the same structure as the forward gear synchronizer is newly installed, a new space for installing the synchronizer must be secured, and In order to secure such a space, it is necessary to lengthen both the input side shaft and the output side shaft, which increases the size and weight of the manual transmission.

In order to deal with such a problem, JP-A-60-129428 discloses.
A second taper cone and a synchronizer ring corresponding to the taper cone and the synchronizer ring of the same device are installed in the synchronizer for one forward stage, and the synchronizer performs not only the synchronizing action for the forward stage but also the synchronizing action for the reverse stage. An example is also given.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, even in the synchronizing device, since two taper cones are arranged in series in the axial direction, a large installation space must be secured in the axial direction, and the taper cone and the synchronizer ring can be secured. Since there are two cone clutches formed by and in the axial direction, the drag torque generated in the cone clutch also increases. Therefore,
An object of the present invention is to solve these problems and to easily achieve a double cone clutch by a simple setting, thereby enabling an increase in synchronous capacity.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention is a synchronizing device for a manual transmission, which is slidable only in the axial direction on a clutch hub mounted integrally on a rotary shaft so as to be rotatable integrally. The assembled hub sleeve and inner and outer peripheral surfaces are formed in the tapered cone portion so that it can rotate integrally with the gear that is rotatably mounted on one side of the clutch hub on the rotating shaft and can move a predetermined amount in the axial direction. The assembled middle ring is located between the gear and the clutch hub, and is arranged on the outer circumference of the middle ring between the clutch hub and the gear and is pushed in the axial direction by sliding to one side of the hub sleeve. The synchronizer ring that is moved to come into pressure contact with the outer peripheral tapered cone portion of the middle ring, and the synchronizer ring that is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the middle ring and has the outer peripheral surface formed in the tapered cone portion, by the relative movement in the axial direction of the ring. An inner ring that is pressed against the tapered cone portion of the same ring, and a second synchronizer ring that is located on the other side of the hub sleeve and is pushed axially by sliding to the other side of the hub sleeve. The synchronizer ring and the inner ring are axially connected to each other.

(Operation and Effect of the Invention) In the synchronizer having such a structure, the synchronizer ring is pushed to one side in the axial direction by sliding to one side of the hub sleeve, and is pressed against the outer peripheral tapered cone portion of the middle ring. The hub sleeve and the gear are synchronized with each other so that the hub sleeve meshes smoothly with the gear, and the gear and the rotary shaft are connected to complete the shift of one forward stage. Further, in the synchronizer, the second synchronizer ring is pushed to the other side in the axial direction by sliding to the other side of the hub sleeve, and accordingly, the inner ring connected to the same is connected to the other side. Pulled to. Therefore, the inner ring is pressed against the inner peripheral taper cone of the middle ring, whereby the rotating shaft is synchronized with the gear and with the other rotating shaft which is integral with the gear meshing with the gear. One of these rotary shafts is the input rotary shaft and the other is the output rotary shaft.Therefore, the input rotary shaft that is rotating due to inertia during the shift to the reverse gear is in the stopped state. The rotary shaft on the input side is in a slow speed or in a stopped state in synchronization with the rotary shaft on the side, and the shift to the reverse gear can be smoothly performed without causing gear noise.

As described above, the synchronizer has both the forward stage synchronizing action and the backward stage synchronizing action, but both synchronizing actions are performed using the taper cone clutch formed on only one side of the clutch hub. Due to the configuration, the axial length is shortened as compared with the synchronizer in which the tapered cone clutches are arranged in series in the axial direction on both sides of the clutch hub. Therefore, according to the synchronizer, it is not necessary to secure a large installation space in the axial direction, and both the rotary shafts on the input side and the output side are shortened, so that the transmission is prevented from increasing in size and weight. You can Further, in the synchronizer, since the taper cone clutch is only on one side of the clutch hub, the drag torque generated by this is not large, the durability is high, the heat generation is low, the fuel consumption is good, and other forward gears are not used. It does not adversely affect the shift operation. Furthermore,
In the synchronizer, the amount of axial movement of the middle ring and / or the inner ring is appropriately set so that the synchronizer ring and the inner ring are provided on the inner and outer tapered cone portions of the middle ring when shifting to the forward stage and / or the reverse stage. Can be pressed together at the same time to form a double cone clutch. As a result, it is possible to easily increase the synchronization capacity with a simple setting.

(Embodiment) The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
The figure shows a synchronizer according to an embodiment of the invention. The synchronizing device operates at the time of the fifth speed shift and the reverse shift to perform a synchronizing action, and is used in the five-speed transmission for the vertical engine shown in FIG.

The transmission is rotatably supported by an input shaft 11 in a mission case, an output shaft 12 is rotatably supported in the mission case and is coaxially and rotatably connected to the input shaft 11, and is rotatable in a mission case. The counter shaft 13 is rotatably supported and arranged in parallel with the input shaft 11 and the output shaft 12, and the output shaft 12 fixedly supported by the mission case and arranged in parallel with the counter shaft 13 is provided with an idler shaft 14. In such a transmission, the gear 12 on the output shaft 12 and the counter shaft 13
a and 13a are first gear, gears 12b and 13b are second gear, gear 12
c and 13c form a third speed gear, gears 12d and 13d form a fifth speed gear, and gear 11a on the input shaft 11 forms a fourth speed gear. Also, the gear 12 on the output shaft 12, counter shaft 13 and idler shaft 14
e, 13e and 14e form a reverse gear. The fourth speed gear 11a of the input shaft 11 is the counter shaft 1
Input shaft that always meshes with counter gear 13f
The driving force of 11 is transmitted to the counter shaft 13, and the 1st speed gear 12a and the 2nd speed gear 12b of the output shaft 12 are connected to the shaft 12 by the hub sleeve of the first synchronizer 15 to transfer the driving force of the counter shaft 13. Output shaft 12 and 3 of output shaft 12
The high speed gear 12c and the fourth speed gear 11a of the input shaft 11 are coupled to the output shaft 12 by the hub sleeve of the second synchronizer 16, and the driving force of the counter shaft 13 or the input shaft 11 is transmitted to the output shaft 12. On the other hand, the fifth speed gear 13d of the counter shaft 13 is coupled to the shaft 13 by the hub sleeve of the synchronizer 20 according to the present invention, and the driving force of the shaft 13 is output to the output shaft.
12 and the reverse gears 12e and 13e of the output shaft 12 and the counter shaft 13 are meshed with the reverse gear 14a of the idler shaft 14 so that torque can be transmitted therebetween, and the driving force of the counter shaft 13 is reversed. Is transmitted to the output shaft 12.

It should be noted that the first and second synchronizers 15 and 16 shown in FIG. 3 are well-known BorgWarner type ones and are partially omitted, and the synchronizer 20 according to the present invention is also partially omitted. Although shown, the synchronizer 20 will be described in detail below.

FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the synchronizer 20. The synchronizer 20 includes a clutch hub 21, a hub sleeve 22, a first synchronizer ring 23, a second synchronizer ring 24,
Middle ring 25, inner ring 26, shifting key 27
And a key spring 28.

The clutch hub 21 is integrally rotatably mounted on the counter shaft 13 and is located on one side of the fifth speed gear 13d.
Grooves 21a are provided at equal intervals. Each groove 21a is open to the outer periphery and penetrates in the axial direction. Hub sleeve 22
Has a well-known structure having an inner spline portion. The inner spline portion is provided with engaging recesses 22a at three positions in the circumferential direction at equal intervals, and is slidable in the axial direction on the outer spline portion of the clutch hub 21. Is installed in. 1st synchronizer ring 23
Has an outer spline portion, a taper cone portion 23a on the inner circumference, and three engaging inner recesses 23b formed on the outer circumference. The first synchronizer ring 23 is loosely fitted on an outer peripheral tapered cone portion 25a of a middle ring 25, which will be described later. The middle ring 25 includes an outer peripheral taper cone portion 25a that engages with and disengages from the taper cone portion 23a of the first synchronizer ring 23, and also has an inner peripheral taper cone portion 2a.
5b and engaging protrusions c and 25d are provided at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction at the outer end and the inner end at equal intervals. The middle ring 25 is rotatably attached to the outer periphery of an inner ring 26 described later, and each engagement protrusion 25c is provided in each engagement hole 29a of the spline piece portion 29 integrally provided on the boss portion of the fifth speed gear 13d. It has been inserted. As a result, the middle ring 25 has the fifth gear 13d.
Is integrally rotatably connected to.

The second synchronizer ring 24 includes flange portions 24b that extend in the axial direction at equal intervals at a plurality of positions in the inner circumferential side inner end of the ring portion 24a in the circumferential direction, and outer spline portions on the outer circumference of the ring portion 24a. The flange portion 24b is formed in a circular arc shape in the circumferential direction, and the second synchronizer ring 24 is rotatably assembled to the outer periphery of an inner ring 26 described later, so that the flange portion is formed.
24b is fitted in the groove portion 21a of the clutch hub 21, and can be slightly rotated relative to the clutch hub 21.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the inner ring 26 has an outer peripheral tapered cone portion 26a on one end side, and arm portions 26b on the other end side at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction at equal intervals. The arm portions 26b are slidably fitted on the boss portion 21b of each of the groove portions 2 of the clutch hub 21.
It penetrates 1a and extends to the other side of clutch hub 21. Second
The synchronizer ring 24 is rotatably assembled on each arm portion 26b of the inner ring 26 and is retained by a snap ring. Further, the green ring 25 is rotatably assembled on the outer peripheral tapered cone portion 26a of the inner ring 26. The inner ring 26 engages with the clutch hub 21 in the circumferential direction at each arm portion 26b and can rotate integrally with the clutch hub 21. Shiftig key
27 is located in each groove 21a of the clutch hub 21, is supported by a pair of key springs 28, and is engaged with the recess of the hub sleeve 22.
It is elastically engaged with 22a. In this state, one end of the shifting key 27 is engaged with the engaging recess 23 of the synchronizer ring 23.
It faces b and can rotate slightly relative to the synchronizer ring 23.

In the synchronizer 20, the clutch hub 21, the hub sleeve 22, the inner ring 26 and the shifting key 27 can rotate integrally with the counter shaft 13, and the synchronizer rings 23 and 24 are slightly opposed to the clutch hub 21. The middle ring 25, on the other hand, can rotate integrally with the fifth speed gear 13d, and the counter shaft 1 can rotate.
It is rotatable with respect to 3.

In the synchronizer 20 having such a structure, the hub sleeve 22 slides to the right in the drawing of FIG. 1 during the shift operation to the fifth speed,
Along with this, the shifting key 27 moves integrally with the hub sleeve 22 to push the first synchronizer ring 23, press the same synchronizer ring 23 against the outer peripheral tapered cone portion 25a of the middle ring 25, and push the middle ring 25. By moving, the inner peripheral tapered cone portion 25b of the ring 25 is pressed against the outer peripheral tapered cone portion 26a of the inner ring 26. For this reason,
The first synchronizer ring 23 rotates relative to the clutch hub 21 and the hub sleeve 22 by a predetermined amount, and the sliding of the hub sleeve 22 thereafter causes the shifting key 23 to be disengaged from the hub sleeve 22 and the spline chamfer of the hub sleeve 22 to move to the first position. (1) By abutting against the spline chamfer of the synchronizer ring 23, the synchronizer ring 23 is pressed against the middle ring 25 and the middle ring 25 is pressed against the inner ring 26 more strongly. As a result, the hub sleeve 22, the first synchronizer ring 23, and the fifth speed gear 13d are synchronized with each other, and the hub sleeve 22 smoothly meshes with the spline piece 29.
As a result, the counter shaft 13 and the fifth speed gear 13d are connected to each other, and the shift operation to the fifth speed is completed. in this case,
The first synchronizer ring 23, the middle ring 25 and the inner ring 26 form a double cone clutch,
Sync capacity is increased.

On the other hand, in the synchronizing device 20, during reverse shift operation, the hub sleeve 22 slides to the left in the drawing of FIG. 1, and along with this, the shifting key 27 moves integrally with the hub sleeve 22 to move the second synchronizer ring 24. Push to the left in the figure. As a result, the inner ring 26 becomes the second synchronizer ring 24.
And the outer peripheral taper cone portion 26a of the ring 26 are pressed against the inner peripheral taper cone portion 25b of the middle ring 25 by integrally moving in the axial direction. Therefore, the first synchronizer ring 23 rotates relative to the clutch hub 21 and the hub sleeve 22 by a predetermined amount, and the sliding of the hub sleeve 22 causes the shifting key 23 to be disengaged from the hub sleeve 22 and the spline of the hub sleeve 22. The chamfer abuts the spline chamfer of the second synchronizer ring 24 to press the synchronizer ring 24 more strongly. As a result, the synchronizer ring 24 pulls the inner ring 26 more strongly and presses the middle ring 25 more strongly. This allows the hub sleeve
22, the second synchronizer ring 24 and the fifth speed gear 13d are synchronized with each other, and the counter shaft 13 rotating by inertia after the clutch is disengaged is stopped from the output shaft 12 through the fifth speed gears 12d and 13d. To synchronize and stop. In this case, the middle ring 25 and inner ring 26
Thus, a single cone clutch is formed, and the synchronous capacity is smaller than the synchronous capacity during the shift operation to the fifth speed by a predetermined amount. During this time, the idler reverse gear 14 on the idler shaft 14
a is slid, meshes with the counter reverse gear 13e on the counter shaft 13 immediately before or immediately after the rotation is stopped, and then meshes with the reverse gear 12e on the output shaft 12, thereby performing a reverse shift without causing gear noise. It can be completed smoothly. The hub sleeve 22 meshes with the second synchronizer ring 24 after synchronization.

By the way, although the synchronizing device 20 has both the synchronizing action for the fifth speed shift and the synchronizing action for the reverse shift, both the synchronizing actions are performed by using the taper cone clutch formed on one side of the clutch hub 21. Because of the configuration, it is short in the axial direction, and it is not necessary to secure a large installation space in the axial direction. Therefore, it is not necessary to lengthen the counter shaft 13 in order to secure such a space, and it is possible to prevent the transmission from increasing in size and increasing its weight. In the synchronizer 20, the cone clutch is the clutch hub.
Since it exists only on one side of 21, the drag torque generated by this is not large, it has high durability, low heat generation, good fuel consumption, and adversely affects the shift operation of other forward gears. Nor.

Therefore, in the synchronizing device 20, if the interval l ₁ between the middle ring 25 and the spline piece 29 is set small and the interval l ₂ between the inner ring 26 and the spline piece 29 is set large, the shift operation to the fifth speed is performed at the first position. 1 synchronizer ring 23
And the middle ring 25 forms a single cone clutch. Also, middle ring 25 and spline piece
If the distance l ₁ between 29 and the distance l ₃ between the clutch hub 11 and the inner ring 26 are set to be large and the distance l ₄ between the clutch hub 11 and the first synchronizer ring 23 is set to be small, the first synchronizer can be operated even during reverse shift operation. The ring 23, the middle ring 25 and the inner ring 26 form a double cone clutch.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a synchronizer according to an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an inner ring that constitutes the synchronizer, and FIG. 3 is a skeleton diagram of a transmission that operates the synchronizer. Explanation of symbols 11 …… Input shaft, 12 …… Output shaft, 13 …… Counter shaft, 14 …… Idler shaft, 12d, 13d …… 5-speed gear, 12e, 13e, 14a …… Reverse gear, 20 …… Synchronous Device, 21 …… Clutch hub, 22 ……
Hub sleeves, 23, 24 ... Synchronizer rings, 25 ...
… Middle ring, 26 …… Inner ring.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A clutch hub mounted on a rotating shaft so as to be integrally rotatable, a hub sleeve mounted on the outer periphery of the clutch hub so as to be slidable only in the axial direction, and inner and outer peripheral surfaces are formed in a tapered cone portion. A middle ring that is integrally rotatably mounted on a gear that is rotatably mounted on one side of the clutch hub on the rotary shaft and is movable by a predetermined amount in the axial direction, and is located between the gear and the clutch hub. A synchronizer ring disposed between the clutch hub and the gear, on the outer periphery of the middle ring, and pushed axially by sliding to one side of the hub sleeve to press the outer peripheral tapered cone portion of the middle ring. , An inner ring whose outer peripheral surface is formed in a taper cone portion and which is arranged on the inner circumference of the middle ring and is pressed against the taper cone portion of the same ring by relative movement in the axial direction. And a second synchronizer ring located on the other side of the hub sleeve and pushed axially by sliding on the other side of the hub sleeve, wherein the synchronizer ring and the inner ring are mutually axial. A manual transmission synchronizer that is connected in two directions.