JPH076895B2 - How to make a test piece for polishing - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention observes the structure of various specimens such as gun iron, alloys, ores, etc. with a microscope. Therefore, the lower surface of the specimen and the lower surface of the plastic are used. The present invention relates to a method for producing a polishing test piece, which is indispensable for obtaining by an automatic machine a polishing test piece of a certain size obtained by molding the sample piece with the plastic so as to form a smooth surface to be polished.

[Prior Art] The sample piece is molded with plastic to form a polishing test piece of a certain size. The polishing test piece is a surface to be polished in which the lower surface of the sample piece is exposed smoothly. Molding the sample with plastic ensures that the shape of a sample piece having various shapes is kept constant to enhance and hold the gripping property, and that the sample piece having an extremely small surface to be polished is used. This is because the size of the surface to be polished is ensured, and thus the two work together to compensate for the smooth polishing of the surface to be polished of the sample piece.

A conventional method for manufacturing a polishing test piece will be described with reference to FIG.

First, the configuration will be described. The molding cylinder 2 is fixed to the upper portion of the frame 1, and the upper ram 3 and the lower ram 4 are fitted in the molding chamber so that the polishing test piece TP can be manufactured. The forming cylinder 2 has a water cooling chamber 2a and a heater coil 2b wound around it. Upper ram 3 is
It is designed to be locked by the lock lever 5 so as not to come off. The lower ram 4 is vertically movable by a hydraulic cylinder 6 attached to the lower part of the frame 1.

Next, the operation will be described.

First, with the upper ram 3 removed, the hydraulic cylinder 6 is extended and the lower ram 4 is raised above the forming cylinder 2. Then, the sample piece T is placed on the lower ram 4.
Next, the hydraulic cylinder 6 is contracted, and the lower ram 4 is positioned at the bottom of the molding cylinder 2 as a level of the last drop so that the lower ram 4 does not come out of the molding cylinder 2.
Next, plastic pellets (raw material = usually powdery or granular material) P are filled to a certain level, and the upper ram 3 is fitted into the molding cylinder 2 so as not to come off.
Rotate horizontally to lock. Then, the hydraulic cylinder 6 is expanded again to compress the pellet P at a high pressure, and while maintaining the compression, the heater coil 2b is electrically heated to melt the pellet P, and after a lapse of a certain time, the heater coil 2b is energized. And the cooling fluid is allowed to flow through the water cooling chamber 2a to cool and solidify the plastic. Then, in the molding chamber, a polishing test piece TP of a certain size is formed by molding the sample piece T on the plastic P. Subsequently, the hydraulic cylinder 6 is slightly contracted and then the upper ram 3 is unlocked by the lock lever 5, and the upper ram 3 is manually pulled out, and then the hydraulic cylinder 6 is extended and lifted to lower the lower ram. 4 is raised above the forming cylinder 2 and the polishing test piece TP is taken out.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] As described above, the conventional method for manufacturing a polishing test piece has not been automated in combination with high-mix low-volume production. However, when trying to automate the production of polishing test pieces, there is a problem in the handling of sample pieces, and because the specific gravity and size of sample pieces are different, it is not possible to calculate the filling amount of plastic pellets. could not.

Further, according to the conventional method for producing a test piece for polishing,
In the case of the thin plate-shaped sample piece T, even if an attempt is made to stand in a rib shape on the lower ram 4 and mold the sample piece T, the sample piece T collapses when the pellets P are filled or under pressure, and the lower surface of the sample piece is smooth and exposed. Since a polishing test piece TP having the above can not be obtained, the sample piece was laid flat on the lower ram 4 and molded with plastic. Therefore, the depth at which the sample piece T is molded cannot be sufficiently obtained. Furthermore, even if the sample piece is laid flat on the lower ram 4, the plastic will enter between the lower ram 4 and the sample piece, and the polishing test piece
I was spending extra time because I was polishing unnecessary polishing allowances when polishing TP.

The present invention, while ensuring the handleability of the sample piece, it is possible to calculate the filling amount of the plastic pellets according to the size of the sample piece, and the polishing test piece extremely useful for automating the production of the polishing test piece. The purpose is to provide a manufacturing method.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a polishing test piece in which the sample piece can be molded with the plastic so as to form a smooth polished surface where the sample piece is exposed.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In the method for manufacturing a polishing test piece of the present invention, a sample piece T is placed on a lower ram 4 which is raised above the forming cylinder 2, and the lower ram 4 is lowered. Position the sample piece T at the bottom of the molding cylinder 2, then fill it with the plastic pellets P, lower the upper ram 3 into the molding cylinder 2 and subsequently compress the pellets P to maintain the compression. Meanwhile, the pellet P is melted and then cooled and solidified to mold the sample piece T on the plastic P to form a polishing test piece TP of a certain size, and subsequently, the upper ram 3 is raised and the forming cylinder is formed. In the method for manufacturing a polishing test piece, which is configured such that the lower ram 4 at the bottom of the bottom 2 is lifted and the polishing test piece TP is taken out above the forming cylinder 2, the sample piece T is It is adhered on a disc-shaped pallet S that can be fitted in the holder 2, and the weight of the sample piece T and the pallet S is measured to calculate the volume of the sample piece T, and then on the lower ram 4. The amount of the plastic pellets P to be placed on the bottom of the molding cylinder 2 is determined from the amount of pellets required when the polishing test piece TP is temporarily molded from plastic without the sample pieces. The test piece for polishing with a pallet obtained by molding, which is supplied as a quantity obtained by subtracting the volume of 2 from the measuring device 19.
The TP is characterized in that the pallet S is separated after being taken out above the forming cylinder 2.

Therefore, the sample piece T is adhered onto a disc-shaped pallet S that can be fitted into the forming cylinder 2, the total weight of the sample piece T and the pallet S is measured, and then the sample piece T is raised above the forming cylinder 2. The sample piece T is positioned on the bottom of the forming cylinder 2 by placing it on the lower ram 4 and lowering the lower ram 4.

Next, the plastic pellets P are filled. The filling amount is an amount obtained by subtracting the calculated volume of the sample piece 2 from the amount of pellets required when the polishing test piece TP is temporarily formed of plastic without the sample piece.

Subsequently, the upper ram 3 is lowered into the molding cylinder 2, the pellets P are compressed, the pellets P are melted while maintaining the compression, and then cooled and solidified to mold the sample piece T on the plastic P. The polishing test piece TP with a pallet having a size is formed, and subsequently the upper ram 3 is raised and the lower ram 4 of the bottom of the forming cylinder 2 is raised to form the polishing test piece TP with a pallet. The pallet S is separated after being taken out above.

[Embodiment] FIGS. 1 to 3 show a polishing test piece manufacturing apparatus using the method for manufacturing a polishing test piece of the present invention.

First, the configuration will be described.

The forming cylinder 2 is mounted on the frame 1a. The forming cylinder 2 has a water cooling chamber 2a and a heater coil 2b wound around it. The upper ram 3 and the lower ram 4 are fitted in the molding chamber 2c of the molding cylinder 2. The upper ram 3 is connected to the piston 7a of the hydraulic cylinder 7 mounted on the frame 1b and can be lowered into the molding chamber 2c of the molding cylinder 2.

An ejector pin 23 is passed through the upper ram 3.
The upper end of the ejector pin 23 is engaged with the piston 24a of the air cylinder block 24 fixed between the piston 7a of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and the upper ram 3, and when high pressure air is not supplied to the cylinder chamber 24c. , The spring 24b lifts the piston 24a so as to abut the upper wall of the cylinder chamber 24c, and the lower surface 23a of the ejector pin 23 and the upper ram 3
The lower surface 3a of the above constitutes a smooth flat surface. The ejector pin 23 is supplied with high-pressure air into the cylinder chamber 24c when the upper ram 3 moves out of the molding chamber 2c of the molding cylinder 2 and projects from the lower surface of the upper ram 4 to be molded into the molding chamber 2c. Release the polishing test piece TP.

The lower ram 4 is connected to a piston 8a of an air cylinder 8 mounted below the frame 1a and can be lifted upward from a bottom lower position in the molding chamber 2c of the molding cylinder 2.

The diameter of the lower ram 4 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the molding chamber 2c of the molding cylinder 2. The molding chamber 2c is a tapered cylindrical surface whose diameter is reduced downward so that the lower peripheral surface is equal to the diameter of the lower ram 4. In the molding chamber 2c, a sample piece T is placed and a disc-shaped pallet S is fitted and housed.

The pallet S is made of a hard metal such as iron, and has a top surface coated with a release agent such as Teflon or silicone oil to facilitate separation from the plastic, and an instantaneous adhesive is used on the top surface. The sample piece T is adhesively placed. Further, the pallet S is slightly larger than the lower ram 4 and the lifting rod 13 described later to ensure good handling by the sandwiching hand 15 described later, and has a magnet m on the lower surface or inside. It has a handling property of attracting magnetic force onto the lower ram 4 formed of a magnetic attraction material or the lifting rod 13 described later. The magnet m is
The lower ram 4 or the lifting rod 13 to be described later may be provided so as to magnetically attract to the pallet S formed of a magnetic attraction material. Further, the pallet S has a chamfered portion formed on the peripheral edge of the lower surface, and the chamfered portion is seated on the tapered cylindrical surface of the lower portion of the molding chamber 2c.

A frame 1c on the right side of the forming cylinder 2 in the drawing is provided with an index table 10 having a motor 9 as a rotational drive source. The index table 10 has through holes 10a arranged in a cylinder or the like, and has a counterbore 10b concentrically with each through hole 10a. The counterbore 10b can mount a disc-shaped pallet S on which a sample piece T is adhered. An air cylinder 11 is provided below the through hole 10a at a predetermined position. The air cylinder
11, a weight sensor 12 capable of precisely measuring a small weight is mounted on the piston 11a, and a lifting rod 13 is further mounted on the weight sensor 12, and by extension operation,
Slowly raise the lifting rod 13 through the through hole 10a,
The lifting rod 13 lifts the disc-shaped pallet S on which the sample piece T located in the spot facing 10b is adhered and mounted to a slight height. The weight sensor 12 is set so that the weight of the lifting rod 13 is ignored and the electric signal output is zero when the air cylinder 11 is in the contracted state and the pallet S is not lifted. Therefore, the weight sensor 12 outputs an electric signal according to the total weight of the sample piece T and the pallet S when the air cylinder 11 extends and lifts the pallet S. Above the index table 10 and the forming cylinder 2, there is a first rotating shaft 14 which reciprocally rotates 180 °, and a pair of horizontally sandwiched holding hands 15 is provided at the lower end of the first rotating shaft 14. There is. The pair of gripping hands 15 are opened 180 ° and stand by, and when the disk-shaped pallet S on which the sample piece T lifted by the lifting rod 13 is adhered and lifted by the lifting rod 13, the actuator 25 Are rotated so as to close each other to sandwich the pallet S,
As it is, the first rotating shaft 14 is rotated 180 ° to convey the pallet S directly above the forming cylinder 2, and then again 180 °.
° Open and wait for the surface opposite to the clamping surface at the end of the previous hand as the clamping surface.

On the left side of the forming cylinder 2 in the drawing, there is a second rotating shaft 16 that reciprocates 180 °, and a pallet receiver having a shutter 18a at the tip of an arm 17 that extends horizontally from the lower end of the first rotating shaft 16. There is a bucket 18. The pallet receiving bucket 18
A screw feeder 19 as a measuring instrument is supplied with a required amount of plastic pellets P from which the volume of the sample piece T located in the molding chamber 2c of the molding cylinder 2 is subtracted. Then, the pallet receiving bucket 18 is rotated 180 ° and comes right above the forming cylinder 2 to release the shutter 18a.
Open and mold plastic pellets P into cylinder 2
Can be put into the molding chamber 2c. The control unit 20 controls the digital value corresponding to the weight of the pallet S (digital value corresponding to the pallet weight) and the pellet amount (volume) required when molding the entire polishing test piece TP with the plastic P without the sample piece T. ) Is set in advance (a test piece-corresponding pellet amount-corresponding digital value), and the specific gravity value of the sample piece T is input each time or in advance. Then, the control unit 20 converts the analog signal of the total weight of the sample piece T and the pallet S output from the weight sensor 12 into a digital signal through the A / D converter 21, and inputs the analog signal. The pallet weight corresponding digital value is subtracted from the input digital value, and then the subtracted value,
From the specific gravity value of the sample piece T, a division for obtaining the volume of the sample piece T is performed, the digital value obtained by the division is subtracted from the digital value corresponding to the pellet amount corresponding to the test piece, and the pellet corresponding to the subtracted value. In order to feed the quantity from the screw feeder 19 to the bucket 18, the screw feeder
A digital value for giving a required rotation to the motor driver 22 that drives the motor 19a of 19 is calculated and output to the motor driver 22.

Next, the operation will be described. The description of the operation is an example of the method of manufacturing the polishing test piece of the present invention.

First, the sample piece T is adhered with the surface of the pallet S coated with the release agent facing up, and the counterbore 10b of the index table 10 is adhered.
Place on. In the pallet S to which the sample piece T is adhered, the index table 10 is rotated by a required angle to lift the lifting rod.
When the air cylinder 11 is moved above the air cylinder 11, the air cylinder 11 is extended and lifted by the lifting rod 13. Then, the weight sensor 12 outputs a digital signal corresponding to the total weight of the sample piece T and the pallet S to the control unit 20, and the control unit 20 calculates a required digital value and outputs it to the motor driver 22. By rotating the motor 19a by the required number of rotations, the screw feeder 19 will move to the polishing test piece TP.
The volume of plastic pellet P required for the volume obtained by subtracting the volume of the sample piece T from the volume of is supplied to the bucket 18.

The pallet S lifted by the lifting rod 13 is
It is pinched by the pinching hand 15, and is conveyed right above the forming cylinder 2 when the first pivot shaft 14 pivots 180 °. Then, the air cylinder 8 is extended at a slow speed, the lower ram 4 passes through the forming chamber 2c, rises above the forming cylinder 2, and stops supporting the lower surface of the pallet S held by the holding hand 15. After that, the pair of clamping hands 15 is 180
Open and wait, then the air cylinder 8 contracts at a slow speed, so that the sample piece T adhered to the pallet S
Is located at the bottom of the forming cylinder 2. Since the lower surface of the lower ram 4 stops contacting the bottom surface of the molding chamber 2c, there is no risk of the lower ram 4 coming off downward even when a large load is applied.

Then, the bucket 18 is positioned right above the molding cylinder 2 by rotating the second rotary shaft 16 by 180 °, the shutter 18a is opened, and the required amount of plastic pellets P contained in the bucket 18 are stored. Is put into the molding chamber 2c. After that, the bucket 18 is rotated 180 ° and stands by under the supply port of the screw feeder 19.

Subsequently, the hydraulic cylinder 7 is extended and the upper ram 3 is lowered into the forming cylinder 2 to remove the pellet P in the forming chamber.
Compressed at a high pressure of 100 to 350 Kg / cm ^2, the heater coil 2b is electrically heated while maintaining the compression, the pellet P is melted, and after a lapse of a certain time, the power supply to the heater coil 2b is stopped and the water cooling chamber
A cooling fluid is passed through 2a to cool and solidify the plastic. Then, in the molding chamber, a palletized polishing test piece TP having a certain size, which is formed by molding the sample piece T on the plastic P, is molded. In the above case, the plastic P melted in the molding chamber 2c enters between the peripheral surface of the molding chamber 2c and the peripheral surface of the pallet S due to the high pressure, but is blocked by the seating surface of the pallet S and the periphery of the lower ram 4 is blocked. Since it does not enter, the friction resistance of the lower ram 4 does not become large, and the cylinder 8 can be an air cylinder with a small output.

Subsequently, high pressure air is supplied to the cylinder chamber 24c of the air cylinder block 24 fixed between the piston 7a of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and the upper ram 3, and then the hydraulic cylinder 7 is contracted. For this reason, the ejector pin 23
However, when the upper ram 3 leaves the forming chamber 2c of the forming cylinder 2 and rises, the polishing test piece TP adhered to the lower surface of the upper ram 3 is separated, and the polishing test piece is placed in the forming chamber 2c.
Leave TP.

Then, after a short delay, the air cylinder 8 stretches at a slow speed, the lower ram 4 passes through the molding chamber 2c again, and the polishing test piece TP with a pallet having completed molding is raised above the molding cylinder 2. After that, the polishing test piece TP with a pallet lifted by the lower ram 4 has a pair of gripping hands 15
After the lower ram 4 is clamped by the lower ram 4, the first rotating shaft 14 is rotated 90 ° after the lower ram 4 is lowered, and then the clamp by the pair of clamping hands 15 is released, and it slides down on the chute (not shown) and the collection box. It is collected (not shown). After that, the pair of clamping hands 15 are opened 180 ° and stand by for clamping the next pallet S placed on the index table 10.

With the above series of operations, the polishing test piece TP with pallet
The molding and collection of is completed. The test piece TP for polishing with a pallet is a pallet S manually or by using a jig.
Is separated, and the sample piece T is provided with a smooth surface to be polished.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the method for manufacturing a polishing test piece of the present invention, a sample piece is adhered onto a disc-shaped pallet, and the total weight of the sample piece and the pallet is Then, the volume of only the sample piece is calculated, and then the pallet is placed on the lower ram and lowered to be in close contact with the bottom of the molding chamber. Put the plastic pellets of the deducted volume into the lower ram, and then press, melt and cool the plastic pellets to form a polishing test piece with a pallet, raise the upper ram and lower the ram. Since the polishing test piece with pallet is lifted up and the pallet is separated, the pallet is separated from the pallet in the past. It was possible to secure the handling property of the sample piece that was impossible to stand upright by combining it with the pallet, and to calculate the filling amount of the plastic pellets according to the size of the sample piece. It is possible to provide a method of manufacturing a polishing test piece that is extremely useful for automating the manufacturing.

Since the sample piece is adhered onto the pallet and molded with plastic, if the polishing test piece with the pallet is taken out from the molding chamber and the pallet is separated, a smooth polished surface with the exposed sample piece can be surely obtained. In particular, in the case of a thin plate-shaped sample piece, it can be deeply molded in plastic by adhering rib-shaped to a pallet. Since a smooth surface to be polished with the exposed sample piece can be reliably obtained, useless polishing allowance is eliminated and rapid polishing can be performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 3 relate to an apparatus for producing a polishing test piece using the method for producing a polishing test piece of the present invention,
FIG. 1 is an overall conceptual diagram including a device body and a control system immediately before molding, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the device body showing a molded state, and FIG. 3 is a taken-out state after molding. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the apparatus body showing FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional polishing test piece manufacturing apparatus. TP: Polishing test piece, T: Sample piece, S: Pallet, P: Plastic and pellet, 2 ... Molding cylinder, 3 ... Upper ram, 4 ... Lower ram, 13 ... Weight sensor, 19 …… Screw feeder as a weighing machine, 20 …… Control unit,

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A sample piece is placed on a lower ram raised above a forming cylinder, the lower ram is lowered to position the sample piece at the bottom of the forming cylinder, and then filled with plastic pellets. Then, the upper ram is lowered into the forming cylinder, and then the pellets are compressed. While maintaining the compression, the pellets are melted, then cooled and solidified, and the sample piece is molded into plastic, and a certain size of polishing is performed. Method for manufacturing a polishing test piece, in which a polishing test piece is molded, and then an upper ram is subsequently raised and a lower ram at the bottom of a molding cylinder is raised to take out the polishing test piece above the molding cylinder. In the above, the sample piece is adhered onto a disc-shaped pallet that can be fitted into the molding cylinder, and the weight of the sample piece and the pallet is measured to measure the volume of the sample piece. Place it on the bottom of the molding cylinder by placing it on the lower ram after calculating, and the amount of the plastic pellets to fill is the pellets required if the polishing test piece is temporarily molded from plastic without a sample piece. The polishing test piece with a pallet obtained by subtracting the calculated volume of the sample piece from the volume is supplied from a measuring instrument, and the pallet is separated after the pallet-equipped polishing test piece is taken out above the forming cylinder. A method of manufacturing a polishing test piece. 2. The volume of the sample piece is calculated by measuring the weight of the sample piece and the pallet with a weight sensor, and outputting an electric signal according to the total weight of the sample piece and the pallet output from the weight sensor. It is converted into a digital signal and input to the control unit, and in the control unit, the weight of the sample piece is calculated from the input digital value and the digital value corresponding to the pallet weight separately input, and then,
The method for manufacturing a polishing test piece according to claim 1, wherein the volume is calculated from the calculated weight and specific gravity of the sample piece.