JPH0760115A - Biodegradable oil adsorbent - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a biodegradable oil adsorbent selectively adsorbing only oil in a water-oil mixed liq. CONSTITUTION:Material of agricultural products having >=1wt.% oil content such as residue of agricultural products is used as an oil adsorbent. This oil adsorbent has biadegradability because agricultural products are used and it has water repellency because >=1wt.% oil is contained. When this oil adsorbent is used, only oil is selectively adsorbed and only oil in an oil-water mixed liq. can efficiently be adsorbed and separated.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is an adsorbent for waste oil consisting of biodegradable agricultural product materials such as agricultural product residues containing oil, which is discharged from various industrial industries, households, restaurants, etc. The present invention relates to a waste oil treatment material that can easily achieve waste oil treatment by efficiently selectively adsorbing waste edible oil and solidify it, and that is easily biodegraded even if it is discarded in a natural environment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With the advanced development of petrochemistry, environmental pollution due to oil leakage and dumping has caused serious problems in various fields from drilling, refining and utilization of crude oil. Also in the field of edible oil, the waste cooking oil discharged from the kitchen of each household is the cause of clogging of drainage pipes, BOD (biological oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen) of rivers and lakes, especially in domestic wastewater. As in the case of the petrochemical field, increasing the load value of the required amount) causes serious environmental pollution.
In order to prevent the release of such oil to the natural environment,
Oil absorbing filters and various oil absorbing materials have been used up to the present day. In particular, as a method for efficiently collecting the oil diffused in the water system, a lipophilic surfactant is applied to the treated base material and a surface chemical method for selectively adsorbing only the oil content or a pressure floating method for floating oil content A physical treatment method such as separation is generally performed.

[0003]

Various unit operations such as adsorption, solidification, separation, and floating are industrially adopted as a method for collecting and collecting oil so as not to diffuse into the natural environment. In many of these, from the viewpoint of how efficiently oil is collected from the state where the oil is dispersed in water, the fact is that a method that can quickly and inexpensively separate water from oil is adopted. .

Of the methods for collecting oil diffused in water, the simplest method to be carried out on a small scale is to adsorb the oil content by bringing the oil-containing water into contact with or passing through a treatment material such as a filter material or a filter installed in advance. The method of discharging only water is widely used. In this case, it is general that when the water or oil content is adsorbed to a certain extent and the oil adsorbing ability on the surface of the treated material is lowered, the treated material is discarded or replaced or washed to newly enhance the oil adsorbing ability. .

Although the treating material which comes into contact with the mixture of water and oil has a special ability to selectively adsorb oil,
Adsorption of not only oil but also various hydrates due to various substances dissolved in water drastically reduces the overall oil adsorption capacity, resulting in frequent replacement of processing materials and generation of a large amount of used processing materials. As a result, a situation that is becoming a major threat to the environment is occurring.

[0006]

The treatment material is required to be highly lipophilic on the surface and not to be a harmful substance in nature. Thus, it is indispensable to have the separate characteristics of the oil absorption characteristics and the characteristics that the treating material can be easily treated.

[0007] That is, the inventors of the present invention need to have a high lipophilicity, oil absorption and biodegradability on the surface of the treated material or on the treated material itself as an oil adsorption treatment material which is preferable from the viewpoint of environmental protection. As a result of various studies, the inventors have found that this object can be achieved by processing agricultural products into a certain particle size and containing 1% by weight or more of an oil component, and completed the present invention. As the agricultural product used in the present invention, any biodegradable agricultural product having an oil absorption property can be used. From the viewpoint of biodegradability, it is desirable that the oil content contains a fatty acid ester-based oil or fat that is easily decomposed in nature.

Many agricultural products contain a large amount of oil in seeds, and among these seeds, corn, soybean,
Rapeseed, cottonseed, sunflower, sesame, palm, safflower, etc. are cultivated exclusively for that purpose as agricultural products that are raw materials for edible oils and fats. Even after oil is extracted (deoiled) from these oil-containing agricultural products in the oil pressing process, some oil remains in these agricultural products. In addition, corn flour, which is a crushed product produced through the dry crushing process of corn,
It contains up to 20% oil. Therefore, it is well known that their surface has water repellency and has extremely good affinity with fats and oils. In addition, agricultural products have many voids in their tissue structure due to their characteristics as plants, and retain the ability to occlude a large amount of liquid substances. As described above, the agricultural product material which is rich in fibers and rich in the internal space is itself excellent as a liquid adsorption / absorption medium.

However, even in such a state, since the agricultural product material containing no oil-containing component functions as a very good water absorbent, it is possible to use oil-in-water such as heavy oil dispersed in water or oil from a kitchen sink. Droplet-type oil can be recovered only a little, and the adsorbent itself becomes hydrated and swollen with water, and the oil cannot function as an adsorption treatment material. As a result of various studies, the present inventors have found that when a material from a non-oil-containing agricultural product such as a non-oil and fat raw material agricultural product is added and impregnated with 1% by weight or more of oil content, it is water-repellent and lipophilic like the above-mentioned oil-containing agricultural product material. It was also found that the oil absorption capacity can be significantly improved. As the non-oil-containing agricultural product material, various non-oil-containing agricultural product residues such as rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, and buckwheat are used.

Conventionally, in a method for producing a powder oil by solidifying a liquid edible oil, such an edible substance having good adsorptivity is used as an oil adsorbent so that it can be handled as powder oil after adsorption. There is a way. It is necessary for the edible agricultural product as an absorbent in this method to have as large a surface area as possible in order to enhance the oil adsorption capacity. Since the liquid supplied to the adsorbent is limited to edible oil here, it is not necessary to remove other liquids after adsorption. Therefore, efficiently selecting water and oil as used in the present invention,
No action of adsorption is required.

In the oil adsorbent made of the agricultural material used in the present invention, the adsorption of oil and water must be efficiently carried out. Therefore, the particle size and the oil content of the agricultural material largely control the performance of the adsorbent. If the particle size of the adsorbent is reduced, the oil adsorption capacity will increase, but the treatment efficiency will decrease significantly due to obstacles such as filter clogging. Conversely, if the particle size is increased, the treatment efficiency will increase, but The amount of oil adsorbed is reduced, which is not economical.

[0012] The particle size of the adsorbent varies depending on the agricultural product used as the raw material and cannot be unconditionally limited. However, as a result of various investigations, a particle size of about 2 mesh is preferable. It turned out to be remarkably improved.
By taking into consideration the treatment efficiency in this way, it was found that the oil is selectively adsorbed from the mixed liquid of oil and water, and that the adsorbent itself shows rapid biodegradability in the subsequent treatment, and thus biodegradable oil adsorption The material is completed.

Agricultural material is usually used as oil-containing agricultural material and non-oil-containing agricultural material separately, and soybean meal is usually used as a single material such as soybean meal only, but it is not necessary to use them separately. Alternatively, various materials such as a combination of soybean meal and rapeseed meal or a combination of oil-containing agricultural product material and non-oil-containing agricultural product material such as a combination of soybean meal and chaff can be used as needed.

Agricultural products materials, such as materials from oil-containing agricultural products, which are obtained in a plate state or a lump state by being pressed in an oil extraction step, are then crushed to an appropriate size and, if necessary, dried or surface-oxidized. It is used after being treated to promote isobiodegradability. For materials such as non-oil-containing agricultural products that cannot be obtained in the above-mentioned form and cannot be crushed or crushed as they are to obtain particles of an appropriate size, they must be molded into an appropriate size and used as they are. Alternatively, it may be crushed before use. The oil content of the agricultural material varies depending on the agricultural material used as the base material, as long as it has an adequate water repellency and oil absorption capacity, it is usually 1% by weight or more,
It is about 10% by weight or less, but it is needless to say that the oil content may be more than this if it has an oil absorption capacity.

[0015]

EXAMPLES The present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Examples [0016] The present invention was prepared by crushing the agricultural product residue adjusted to the oil content shown in Table 1 (A) "oil-containing agricultural product residue" and Table 1 (B) "non-oil-containing agricultural product residue with post-addition of oil" to a particle size of 2 mesh. An oil adsorbent was obtained. Wrap 50 g of this crushed product (oil adsorbent) in a wire mesh,
Several of these were produced. The non-oil-containing agricultural product residue (B) was pulverized and then added with a predetermined amount of soybean oil and mixed to uniformly impregnate the soybean oil.

[0017]

[0018]

Comparative Example As shown in Table 1 (C), oil-free agricultural product residues such as rapeseed meal and chaff were thoroughly extracted with ethyl ether by a conventional method, and the solvent was evaporated with a drier. The rapeseed meal and chaff that had been subjected to the deoiling treatment were pulverized to a grain size of 2 mesh to obtain an oil adsorbent. Fifty grams of this crushed material was wrapped in a wire mesh to make several pieces.

[0020]

Test Example 1 The whole of each pulverized product (oil adsorbent) obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples was used as a liquid (20 to 25 ° C.) prepared by mixing 50% by volume of water with machine oil and soybean salad oil. After immersing in water for 5 minutes, remove from the mixed solution, remove only water with a vacuum dryer, completely remove oil adhering to the surrounding area except for the oil adsorbent, weigh and grind before test The value obtained by dividing the oil content adsorbed by the material weight was taken as the oil absorption rate [%].

Test Example 2 50 g of each pulverized product (oil adsorbent) obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples was weighed on a funnel lined with filter paper, and 50 volumes of water was added to machine oil and soybean salad oil, respectively. % Of the mixed liquid was poured, the ratio of the oil content of the filtrate was measured, and the oil adsorption rate [%] was determined from this value.

The results obtained in Example 1 show that the oil absorption rate and the oil adsorption rate are remarkably improved as shown in Tables 2 (A) and 2 (B).

[0024]

The results of the oil adsorbents obtained in the comparative examples are shown in Table 2.
As shown in (C), the oil absorption rate and the oil adsorption rate were not significantly improved.

In each of the oil adsorbents obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, the base material is an agricultural product residue, so after use as an adsorbent, it is easy to stack them in the same manner as in the method of producing compost. Could be biodegraded into

[0027]

Industrial Applicability As described above, when a biodegradable oil adsorbent is produced, it is possible to obtain water repellency by using an agricultural product material containing an appropriate amount of oil and having a certain particle size or more, or a pulverized product thereof. Thus, an oil adsorbent having excellent biodegradability that efficiently adsorbs only oil can be obtained. The used oil adsorbent is easily biodegradable and can be returned to nature as fertilizer. Although the present invention has been described mainly for agricultural products, food,
Needless to say, the same applies to plants that are unsuitable for use as feed, fertilizer and the like.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shutake Suzuki 3-4-2-20-Shimonagaya, Konan-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Susumu Tanaka 971, Higashimatano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Green Avenue K / Y 101

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A biodegradable oil adsorbent comprising an agricultural product material such as an agricultural product residue containing 1% by weight or more of an oil component. 2. The raw material according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural product material is a residue of an edible plant selected from the group consisting of corn, soybean, rapeseed, palm, cottonseed, sesame, sunflower and safflower. Degradable oil adsorbent. 3. The biodegradable oil adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural product material containing an oil component is obtained by adding oil to an oil / fat raw material agricultural product residue or a non-oil / fat raw material agricultural product residue.