JPH0756175A - Production of liquid crystal display element and liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the contrast over the entire bearing and to prevent a display defect by preventing the generation of a drift of [Vcom] by electrical asymmetry generated at the time of improving the dependency of the liquid crystal display element on visual angles by providing one pixel with two regions varying in orientation treatment. CONSTITUTION:The one pixel is provided with first and second oriented films 13, 14 of a two-layered structure constituted of the first layer and the second layer upside down, by which the two regions [A] and [B] varying in the pretilt angle are formed. As a result, the two regions [A] and [B//] are made electrically symmetrical and the generation of the drift of [Vcom] is eliminated. The dependency of the liquid crystal display element 1 on the visual angles is thus improved, flickering, seizure, etc., are prevented and the image quality is improved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device in which one pixel is subjected to alignment treatment in two directions.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal display element has been widely used as a display device for personal OA equipment such as a Japanese word processor and a desktop personal computer because it has advantages of thinness, light weight and low power consumption. .

The liquid crystal display element used here is classified into operation modes by TN (Twisted Nematic).
c) type, STN (Super Twisted Nem)
atic) type, SBE (Super Twisted)
briefing effect) type, GH
(Guest Host) type, DS (DynamicS)
There are many types of liquid crystal display elements such as a field effect type TN type, an STN type or an SEB type.

Among these liquid crystal display elements, the TN type liquid crystal having a molecular arrangement twisted by 90 ° is, in principle, a black and white display, has a high contrast ratio and a good gradation display property, and has a high response speed (several). Therefore, it is applied to clocks and calculators using simple matrix drive, active matrix drive with switching elements for each pixel, and full-color LCD TVs combined with color filters. There is. On the other hand, the STN type liquid crystal and the SEB type liquid crystal having a molecular arrangement twisted by 90 ° or more have steep electro-optical characteristics, and therefore have a simple structure without a switching element such as a thin film transistor or a diode for each pixel. Large-screen display can be easily realized by time-division driving using a low-cost simple matrix type electrode structure. For example, an SEB type liquid crystal display device is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-107020. There is.

In these liquid crystal display devices, generally, a plurality of scanning electrodes are arranged in a row and an alignment film is formed to cover the scanning electrodes, and a plurality of signal electrodes are arranged in a row to cover the scanning electrodes. Aligning the signal electrode substrate with the alignment film by rubbing each, then spraying spacers on the alignment film surface of one of the electrode substrates, then placing both electrode substrates facing each other and sealing the periphery, and forming by spacers It is manufactured by enclosing the liquid crystal in the gap (cell gap).

As the liquid crystal, cyclohexane type, ester type, biphenyl type, pyrimidine type, etc. are used.
Further, a chiral agent is added so that the molecular axes of the liquid crystal molecules can be twisted at a predetermined angle (practically about 270 degrees is preferable) between the upper and lower substrates in an arbitrary direction. In addition, the liquid crystal is set to be aligned with an inclination (hereinafter, abbreviated as pretilt angle) of the molecular axis between the upper and lower substrates being larger than 5 degrees by the alignment treatment.

By the way, these liquid crystal display elements have a viewing angle dependency that the contrast ratio and the display color change depending on the viewing angle and direction.

[0008] Therefore, in order to improve this viewing angle dependence, the conventional method described in K. H. Yang (1991, IDRC, p68)
Method for improving viewing angle dependence by using a liquid crystal display device provided with two regions in which the rising direction of liquid crystal molecules is different by 180 ° in one pixel by the method proposed by
N (hereinafter abbreviated as TDTN) or a method for achieving this method by unidirectional rubbing in the same substrate, Y. K
oike, et. al (1992, SID, p798)
Domain Divided, which is characterized in that two regions having different pretilt angles are provided in one pixel.
A method of dividing one pixel into two regions having different molecular arrangements, such as TN (hereinafter abbreviated as DDTN), is implemented.

In reality, the TDTN has the configuration shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), first, a first rubbing in the direction of arrow s is performed on the entire surface of the alignment film coated with polyimide on the glass substrate 2, and then a mask (not shown) that covers the upper half of each pixel. ) Is applied to the alignment film and the lower pixel 2b is exposed, the direction is changed by 180 ° from the first time and the second pixel is rubbed only in the lower direction in the direction of the arrow t. In order to form two different regions of the pixel 2a and the lower pixel 2b, the alignment film on the glass substrate 2 is subjected to multiple rubbing through a mask (hereinafter referred to as a mask rubbing method) to form one pixel. The alignment treatment for changing the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules was performed.

On the other hand, in DDTN, as shown in FIG. 5B, after the inorganic compound alignment film 4 and the organic compound alignment film 6 are sequentially formed on the glass substrate 3, the organic compound alignment film 6 is formed. Patterning is performed by photolithography so as to remove half of one pixel, or as shown in FIG. 5C, first and second organic compound alignment films 8 and 9 having different components are formed on the glass substrate 7. After the film is formed, the second organic compound alignment film 9 on the surface is patterned in the same manner as in FIG. 5B to form two regions in one pixel, so that one rubbing is performed in one pixel. The alignment treatment was performed so that the pretilt angles of the two areas were different.

However, in the TDTN, after the completion of the multiple rubbing, the mask covering the glass substrate 2 is removed. At this time, the alignment by the first rubbing performed on the portion covered by the mask is removed. There is a fear that the effect of the treatment may be weakened or disappeared. In such a case, there is a problem that the viewing angle dependency cannot be improved and the manufacturing accuracy of the electrode substrate is reduced.

In addition, in the case of DDTN, when an organic alignment film is provided on an inorganic compound, there is a problem that the alignment ability of the organic alignment film is deteriorated due to long-term use and the organic alignment film becomes unusable, and the inorganic compound alignment film is used. Although the organic compound alignment film is soft while the organic compound alignment film is soft, there is a problem in that the liquid crystal alignment ability is different because the alignment is controlled by a single rubbing treatment even though the hardnesses of the two are different. .

Further, even if two kinds of organic compound alignment films having the same hardness are layered, if the materials, structures, film thicknesses, etc. of the upper and lower alignment films facing each other are different, the upper and lower surfaces of the alignment film Is electrically asymmetrical and the charge adsorption property is different, so that the optimum counter electrode potential (hereinafter referred to as Vcom) drifts, and a direct current component is applied to the liquid crystal layer, which causes display defects such as flicker and burning. Had the problem of becoming.

[0014]

Conventionally, in order to improve the viewing angle dependency of a liquid crystal display element, TDTN or DDT has been used.
By the method of obtaining N, two regions having different orientations were formed in one pixel.

Therefore, in the TDTN, the effect of the first rubbing treatment may be diminished during the multiple rubbing, so that the display performance is deteriorated due to the deterioration of the alignment treatment performance. There is a problem in that a good image cannot be obtained in any of the cases, such as a difference in the alignment performance of the regions or a direct current component of [Vcom] being applied to the liquid crystal layer to cause a display defect.

Therefore, the present invention eliminates the above-mentioned problems. It is easy to form an alignment film for dividing one pixel into two regions having different alignment treatments, and the alignment characteristics are not deteriorated for a long period of time. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element having good viewing angle dependence and a liquid crystal display element.

[0017]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has a substrate and two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes formed on the substrate and facing each other, and the two electrode substrates. In a liquid crystal display element formed by enclosing liquid crystal in a gap between the substrates, a step of forming a first alignment film on each of the substrates, and an alignment film pattern by removing a predetermined portion of the first alignment film on the substrate. And a step of forming a second alignment film on the alignment film pattern, the second alignment film being made of a material different from that of the first alignment film and having a film thickness substantially equal to that of the first alignment film. Forming a third alignment film on the second alignment film, the third alignment film being made of the same material as the first alignment film and having a film thickness substantially equal to that of the first alignment film; Of the alignment films, the third layer of the third alignment layer is laminated on the second alignment film on the first alignment film. Removing only the film, alternately arranging the second alignment film and the third alignment film on the surfaces of the two electrode substrates, aligning the electrode substrates, and aligning the electrodes. And a step of assembling the two prepared electrode substrates so that the second alignment film and the third alignment film face each other.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a substrate and two electrode substrates having a transparent electrode formed on the substrate and facing each other, and a liquid crystal in a gap between the two electrode substrates. In a liquid crystal display device formed by encapsulation, a step of forming a first alignment film made of an organic compound on each of the substrates, and removing a predetermined portion of the first alignment film on the substrate to form an alignment film pattern. To form. And a step of forming on the alignment film pattern a second alignment film made of an organic compound different from that of the first alignment film and having a film thickness substantially equal to that of the first alignment film, Forming a third alignment film on the second alignment film, the third alignment film being made of the same organic compound as the first alignment film and having a film thickness almost equal to that of the first alignment film; Of the alignment films, the second alignment film on the first alignment film
Only the third alignment film of the third layer, which is layered on the alignment film, is removed, and the second alignment film and the third alignment film are alternately arranged on the surfaces of the two electrode substrates. A step of performing an alignment treatment on the electrode substrate, and a step of assembling the two alignment-treated electrode substrates so that the second alignment film and the third alignment film face each other. Is.

Further, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides
A substrate and two electrode substrates which have transparent electrodes formed on the substrate and face each other, and a liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystal is sealed in a gap between the two electrode substrates, have different alignment characteristics. A first two-layer alignment film in which the first and second materials are laminated to an equal thickness, and a second two-layer alignment film adjacent to the first two-layer alignment film and having a layer structure opposite to that of the first two-layer alignment film. The first electrode substrate has a plurality of alternating first electrode substrates and the same structure as the first electrode substrate. The first and second two-layer alignment films of the first electrode substrate have the second and first electrode layers. And a second electrode substrate which is provided so as to face the first electrode substrate so that the two-layer alignment films of (1) and (2) face each other.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a substrate and two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes formed on the substrate and facing each other, and a liquid crystal in a gap between the two electrode substrates. In a liquid crystal display device formed by encapsulation, a first two-layer alignment film in which first and second organic compounds having different alignment characteristics are laminated with an equal thickness, and the first two-layer alignment film adjacent to the first two-layer alignment film.
A first electrode substrate having a plurality of second two-layer alignment films alternately having a layer structure opposite to that of the layer alignment film; and a first electrode substrate having the same structure as the first electrode substrate. And a second electrode substrate provided facing the first electrode substrate so that the second and first two-layer alignment films face the first and second two-layer alignment films, respectively. is there.

[0021]

The present invention is constructed as described above, and the first alignment film is patterned on the electrode substrate, and then the second alignment film and the third alignment film made of the same material as the first alignment film are formed on the pattern. After forming the first alignment film, the third alignment film stacked on the third layer is removed to form the first and second alignment films sequentially on the electrode substrate. It is possible to form a plurality of layer alignment films and a plurality of second two-layer alignment films whose film formation order is opposite to that of the first two-layer alignment film.
Two regions having different alignment treatments can be easily formed in a pixel. Then, by assembling the two electrode substrates thus formed so that the first two-layer alignment film and the second two-layer alignment film face each other, the electrical conductivity between the two opposing alignment films is increased. The asymmetry can be eliminated, a good image can be obtained, and the orientation ability does not deteriorate even after long-term use, and reliability can be improved.

[0022]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line I-I of FIG. 2, showing ITO (Indium Tin O) on the first and second glass substrates 10 a and 10 b of the liquid crystal display element 1.
first and second electrode substrates 12 having a common electrode 11a made of xide) and an ITO electrode 11b having a pixel size of 110 × 330 [μm] driven by a TFT driving element.
FIG. 2 shows a state in which a and 12b are assembled so as to face each other, and FIG. 2 is a partial plan view showing a state in which two regions having different pretilt angles are provided in one pixel of the liquid crystal display element 1.

That is, the first and second electrode substrates 12a, 12
On b, the first two-layer alignment film 13 and the second two-layer alignment film 14 having a layer structure upside down with respect to the first two-layer alignment film 13 are provided for each pixel 16 one by one. A plurality of [A] and [B] regions having different pretilt angles are formed alternately.

Here, the first two-layer alignment film 13 has a thickness of 85.
On the first alignment film 17 made of a negative photosensitive polyimide of 0 (angstrom) (Probimide 400: manufactured by Ciba-Geigy), a polyimide having a thickness of 850 (angstrom) made of polyamic acid (SE-73).
10: manufactured by Nissan Kagaku Co., Ltd.), and the second two-layer alignment film 14 is the same as the first alignment film 17 on the second alignment film 18. The third alignment film 20 made of a material and having the same thickness is formed.

In this way, the first and second electrode substrates 12a and 12b, in which a plurality of the first two-layer alignment films 13 and the second two-layer alignment films 14 are alternately provided, are the first two-layer alignment films. 1
3 and the second alignment film 14 are assembled so as to face each other, and hold the liquid crystal 21.

Further, between the adjacent pixels 16 and between the pixels 16, and between the region [A] formed by the first two-layer alignment film 13 and the second two.
The region [B] formed by the layer alignment film 14 is covered with the black matrix 22.

Next, the manufacturing process of the electrode substrate 12 will be described.

On the first glass substrate 10a having the common electrode 11a formed thereon and the second glass substrate 10b having the ITO electrode 11b formed thereon, as shown in FIG. Photosensitive polyimide (Probimide 400:
A first alignment film 17 made of Ciba-Geigy Co., Ltd.) is formed at 850 (angstrom) by a printing method.

Then, exposure and development are performed to pattern the first alignment film 17 as shown in FIG. 3B, and then, as shown in FIG.
As shown in (c), a second alignment film 18 made of polyimide (SE-7310: a product of Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) whose precursor is polyamic acid is used as a second alignment film 850 (angstrom) by a printing method. ) Form a thick film. Here first
The alignment film 17 is hardly soluble in the second alignment film 18 of the second layer.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3D, the first alignment film 1
A third alignment film 20 made of the same polyimide as that of No. 7 is formed to a thickness of 850 angstrom by a printing method, and then exposed,
Development is performed, and only the third alignment film 20 which is layered on the second alignment film 18 on the first alignment film 17 and forms the third layer is selectively removed. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3E, a region [A] composed of the first two-layer alignment film 13 in which the first and second alignment films 17 and 18 are sequentially layered on the electrode substrate 12,
Each pixel 16 is divided into two regions [B] composed of the second two-layer alignment film 14 in which the second and third alignment films 18 and 20 are sequentially stacked.
The stripes are alternately formed so as to be adjacent to each other.

On the first and second electrode substrates 12a and 12b thus obtained, the first and second electrode substrates 12 are
A rubbing process is performed so that the liquid crystal 21 is twisted by 90 ° between a and 12b. However, the pretilt angles of the area [A] and the area [B] by this rubbing process are different.

Next, a sealant (not shown) is placed on the second electrode substrate 12b, and the spacers 24 are evenly distributed.
The first and second electrode substrates 12a and 12b are combined so that the area [A] and the area [B] face each other, and
Liquid crystal cell 23 for hardening liquid crystal and storing liquid crystal 21
The liquid crystal (ZLI-1132:
E. (Made by Merck) 21 is injected to complete the liquid crystal display element 1.

Further, since the alignment direction of the liquid crystal 21 molecules is different in one pixel 16, a disclination line is generated. Therefore, the black matrix 22 is arranged at the position where the disclination line is generated. Incidentally, 26a, 26b
Are first and second polarizing plates.

According to this structure, the region [A] and the region [B] forming one pixel 16 are formed by reversing the upper and lower layers of two kinds of organic compounds having the same thickness. Since it is formed of the layer alignment film 13 and the second two-layer alignment film 14, the pretilt angles of the regions [A] and [B] can be changed, while the first and second electrode substrates 12a and 12b are formed. The regions [A] and [B] have the same charge adsorbability, the electrical asymmetry is canceled out, the drift of [Vcom] is not generated, and the DC component of the voltage is applied to the liquid crystal 21 layer. Since it does not occur, display defects such as flicker and image sticking that have occurred conventionally are eliminated, and the image quality can be significantly improved.

When the orientation of 21 molecules of liquid crystal was examined using the liquid crystal display element 1 produced in the above example, uniform orientation was obtained and the voltage holding ratio was as high as about 99%. When the liquid crystal display element 1 was driven and the viewing angle dependence of the contrast was measured, as shown in the isocontrast curve in FIG. 4, almost uniform high-quality display was obtained in all directions.

Further, the liquid crystal display element 1 has an amplitude of 5V and 32V.
After applying a square wave of Hz for 500 hours,
[Vcom] was almost the same as the initial value, and it was confirmed that no drift occurred, and display defects such as flicker and image sticking were also eliminated.

On the other hand, the common electrode 11 which is the same as that of the above-mentioned embodiment.
The first and second glass substrates 10a and 10b having a and ITO electrodes 11b are used, and as shown in FIG. 6, the first glass substrate 10a is provided with a polyimide alignment film (AL-105).
(1: manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) 27 is applied by printing, and a polyimide (SE-7310: SE-7310: whose precursor is polyamic acid) is used as the first-layer alignment film 30 on the second glass substrate 10b.
(Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.) is formed to a thickness of 850 angstroms by the printing method, and then a soluble polyimide alignment film (AL-3046: manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) 27 is further printed by the printing method as the second alignment film 31. After being formed to a thickness of 850 Å, resist coating, exposure, development, and etching are performed, and the alignment films 30 and 31 of the first and second layers are alternately arranged in stripes so as to divide one pixel 32 into two. [Comparative Example] was formed. The same polarizing plate as in this example was used.

The first and second electrode substrates 33 and 34 of this [comparative example] are formed on the first and second layer alignment films 30 and 3, respectively.
The liquid crystal molecules are rubbed on 1 so that they are twisted by 90 ° at their respective pretilt angles, and then both electrode substrates 33 and 34 are assembled so as to face each other via a spacer 24 and bonded by a sealant to form a liquid crystal cell. Then, when the same liquid crystal as in the above-mentioned embodiment was injected into this liquid crystal cell to form and drive the liquid crystal display element 36, the viewing angle dependency was improved as in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the contrast was good in all directions. .
However, the liquid crystal display element 36 has an amplitude of 5V and 32H.
When a square wave of z was applied and driven for 500 hours, the optimum counter electrode potential was shifted by about 700 mV from the initial value, and a DC component was applied to the liquid crystal layer due to the drift of [Vcom], resulting in flicker. It has been burned.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, but may be modified within the scope of the invention, for example, the material forming the two-layer alignment film is arbitrary, It is preferable to use a photosensitive polymer compound for the third alignment film because the resist development step in patterning can be omitted. However, if the third alignment film is poorly soluble in the solvent of the second alignment film, a soluble organic compound is used. It may be a compound. Again 2
Although the thickness of the alignment film having a layered structure is arbitrary, it is more preferable that the first layer and the second layer have the same thickness.

Further, the liquid crystal injected into the liquid crystal cell is STN.
Type, SBE type, etc., and the driving means of the liquid crystal display element may be active matrix driving using thin film transistors or thin film diodes, or multiplex driving using a simple matrix electrode structure without switching elements. It may be.

In the above embodiment, the alignment film has a two-layer structure. This is inevitable for the following reasons.

For example, in the structure in which "two kinds of alignment films are alternately arranged in stripes", a drift of [Vcom] occurs and flicker image sticking occurs due to DC (direct current) application. This is because there is a difference in the charge adsorption property due to the difference in the upper and lower film qualities.

Therefore, by adopting a two-layer structure for the alignment film as in the present invention, it is possible to eliminate the difference in charge adsorbing property due to the difference in film quality and to form regions having different pretilt angles. Then, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, by providing the first two-layer alignment film 13 and the second two-layer alignment film 14 whose layer structures are upside down so as to face each other, the difference in film quality is eliminated.
It is possible to create a liquid crystal display device using various types of films,
This is because it leads to the improvement of the viewing angle.

[0044]

As described above, according to the present invention, in order to improve the viewing angle dependence, two regions are provided in one pixel, which are different in alignment treatment but do not cause electrical asymmetry. It is possible to easily form a two-layer structure alignment film for the purpose. In the liquid crystal display device having the two-layer structure alignment film formed in this manner, the optimum counter electrode potential does not fluctuate even when used for a long period of time, and the flicker, baking, etc. which have occurred conventionally are not generated. Display defects are eliminated, almost uniform contrast and display colors are obtained in all directions, and extremely high-quality images can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
It is a partial cross section along line -I.

FIG. 2 is a partial plan view of the liquid crystal display element of one embodiment of the present invention viewed from above the black matrix.

FIG. 3 is a process diagram showing a manufacturing process of a two-layer structure alignment film on an electrode substrate according to one embodiment of the present invention, (a) is an explanatory view showing a state in which a first alignment film is formed, (b) is an explanatory view showing a state where the first alignment film is patterned, (c) is a second
Is an explanatory view showing a state in which the alignment film is formed, (d) is an explanatory view showing a state in which the third alignment film is formed, and (e) is an alignment film in which the third alignment film of the third layer is removed. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which completed.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing isocontrast characteristics of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5A and 5B are explanatory views showing a conventional apparatus, and FIG. 5A is an explanatory view showing a state in which an alignment treatment is performed by a mask rubbing method,
(B) DDTN having an organic alignment film formed on an inorganic compound
And (c) is an explanatory view showing DDTN in which the first layer and the second layer are formed by an organic alignment film.

FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element of [Comparative example].

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Liquid crystal display element 10a, 10b ... 1st and 2nd glass substrate 11a ... Common electrode 11b ... ITO electrode 12a, 12b ... 1st and 2nd electrode substrate 13 ... 1st 2 layer alignment film 14 ... 2nd Two-layer alignment film 16 ... 1 pixel 17 ... First alignment film 18 ... Second alignment film 20 ... Third alignment film 21 ... Liquid crystal

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display element comprising a substrate and two electrode substrates having a transparent electrode formed on the substrate and facing each other, and liquid crystal enclosed in a gap between the two electrode substrates. Forming a first alignment film on each substrate,
A step of removing a predetermined portion of the first alignment film on the substrate to form an alignment film pattern; and a first alignment film made of a material different from that of the first alignment film on the alignment film pattern. A step of forming a second alignment film having a substantially equal film thickness, and a film made of the same material as the first alignment film on the second alignment film and substantially the same as the first alignment film. A step of forming a third alignment film having a thickness, and a third alignment film of the third alignment film, which is a third layer of the third alignment film and is laminated on the second alignment film on the first alignment film. Removing only the alignment film, alternately arranging the second alignment film and the third alignment film on the surfaces of the two electrode substrates, aligning the electrode substrate, And assembling the two treated electrode substrates so that the second alignment film and the third alignment film face each other. Method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element characterized in that for Bei. 2. A liquid crystal display device comprising a substrate and two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes formed on the substrate and facing each other, and liquid crystal sealed in a gap between the two electrode substrates. A step of forming a first alignment film made of an organic compound on each substrate, a step of removing a predetermined portion of the first alignment film on the substrate to form an alignment film pattern, and a step of forming the alignment film pattern on the alignment film pattern. A step of forming a second alignment film made of an organic compound different from that of the first alignment film and having a film thickness almost equal to that of the first alignment film, and the step of forming the second alignment film on the second alignment film. Forming a third alignment film made of the same organic compound as that of the first alignment film and having a film thickness almost equal to that of the first alignment film; Only the third alignment film of the third layer, which is layered on the second alignment film on the alignment film, is removed. The second electrode is formed on the surface of the two electrode substrates.
Alternately arranging the third alignment film and the third alignment film, a process of aligning the electrode substrate, and the two alignment-treated electrode substrates being the second alignment film and the third alignment film.
And a step of assembling the alignment films so that they face each other. 3. A liquid crystal display device comprising a substrate and two electrode substrates having a transparent electrode formed on the substrate and facing each other, and liquid crystal enclosed in a gap between the two electrode substrates. A first two-layer alignment film in which first and second materials having different characteristics are laminated with an equal thickness and a second two-layer alignment film which is adjacent to the first two-layer alignment film and has a layer structure opposite to that of the first two-layer alignment film. A first electrode substrate having a plurality of alternating two-layer alignment films and the same structure as the first electrode substrate, wherein the first and second two-layer alignment films of the first electrode substrate have the same structure as the first electrode substrate. A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a second electrode substrate provided so as to face the first electrode substrate so that the second and first two-layer alignment films face each other. 4. A liquid crystal display device comprising a substrate and two electrode substrates having a transparent electrode formed on the substrate and facing each other, and liquid crystal enclosed in a gap between the two electrode substrates. A first two-layer alignment film in which first and second organic compounds having different characteristics are laminated to have an equal thickness, and a second layer structure adjacent to the first two-layer alignment film and having a layer structure opposite to that of the first two-layer alignment film. Of 2
A first electrode substrate having a plurality of layer alignment films alternately, and a first electrode substrate having the same structure as the first electrode substrate. 2. A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a second electrode substrate provided so as to face the first electrode substrate so that the first and second two-layer alignment films face each other.