JPH075444A - Display element and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To solve the seizure and hysteresis of the display of a high polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element. CONSTITUTION:The shape of particles 5 dispersed in a liquid crystal 4 is set sufficiently large relative to the thickness of a liquid crystal layer. The high- polymer particles are combined with each other. The high-polymer precursors are heat treated after polymn. The content of the high-polymer particles, the temp. at the time of polymn., the intensity of UV rays at the time of polymn. and the heat treating conditions after the polymn. are stipulated in the case the particles 5 consist of the high polymers in order to realize such structure. Then, the seizure and hysteresis observed heretofore are solved and the display element free from the seizure is produced by the simple process.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure of a display element in which a liquid crystal and a polymer used for a display, a light valve and the like are oriented and dispersed, and a manufacturing method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, as a bright display element which does not use a polarizing plate, a display element (PDL) in which liquid crystal and polymer are dispersed.
(Abbreviated as C) is drawing attention. The PDLC is a normal type NCAP that is transparent when an electric field is applied and becomes a scattering state when the electric field is removed (the invention of Ferguson et al.
631), LCPC (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd .: US Pat. No. 4,818,070, Kent State University: US Pat. There is. On the other hand, a reverse type PDLC that is scattered by applying an electric field and becomes transparent by removing the electric field is also actively developed (Kent State University: US Pat. No. 4,994,2).
04, Seiko Epson Corporation: European Published Patent EP0488116A2, Philips: European Published Patent EP0451905A1).

[0003]

However, the conventional PDL is used.
C has a problem that there is a so-called burn-in phenomenon in which it becomes difficult to return to a display state when no electric field is applied by applying an electric field. For example, when used in normal PDLC, even after the electric field is removed, a slightly transparent portion appears in the scattering state and the contrast is lowered. When it is used in the reverse PDLC, even after the electric field is removed, a portion in the scattering state appears in the transparent state and the contrast is lowered. The cause of burn-in in reverse PDLC in which particles are dispersed in liquid crystal is that the shape of the particles is smaller than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer and they are not connected to each other, so that not only the liquid crystal but also the particles move when an electric field is applied. It is thought to be caused by this (see FIG. 2).

Further, there is a problem that a hysteresis phenomenon is present more or less in any mode. If there is hysteresis, it becomes difficult to produce gradation in display.

The present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a display element in which a burn-in phenomenon and a hysteresis phenomenon in a reverse PDLC are extremely small and a manufacturing method thereof. It is in.

[0006]

One concept of the present invention is:
In a display device in which liquid crystal and particles are oriented and dispersed between two substrates on which electrodes may be formed, the diameter of the particles or the diameter of the particles along the major axis is longer than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the electric field direction. And Further, in the manufacturing method thereof, when the mixture of the liquid crystal and the polymer precursor is sealed between the two electrodes, the content of the polymer precursor is set to 5% or more, or the temperature at the time of polymerization is set higher than that of the liquid crystal. It is characterized in that the temperature is between the transition temperature between the isotropic phase and the liquid crystal phase of the molecular precursor and a temperature 40 degrees lower than the transition temperature. Further, the polymer precursor is characterized in that it is polymerized by light such as visible light, ultraviolet light, electron beam or heat.

Still another concept of the present invention is to provide a display element in which liquid crystal and polymer particles are oriented and dispersed with each other between two substrates on which electrodes may be formed.
It is characterized in that it has a structure in which polymer particles near the surface of one substrate are connected to each other. In addition, in the method for producing the polymer, the liquid crystal and the polymer precursor are mixed and sealed between two substrates on which electrodes may be formed, and external light or electron beam stimulation required for polymerization is applied to the polymer. In a method of manufacturing a display device in which a structure in which a liquid crystal and polymer particles are aligned and dispersed with each other is prepared by polymerizing a precursor, 1 mW / cm 2
It is characterized in that the polymer precursor is polymerized by irradiating the light or electron beam having the above intensity. Alternatively, the polymer precursor is polymerized by irradiating the display device with the light or the electron beam from both sides.

Still another concept of the present invention is that a liquid crystal and a polymer precursor are mixed and sealed between two substrates which may have electrodes, and the light or electron beam required for polymerization is externally applied. In the method for manufacturing a display device in which a polymer precursor is polymerized by irradiation with a liquid crystal and polymer particles to form a structure in which the liquid crystal and polymer particles are aligned and dispersed with each other, the polymer precursor in the liquid crystal is polymerized in an aligned state. After that, heat treatment is performed.

Next, details will be described with reference to embodiments.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, the principle of mitigating the burn-in phenomenon according to one concept of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
2 is a sectional view of the display element in FIG. 2, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the conventional display element. In the conventional display element, when the particles are small (FIG. 2), when an electric field is applied (FIG. 2A), the polymer particles move slightly together with the liquid crystal, and even after the electric field is removed, the particles partially remain. A refractive index mismatch occurs and a scattering state remains (FIG. 2 (B)). In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, since the size of the particles is sufficiently large with respect to the liquid crystal layer thickness, the particles do not move even when an electric field is applied (FIG. 1 (A)), and of course, the burn-in smear occurs even after the electric field is removed. It is not possible (Fig. 1 (B)). Next, specific examples will be shown.

Example 1 First, an example in which the temperature during polymerization is controlled to control the particle size will be described.

7% by weight of terphenyl methacrylate as a polymer precursor, 88.5% by weight of BL032 (made by Merck) as a liquid crystal, and 2% by weight of dichroic dye S-344 (made by Mitsui Toatsu Dyes). , CB15 as chiral component
2.5% by weight (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) is used, and these are mixed and sealed in an empty panel shown below. Two substrates with electrodes that had been subjected to the alignment treatment were fixed with a gap of 5 μm kept between them to form an empty panel. One of the electrodes was made of a reflective material. The above mixture was enclosed in this empty panel. The transition point between the isotropic phase and the liquid crystal phase of this mixture was 70 ° C. Next, the polymerization temperature is set to 60 ° C., 50 ° C., 40 ° C., 30 ° C., 20 ° C., and 10 ° C., and ultraviolet rays (300 to 400 n) are applied at each temperature.
2 mW / cm2) was irradiated for 20 minutes to produce a display device.

When a rectangular wave of 10 V and 30 Hz was applied at 50 ° C. for 3 hours to the display device thus obtained, and burn-in was examined, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained. That is,
When the temperature at the time of photopolymerization was changed with the temperature from the transition point as a scale, when the polymerization was carried out in the temperature range between the transition point and the temperature 40 degrees lower than the transition point, there was no burn-in of the display or it was slight. I knew it was. In this case, it was found by observation with an electron microscope that the polymer particles in the display element had a length in the major axis direction of 5 μm or more (longer than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer), and polymerized at a temperature of 40 ° C. or less from the transition point. In this case, it was found that the polymer particles in the display element had a length in the major axis direction of at most about 2 μm (shorter than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer). Here, an example is shown in which the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 5 μm, but it is necessary to optimize the polymerization temperature and control the diameter of the particles dispersed in the liquid crystal according to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. .

[0014]

[Table 1]

As the polymer precursor, a photopolymerizable, electron beam polymerizable or thermopolymerizable molecule containing an aromatic ring as shown here, for example, methacrylate, acrylate, epoxy, crotonate, cinnamate, epoxy containing an aromatic ring. A system etc. can also be used. As for the number of polymerizable functional groups, one or more can be used. For example, bifunctional compounds can also be used, the seizure being considerably reduced. A multi-component mixed system can also be used.

Although any liquid crystal can be used, it is desirable that the liquid crystal has a large refractive index anisotropy. Further, here, a dichroic dye was mixed, but the same effect was obtained without mixing.

The chiral component is added to improve the scattering characteristics. When the amount added is small, the shape of the polymer particles becomes long and slender, and as a result, the length in the major axis direction of the particles can be lengthened and the seizure can be reduced, but the scattering characteristics deteriorate. When the amount added is large, the shape of the polymer particles becomes round, and as a result, the length in the major axis direction of the particles becomes short and the seizure becomes large, but the scattering characteristics become good. Therefore, regarding the material and content of the chiral component,
It should be optimized according to other materials used and manufacturing conditions.

With respect to the substrate, at least one of them, including the electrodes, may be transparent. The material is not limited to glass, and may be resin or a soft film. When the electrode used is a reflective display element, double reflection of the display can be prevented by forming the electrode used for the back substrate with a reflective material. MIM element or TF between substrate and electrode
By forming an active element such as a T element, large-capacity display can be performed without burn-in.

Color display is also possible by providing a color filter or a color reflector. By performing non-glare treatment or anti-reflection treatment on the substrate surface of the display element, the display can be made easier to see.

As for the alignment treatment applied to the substrate, the alignment film may be formed and then the rubbing treatment may be performed, or the rubbing treatment may be performed without forming the alignment film. Of course, the alignment treatment may be performed on only one substrate. In addition, it can sufficiently function as a display element without being subjected to orientation treatment.

This embodiment can be similarly applied to a display element in which a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used to perform a vertical alignment treatment on the substrate surface.

With respect to the cell thickness, seizure tends to occur as the cell thickness increases, so it is necessary to optimize the temperature during polymerization, the amount of the polymer precursor, the intensity of ultraviolet rays, etc. in accordance with the cell thickness.

(Embodiment 2) This embodiment shows an example in which image sticking is solved by controlling the amount of the polymer precursor.

The materials, substrates and conditions used are the same as in Example 1. However, 3% by weight, 5% by weight, 7% by weight, 10% by weight of biphenyl methacrylate as a polymer precursor,
Liquid crystal (2.5% by weight of dye and 2.5% by weight of chiral component to BL032) was added to each of 6 levels of 15% by weight and 20% by weight to obtain 100 levels.
% Of these mixtures were encapsulated between two electrodes. This was irradiated with ultraviolet rays at a polymerization temperature of 20 ° C. to prepare a display element.

When a rectangular wave of 10 V and 30 Hz was applied to the display element thus obtained at 50 ° C. for 3 hours, the image sticking was examined.

[0026]

[Table 2]

The following result was obtained. In this way, when the amount of the polymer precursor increases, the generated polymer particles become large and the image sticking in the display state becomes small. On the contrary, when the amount of the polymer precursor is small (5% or less), the generated polymer particles are small, and when it is smaller than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, the display state is easily burned.

As the polymer precursor, in addition to the photopolymerizable or electron beam polymerizable molecule containing an aromatic ring as shown here,
Epoxy-based thermopolymerizable molecules containing aromatic rings can also be used. As for the number of polymerizable functional groups, one or more can be used. For example, bifunctional compounds can also be used, the seizure being considerably reduced. A multi-component mixed system can also be used.

Although any liquid crystal can be used, it is desirable that the liquid crystal have a large refractive index anisotropy. Although the dichroic dye was mixed here, the same effect was obtained without mixing.

The chiral component is included to improve the scattering characteristics. When the amount added is small, the shape of the polymer particles becomes long and slender, and as a result, the length in the major axis direction of the particles can be lengthened and the seizure can be reduced, but the scattering characteristics deteriorate. When the amount added is large, the shape of the polymer particles becomes round, and as a result, the length in the major axis direction of the particles becomes short and the seizure becomes large, but the scattering characteristics become good. Therefore, regarding the material and content of the chiral component,
It should be optimized according to other materials used and manufacturing conditions.

With respect to the substrate, at least one of them including the electrodes may be transparent. The material is not limited to glass, and may be resin or a soft film.

Regarding the alignment treatment applied to the substrate, the alignment film may be formed and then rubbed, or the alignment film may be rubbed without being formed. Of course, the alignment treatment may be performed on only one substrate. Although it can function sufficiently as a display element without orientation treatment, the uniformity of the display surface is deteriorated. This embodiment can be similarly applied to a display device in which a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used to perform vertical alignment processing on the substrate surface.

With respect to the cell thickness, seizure tends to occur as the cell thickness increases. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the temperature during polymerization, the amount of the polymer precursor, the intensity of ultraviolet rays, etc. in accordance with the cell thickness.

Next, the principle of mitigating the burn-in phenomenon according to the second concept of the present invention will be described. This is an extremely simple principle, and as shown in FIG. 3 or 4, the polymer particles dispersed in the liquid crystal are connected to each other to prevent the polymer particles from moving due to the electric field. Hereinafter, a manufacturing method for incorporating this structure will be described.

(Embodiment 3) This embodiment shows an example in which the light intensity used for polymerization is 1 mW / cm 2 or more and light is irradiated from one side. FIG. 3 shows a simple cross-sectional view of the display element in Example 1 of the present invention.

A method of manufacturing the display element will be described. A liquid crystal mixture (MJ92786:
Merck and dichroic dye S-344: Mitsui Toatsu Dye Co., Ltd., and chiral component S-1011: Merck Co. mixed at 97: 2: 1) and polymer precursor biphenyl methacrylate 93. : 7 mixture was encapsulated.
Light intensity of 0.5 mW / cm from one side of the element under manufacturing
2, 1 mW / cm2, 3 mW / cm2, 6 mW / cm
2,10mW / cm2 4 levels of UV light at 50 ℃
It was irradiated with.

A rectangular wave (± 10 V / 1 KHz) was applied to the display element thus manufactured at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes. Table 3 shows the degree of image sticking in the display state at that time. At the same time, the results of examining the structure of polymer particles by an electron microscope are shown. By using the easy manufacturing method of increasing the light intensity in this way, a structure in which the polymer particles are connected to each other can be formed, and as a result, the burn-in of the display state can be solved.

As the liquid crystal used here, any nematic or cholesteric liquid crystal usually used for liquid crystal display elements can be used. It can be similarly applied to the case of using a ferroelectric liquid crystal. As for the chiral component, the image sticking phenomenon becomes less likely to occur as the content is reduced, but the brightness decreases, so it is necessary to add it to some extent. If the chiral component is added too much, the polymer particles become too small and the image sticking becomes severe. Therefore, when S-1011 is used, it should be stopped at about 3% at most. Any chiral component may be used as long as it can twist the orientation of the liquid crystal.
As for the dichroic dye, any color tone or performance may be used depending on the application. The amount to be added may be determined according to the application.

[0039]

[Table 3]

Regarding the polymer precursor used here, 1
Bifunctional or polyfunctional precursors as well as functional ones can be used as well, in which case the connecting structure becomes more prominent and seizure is less likely to occur, but the driving voltage is increased. For the polymerized portion, acrylate, epoxy, crotonate, cinnamate, etc. can be used in addition to methacrylate. Although a photopolymerizable precursor is used here, a thermopolymerizable precursor can be used. The structure of the polymer particles can be controlled by the temperature applied at that time.

The mixing ratio of liquid crystal and polymer is 8:
When the number of polymers is more than 2, the driving voltage becomes higher, and 98: 2
If the amount of polymer is reduced, the contrast decreases and the image sticking phenomenon becomes worse.

As for the alignment treatment of the substrate, the horizontal alignment treatment is used here, but when the liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used, the vertical alignment treatment is preferable.

The substrate used here is a glass substrate provided with a transparent electrode, but one electrode may be a reflective electrode. In addition, either one of the two terminals or three on the substrate
It is also possible to manufacture a large-capacity display body by forming the terminal element. In addition, color display is possible by providing a color filter or a color reflector. By performing non-glare treatment or anti-reflection treatment on the substrate surface of the display element, the display can be made easier to see.

The distance between the substrates is preferably about 2 to 10 μm in the case of the reflective structure, and is preferably about 5 to 20 μm in the case of the transmissive structure.

Regarding the temperature at which the light for polymerization is irradiated, it is desirable that the temperature shows a liquid crystal phase and is as high as possible.

(Embodiment 4) In this embodiment, the case where the light for polymerizing the polymer precursor is irradiated from both sides of the display element is shown. FIG. 4 shows a simple cross-sectional view of the display device of this example. See Example 3 for the substrates, liquid crystals and polymer precursors used. After enclosing the mixture of the liquid crystal and the polymer precursor between the substrates, the same level of ultraviolet light as that shown in Example 3 was irradiated from both sides.

A rectangular wave (± 10 V / 1 KHz) was applied to the display element thus manufactured at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes. The degree of image sticking in the display state at that time is shown in Table 4. At the same time, the results of examining the structure of polymer particles by an electron microscope are shown.

[0048]

[Table 4]

By using the simple manufacturing method of irradiating light from both sides in this way, a structure in which polymer particles are connected to the inside of the device can be built in, and by this, burn-in of the display state can be solved. We were able to.

As shown in Table 4, the ultraviolet intensity is 1 mW /
Even if it is less than or equal to cm 2, the burn-in is alleviated by irradiating both sides.

Materials, manufacturing conditions, and applications for manufacturing the display element are the same as those in the third embodiment.

(Embodiment 5) This embodiment shows an example in which the image sticking phenomenon is alleviated by the heat treatment. As the liquid crystal, a mixture of TL202 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc. and BL007 at 7: 3 was used. Biphenyl methacrylate was used as a polymer precursor, and mixed in an amount of 10% by weight with respect to 90% by weight of the liquid crystal. This was enclosed in the empty panel shown in Example 1 and the like, and irradiated with ultraviolet rays having an intensity of 2 mW / cm 2 and a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm for 10 minutes.

Following this, heat treatment was carried out in an oven at 50 ° C. for 50 hours to obtain a display element.

The electro-optical characteristics of this display element as a transmission type were measured under the following conditions. Parallel light was vertically incident on the display element, and transmitted light was detected by a photomultiplier tube. The light transmittance when the voltage is off is defined as T100, the minimum transmittance when an electric field is applied is defined as T0, and the contrast is defined as T100 / T0. Also, the hysteresis width changes by 50% when the voltage increases and when the voltage drops. Table 5 shows the characteristics when defined as the voltage difference at the time. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the image sticking phenomenon, a rectangular wave of 10 V and 1 kHz at 50 ° C. was applied for 20 times.
The characteristics after application for 0 hours are also shown in Table 5. According to this, it can be seen that there is almost no change in the characteristics. That is, the image sticking phenomenon is greatly alleviated as compared with the conventional example described later. Also, it can be seen that the hysteresis is also reduced.

As the liquid crystal and polymer precursor used here, the materials of the above-mentioned examples can be used as they are. Although not added here, the chiral component and dichroic dye shown in the previous examples may be added. Alternatively, the electrodes may be formed of a reflective material to form a reflective display element. Aluminum, chromium, etc. can be used as this reflective material. ITO or the like can be used as the transparent electrode. Of course, it is also possible to combine with an active element, a color filter, a non-glare treatment, and an antireflection treatment.

The heating temperature in the heat treatment is preferably a region in which the liquid crystal in the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal exhibits an alignment state, and more preferably TL (= when the transition temperature between the nematic phase and the isotropic phase is TNI. TNI-50) to TH (=
The range of TNI-5) is good.

The heating time in the heat treatment varies depending on the temperature and the material used, and if it is 1 hour to a long time, several hundred hours are required.

[0058]

[Table 5]

(Embodiment 6) This embodiment shows an example in which the heat treatment temperature is 70 ° C. and the heating time is 5 hours. As the display element, the one before the heat treatment shown in Example 5 was used. Table 6 shows the characteristics after heating in an oven at 70 ° C. for 5 hours and the characteristics after applying an electric field and heat for evaluating the image sticking phenomenon for 200 hours.

[0060]

[Table 6]

According to this, it can be seen that there is almost no change in the characteristics. That is, the burn-in phenomenon and the hysteresis phenomenon are significantly alleviated as compared with the conventional example described later.

(Conventional Example) A display element was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the heat treatment was not performed after the irradiation of ultraviolet rays. The characteristics of this display element were measured in the same manner as in Example 5 (Table 7).

[0063]

[Table 7]

It can be seen that the change in T100 before and after energization is large and the image sticking phenomenon is remarkable. It can also be seen that the hysteresis is large when the heat treatment is not performed.

(Embodiment 7) This embodiment shows an example in which the image sticking phenomenon is alleviated by the heat treatment.

Here, the following four types of samples were subjected to heat treatment and their effects were examined.

[0067]

[Table 8]

When the above samples were allowed to stand at 50 ° C. for 50 hours and evaluated for the image sticking phenomenon in the previous example, all of the samples were observed to alleviate the image sticking phenomenon.

The heating temperature in the heat treatment is preferably a region in which the liquid crystal in the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal exhibits an alignment state, and more preferably, when the transition temperature of the nematic phase-isotropic phase is TNI, TL (= TNI-50) to TH (=
The range of TNI-5) is good.

The heating time in the heat treatment varies depending on the temperature and the material used, and if it is from 1 hour to a long time, several hundred hours are required.

(Embodiment 8) In this embodiment, an example in which the heat treatment temperature is 70 ° C. and the treatment time is 5 hours in Embodiment 7 is shown. The alleviation of the image sticking phenomenon was observed in all the samples.

By thus setting the heat treatment temperature at a high temperature, the treatment time can be greatly shortened.

Although the embodiments have been described above, the present invention can be widely applied not only as a reverse PDLC but also as a countermeasure against burn-in and a hysteresis of a particle dispersion type liquid crystal display element.

[0074]

As described above, according to the present invention, in the display device in which the liquid crystal and the particles are dispersed, the size of the particles is regulated, the polymer particles are connected to each other, and the heat treatment is performed. As a result, it has become possible to manufacture a display element with extremely little image sticking and hysteresis.
This has made it possible to easily manufacture highly reliable reflective displays and light valves for projectors.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a display element in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention. (A) is a sectional view of the display element when an electric field is applied, and (B) is a sectional view of the display element after the electric field is removed.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional display element. (A) is a sectional view of the display element when an electric field is applied, and (B) is a sectional view of the display element after the electric field is removed.

FIG. 3 shows a simple cross-sectional view of a display device of Example 3.

FIG. 4 shows a simple cross-sectional view of a display device of Example 4.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Substrate 2 Electrode 3 Alignment Layer 4 Liquid Crystal 5 Particles 6 Alignment Layer 7 Electrode 8 Substrate 9 Dye

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Hidehito Iizaka 3-3-5 Yamato, Suwa City, Nagano Seiko Epson Corporation

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. In a display device in which a liquid crystal and particles are oriented and dispersed with respect to each other between two substrates on which electrodes may be formed, the diameter of the particles or the diameter of the particles in the major axis direction corresponds to the electric field direction of the liquid crystal layer. A display element characterized by being longer than the thickness of. 2. A method of manufacturing a display device, in which liquid crystal and polymer particles are oriented and dispersed with respect to each other between two substrates on which electrodes may be formed, and a mixture of the liquid crystal and polymer precursor is used for the two electrodes. A method for producing a display element, wherein the concentration of the polymer precursor is set to 5% by weight or more when sealed in between. 3. A method of manufacturing a display device, wherein liquid crystal and polymer particles are oriented and dispersed to each other between two substrates on which electrodes may be formed, and a mixture of the liquid crystal and polymer precursor is used for the two substrates. The polymer precursor is polymerized by setting the temperature at the time of polymerization between the transition temperature between the isotropic phase of the liquid crystal and the polymer precursor and the liquid crystal phase and a temperature 40 degrees lower than the transition temperature. A method of manufacturing a display element, comprising: 4. The method of manufacturing a display element according to claim 2, wherein the polymer precursor is polymerized by light such as visible light, ultraviolet light, an electron beam, or heat. 5. In a display device in which liquid crystal and polymer particles are oriented and dispersed with each other between two substrates on which electrodes may be formed, at least one polymer particle near the surface of the substrate is connected to each other. A display device characterized by having a structure. 6. A polymer precursor is prepared by mixing a liquid crystal and a polymer precursor, and enclosing the mixture between two substrates which may have electrodes, and externally applying a light or electron beam stimulus necessary for polymerization. In a method of manufacturing a display device in which a structure in which liquid crystals and polymer particles are aligned and dispersed by polymerizing
A method for manufacturing a display element, which comprises irradiating with the light or electron beam having an intensity of / cm 2 or more to polymerize a polymer precursor. 7. A polymer precursor is prepared by mixing a liquid crystal and a polymer precursor and enclosing the mixture between two substrates which may have electrodes, and externally applying a light or electron beam stimulus necessary for polymerization. In the method for producing a display element in which a structure in which liquid crystal and polymer particles are aligned and dispersed with each other is polymerized to polymerize a polymer precursor by irradiating the display element with the light or electron beam from both sides. And a method of manufacturing a display element. 8. A polymer precursor prepared by mixing a liquid crystal and a polymer precursor, enclosing the mixture between two substrates on which electrodes may be formed, and irradiating with light or an electron beam necessary for polymerization from the outside. In a method of manufacturing a display device in which a structure in which liquid crystal and polymer particles are aligned and dispersed with each other is polymerized to polymerize the polymer precursor in the liquid crystal in an aligned state, heat treatment is performed. And a method of manufacturing a display element.