JPH0751664A - Surface activating means for water by immersion type perforated double cylinder container housing tourmaline carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To remarkably enhance the surface activating effect and to make the size small and handling easy by constituting a surface activating means from an immersion type perforated double container which house carriers carrying fine powder of specific tourmaline and having a prescribed DC electric resistance value, allow the passage of water from the inside and outside cylinders thereof but prohibit the outflow of the carriers. CONSTITUTION:This surface activating means for water is constituted of the perforated double cylinder containers 20 which house the carriers 10 carrying the fine powder of tourmaline of about 0.3 to 5 micron, more particularly about 0.5 to 3 micron diameter and having about 10<4> to 10<8>OMEGA.cm, more particularly about 10<5> to 10<7>OMEGA.cm DC electric resistance value thereof and allow the passage of the water from the inside and outside cylinders 22, 21 thereof bit prohibit the outflow of the carrier 10. As a result, the degradation in water permeability of the surface activating device is prevented by adopting the double cylinders to make the layers extremely thin without decreasing the amt. of the tourmaline carriers 10 to be used. The water entering from the pores 22a, 21a of the insie and outside cylinders 22, 21 easily pass the thin layers of the tourmaline carriers 12 and extremely easily comes into contact with the carriers 12.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to tourmaline products, and more particularly to tourmaline carrier using tourmaline fine powder. In particular, the present invention relates to an immersion type water surface activating means in which the tourmaline carrier is housed in a perforated double cylinder container.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In 1988, the inventors of the present application filed a pair of electrodes such as tourmaline crystals, which hold electrodes by themselves without supplying electric energy from the outside. Found to have. this is,
It is just like a permanent magnetic pole in a magnet. It is difficult to know the properties of this electrode by measurement or the like in a crystal body of a normal size. The inventor of the present application was able to prove this by conducting some experiments using fine crystals crushed to a size of about 3 microns.

Therefore, regarding this, a patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 1-25
7130) while the details are available in the journal "Solid State Physics" (198
9, Vol.24, 12), and then published at several academic conferences and journals, including the Physical Society of Japan. Since then, the theory has been confirmed by experiments by researchers at national universities and research institutes. In addition, products that apply the properties of tourmaline are already expanding in various fields. Furthermore, various patent applications related to this have been filed. The main ones are
Japanese Patent Application No. 2-46449, Japanese Patent Application No. 4-122925, Japanese Patent Application No. 5-36234 and the like.

The name "permanent electrode" is a coined word of the inventor of the present invention, which corresponds to a permanent magnetic pole in a magnet. That is,
Since there is no other suitable term for explaining this phenomenon, it is expressed as such and its technical content is defined in this specification.

However, in 1925, before the discovery of this property of tourmaline by the inventor of the present application in 1988, O.
HEAVSIDE and Dr. Eguchi of Japan, etc. melted and mixed a certain wax and resin, gradually cooled and solidified in a high DC electric field to remove the electric field, and then an electrostatic charge remained on the surface and inside of this wax. It was discovered that this residual charge can be retained for a long time when the environmental conditions are good. This is called an electret, which corresponds to a permanent magnet in magnetism.

Since then, many organic and inorganic dielectric materials that can be used as electrets have been found and many researches and applications have been made. These materials must have a value of electric resistance of 10 ¹² Ω · cm or more. This is because positive and negative charges are neutralized and attenuated over time. In order to create this electret, heat is applied to a certain dielectric material to free the ions or dipoles inside the material, and an external direct current electric field is applied to this to cause ion migration or dipole orientation. It is then made by cooling and solidifying to keep the dielectric material in its polarized state. In addition to heating, it is also possible to produce an electret by irradiating light or radiation to produce polarized states in which electrons and holes are generated instead of ions or dipoles.

When the inventor of the present application first discovered the phenomenon of the permanent electrode, he misunderstood that this was the electret. A typical example of this is shown in his patent application, Sho 63-222559. However, subsequent studies have revealed that the electric polarization and the formation mechanism of tourmaline electrodes in such electrets and their mechanisms are completely different. The main points are listed below.

A. Tourmaline electrodes were not created by externally applying an electric field. b. Tourmaline electrodes are not affected by external electric fields at room temperature. c. Also, it is not affected by atmospheric temperature or water and does not decay. Even in water, electrolysis occurs although it is weak to water. At this time, hydrogen gas is generated to generate an electric current. This phenomenon has been demonstrated to be an electrode and not an electric polarization in electrode decomposition. d. Iron tourmaline electrodes, which are typical of tourmaline,
It disappears when kept at a high temperature between approximately 950 ℃ and 1000 ℃. This temperature indicates the strength of the energy holding the tourmaline electrode.

E. Most electrets have an electrical resistance of 10 ¹² Ω · cm or more. Unless it has such a high electric resistance value, the electret, which is an electric polarization phenomenon in the dielectric, is easily electrically neutralized and disappears. On the other hand, the electric resistance value of tourmaline crystals is approximately 10 ¹⁰ Ω · cm to 10 ¹¹ Ω · cm, which is lower than that of the substance forming the electret by two digits or more.
Nevertheless, even at a high temperature of 900 ° C to 1000 ° C, the properties of the electrode are not lost. In addition, when water is electrolyzed at a voltage below the electrolytic pressure, the generation of hydrogen gas is detected, indicating the existence of what can be called an electrode instead of electrical polarization.

Considering the above facts, tourmaline is suitable for the name of electret.
Tourmaline can be called permanent electret. However, since the name of electret is already used as a general name for other substances today, it is necessary to call it with another name in order to avoid confusion and confusion about the name. It is not unnatural to use the word "Electrode" from the viewpoint that the electrode of tourmaline electrolyzes the electrolyte aqueous solution or electrodeposits the metal ions of the metal salt aqueous solution, and it is confused with the electret. It doesn't happen.

Therefore, the action of the tourmaline electrode and its mechanism will be described. First, the tourmaline crystal is an ionic crystal, and the lattice points of the crystal are deviated from the original positions. It is not known at this stage whether this shift is caused by an external cause or an internal cause in the process of crystal formation.

It is not unnatural that the tourmaline is a polar crystal having a spontaneous strain (residual) in the crystal structure, and a potential difference is generated from the beginning in the direction of a certain crystal axis and is fixed. (See FIG. 4. In FIG. 4, a is the amount of electric charge charged by pressure (strain), b is the spontaneous charge corresponding to the spontaneous strain (the intensity of the electrode minus the voltage), and c is the spontaneous strain. Where d is the strain due to pressure,
d'is the magnitude of distortion corresponding to a. f represents the direction of strain). It is also understandable that this potential difference does not disappear unless the initial spontaneous strain that causes the potential difference is removed by heating.

This potential difference existing inside the tourmaline transports electrons, which are charge carriers, along the potential difference,
The transported electrons are sequentially stored from one end of the crystal where the transport ends. When the tourmaline crystal is subjected to external or internal stress, the crystal lattice is distorted in a certain direction, and charges are generated at the ends of the crystal in this direction. So-called piezoelectricity. At this time, even if the stress is removed, the strain does not return to the original state, and “residual strain” remains. The electric charge corresponding to this residual strain creates a potential difference. This potential difference causes a driving force for transporting electrons, and both ends form two electrodes, an anode and a cathode.

Since the electrons have the same negative charge, they cannot repel each other and have a certain density or more, and between the end of the crystal axis where the electron transport starts and the end where the transport ends. Therefore, its density increases, and the electron density at the end edge becomes constant. In this way, the difference in electron density stored along a particular crystal axis across a crystal creates a potential difference (voltage) across the crystal. The end portion of the crystal having a high electron density forms a cathode electrode, and the opposite end portion becomes an anode electrode (see FIG. 5, where e is an electron).

The tourmaline electrode produced in such a process retains its electrode strength by releasing electrons into the existing reaction system and by taking in the lost electrons. In addition, this electrode creates an electric field outside. This means that there is a pair of electrodes at both ends of this tourmaline. Energy of various electrode reactions exhibited by this electrode is not supplied from the outside of the tourmaline.
This energy is the energy of the strain (spontaneous strain) (elastic energy) stored inside the tourmaline itself as described above.
And, in the case of iron tourmaline (squall), it disappears only when heated to about 950 ℃ ~ 1000 ℃ This mechanism is completely different, but similar to the existence of the temperature (Curie temperature) at which the magnetic pole of the magnet disappears. is doing.

At room temperature, no change occurs even if an external electric field is applied. It has the property of being called a permanent electrode. This energy is created and stored by the spontaneous strain of the tourmaline crystal lattice. And
The replenishment of energy for transporting electrons, which are charge carriers, in the crystal is performed by the energy of thermal vibration, which has lattice vibration at a finite temperature, which is no longer symmetric due to lattice distortion.

Here, the carrier of fine crystals of tourmaline will be described. In the case where the tourmaline ore is put into practical use by using the above-described basic technology and applied technology relating to tourmaline, the tourmaline ore can be pulverized and used as powder, granules, or lumps. However, in order to increase the effect and facilitate handling, it is often convenient to use a carrier made by mixing and molding a substance other than tourmaline and a fine powder tourmaline. The size of tourmaline crystals used at this time is generally between a few microns and 0.5 microns. Such an effect that one fine crystal electrode on the surface portion of the carrier supporting fine tourmaline crystals contributes to the electrode reaction is small. However, the number of tourmaline electrodes on the surface of the carrier is enormous. The substance to be reacted in the electrode reaction system produces an effective action with this enormous number of fine electrodes.

The carrier for dispersing and fixing the fine tourmaline must have certain conditions. There are two functions of the electrode in the electrode reaction carried out by the carrier carrying the tourmaline having the electrode. One of them is the function of supplying (cathode) and receiving (anode) electrons in the reaction. The other is in the reaction system,
The function is to provide the interface between the substance (liquid, gas, solid) and the supported tourmaline electrode as a reaction field to increase the reaction energy efficiency and improve the target reaction selectivity.

A As shown in FIG. 6, however, both of the pair of electrodes of the tourmaline fine crystal 1 are rarely exposed on the surface of the carrier 2. There is only a probability that one of the positive and negative electrodes is on the surface. Moreover, the surface of the electrode on the surface layer is also covered with the substance forming the carrier 2. However, the thickness varies. In the system in which the carrier 2 is present using such tourmaline carrier, electrons are supplied from the cathode electrode to the substance to be reacted, and after the electrode reaction occurs, the electrons are received by the anode electrode. Immediately after that, it is transported in the crystal 1 and replenished to the cathode electrode again. In summary, the electron, which is a charge carrier, is supplied (cathode) → electrode reaction (material in system) → received (anode) → transported (in crystal) →
By creating a circulating electron flow in the manner of replenishment (cathode), the electrode energy is maintained without decay.

B In the above-mentioned electron flow path, the substance carrying the tourmaline electrode exists between the substance in the reaction system and the interface between the two electrodes. Most of the carrier 2 electrically belongs to an insulator. If the electric resistance value of the carrier 2 is larger than the electric insulation resistance value of tourmaline (approximately 5 × 10 ¹⁰ Ω · cm), it is difficult to transport electrons and, as a result, an electrode reaction occurs. There is no. That is, it is in an electrically insulated state.

In conclusion, the sum of the electric resistance values of the carrier 2 between the two electrodes of the individual tourmaline and the substances in the reaction system is the sum of the electric resistance values of the supported tourmaline 1 on the route. It is necessary for the electrode reaction to be sufficiently smaller than the value of electric resistance (a partially enlarged side sectional view of the tourmaline carrier shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 and the electric current of FIG. 8 shown in FIG. 9). Please refer to the electric circuit side view for explaining the flow.
In this case, the electric circuits L1 and L2 in the carrier 2 and the substance 3 in the electric reaction system form the crystal 1 of tourmaline fine powder. Then, FIG. 8 shows that the circuit in the carrier 2 has electric resistances R1 and R2). If the average particle size of tourmaline is 3 microns, the distance between the electrodes is also assumed to be 3 microns. The value of the electric resistance in the length direction of tourmaline 1 is (5 × 10 ¹⁰ Ω · cm) × (3 × 10 ⁻⁴ Ω ·
cm) = 1.5 × 10 ⁷ Ω · cm (this is calculated assuming that the volume electric resistance value of tourmaline crystal is 5 × 10 ¹⁰ Ω · cm).

On the other hand, when the electric resistance value of the substance forming the carrier 2 is αΩ · cm, the length occupied by the carrier substance between the two electrodes of the tourmaline and the substance in the system is Let l be the total. In order for the electrons to be transferred over the distance corresponding to l, the value of α × lΩ · cm must be sufficiently smaller than the value of the electric resistance (10 ⁷ Ω · cm) of each tourmaline 1. Assuming that l is 10 cm (10 microns), α will be 10 ⁷ / l = 10 ¹⁰ Ω · cm. Assuming that the carrier 2 showing a value of electric resistance in the range of 100 to 1 / 10,000, which is sufficiently smaller than this value, is about 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁸ when it is assumed to be appropriate. This value also changes depending on the size of the particle size of tourmaline in the carrier and the amount of tourmaline carried. Actually, a tourmaline carrier is prepared and its electrode strength is judged by measuring a relative value by a certain method.

Further, the conditions required by the tourmaline carrier will be described. a. The tourmaline carrier must have a suitable DC electrical insulation. A substance having good electric conductivity such as a metal does not become a carrier. In this case, the existence of the electrode itself disappears. b. The tourmaline carrier must have an appropriate electric resistance value. The reason is that when it is supported on a substance having a value of electric resistance of tourmaline crystal (generally 10 ¹⁰ to 10 ¹¹ Ω · cm) or more, it becomes a target of the reaction between the cathode and the anode of the tourmaline fine electrode. Due to the existence of this high resistance substance between the substance of the system and the electrode,
Since there is almost no electron flow (transport) between the electrodes in the reaction system, the tourmaline electrode loses its function. However, the value of the electric resistance does not mean only the value of the electric resistance peculiar to the solid substance forming the carrier. When this solid substance is made up of a mixture of a plurality of types instead of one type, it means the electric resistance value shown as the whole of the mixture.

When two or more kinds of ceramics having different dielectric constants are mixed with tourmaline powder, granulated and fired, the electric resistance value of each ceramic is higher than that of tourmaline. Even with a high material, the grain boundaries may serve as electron transport paths depending on the electrical properties of the grain boundaries. For example, if the electric resistance of the grain boundary is sufficiently small, or "the existence of the grain boundary and the electrode surface, which have different dielectric constants, causes a potential difference along the grain boundary" (Takagi theory), It may also create a driving force to transport

A) In the tourmaline carrier, the size and amount of tourmaline powder to be used are determined by considering the following conditions. The hardness of tourmaline is about 7.5 in Mohs hardness. Those having a hardness of this degree are finely pulverized by a dry pulverization method.
The economical grain size limit is up to an average grain size of about 3 microns. If it is less than that, crushing cost is significantly increased because it is classified or wet crushed.

C) Measurement of the strength of electrode action of tourmaline ore and powder materials and various types of supported materials The presence or absence of the electrode activity of tourmaline ore and various types of supported materials, and further to know their strength Is important. If this is not possible, it is not possible to know the strength of the electrode of the raw ore, and it is also not possible to distinguish between the types of tourmaline and the electrode strength of the tourmaline carrier. It is necessary for developing, manufacturing, inspecting and managing products by knowing the effects and performance of various applied products using tourmaline.

Next, the measuring method will be described. Innumerable tourmaline electrodes have an electrode reaction with substances in the reaction system. In an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid adjusted to pH 3.0, tourmaline fine electrodes electrolyze this. Of the resulting ion species, H ⁺ ions are easily H ₂ (hydrogen gas).
And is lost from the aqueous solution. When the H ⁺ ion becomes H, the pH value representing the concentration of hydrogen ion increases from 3.0. Cl ^- ion is Cl ^{2 at} pH 3
And HOCl, and few are in the ionic state. In addition, the decrease in the ionic species causes a decrease in the specific electric conductivity.
The logarithmic value of the pH value or the specific electric conductivity (25 ° C.) is temporally measured and displayed as a graph.

As shown in FIG. 7, the "pH value" and the "change in the logarithmic value of the specific electric conductivity" are represented by two straight lines. Starting from the electrode (cathode) of the tourmaline 1, it is divided into a stage A in which electrons are emitted like an avalanche and a flow B of electrons flowing at a constant velocity. The gradient of A is at random, but the gradient of B is constant.
This B slope is due to the electrons supplied at the cathode
It is proportional to the rate at which H ⁺ ions are neutralized. It can be considered that the increasing speed and the decreasing speed of the pH value or the logarithmic value of the specific conductivity at time 0 when the extension line of B and the vertical axis intersect are proportional to the strength of the electrode reaction. The magnitude of this change is used as a value for relative comparison of electrode strengths.

Although the electrode of this tourmaline can be used in many practical fields, fine electrodes of tourmaline are used, and water is applied at an electrolytic pressure (theoretical about 0.7 V) or less. Water with surface activity can be created by electrolyzing with voltage. Therefore, the carrier that carries the fine powder of tourmaline is formed into a shape that does not lose its shape with a large contact area with water that is provided with a large number of particles, irregularities and perforations,
Water was passed through these gaps and placed in a container in which these carriers and the like did not flow out, and a device was created in which the water passing through the container was surface-activated. One application example is May 1993.
“Adapter and cartridge containing tourmaline carrier for mounting on shower” filed on 28th March (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-14
8253).

[0030]

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention A container containing a tourmaline carrier is immersed in water, and especially when water is not forced to flow, the surface activity produced in water is small with respect to the amount of water.
However, when the number of circulations of the immersed water is extremely large and contact between the tourmaline carrier and water occurs frequently and repeatedly, and when this action time is long, the surface activity created in this water is increased. Sex has sufficient strength.

The best example of this is to create surface activity in the tower water (cooling water) of cooling towers that are widely used in buildings, factories, etc., and to cool the inner surface of the cooling tower, the surface of the packing, and the inner surface of the pipe. It is used when removing and cleaning the scale. For this purpose, the container containing the electric carrier is immersed in the water at the bottom of the cooling tower. The amount of water always stored in the tower is about 2 to 10 tons for a freezing ton of about 200 tons, although it depends on the installation conditions of the cooling tower. 1 operating hour of cooling tower
If the average daily time is 8 to 10 hours,
A large number of cycles of up to 300 times are performed. Water at the bottom of the cooling tower is also replaced, and the tourmaline carrier that is immersed in the water will make contact with water and will continue to produce surface activity in water. The surface-active action consumed for cleaning the inner surface of the cooling tower is constantly created and compensated.

For the purpose of cleaning and maintaining the cooling tower without using chemicals harmful to the human body or the environment, attempts have been made to use magnets and electrodes called an electromagnetic system.
In any case, the effect is weak, the equipment is large because the equipment is connected to the middle of the circulation pipe, and the construction is also required, so the equipment cost is expensive and unusable. This immersion type container is cheaper than this, and the installation is also piping,
No electrical work required. In addition, the number of uses can be easily increased or decreased, and the size of the cooling tower and usage conditions can be easily adjusted.

However, since the bottom of the cooling tower in which it is installed is limited in size, it is necessary that this container for immersion does not take up much space. This double ring structure was required, the quantity used was drastically reduced, and a cooling tower that could be sufficiently used was required.

Thus, the conventional means for activating the surface of fine tourmaline powder water is the invention of the "permanent electrode carrier using tourmaline" (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-175951) made by the present inventor. It is not understood that it is a "supported material" until now, and what is mixed with tourmaline fine powder is simply a "mixture" of tourmaline fine powder.
And I thought it was an "electrical insulator". However, as a result of various experiments, it was found that the substance used therein had specific restrictions, and when it was studied, the conditions thereof were found and it was the carrier defined in the present specification, which was applied. Is the present invention. Therefore, the conditions of the substance mixed with the tourmaline fine powder were required.

[0035]

In view of the above problems, the direct current electrical resistance value of the means for interfacial activation of water by the immersion type perforated double cylinder container accommodating the tourmaline carrier according to the present invention is considered. Was about 10 ⁴ Ω · cm to 10 ⁸ Ω · cm, and a dipping-type multi-perforated double-cylindrical container containing a tourmaline carrier carrying a carrier carrying fine tourmaline powder was prepared.

The specific constitution of the interface activating means for water by the immersion type perforated double cylinder container accommodating the tourmaline carrier according to the present invention will be described in detail below. First, the configuration of the invention described in claim 1 of the present invention will be described. This is first
There is tourmaline fine powder. This tourmaline fine powder has a diameter
It is about 0.3 to 5 microns, especially about 0.5 to 3 microns. Next, there is a support. This carrier supports the above tourmaline fine powder, and has a DC electric resistance value of about 10 ⁴ Ω · cm to 10 ⁸ Ω · cm. Finally, there is a perforated double cylinder container. This porous double-tube container accommodates the above-mentioned carrier, and allows water from the inner and outer cylinders to pass through but does not wash off the above-mentioned carrier.

Next, the structure of the invention described in claim 2 of the means for activating the surface of water by the submerged porous double cylinder container accommodating the tourmaline carrier according to the present invention will be described. The present invention has the same configuration as the invention of claim 1 except for the following points. Therefore, from the whole sentence of the description of the configuration of the invention of claim 1 mentioned above, the following points are excluded and cited, and the following description of the configuration is added thereto. The difference is
It is in the carrier. This carrier is formed by mixing a plurality of substances, and the value of the DC electric resistance is the value of the DC electric resistance of the plurality of substances as a whole.

Finally, the construction of the invention described in claim 3 of the means for activating the surface of water by the submerged perforated double cylinder container accommodating the tourmaline carrier according to the present invention will be described. The present invention has the same configuration as the invention of claim 1 except for the following points. Therefore, from the whole sentence of the description of the configuration of the invention of claim 1 above, the following points are excluded and cited, and the following description of the configuration is added thereto. The difference is also the carrier. This carrier is a carrier having an electron transporting property of transporting electrons by the grain boundary of the ceramic crystal grains having different dielectric constants which compose the carrier.

[0039]

The surface activating means for water by the submerged perforated double cylinder container accommodating the tourmaline carrier according to the present invention has the following effects because it has the above-mentioned configuration. First, the operation of the invention described in claim 1 of the present invention will be described. In this, firstly, the carrier carries tourmaline fine powder. The value of the DC electric resistance of this carrier is 1
Since it is about 0 ⁴ Ω · cm to 10 ⁸ Ω · cm, an electric current is generated to the outside of the supported material. Finally, the perforated double cylinder container
The above-mentioned carrier is stored and water is passed through, but the above-mentioned carrier is not washed away. In particular, this double cylinder enhances the contact action with water flow and improves the surface activation effect of water described later.

Next, the function of the invention described in claim 2 of the means for activating the surface of water by the submerged perforated double cylinder container accommodating the tourmaline carrier according to the present invention will be described. This invention is the same as the operation of the invention of claim 1 except for the following points. Therefore, the following points are excluded from the whole sentence of the explanation of the operation of the invention of claim 1 above, and the following explanation of the action is added thereto. The difference is
It is in the carrier. This carrier is formed by mixing a plurality of substances, and the value of the direct current electric resistance is the value of the direct current electric resistance of the plurality of substances as a whole, so that the same effect as in claim 1 occurs.

Finally, the function of the invention described in claim 3 of the means for activating the surface of water by the submerged perforated double cylinder container accommodating the tourmaline carrier according to the present invention will be described. This invention is the same as the operation of the invention of claim 1 except for the following points. Therefore, from the whole sentence of the explanation of the operation of the invention of claim 1 above, the following points are excluded from the full text, and the following explanation of the operation is added thereto. The difference is also the carrier. The carrier is a substance having an electron transporting property of transporting electrons by the grain boundary depending on the electrical property of the grain boundary of the ceramic crystal grains having different dielectric constants which compose the carrier. Similar effects occur.

[0042]

EXAMPLES The following is a method for immersing a tourmaline water-immersed tourmaline material in a perforated tourmaline carrier containing tourmaline stored in a perforated tourmaline double-container container according to the present invention. It will be described in detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings by way of example. Figure 1
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a submerged perforated double cylinder container accommodating a tourmaline carrier according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of that of FIG. Figure 3
FIG. 2 is an enlarged front sectional view of one grain of the granular carrier of FIG. 1.

First, the granular tourmaline fine powder carrier 1
There is 0. This granular tourmaline fine powder carrier 10 comprises tourmaline fine powder 11 and carrier 12 of this tourmaline fine powder 11.
It consists of and. This tourmaline fine powder 11 has a diameter of 0.3 to 5
It is about one micron, especially about 0.5 to 3 microns.
The carrier 12 made of ceramic carries the tourmaline fine powder 11 and has a DC electric resistance value of about 10 ⁴ Ω · cm to 10 ⁸ Ω · cm. Finally, there is a perforated double cylinder container 20. This porous double cylinder container 20 is one in which an aggregate of the above-mentioned granular tourmaline fine powder-carried material 10 is filled and stored, and water is removed by the gaps between the numerous small holes inside and outside the cylinder and the granular material. Although it is passed, the above-described granular tourmaline fine powder-carried material 10 is not washed away.

Thus, the above tourmaline fine powder-supported material 10
It is preferable that the material has a large contact area with water, which is provided with a large number of particles, unevenness and perforations, and does not lose its shape. The carrier 12 may be a mixture of a plurality of substances. However, in this case, the value of the direct current electric resistance is 10 ⁴ Ω · cm −1 as a whole of the plurality of substances.
It must be about 0 ⁸ Ω · cm.

As described above, it is structurally important that the water in the container is replaced with the container when the surrounding water is replaced with another water. It is better to make it with a small number of continuous water channels. Further, although there are various shapes of the carrier, such as a granular shape and a surface shape, it is preferable that the contact area with water is increased and the resistance of water easily flows inside the container with a small resistance.

On the other hand, the appearance of the perforated double-walled cylindrical container 20 is similar to the front view shown in FIG. 10 and the side view shown in FIG. 11, but its structure is the front sectional view shown in FIG. As shown in the side cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 2, a thin inner cylinder 22 is contained in a thick outer cylinder 21, one end of which is closed by a side wall 23, and a lid 24 covers the other end. It is like this. Each of these is provided with a large number of small holes 21a, 22a, 23a, 24a, which allow water to pass through but prevent the granular tourmaline fine powder carrier 10 from being washed away. It should be noted that FIG. 2 also shows the storage state of the above-described granular tourmaline fine powder-carrying material 10 so that the state of the double cylinder becomes clear. 25 is
It is a handle.

[0047]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION The means for activating the surface of water by the submerged perforated double cylinder container accommodating the tourmaline carrier according to the present invention has the following great effects because of the above-mentioned effects. That is, by making the deterioration of water permeability in the case of a large tourmaline-based surface active device into a double cylinder, the layer can be made very thin without reducing the amount of tourmaline carrier used for it. It was This allows water that has entered the layer of tourmaline support from the pores of the inner tube to easily pass through the thin layer of tourmaline support and out of the pores of the outer tube, or vice versa. Or even by repeating both,
Water was able to contact the tourmaline carrier very easily, and its surface-active effect was greatly enhanced.

The double-tube type container and the single container are basically the same, and the difference is that the double structure makes the efficiency nearly twice as high as the single container. Therefore, the amount of the carrier to be used becomes almost half. Therefore, the means can be miniaturized,
It is suitable for narrow places such as the bottom of cooling tower water. Moreover, it is easy to handle because it does not require any plumbing work because it is simply placed in water.

Since this means is simply allowed to stand in water, the contact between the carrier and water is only by the movement of water. In the case of a cooling tower, the total amount of water held in the tower is 2 to 10 tons (differs depending on the length of the piping of the load) in the case of about 200 tons of frozen tons, but the circulating water amount is 2 to 3 tons / minute, which is extremely large per hour. Ten
It is 0 to 200 tons, and 1000 is assumed to operate for 10 hours a day.
~ 2000 tons / day. The amount of water held in the tower circulates 200 to 500 times. Therefore, the water that is in contact with the stationary carrier container is also in frequent alternating contact. By using a double container, a large effect can be obtained with a small amount of supported material, especially without forced water passage as in a water passage tool.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a submerged perforated double cylinder container accommodating a tourmaline carrier according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the one shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged front sectional view showing one grain of the granular carrier shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a table showing the relationship between “shift” of grid points of tourmaline and permanent electrodes.

FIG. 5 is a chart showing a permanent electrode of tourmaline and high electron density.

FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged side sectional view of a tourmaline carrier according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a table showing the relationship between logarithmic value of specific conductivity and time in a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (pH 3) of a permanent electrode of tourmaline.

FIG. 8 shows a circuit diagram in which a current from a permanent electrode of tourmaline flows through its carrier.

FIG. 9 is an electric circuit diagram for explaining the current flow of the one shown in FIG.

10 is a front view of that of FIG. 1. FIG.

11 is a reduced cross-sectional side view of that of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Granular tourmaline fine powder carrier 11 Tourmaline fine powder 12 carrier 20 Perforated double cylinder container 21 Outer cylinder 22 Medium cylinder 23 Side wall 24 Lid 21a, 22a, 23a, 24a Small hole

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location C02F 1/68 520 K 9045-4D

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A tourmaline fine powder having a diameter of about 0.3 to 5 μm, particularly 0.5 to 3 μm, which carries the tourmaline fine powder, and its DC electric resistance (volume resistance).
The same shall apply hereinafter) having a value of about 10 ⁴ Ω · cm to 10 ⁸ Ω · cm, particularly about 10 ⁵ Ω · cm to 10 ⁷ Ω · cm, from the inner and outer cylinders containing the loaded material. Is a perforated double cylinder container that allows water to pass through but does not wash away the above-mentioned carrier, and a means for activating the surface of water by an immersion type perforated double cylinder container containing a tourmaline carrier. 2. A tourmaline fine powder having a diameter of about 0.3 to 5 μm, particularly 0.5 to 3 μm, and a carrier which carries the tourmaline fine powder and is a mixture of a plurality of substances, and as a whole. DC electric resistance value is 10 ⁴ Ω · cm to 1
A carrier of about 0 ⁸ Ω · cm, particularly about 10 ⁵ Ω · cm to 10 ⁷ Ω · cm, which contains the carrier and allows water from the inner and outer cylinders to pass through but does not wash away the carrier. A means for surface activation of water by means of an immersion type perforated double cylinder container containing a tourmaline carrier, characterized by comprising a perforated double cylinder container. 3. A tourmaline fine powder having a diameter of about 0.3 to 5 μm, particularly 0.5 to 3 μm, and a grain boundary of ceramic crystal grains having different permittivities, which carry the tourmaline fine powder and which constitute the carrier. A carrier having an electron-transporting property in which its grain boundary transports electrons depending on the electrical properties of the carrier, which contains the carrier and allows water from the inner and outer cylinders to pass through but does not wash away the carrier. A means for surface activation of water by means of an immersion type perforated double cylinder container containing a tourmaline carrier, characterized by comprising a perforated double cylinder container.