JPH07509329A - Image analysis device - Google Patents

Abstract

In a method and apparatus for analysing an electronic image signal, the signal is treated as representing one or more cells each comprising a plurality of pixels. A set of pointers is generated and sequentially set according to characteristic values related to detailed image content. The pointers are used to address a memory array and for successive frames, the value of an address in each array row indicated by the pointer corresponding to that row is updated. In this way, for each frame the characteristic values can be accumulated so that in a single operational mode, both a time history of the image, stored in a memory, is updated and an indication is produced indicative of the occurrence or non-occurrence of an event not associated with image background. The characteristic values can be generated by randomly or pseudo-randomly selecting pairs of pixels and for each, generating a binary signal depending on whether or not the intensity of incident light on a predetermined one of the pair is greater than the intensity on the other. Over all the rows, the values in the addresses being updated can be summed, as well as the maximum value in each row. The ratio of the two sums can be time weighted averaged with respect to the ratios obtained from previous frames. The ratio is compared with the average and the result used to determine the occurrence or non-occurrence of a significant event within the image. <IMAGE>

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Image analysis device The present invention relates to an image analysis method and an apparatus for carrying out this method. The present invention is exclusive It is particularly suitable for surveillance applications.

U.S. Patent No. 4,249,207 electronically captures images obtained by a television camera. cell array or tile array (an array or cells or ``tiles''). These tiles are interrelated They are formed taking into consideration the It is the area. This is illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings. The system monitors each cell potential important event (polenr+ally 51gn1ficant e It is determined whether or not vent) has occurred in each cell. Such an event is one segment. When a cell is detected in a cell, the neighboring cells are checked to find out that, for example, two events have occurred. Then, it shall show the locus of a moving object or object.

The occurrence of a potential serious accident in a cell can be determined by changes in the average light intensity from the cell. cut off Each cell consists of an array or pixels. Become. These are analyzed column by column and the overall incident light intensity of the cell is calculated. Of this time Continue measuring and comparing the average intensity with the average intensity of the previous frame (rra-〇) many times. . When the comparison result exceeds a predetermined limit value, a potentially significant event occurs in that cell. Suppose you are doing so.

The above-mentioned US patent shows that the system does well against spurious events such as the movement of cloud shadows. He says he can identify it. However, generally this system is located in a vast landscape. It is most suitable for empty landscapes such as the space between two perimeter fences. urban environment It is unlikely that a false event can be detected in a busy landscape.

The disadvantage of this known system is that a. For example, due to certain small changes in the image due to changes in the weather, movement of clouds, trees, etc. being overly sensitive to This is due to the large number of This will cause many false alarms.

b. It has low sensitivity to certain large changes in the image. For example, A small change in light across a tile will have the same effect as a large change in light on a section of the tile. be. This results in missing some target events.

The major change in the C1 image is to reduce the sensitivity of the system by some amount. this As a result, an activity alarm (actlvlt y ala "1) will occur, and tiles emptied by slow-moving objects will , it behaves in the same way as the tile on which the object is incident, so you can track the movement of the object and determine the shape of the object. The ability to identify is decreased.

The problem with the above is that this system cannot handle landscapes with very small changes in light levels. It has been shown to be effective. In reality, you can monitor indoor scenery, for example. Only in motionless outdoor scenes, such as in secluded areas between the walls surrounding a prison. effective.

The present invention in its various aspects provides the ability to learn complex background features. Very advantageous over the patent system. This is not a crowded or busy scene. But you can better identify real objects.

Another known system called rWIsARDJ is [1,^Ieksande r et alin 5ensor Review, JuIy 1984.　 It is described in pp 120-124 J. Pixels in a cell are pseudo-randomly (ps eudo-randoly). In the latter document, the incident light on the pixel is The intensity is a gray-scale signal or It states that it can be converted into two short signals.

In the latter case, the detected light level is compared to a limit value and the intensity is greater or less than the limit value. Set to 1 or 0 depending on the situation. Group these two short signals together ~ Store the pointer in RAM (random access memory) formed into an array. each time an element of the array is addressed by a pointer , set that value to ronJ, otherwise leave it as is. This process , run in several frames.

Thus, WISARD sets the value of a particular element of the array.

This is the "training period". After the required frames have elapsed, the array It is determined that the system has been properly manually operated (priIled), and the system enters execution mode (run mode). mode) and a pointer is similarly formed. Then, the set When the pointer addresses a point, the intensity of the pixels forming the pointer This indicates that the value is the same as the cent value in the cent setting. Not set A pointer that addresses an element indicates that the state is different from the training period. are doing. In this way, WISARD detects when the scenery changes. .

At WISARD, we are implementing a limited training period (rlnltc) based on the current situation. It can only be compared with what happened during the previous period. It is clear that there is no storage for events that occur. Also, moments during the training period An accident like that would have a large impact, similar to the incident at Muntong. As a result, WISARD is There are limits to the ability to distinguish between important incidents and their backgrounds. Ru.

The present invention can keep track of the background and has better insight compared to WI5ARD. It is possible to provide another.

The first aspect of the present invention is <a) Representing the image signal with one or more cells each having multiple pixels Process the image signal as (b) Generate wait values for consecutive frames of the monitored image according to the detailed content of the image. accomplished, (C) Stored in a storage device (lIeIlory) in a single operation mode Updates to the time history of the image that was created and the occurrence or occurrence of events unrelated to the image background. Continuous frames of the monitored image to both form an indication that the accumulates a value specific to the system, A method for analyzing electronic image signals is provided.

Further, a first aspect of the present invention includes an electronic image signal analysis device, and this device comprises electronic means for performing steps (a) to (C) of the previously described method.

In general, the present invention alleviates the problems of the prior art described above and provides a broader scope for monitoring landscape changes. You can expand the possibilities of what you can see. In particular, the present invention is designed to Suitable for color monitoring. For example, monitor a busy street and check for specific events. . Examples of such events are the arrival of obstacles on railway tracks, the departure of cars from gates, etc. or arrivals, departures or arrivals of people through the door, or congestion on railway platforms.

The first aspect of the invention, broadly defined, requires only one cell; Preferably, the image is represented by a large number of cells, more preferably As mentioned above, it is better to adjust the mutual relationships.

A preferred method for generating values of hour angle is to randomly select some phantom pixels. om) or pseudo-randomly, and for each λ·1, The signal (preferably (binary value).

Therefore, the second aspect F1 of the present invention is (a) An image signal is represented by one or more cells, each containing multiple pixels. Process the image signal as (b) In consecutive frames of the monitored image, randomly (r andoIlly) or pseudo-randomly ), and for the 6 pairs, the intensity of the incident light to one of the pixels of a given pair is The electronic image produces a binary value (C sign) depending on whether the intensity is greater than or not than the intensity of the incident light. Provides a method for analyzing signals.

Further, a second aspect of the present invention includes an image signal analysis device, and this device includes: comprising electronic means for carrying out (a) and (b) of the method according to the second aspect of the invention; Ru.

Preferably, at least one pair of pixels is selected in each of the plurality of cells. better Similarly, it is better if multiple images are selected in each cell of the image field. stomach.

Once one or more pixel pairs have been selected in a given cell, an operating period The same pixel can be used in subsequent frames until the end of g5ession). Wear. In the later period, the same pixel pair or selected from the remaining cells in that period It is also possible to use different pairs of pixels.

When using multiple pixel illusions in a given cell, it is possible, but not absolutely necessary, to However, it is possible to use one pixel for the other pair. Also, although not required, one Alternatively, it is also possible that some pixels are not used in any pair.

Although it is not necessary to select paired pixels in different cells at the same position can do.

Also, to generate a pointer that addresses the memory containing the image's time history It is preferable to use the value of the holding. In particular, effective means of doing this are 2&i! a l consisting of n bits (n binary blts), “’ , a, and the corresponding pixel result resulting from the comparison of the paired pixels. Set these bits in order according to the binary value of the code. In other words, the pair of Pairs of pixels 1,...,n are used to set the values of at C3,...,n. I, set (n+1),...,2 n@a 2[1,...,n] used for

Accordingly, the third aspect of the invention is: <a) Representing the image signal with one or more cells each having multiple pixels Process the image signal as (b) Generate unique values in consecutive frames of the monitored image according to the detailed content of the image. accomplished, (C) Create a set of pointers al, ..., a, each consisting of n binary bits. Analysis of the electronic image tJ, which sets these bits in order according to their values. provide a method.

Further, a third aspect of the present invention includes an image signal analysis device, and this device is provided with an image signal analysis device. comprising electronic means for performing (a) to (C) of the method according to the third aspect of the invention. .

n and m may be arbitrary values, and may be the same or different values, but nxm is a unique value. equal to the number of values. Therefore, in the second aspect of the invention, nxm is selected in each cell. half of the number of pixels.

In the preferred embodiment, these pointers are used to identify rows 1,...,m and 1,...,2''. ' An array of addresses that correspond to columns (an arra, y or address s)). Set the value of a pointer using a specific value. When you write, the pointer addresses memory as follows: Pointer a, is Address row 1. A pointer contains a binary value between 0 and 2'. Ru. The pointer points to row 10 of the column number corresponding to the value of a. this address (Initially, all addresses are set to 0). m this Do this for all rows in . In the next frame, the whole process is repeated and each row and updates the value of the indicated address to 1.

Accordingly, the fourth aspect of the invention is: (a) An image signal is represented by one or more cells each having multiple pixels Process the image signal as (b) Points containing values related to the detailed content of the image in consecutive frames of the monitored image. Generate an inter string, (C) Use a pointer to address the memory array and find the pointer that corresponds to the row. A 7-row child image 1J that updates the address value of each row of the array, indicated by provides an analysis method for the issue.

Further, a fourth aspect of the present invention includes an image signal analysis device, and this device is provided with an image signal analysis device. comprising electronic means for performing (a) to (C) of the method according to the fourth aspect of the invention. .

In the preferred embodiment, the set of pointers is als... each consisting of n binary bits. . , a, and the memory array has m rows and 2'' columns.

Note that in memory arrays, the terms "row" and "column" are arbitrary and cannot be interchanged. There is also.

A further advantageous feature of the present invention is that the memory values are used for background and identification of abnormal or sudden incidents. It is used for. In successive frames, in each row of memory, the row address Determine the maximum value at. Furthermore, the value pointed to at this time is also known. all In the line, the ratio of the sum of the values of the addresses currently pointed to is divided by the sum of the maximum values. Calculate. This ratio is compared to a time-measured average of similar ratios from previous frames.

If this ratio is less than the selected time measurement average, then this cell is abnormal or suddenly Suppose that a +9 elephant is occurring.

Accordingly, the fifth aspect of the invention is: (a) An image signal is represented by one or more cells each having multiple pixels Process the image signal as (b) Consecutive frames of the monitored image, where the memory array is Update one address in 6 lines, (C) For all rows, add the updated address values to 1 and calculate the maximum of each ij. The values were summed and the ratio of the two sums was averaged over the time meter A-j by the ratio obtained in the previous frame. Compare the ratio of the two totals and the annual average of the time meter βj, and based on this result, An electronic image signal that determines whether or not an important J'l phenomenon occurs in the image. Please provide one analysis method.

Also, the fifth aspect of the present invention! Mr. 3 is equipped with an image signal analysis device, and this device is comprising electronic means for performing (a) to (C) of the method according to the fifth aspect of the present invention; There is.

It is clear that any aspect of the invention is an apparatus as opposed to a method. When this device is a piece of hardware operating under the control of appropriate software, ・Free software to perform functions that may or must be implemented in firmware. Hardware/firmware consisting of logic gates such as flip-flops You can see it and realize it.

The invention will now be explained by the following description of a preferred embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings. .

FIG. 1 shows the arrangement of cell boundaries, taking into account their interrelationships.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for calculating activity levels according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a hardware configuration diagram of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2.

Figure 4 shows the logic applied to each cell to determine whether a track is present. ・Pos flowchart.

U! J5 indicates the spatial relationship of the movement of the partial cell from the upper right to the lower left.

Before describing the preferred embodiment in detail, it may be convenient to first define the following terms.

These definitions apply only to practical examples and do not limit the scope of the claimed invention. It's not the time to decide.

Pixel A pixel limits the gray level (gray 1 level) of one point in an image. It is.

Typically, up to 256 gray levels are represented by 8 bits.

fl　(Image) An image is an array or pixels, generally is 512×512.

Tile (TiIe) A tile (cell) is a subset of an image consisting of up to N pixels. N is an even number be. The pixels of the tile are Let it be M-N/2.

Pixel Order: Pixels are arranged arbitrarily, and is divided in half.

Pointer Generation If P+>Q+ bl-0, others are bl-1, (TaiP+>q+thenb, -0elseb , -1,)P2〉Q2, set b2-o, otherwise b2-1, (if P 2>Q2 thentz-Oelseb2-1. ) If PM>QM then bM- 0, others, -1 (If PM) qM then b y - Oel se　b　M　-1) and b,, b2. b, ..., generate b11 bits .

Let m-M/n.

a + - [b l b 2 b 3 be].

a 2 (b −-+ b −-2b2J-a m-c bM-1b M] and generate m n-bit binary addresses. m addresses al+ a2+ ・.

a, represents the instantaneous image of the tile, and is a pointer to the memory array defined below. and it works.

Memory The storage device (memory) stores mX2 data values that hold information about past scenery. This array is updated as processing progresses.

Also, the maximum value (axlsus) of each column of memory is held in the maximum value array. It will be done.

This notation method is sax + -saxiwus of Meg+ory [j, il, i-1, −, 2″′address ai points to the cell in the third row of the storage device.This cell is, mausoleum ■ory [j, a+] It is expressed as.

Frame Rate: The image frame is determined by the applicable item. processing speed. The time during which the current frame is being processed is denoted by t, and the time at which the current frame is being processed is The time a frame is being processed is denoted by t-1.

Parameters (Parameters) Select the parameters f, upper limit, and K, and determine the time constant required for the history.

The limit value is a parameter that determines the detection sensitivity of this technique.

The purpose of this mechanism is to create an activity at each tile that indicates whether the image is in the standard state or not. is to calculate the tee level.

This mechanism is implemented by the following means.

a. A television camera that captures images and outputs them in a standard format, and b. A camera frame. capture the image at frame speed, digitize each frame, and convert it into a digital frame. ・Image frame importer (1 age Frame Gra bber) and Access C1 image frame buffer and calculate pointer to memory array A computer processor that performs pointer generation and statistics about d, images. The digital storage part of the memory array that accumulates e, and the memory array using the pointer e. a computer processor that increments (updates memory) a memory; f, a computer that accesses the memory array and calculates the magnitude of the image activity; computer processor.

The computer processors C, e, and f may be a single processor; These operations may be distributed among several processors.

Process execution proceeds by specifying the order of tiles and pixels. Tile selection The size depends on the applicable item.

At runtime, images are captured into the frame buffer at the camera's frame rate. stop The computer processor then performs the following operations related to each frame analysis.

The calculations described below are performed for each tile. In addition, the relationship between separate processes is shown in Figure 2. The exact characteristics of the computer hardware are shown in FIG.

Pointer generation to memory (storage device) Generate a pointer as follows.

Address a is generated as described above. j-1,...1m.

Update the memory device (Memory Update) Update the memory as follows. and maintain a history of past images.

For each j-1,...1m, Increment memory [j, a+] by 1, and set maXl to the maximum value error of the 'th row of memory. Update to Rement.

When memory l, a+] > upper limit, compare the j-th row of memory. for example , memory[j,il　−r　　”memory[j,il,　I-1,·,2′ , saw I−r” @aX+.

Calculate the image assessment score. The image is evaluated by determining the current condition of the image compared to the average rating.

Sum up the values of the memory [j, a+], J-L, . . . , which indicate the score.

Add up the values of ■ax, , j-1, . . . , which indicate the maximum value.

A1 - Determine the instantaneous activity of the image at time by the score/maximum formula A , the value of is calculated by 31 (A takes a value between 0 and 1).

^Verage + -k” ^Verage+-+ “(1-k)” A1 By the formula, the average activity of the image at time t ty) (Average l takes a value between 0 and 1).

By the formula ＾ctlvlty, (Average I - At), the time t Calculate the total M ru image ＾ CLIVI 1)' 1 (8C11ViLY+ is -1 (takes a value between 1).

ACLIVIIjl〉limit value indicates that the tile is active .

All the techniques mentioned above rely on a single value that indicates whether the current scene has changed from the recent scene. Derive the value (^etiν1ty1). The time frame that is determined to have changed is This is clarified by the choice of parameters f and k. For example, with a gradually changing background can use score values f and k close to 1. If the background scenery changes quickly, A smaller value is required.

Unlike other known techniques, this technique is sensitive to real changes in the landscape; Distinguish between changes and typical acceptable changes in the landscape. This means that the memory array is This is because they remember the characteristics of common scenery.

The pointer calculation described above is very responsive to local changes in the tile, but There is no response to global light changes in the tile. Each pointer is a memory location Increment. Therefore, normal views often change a given memory location to other positions are incremented only rarely. and, The resulting activity value will be small or negative.

When the scenery is in its normal state (in addition, when the light level changes significantly and the content of the scenery changes) ), the pointer addresses a memory location with a large value. To do so.

However, when unusual changes occur in the image, memory with low values Affects several pointers addressing locations. The resulting action The value of tivity becomes high (ll'lJ, for example, close to 1).

This technique thus instantly identifies changes in the image. For example, the movement of people in a landscape A local change may affect only a small number of pixels. For example, 1 Given that 0 pixels are affected, this typically occurs due to the way pointers are generated. A change in affects 10 pointers. Therefore, small local changes are This has a large effect on the evaluation of the dynamic state.

Also, because of the way memory remembers past scenes, when an activity ends, the calculated The activity value immediately returns to a smaller value. In this way, whether an event exists in a tile or not can be accurately monitored.

The result of the calculation is an action that takes a true or false value for each tile. The state (attribute acLivc) is derived by processing the convex image.

These activities can be used to manually determine the characteristics of landscape events. child Processes like can track events and calculate the shape and size of objects in the scenery. Can be done. The reliability of the claimed method of identifying active tiles is dependent on ambient light variations. , it is possible to identify events in i'E[.

Generally, the number of pixels in a tile depends on the application. The size of the tiles depends on the perception of the landscape. Due to another object. Further, the number of pixels of each tile changes depending on their mutual relationship.

Similarly, the number M of pixel pairs in a tile also depends on the application and the tile. Typically , it is not necessary to consider every pixel of a tile, and it is generally possible to pick out a pixel. Wear. However, by definition of the preferred embodiment, ˜1 should be less than 8.

To work with today's computers' 8-bit memory addresses, Select 8 for n. Also, memory elements are typically 8 bits in size. Therefore, 255 is usually selected as the upper limit.

Each tile is processed individually and m pointers are generated in the memory array. reality High sensitivity is achieved by repeating pixel generation and determining the pointer. be able to. Typically, three rearranged pixels are used to calculate from a 3m×2” component. Generate 3m pointers pointing to an array of memories.

The rate at which images are processed is typically 25 frames per second. This emanates from the scenery. The dependence of the occurring events on the speed can be reduced. This mechanism is flexible Depending on the frame rate required, the system can be run on a single computer or It can be implemented on any number of computers.

The processing mechanism described above determines how each tile is evaluated and whether the tile is active. It shows whether it is determined whether or not it exists. How is the identification of events in the landscape based on activity? This is done by considering whether the value of bitity changes temporally and spatially.

In contrast to known methods, the event determination is based on the activity values, using a simple This is done by using logic. This is because the claimed mechanism is a false alarm. speed, e.g. if a tile is active even though it is not This is because it reduces the indicated speed.

This active value can be used to follow objects as they pass through the landscape. this place If so, the tile has other attribute tracks that take true or false values. ck) to indicate whether the object has currently passed through the tile.

The logic applied to each tile is shown in the flowchart shown in FIG. active at time t Apply the test at time t based on the value of and the value of the track at time t-1.

Tracks in any direction a, all tiles connected to the target tile, and b, the target tile itself. It is determined by limiting the number of tiles.

In order to detect movement in a specific direction, [partial tile J is limited as follows.

For example, as shown in Figure 5, to track the movement from the top right to the bottom left, the partial tile is , a, the tiles that continue above and to the right of the target tile, and b, the target tile itself. sea urchins are selected.

Show tiles with true track values on images to indicate moving objects be able to. Also, using combinations of track directions, objects that indicate specific actions can be used. body can be detected. For example, downward movement across 81 images C1 Object that moves in a specific direction in the image and then pauses (see below) C1 Object that moves in the scenery movement of an object through a door, or vice versa.

Use active and track values to detect moving and stationary objects in the landscape. can be done. This means that for each tile, the tile's track value is true. This is achieved by counting consecutive frames. This count value is the limit mentioned above. An event is identified when the value is exceeded.

This method can be used, for example, to find cars parked on a busy street or strolling down a busy sidewalk. be able to identify the person who is

Various aspects of the present invention can also be embodied in the previously mentioned known WI 5ARD system. .

We will explain how it is applied to WISARD.

In the first WISARD system, points were The data is generated into a binary memory array. This composition is a. cannot be applied, only applies to fixed views, b, gray scale Due to the method of replacing the image with a binary (black/white) image, it is possible to It is unsuccessful because it is very sensitive to

WISARD pointer generation and memory update and images of the present invention with appropriate changes The combination of evaluation is more effective. The following description is for processing with high contrast. The pointer is very effective as long as the image (i.e. a wide range of light levels) It shows the outline of the generation, but makes the changed parts clear. The notation is essentially the same as above. It has a similar meaning.

The limit value T2 is known and bits b, , b2 . ..., generate bN as follows do.

If P,>T2, set it as bl-0, otherwise set it as bl-1, (if PI>T2 thenb, -0elseb, -1,)P, if >T2, set b2-0 , others are b2-1, (if P2) T2 thenb 2-Oelseb 2 -1. ) P, > T2, then bN-0, otherwise bN-1 (If PN >T2 then b N-Oelse b N-1).

1 (generates an n-bit binary address of il.

a + - [b 1b 2 b-].

a2-[bn-+b-=2bznco.

a1-[tlN-+bN] Here, ]-N/n refers to an l×2' array of memories.

The method of generating the second pointer influences the selection of the limit value T2. In particular, as well as the background Gray level objects may have no effect on pointers. This drawback maintains a second lX2' memory array and sets the second set of pointers as follows: Reduced by guiding.

If T, <P, <T, then bl-0, otherwise, -1, (HTI <PI (T3 Lhenb + = Oelseb + -1,) TI<P2<TI If so, set bz”’0, otherwise b2-1, (irT+ (P2(TI Lhc nlz-Oclscb 2 = 1. ) T, <P, <7. If so, use bN”O , others are bN-1 (if T1 < PN < T, thenb N-0cls eb N -1).

In the same way, bits b, , b2 . . . act as pointers to the second memory array. ...generate a second set of n-bit addresses from the second set of 1bN. There is. The accumulated activity values are calculated by averaging the activity values from the two memory arrays. activity.

Then, the limit value T, , T2. If we choose ``r, carefully, then based on these pointers, The structure was also successful.

Limit values must be chosen to accommodate changes in light level across the image. stomach. An effective method is to use 2 over the entire image (i.e. across all tiles). The value of 5% of pixels is smaller than T1, The value of 2596 pixels is between T and T2, and the value of 25% of pixels is between T2 and T2. , and the value of 25% of pixels is adjusted to be larger than T. That is.

TI, T2, TI are then adjusted for all images being processed.

As can be seen, this configuration introduces more limits and adapts to more light levels. It is possible to do so. These pointer generation techniques are based on paired pixels and parameters. This is an example of a general process for generating bit b+ (which takes a value of 0 or 1).

Therefore, these examples are If p>q then b-o, otherwise b-1(i[p>q then b-Oe lse b-1) If p>T, use b-o, otherwise b-1(Hp>T th en b-Oelse b-1) format.

Also, as another example, If p > q + eps i Ion, set it as b-Q, otherwise b-1 (i "p > q + epsilon then b = Oelse b -1,) is epsilon is the level of noise (due to camera and transfer effects) in the image. This is the value of a fixed parameter determined by

Figure 2 activity level Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 International investigation report DpTIQo@)/ni Aburibu@Continuation of front page (81) Designated countries EP (AT, BE, CH, DE.

DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, SE), 0A (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, SN, TD, TG), AT, AU, BB, BG, BR, CA, CH, C3゜DE, DK, ES, FI, GB, HU, JP, KP, KR, LK, LU, MG, kiN, MW, NL, No, PL, R○, RU, SD, SE, US (72) Inventor: Gent, Christopher, Roberti Gillis, Berkshire, R.G. 117, E.R., Crowthorne, Tawa zu drive 20 (72) Inventor: Thomas, William, Jenid, Surrey, England Knee 144 Wydbrew, Camberley, Oismoor, Fakenham We A 6 (72) Inventor: Salmon, Gerald, Dipid, England, Hampshire State RG 279 JH, Hook, Leftley Road 94 Knee (72) Inventor: Stubbington, Pryon, Dipid UK, Hamp 3, Rother Road, Cove, Farnborough, G-149, Shire 7

Claims (43)

[Claims] 1. (a) The image signal is divided into one or more cells each having a plurality of pixels (c (b) processing said image signal as represented by cH; Generate a set of pointers for the conscutlvc frame, and (c) using the pointer; Addresses a memory array (amcmoryarray) and sequentially (succcs) sive) frame, said memo is indicated by a pointer corresponding to the line. A method of analyzing electronic image signals that updates the address value of each row of a rear array. 2. The set of pointers includes pointers a1, am, each consisting of n bits of a binary number. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the memory array has m rows and 2n columns. 3. Add up the updated address values for all rows and calculate the maximum value for each row. The ratio of the two sums corresponds to the time-measured average of the ratio obtained in the previous frame. compare the ratio of the two sums with the time measurement average, and based on this result, 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein it is determined whether an important event has occurred. 4. The binary pits of said pointer mark the image in successive frames of the monitored image. The method according to claim 2, wherein the set corresponds to a unique value formed according to the detailed contents. Law. 5. A single operation mode allows you to view images stored in memory. Update of image time history and occurrence or non-occurrence of events unrelated to the image background The characteristics described above are applied to successive frames of the image in order to both form an indication indicating that 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the value of YES is stored. 6. Pairs of pixels are randomly ly) or pseudo-randomly, each For a pair, the intensity of the human light incident on one of the pixels of a given pair is the intensity of the incident light on the other generating said characteristic value by generating a signal depending on whether it is greater than or not; The method according to claim 4 or 5. 7. (a) Representing an image signal in one or more cells each having multiple image operations. (b) processing the image signal as a monitor; generate a pair of pointers containing values related to the details, (c) Address the memory array (amcmoryarray) using a pointer. and the value at the address of each row of the array, pointed to by the pointer corresponding to the row. update, An electric measuring probe surface image signal analysis device equipped with electronic means. 8. The electronic means comprises pointers a1, am each consisting of n binary pits; is applied to generate a set of pre-edict pointers, and the memory array has m rows 2 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, having n columns. 9. The electronic means sums the updated address values for all rows and Sum the maximum values of the rows and calculate the ratio of the two sums using the time-measured average of the ratio obtained in the previous frame. compare the ratio of the two totals with the time measurement average, and based on this result and the requirements applied to determine whether important features are present in the image. The price stated in claim 8 or 9. 10. said electronic means converting the image into successive frames of the monitored image according to the content of the image; bits of the binary number of said pointer corresponding to a unique value generated according to the details of 9. The device according to claim 8, adapted for setting a seat. 11. Updating the time history of images stored in the storage device in a single mode of operation Indication of occurrence or non-occurrence of an event unrelated to the background of the image Applying said electronic means to accumulating said characteristic values so as to perform both the formation of 9. The apparatus according to claim 8. 12. Select multiple pairs of pixels randomly or pseudo-randomly, and for each pair , the intensity of the incident light on one of the pixels of a given pair is greater than the intensity of the incident light on the other whether the electronic means generates the characteristic value by generating a signal; 12. The apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the apparatus is applied to forming. 13. The electronic means includes an image frame grabber. ber), a storage device (mcmory), and one or more computers. 13. Apparatus according to any of claims 8 to 12, comprising a processor. 14. (a) The image signal is divided into one or more cells each having multiple pixels. (b) for successive frames of the monitored image; , generate a unique value according to the details of the image; (c) In a single operation mode, stored in a memory device (mcmory) Update of the time history of the image and the occurrence or occurrence of events unrelated to the background of the image. specific to successive image frames, both to form an indication that accumulate the value of, A method for analyzing electronic image signals. 15. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the image is represented as a plurality of cells. 16. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of cells are coordinated with respect to each other. 17. Multiple pairs of pixels are randomly or pseudo-randomly pseudo-randomly), and for each pair, the 2 depending on whether the intensity of the incident light on one is greater than the intensity of the incident light on the other. 17. The characteristic value is generated by generating a value signal. Method described. 18. (a) The image signal is divided into one or more cells each having multiple pixels. (b) for successive frames of the monitored image; , generate a unique value according to the details of the image; (c) In a single operation mode, stored in a memory device (mcmory) Update of the time history of the image and the occurrence or occurrence of events unrelated to the background of the image. Values specific to successive image frames to both form an indication that there is no accumulate, An electronic image signal analysis device comprising electronic means. 19. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the image is represented as a plurality of cells. 20. said electronic means are applied to coordinating a plurality of cells with respect to each other; 20. The apparatus of claim 19. 21. said electronic means randomly or pseudo-randomly selecting a plurality of pairs of pixels; For each pair, the intensity of the incident light on one of the pixels of a given pair is equal to The characteristic value is determined by generating a binary signal depending on whether the intensity is greater than or not. 21. The apparatus according to claim 18 or 20, which is applied to producing. 22. The electronic means includes an image frame grabber (lmagcrramegrab). ber), a storage device (mcmory), and one or more computers. 22. A device according to any of claims 18 to 21, comprising a processor. 23. (a) The image signal is divided into one or more cells each having multiple pixels. (b) processing the image signal as a representation of the In fact, the pixels of multiple pairs of cells are randomly or pseudo-randomly (pseudo-randomly), and for each pair, a given pair of pixels Depending on whether the intensity of the human light incident on one side is greater than the intensity of the incident light on the other side, A method for analyzing electronic image signals that generates binary signals. 24. 24. In step (b), at least one pair of pixels is selected. the method of. 25. In step (b), a plurality of pixels are selected for each cell of the image field. 26. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 25. 26. From claim 23, wherein the same pixel is used in each frame until the end of the execution period. 25. The method according to any one of 25. 27. The binary signal accesses the memory containing the time history of the image. 26. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 25, which is used to generate a pointer to address. Method. 28. A set of pointers al, ..., am, each consisting of n binary bits, is generated. , the value of the corresponding binary signal (respect ivebinaryvaluesofthesjgnals) 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the bit is set. 29. (a) The image signal is divided into one or more cells each having multiple pixels. (b) processing the image signal as a representation of the Pixels of multiple pairs of cells are randomly or pseudo-randomly (pseudo-randomly) and for each pair, Depending on whether the intensity of the incident light on one of the elements is greater than the intensity of the incident light on the other element. , an electronic image signal analysis device comprising electronic means for generating a bivalent signal. 30. Claim in which the electronic means is applied to selecting at least one pair of pixels. 30. The device according to item 29. 31. Said electronic means select a plurality of pixels for each cell of the image field. 31. The device according to claim 29 or 30, applied to. 32. said electronic means use the same pixels in each frame until the end of the execution period; 32. A device according to any one of claims 29 to 31, which is applied to. 33. The electronic means contains a time history of the image using the binary signal. Claims 29 to 32 applied to generating a pointer for addressing memory. The device described in any of the above. 34. Generate a set of pointers a1, ..., am, each consisting of n binary bits. , the said bits in turn by the values of the corresponding signals resulting from the comparison of the paired pixels. 34. Apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the electronic means is applied to the setting of the cut. 35. The electronic means includes an image frame grabber. ber), memory, and one or more computers. 35. A device according to any of claims 29 to 34, comprising a processor. 36. (a) The image signal is divided into one or more cells each having multiple pixels. (b) processing the image signal as representing the image in successive frames of the monitored image; generate a unique value according to the details of (c) Generate a set of pointers al,...,am each consisting of n bits, and A method of analyzing electronic image signals that sequentially sets these bits according to their values. 37. The pointer is used to address a memory array of m rows and 2n columns. , the value of the address in each row pointed to by the corresponding row pointer is updated. The device according to claim 36. 38. (a) transmitting the image signal in one or more cells each having multiple image signals; (b) processing the image signal as a representation; (b) adding an image to consecutive frames of the monitored image; Creates a unique value according to the details of the image, (c) Generate a set of pointers al,...,am each consisting of n bits, and electronic image signal analysis comprising electronic means for sequentially setting these bits according to their values; Device. 39. Using the pointer, address the m-row, 2n-column memory array and write the corresponding The above method is used to update the value of the address of each row indicated by the row pointer. 39. The device according to claim 38, wherein electronic means are applied. 40. The electronic means includes an image frame grabber. ber), a storage device (mcmory), and one or more computers. 40. A device according to claim 38 or 39, comprising a processor. 41. (a) An image signal is represented by one or more cells each having multiple pixels. (b) processing the image signal as a monitored image; update one address in each row of the memory array with the detailed contents of (c) Sum the updated address values for all rows, and add up the long and large values for each row. Then, the ratio of the two totals is equal to the time-measured average of the ratio obtained in the previous frame. compare the ratio of the two sums with the time measurement average, and based on this result, A method of analyzing electronic image signals to determine whether a significant event has occurred. 42. (a) represent an image signal in one or more cells each having multiple pixels; Processes the image signal as a monitor (mountain) in consecutive frames of the monitored image, Update one address in each row of the memory array with the details, (c) Sum the updated address values for all rows, and sum the maximum value for each row. and apply the ratio of the two sums to the time-measured average of the ratio obtained in the previous frame. The ratio of the two sums is compared with the time measurement average, and based on this result, an electronic image signal analyzer comprising electronic means for determining whether a significant event has occurred; analysis equipment. 43. The electronic means includes an image frame grabber (lmageframemegrab). ber), memory, and one or more computers. 43. The display device of claim 42, comprising a processor.