JPH07507232A - Use of perforated sheets in catalytic reactions - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Title of the invention Use of perforated sheets in catalytic reactions This invention relates to the use of perforated sheets in catalytic reactions. The present invention relates to a getter and a catalyst or a getter support. More specifically, this invention mainly Regarding perforated sheets or layers that act as catalysts or getters or supports. and a reactor or catalyst pack containing one or more such sheets or layers. This is related to

The perforated sheet or layer prevents the production of nitric oxide due to the oxidation reaction of ammonia and the production of cyanide water. It has been used for a long time in catalytic processes in the industrial field, such as the production of raw materials.

In the simplest equipment, for example, a perforated catalyst sheet of platinum-based alloy is placed inside the reactor. Supported. The sheet is oriented substantially in a plane perpendicular to the flow path direction within the reactor. It is. and located in the flow path of one or more reactants. The reactant beam In the use of data, it passes through the sheet. In this way, the reactants form a sheet. A catalytic reaction caused by a substance.

Generally, a plurality of such sheets are assembled into a laminate pattern of sheets assembled in a laminate relationship. form a block. This equipment exposes the reactants to the reactants as they pass through the reactor. By increasing the surface area of the catalyst used, the yield of the reaction is improved.

Typically, a reactor is a vessel with a circular cross section. This will be used for the actor. The hole sheet is circular in shape with a diameter chosen to closely fit the cross section of the reactor. to ensure that all reactants pass through the sheet along the flow path within the reactor. I have to. For this purpose, each perforated sheet (or layers of such sheets) The pack is attached tightly to the inner annular wall of the reactor. , supported at the periphery.

The catalyst sheet is heated at incandescent temperature (in- Candescent temperatures) are reached. This result sheet The valuable catalytic materials that make up the fuel are dispersed in stages. The scattered substances are reactants and reactions. It can be carried and lost in the product stream. This expensive catalyst material To reduce losses, many glue actors use one or more perforated getters, or one a catalyst sheet or catalyst sheets, e.g. Equipped with a nocimento seat. Replace the getter sheet with the catalyst sheet inside the puncture. They can be stacked on top of each other or inserted at intervals within a pack of catalyst sheets. Good too.

Gettering depends on atoms of the catalyst material colliding with the material of the getter sheet.

At moderately high temperatures, these atoms diffuse into the getter sheet material and later form the getter - Recovered by processing the sheets. Therefore, the effectiveness of gettering depends on the catalytic Enhanced by increasing the probability of collisions between the atoms of the material and the getter sheet. Obviously, the possibility of collision is reduced by reducing the size of the entrance to the seat. (usually bringing component wires or other components closer together), or by installing more getter sheets in the reactor chamber. It can be enhanced. However, such means do not limit the amount of reactants passing through the reactor. restricting flow and increasing back pressure, resulting in extreme back pressure and extreme catalyst material loss A compromise must be found between the two.

Here, it is important to note that the gel sheet does not necessarily have to be non-catalytic. No, in fact getter sheets often have an inherent catalytic effect; The getter sheet is also expected to improve the catalytic effect. Because use During the process, material recovered from the catalyst layer diffuses into the getter sheet material. Ru.

Exothermic reactions such as the oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide typically exceed 250 degrees Celsius. With reaction temperatures much higher than 650°C to 1000°C. General The materials that make up the catalyst and getter sheets are physically susceptible to such high temperatures. , so the catalyst pack is usually placed to support the catalyst or getter sheet. The device includes one or more perforated support means, such as a perforated sheet or the like. Support Seats are usually made of stainless steel, nickel-chromium alloy, or aluminum. Kanthalo (registered trademark), which is a chrome-iron alloy, Non-platinum group metal materials such as It is a fee. Ceramic supports are also known.

The use of perforated sheets in catalytic reactions can take many forms, e.g. or strips or elongated woven gauzes containing elements of non-platinum group metals as catalysts. It has been used for years, and recently it has also been used as a getter for catalysts. weaving support Togase is also known.

Woven gauze is expensive to produce and the width of the catalytic reactor is generally undesirable. It deteriorates quickly in harsh environments. Therefore, non-rutted pores in the field of catalytic reactions Several proposals have been made for the use of sheets. For example, if knitted gauze It has been proposed as a medium, getter, and supporter. As a getter system Fibers with different directions (randomly oriented fibers) It has also been proposed to use a collection of rs). with these various directions The fibers can be suitably bonded, for example by bonding or sintering, and are self-supporting. forming a getter sheet and compressing the pad to form a perforated getter sheet. It will be done.

If you look closely at the various perforated sheets mentioned above, you will notice that they have wavy or uneven surface textures. However, when viewed as a whole, the existing material is essentially flat when supported within the beam actor. A significant problem with existing perforated sheet arrangements is their lack of flexibility. Especially existing Perforated sheets, especially woven sheets, are used in the plane of the sheet, i.e., the plane of the reactants in the reactor. Due to the heat of the catalytic reaction, there is little flexibility in the plane transverse to the flow direction. The sort tries to expand, but its ends are supported by the reactor structure Because it cannot expand, as a result, the sheet is affected by internal stresses.

If the sheet is not sufficiently flexible to withstand internal stresses, Twisting, the original planar shape transforms into a waveform called a tortoiseshell pattern. do. These waveforms are undesirable for several reasons. First, the perforated sheet The thickness is increased in some places, and the thicker part becomes hotter than the other thin part. Become. Because the thicker the sheet, the longer the residence time of the reactants within the sheet. It is from. Therefore, if the temperature is appropriate for a certain reaction in a thin part, the thick part Parts may become hotter than necessary. When the l’j distillation time comes, carbon production begins. formation and precipitation. Carbon precipitates on the catalyst surface can be removed by coating the catalyst surface. This severely reduces the effectiveness of the catalyst and ultimately leads to brittleness and physical loss of the catalyst. .

Furthermore, when sheets are closely adjacent, they may be joined at contact points. exposed by bonding Catalyst surface area is reduced and catalyst effectiveness is reduced.

The folding also causes the sheet to gradually shrink and eventually peel away from the support structure.

Such a bypass, where a liquid occurs in the western part of the sheet and forms a bypass for the reactants. Obviously, the yield of the reaction decreases dramatically when .

It is not entirely clear why the seat shrinks during use; When this occurs, the resulting strain in the sheet will not be completely maintained even after the sheet returns to its original temperature. It has become clear that there will be no return. Therefore the material of the sheet is twisted It is thought that plastic deformation occurs when affected by stress. Also, the seat may be twisted. When the wires that make up the sheet are connected, the sheet and its original planar shape are It is also possible that it prevents the child from returning to normal. The sheets that are clearly in a laminated relationship are It is also conceivable that they may interlock or join when twisted. This is adjacent It is possible to block the free phase movement between the sheets and block the recovery after plastic deformation. There is sex.

The present invention has been made in view of this background. We solve the problem of expansion and contraction For this purpose, a relief pattern is applied to a perforated sheet suitable for use in catalytic reactions. adopted the rules.

The relief pattern provides sag, movement or flexibility in the general plane of the sheet, can accommodate and react to internal stresses caused by high temperatures without twisting. I expected it to be there. In addition, the relief pattern may cross the general plane of the sheet. It is expected that this will stiffen and strengthen the sheet in the direction and reduce the bending or sagging of the sheet. I waited.

As a result of our research, the following methods of applying relief patterns to perforated sheets in the field of catalytic reactions: 6 For example, the European patent application of Koch, No. 0428265A and rnaba other USP 4293447 ( Assignee: Hitachi) discloses a catalyst arrangement using a corrugated perforated sheet. these In the literature, the corrugated perforated sheet is used to support or contain the catalyst, or is used as a catalyst coat. (Inaba); in both cases, the corrugation is a perforated sheet used to maximize surface area. And like a plowed field, parallel and straight A series of alternating ridges and valleys extending in a certain direction.

Both Kotsuho and Inaba use perforated sheets that are oriented transversely to the flow of reactants in the catalytic reactor. not disclosed, but rather that the plane of the sheet is parallel to the reactant flow and The sheet does not act as a barrier through which the flow must pass; The reactants do not necessarily have to pass through the sheet, but instead follow the flow path defined by the corrugations. It flows along.

Consider the problem of contraction or expansion of a perforated sheet facing in a direction that crosses both Kotsuho and Inaba. It is clear that he did not take this into consideration or mention it. Actually, rather , the wavy relief pattern solidifies the sheet in a direction parallel to the corrugations, and the sheet becomes substantially This prevents it from extending in that direction. As a result, Kotsuho and Inaba The disclosed wavy relief pattern is therefore transverse in the catalytic reactor. one of little or no use and of no benefit to us In this example, the kotsucho are arranged in regular rows, grids, or rows and columns that intersect with each other. A perforated sheet having a relief pattern comprising a plurality of spaced depressions Disclosed. Each concave part has a truncated (iI) pyramid shape, and is semicircular. The columnar concave portions are connected to adjacent concave portions.

However, this pattern also does not promote sheet flexibility, which is important. The calculation is to harden the sheet. In fact, Kotsuho placed a perforated sheet inside the concave part. It is described as a rigid plate that has the function of accommodating the placed catalyst material.

One aspect of the present invention provides a perforated sheet for use in catalytic reactions, the sheet having a The sheet expands elastically in a direction parallel to the general plane of at least two mutually intersecting sheets. A relief pattern is applied so that it can be stretched and contracted.

According to this invention, a perforated sheet having a relief pattern as described above can be used as a catalyst. In a reactor, the general surface of the sheet is substantially perpendicular to the flow direction of the reactants in the reactor. It is oriented to be direct.

More specifically, this invention provides a perforated sheet with the relief pattern described above. For use in sheet catalytic reactions, and for producing sheets by applying relief patterns to sheets. process, the use of the sheet in catalytic reactions, and the products of its use.

The present invention particularly relates to a perforated getter sheet with a relief pattern and a relief pattern. It is contemplated to form a perforated sheet of catalytic material with turns.

The invention also includes at least one perforated sheet provided with a relief pattern. The present invention also includes a back made of a perforated sheet containing the perforated sheet or one of the perforated sheets described above. This generator includes a catalytic reactor equipped with a pack containing the perforated sheet described above. The definition also includes the use of such actors and the products of such use.

As mentioned earlier, known perforated sheets often have surface textures that are far from planar. , forming a kind of relief pattern. However, in this invention , the surface structure is not considered much, but rather the overall shape of the sheet is considered. Okay This invention provides a coined, contoured, recessed, undulating or Intended to form a perforated sheet with a shape or corrugation described as wavy. There is. The invention also contemplates combinations of these shapes or waveforms.

For example, the sheet may have recessed portions and undulating portions.

Relief patterns generally consist of relatively raised areas (e.g. hills, peaks, ridges). rises, ridges, protrusions, or islands) and relatively depressed areas ((sinks, valleys, depressions) or both.

These raised parts and depressed parts are arranged in two-dimensional regular or irregular rows. It is. These columns can be linear (straight, curved), circular, spiral, or concentric. They may be in a straight relationship with each other, or they may be deviated from each other.

The present invention can be used in catalytic reactions, including catalyst sorts, getter sheets, and support sheets. It can be used with all perforated sheets that can be used. As will be described later, the present invention In the example, the getter sheet is particularly advantageous when applied to the getter sheet. It is used.

The present invention further provides a method for producing a perforated sheet with a relief pattern. discloses a method. The relief pattern is the same when the perforated sheet is generated. It can sometimes be produced by weaving, or it can be applied after the perforated sheet has been produced. Generally, this method uses a press to make an otherwise flat sheet plastic. Coined surface with desired relief pattern by deformation is generated.

There are various types of presses for deforming perforated sheets.

In general, this pressing machine is used to press a small number of sheets at the same time. It consists of two pressing members that operate to It has a surface shaped to give a surface pattern to the sheet.

The respective surfaces of the pressing member are arranged in such a way that they complement each other, that is, the protrusions of one surface are It is desirable that the shaped part corresponds to the recessed surface of the other side. Alternatively, one surface may be flexible and elastic (e.g. made of rubber) and the pressing part Even if the pieces of wood match the shape of the other side when put together. stomach.

In one embodiment, at least one of the pressing members is a roller, but both is preferably a roller. The relative movement between the roller and the sheet The roller traverses the sheet and a relief pattern is created. For simplicity, The roller is preferably cylindrical.

In another embodiment, the sorting is on one of the pressing members or When the two pressing members come into contact with each other, the seal is Form the sheet into the desired shape. If the notebook is relatively small, both pressing members should be connected to the sheet. If the size is approximately the same or slightly larger, the entire sheet can be shaped in one time. You can do it with However, if the sheet is large (sometimes more than 3 meters in diameter) ), the pressing member is made smaller and presses each part of the sheet in turn. Therefore, the entire sheet can be formed into a desired shape.

The sheet can be reloaded by snapping it onto a support surface that is molded to fit the sort. It may also be configured for use in actors.

In order to make the invention more understandable, the embodiments will be described by way of example only, with reference to the drawings. Use and explain.

Figure 1 depicts a section of a perforated sheet with various relief patterns according to the present invention. FIG.

Figure 2 depicts a section of a perforated sheet with various relief patterns according to the present invention. FIG.

Figure 3 depicts sections of perforated sheets with various relief patterns according to the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing the stamping die forming the relief patterns of FIGS. 1 to 3. It is.

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view showing the stamping die forming the relief patterns of FIGS. 1 to 3. It is.

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing the stamping die forming the relief patterns of FIGS. 1 to 3. It is.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view depicting a mold forming device for forming a perforated sheet according to the present invention. It is.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another mold forming device.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a modification of the mold forming apparatus shown in FIG. 8.

Figure 10 is a schematic of a catalytic reactor containing a perforated sheet supported on a shaped support surface. FIG.

Figure 11 shows the depression along the stamped support surface in the schematic cross-section of Figure 10. It is a diagram showing a die-hole note.

Figure 12(a) shows how a conventional perforated sheet functions as a getter. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view.

FIG. 12(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing details of a perforated sheet related to the present invention. The figure is drawn side by side with Fig. 12(a) for comparison.

FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the invention, a perforated sheet with different shaped sections. FIG.

FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view of another perforated sheet that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 14 taken along line A-A.

FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view showing a modification of the embodiment in FIG. 14.15.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 16 taken along line BB.

FIG. 18 is a schematic oblique view showing another modification from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 to 17. This is a perspective view.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 18 taken along line CC.

Referring first to Figure 1.2.3, the perforated sheet 1o has rounded hills 12. It consists of a raised part and a concave part which is a rounded valley 14. Hill 12 is sea) 10, and the valley 14 extends to the lower part of the -film surface.

The hills 12 and the valleys 14 extend alternately and smoothly toward the other, and are regular. They are arranged in straight rows. The cross section of the sheet is sinusoidal.

Alternating rows of hills 12 and valleys 14 extend as shown, and further rows of It extends perpendicularly to its aforementioned row. Adjacent columns should be aligned as shown in Figure 2. The relationship may be highly skewed, or it may not be skewed as shown in Figures 1 and 3. They may be in contact with each other or in corresponding positions.

In Fig. 1, the hills 12 and valleys 14 are roughly hemispherical, but as shown in Figs. The smaller the value, the less deformation of the perforated notebook.

Although not absolutely necessary, perforated sheets have both raised and depressed areas. It is desirable, however, that the entire perforated sheet is a raised or depressed portion. It's okay. In that case, the relief formation is based on the surface of the undeformed sheet. Covers one side.

Embodiments having rounded hills 12 and/or valleys 14 may reduce stress concentration. It is currently preferred because it minimizes the volume and is easy to produce.

As may be obvious to those skilled in the art, the cross section of saw) 10 resembles a bellows. Therefore, its projection surface is flexible. Therefore, the sheet 10 expands due to heat. but is blocked by the walls of the reactor chamber (not shown). In this case, the folds or raised points of the bellows relieve the stress. fundamentally, As the sheet 10 expands, the slope of the walls surrounding the hills 12 and valleys 14 increases. . Therefore, even though the height of the hill 12 and the depth of the valley 14 increase, the total The diameter rarely changes.

Furthermore, the rows of hills 12 and valleys 14 intersect with each other in a direction parallel to the general plane of C. (e.g. at right angles), the sheet lO has flexibility in the same direction. and accommodate expansion in more than one direction.

In our experiments, we used a perforated sheet as an undulating surface surrounded by a row of ball bearings. A relief pattern was applied to the perforated sheet by pressing it into contact.

Figure 4.5.6 shows different balls to produce different relief patterns. The bearing arrangement is shown, and the ball bearings are integrated to form the #fF type. is forming. Of course, instead of ball bearings, partially spherical or other shapes may also be used.

Figure 4.5.6 shows that two stamping dies are used (e.g. 8) is carried around the perforated sheet by pressing, and the perforated sheet is Form into desired shape. The solid line is the bow on the first die, and the dotted line is the bow on the second die. Shows the location of the hair ring.

The sort shown in Figure 1 may be formed by the ball bearing arrangement shown in Figure 5. In this arrangement, each ball bearing 16 of the first die is independently operated. There is a gap between adjacent ball bearings that is approximately the same width as the ball bearings. It is provided. Each ball bearing 16° of the second mold is arranged in the same way. There is. Each die is in a skewed relationship with the ball bearing of the second die. is fitted into the space between the ball bearings of the first die; The pressed ball bearing fits into the space between the second pressed ball bearing. It's included. As a result, deep undulations are formed as in the example shown in FIG.

In the arrangement shown in Figure 4, the ball bearings 16 are in a skewed relationship with each other; As a result, each ball bearing 16 is in contact with six other ball bearings. . The second press-type ball bearing 16 is the first press-type ball bearing 1. It is in a distorted relationship with 6, and the first press is stacked just on top of the first press. Position it so that it fits tightly into the space between the ball bearings 16 of the mold. It is. This arrangement produces a perforated sheet as shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 shows that each ball bearing I6 is in contact with four other ball bearings 16. It shows the arrangement. The ball bearing 16° of the second press is It is in a distorted relationship with the ball bearing 16 of the die, and is stacked just above the first die. Fit firmly into the space between the ball bearings 16 of the first mold so that the It is placed in an embarrassing position. With this arrangement, the perforated sheet as shown in Figure 3 is generated.

Of course, only one stamping die may be used, in which case the deformed sheet may be By using appropriate tools, you can come into close contact with the stamp. Additionally, one push The mold has a resilient surface, which allows the sheet to be formed by The ridges of the stamp may be pressed against its resilient surface, this resilient The surface may be flat.

The perforated sheets of the present invention are produced by various methods, which fall into two categories: It can be divided into One is to generate the sheet and simultaneously apply the desired relief pattern. The other is to apply the desired relief pattern to the notebook after generating the sheet. This is a method of applying curves to a flat sheet. As an example of the former, limiting the relief pattern A method of knitting fibers with different thicknesses is known. An example of the latter is given below. .

Figure 7 shows a mold forming device for applying a desired relief pattern to a perforated sheet. ing. In FIG. 7, the rollers 32 are simultaneously engaged to rotate in opposite directions. Ru. This roller 32 is a partially spherical ridge formed in a mutually complementary shape. 834 and a partial recess 36. These 34 and 36 are separated at a certain angle. and are arranged alternately around the rollers. As is clear from the diagram , the raised portion 34 is fitted into the recess 36 at the position where the rollers 32 are closest to each other. However, it does not fit completely, leaving a slight gap.

The planar perforated sheet 38 is fed into the device from the left side as shown, and is fed into the device by rollers 320. pass between. The sheet 38 is then deformed by the ridges 834 and the depressions 36. As a result, hills 12 and valleys 14 are formed. Sheets will continue to be supplied to the device for 3 days. , partial spherical hills 12 and valleys 14 are formed in succession alternately.

Similar 34,36 are formed on other parts of the roller 32, so that the hills 12 and A two-dimensional array of valleys 14 is formed.

Of course, it is not an absolute condition that the hills and depressions of the partial sphere are formed; 32 can be adjusted to form various shapes. Also, there are always hills and valleys. There is no need for Zé and Kaname to be placed alternately. Only a valley is formed on one roller 32. , by forming only ridges on the other roller 32, a continuous hill is created. It is also possible to form only a groove or a valley.

In another device shown in FIG. 7, one roller 32 has a cylindrical resilient surface. (e.g. rubber), the other roller 32 has a continuous ridge and rolls the sheet. An elastic surface is formed by the pressure applied during deformation.

FIG. 8 shows yet another mold forming apparatus. This device is mounted on a fixed bed Consists of a first press die 40 and a second press die 44 attached to a movable press member 46 . The molds 40 and 46 have complementary shapes (shown enlarged in FIG. 8). It has a ridge GL148 and a depression 50. These 4 days and 50 days are the first and second stamping When 40 and 44 are gathered around the perforated sheet 52, they are woven into a mesh pattern as shown in the figure. The sheet 52 is pressed into place and pressed to deform the sheet 52 to provide the desired relief pattern.

Again, many variations are possible. For example, as mentioned above, the surface of one of the molds can be The other mold has rows of ridges when forming the sheet. The raised portion may press against a resilient surface of the first mold.

In FIG. 8, the pressing molds 40 and 44 are approximately the same size as the sheet 52, and one pressing The entire notebook 52 can be formed with this.

However, we handle large perforated sheets with a diameter of 1 or 2 m or more, for example. In this case, using two molds of the size suitable for the sheet would make handling complicated and time consuming. It also costs money. Therefore, when forming a large-sized perforated sheet, as shown in Fig. 9, Preferably, a mold forming device is used.

The mold forming apparatus of FIG. 9 includes a horizontal platform having a flexible or resilient top surface 56.

A perforated sheet 58 is disposed on the upper surface 56 of the sheet 54 . Press mold 60 is installed on the pressing member 62 and moves vertically (close to the bed 54) together with the pressing member 62. and away from each other) and horizontally (across the bed 54). Press mold 60 has a row of protuberances (not shown) on the bottom surface and is pushed down when pressed. When the upper surface of the sheet 5 contacts the upper surface of the bed 54, the ridge presses against the upper surface 56 of the bed 54. The pressed sheet 58 is deformed to form a desired relief pattern. Ru.

Embossing die 60 is substantially smaller than sheet 58 so that a single compression presses only a portion of sheet 58. However, the desired relief pattern can only be formed on the sheet 58. Move the pressing mold 60 horizontally to a new position above the unpressed part and repeat the pressing. As a result, a desired relief pattern is formed on the entire surface of the notebook 58. , the pressure is repeated four times, and the release is displayed in shading on 1/4 of the sheet 58. A pattern is formed. The press die 60 moves horizontally on the bed 54 and presses the sheet. 58 to press a new area adjacent to the previously pressed area indicated by the dotted line. It remains elevated and supported. It is obvious that the sheet 58 is not fully formed. It can be seen that a total of 16 pressing treatments are required.

The present invention provides a relief putter when the perforated sheet is used as a catalyst or getter. It is also intended when applying In particular, as shown in Fig. 10, the attached support 81B is touched. It is installed inside the catalyst reactor 20, and the back side of the normally planar catalyst or getter 22 is placed inside the catalyst reactor 20. It is possible to support it. If Note 22 reaches a high temperature when using the catalytic reactor, the system will The plate 22 is in intimate contact with the molded surface of the depressed support and as shown in FIG. It will have the same shape as the surface. In this way, the support section can be attached to the catalyst or getter sheet as desired. form a shape, that is, a relief pattern.

The support part is still made of ceramic perforated material, and the size of the perforated sheet remains. multiple pieces placed side by side as shown to form the desired shape and area appropriate for the area. The block 18' is preferably comprised of relatively small blocks 18' of The width may be 20 mm = 150 mm.

In order to reduce manufacturing costs, all blocks 18' have the same shape, and the perforated sheet 22 is They can be combined with each other to form a repeating pattern over the supported area. It is preferable to Block 18° is formed into the appropriate shape using a blunt cutter. .

The illustrated block 18' is used to form the sheet 22 into a shape similar to that shown in FIG. Ru. However, of course other shapes are also applicable and do not fall within the scope of the invention. shall be

As already mentioned, the present application is particularly useful when applied to getters. The interest The benefits will be explained with reference to FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b).

Figure 12 (a) Conventional getter sheet supported inside a beam actor (not shown) This is a schematic diagram of 26 column-shaped elements 24. Normal elements 24 are not essential, but they are parasitic. It is a wire made of aluminum alloy. As shown in the diagram, the gas flows vertically inside the actor. It can be adopted as if Thus, element 24 is substantially perpendicular to the gas flow. It can be seen that they are arranged on a directional plane.

The Wffi24 are spaced apart from each other to form drops through which the gas flows. 0 Figure 12(a) shows the gas flow as a dotted line. Obviously, the smaller the groove, the smaller the gas flow. The larger the groove, the greater the resistance to gas flow (reverse pressure); conversely, the wider the groove, the lower the reverse pressure. Do a little. The designer's goal is to minimize back pressure, and grooves are used to reduce back pressure. If the getter effect of the sheet 26 is expanded, the getter effect of the sheet 26 will be reduced. The getter sheet 26 is positioned downstream of one or more catalyst sheets (not shown). .

The getter sheet 26 therefore receives the gas flow that has already passed through the catalyst sheet. It becomes. @As mentioned, this gas stream contains particles of catalyst material that have flowed out from the catalyst sheet. The main role of the regetter sheet 26 is to extract this valuable catalyst material from the gas stream. The aim is to recover as much as possible.

Designers believe that gettering is a process in which particles of catalytic material carried in a gas stream form a getter sheet. It is taken into account that it is necessary to collide with the material forming 26. of the particle The paths of two of the particles are shown by solid arrows in 12(a). Both arrows are getter elements Most of them are diffused into the getter element and are not effectively circulated. It has been collected.

To maximize the likelihood of collisions, minimize the surface area of the gettering material facing the gas flow. It is clear that we must maximize this. Therefore, the designer's challenge is to Requires a groove large enough to allow gas to flow through the getter sheet 26 without back pressure. The purpose is to maximize the surface area of the element 24 while providing the space between the elements 24 and 4.

However, the getter sheet 26 in FIG. 12(a) leaves little room for choice in design. In other words, it is up to the user to choose whether to shorten or widen the interval between 124 points. This is because it is determined by the amount of back pressure allowed. As a result, the relationship between back pressure and surface area Compromises are usually made. Fundamental improvements consist in improving this relationship.

Figure 12(b) shows the gettering ability (for the purpose of this application, the sheet is a getter sheet). How can the relief pattern be applied to the perforated sheet without seriously damaging the Shows how to reduce back pressure. Sheets with relief patterns are essentially It is a continuous plane of the sheet that is inclined to the general plane of the notebook, and therefore Figure 12(b) shows the inclination of the sheet. This is a schematic representation of one part.

Figure 12(b) At least one of the Without increasing the overall width of the sheet 10 by slanting the section or elements. It shows how the spacing of elements 24 can be increased without reducing the number of elements 24, As a result, the resistance to gas flow through the widened groove seam (see) 10 is as shown in FIG. The resistance is smaller than that of the relatively small resistance of the sheet 26 shown in a).

It is predicted that if the groove is widened, the gettering ability will decrease accordingly. Ring ability does not decrease. The apparent key! 12(a) and 12( The same applies to b). This is the key to maintaining gettering ability. In fact, Fig. 12(b ), the main points of the sheet 26 in FIG. 12(a) are indicated by the solid arrows! Particles that collided with 24 In the same way, the sheet 10 in FIG. 12(b) It collides with the main ff124.

In addition, the gas flow increases due to C) 10 in FIG. 12(b). Collision with i24 It is also predicted that the amount of catalytic material passing through the sheet IO without Unjustified, this is because the particles of catalyst material have a high density and therefore self This is due to the large momentum, or inertia, compared to the gas flow being carried. Therefore, the gas flow 10 elements 24 for better flow through angled grooves Particles carried by the gas flow constantly deviate laterally, whereas the particles carried by the gas flow It is less likely to change direction and therefore flows more linearly. It's important if it flows in a straight line! A2 There is a high possibility that it will collide with 4.

The mathematical relationship between groove A in FIG. 12(a) and groove A in FIG. 12(b) is shown below.

The portion 10 in FIG. 12(b) is inclined at an angle θ′ with respect to the general plane of the sheet 10.

(90-θ° with respect to the general direction of gas flow in the reactor)) That is, A is always an angle is greater than A1 by an amount that increases with increasing degree θ.

In addition, a perforated sheet having a relief pattern forming a 1IJI oblique portion is However, it may also be beneficial if the catalyst is primarily a catalyst, such as a platinum-based alloy of commonly available composition. Ru.

By applying a relief pattern, the surface area of the catalyst and the apparent wires of each layer are The density of the catalyst is increased and the effectiveness of the catalyst is increased without increasing the back pressure created by the catalyst. Improves sex. In fact, it may also be possible to reduce the number of catalyst layers as the number of zero layers decreases. This will reduce the back pressure generated by the entire bag. Meanwhile, maintaining constant catalyst effectiveness Therefore, compared to a normal catalyst layer with equivalent catalyst effectiveness, the relief pad Each layer with turns can reduce back pressure.

The sheet 26 in FIG. 13 has different areas of the sheet 26 with different relief patterns. Shows how shapes can be combined in areas, parts, or ranges. the above In the embodiment, the outer annular portion consists of circular or spiral ridges. is a non-raised pattern, preferably one of the dimpled patterns shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. It surrounds a central part 30 having a central part 30.

14 to 16 show other relief patterns applicable to the perforated sheet 10. . In the modified example of FIGS. 14 and 15, the hill 12 and the valley 14 are shaped like a dome. The top 64 and bottom 1i 1166 each form a flat surface.

A complete pyramid-shaped hill 12 and valley 14 are shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. Although the ramid shape is suitable for forming relief patterns, Compared to the frustum-pyramid shape, stress is concentrated, so it is currently not very popular. stomach.

In the variant of FIGS. 18 and 19, the hill 12 is completely pyramid-shaped, but the sheet Each is separated by six planar areas that do not extend downward in the general plane.

However, the planar region 68 is referred to as a valley as opposed to a hill 12. This shape is a hill 12 and valleys 14.

Although the sheets of FIGS. 18 and 19 were described as having rows of hills spaced apart, , which obviously depends on the orientation of the sheet relative to the viewer. turn the sheet over This results in a sheet having rows of valleys with intervals.

drawing Itsu 11 12, n12 G43 1″2-14 Toni I 7 1゛n123 Figure 11 G113 Figure 14- I:,'A L 3 Figure 19 international search report AFJ)-I ANG A NNE:X M NNEX EContinuation of front page tree (51) Int, C1, 6 identification code Internal reference number C0IB 21/26 B 9343-4G21/28 9343-4G (81) Designated countries EP (AT, BE, CH, DE.

DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, L-C, NL, PT, SE ), 0A (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, N E, S.N.

TD, TG), AT, AU, BB, BG, BR, BY.

CA, CH, DE, DK, ES, FI, GB, HU, JP, KP, KR, KZ, LK, LU, MG, MN, MW, NL, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD.

SE, DA, US, VN FI (72) Inventor Scosey, Alan Alontra, Santa Fe Springs, California, United States Boulevard 13429 PPG Industries Incoholete inside the pad (72) Inventor: Cranston Joseph James, United States of America, Pencil 7 Ward Creek Road, Glen Mills, Louisiana.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Claim 1. Catalytic reactor, transverse to the flow direction of the reactants passing through the reactor at least one perforated sheet supported in an orientation such that the perforated sheet has a getter. -, catalyst, or support, and has a relief pattern. Claim 2. In the catalytic reactor of claim 1, the perforated sheet is a getter or a catalyst. It is supported by a perforated support part with a relief pattern on the support surface. , the support part is positioned so as to form a relief pattern on the sheet, and the reactor is Support the seat during movement. Claim 3. A getter, catalyst or support transversely within the catalytic reactor of claim 1. A perforated sheet with a relief pattern suitable for use as a section. Claim 4. In the perforated sheet according to claim 3, the relief pattern is on the general surface of the sheet. such as to give flexibility to the sheet in at least two directions parallel to and intersecting with each other. made into a shape. Claim 5. In the perforated sheet according to claim 3 or claim 4, when viewed from the general surface of the sheet, In this case, the relief pattern includes raised and/or depressed areas. Claim 6. 6. The perforated sheet according to claim 5, wherein the area is marked in at least one row. ing. Claim 7. In the perforated sheet according to claim 5 or 6, the area has a plurality of An independent or isolated relief is formed. Claim 8. In the perforated sheet according to claim 6 or 7, the rows may be linear, circular, or spiral. It is spiral, one-dimensional, or two-dimensional. Claim 9. In the perforated sheet according to any one of claims 5 to 8, the area is rounded. Claim 10. 10. The perforated sheet of claim 9, wherein the region is partially spherical. Request 11. The perforated sheet according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the area Areas connect smoothly to adjacent areas. Claim 12. Any one of claims 3 to 11, wherein the cross section is generally sinusoidal. perforated sheet. Claim 13. Claims 3 to 3, wherein at least a portion thereof has a hollow shape. 12 perforated sheet. Claim 14. Claims 3 and 3 comprising different parts each having a different shape The perforated sheet according to any of item 13. Claim 15. 15. The perforated sheet of claim 14, wherein one of the portions is other than the portion. surround one of the Claim 16. Claims 34 to 1 are mainly getter sheets or catalyst sheets. 5 perforated sheet. Claim 17. Consisting of palladium or palladium-based alloys or platinum or platinum-based alloys The perforated sheet according to claim 16. Claim 18. A pack of perforated sheets used as catalysts, at least One sheet in the book is a sheet defined in any one of claims 3 to 17. It is. Claim 19. Defined in any one of claims 3 to 17 in a catalytic process 19. Use of a perforated sheet or a bag as defined in claim 18. Claim 20. A chemical product produced as a result of the use as defined in claim 14. Claim 21. Claims 3 to 1, wherein a relief pattern is applied when forming the sheet. 7. A method for producing a perforated sheet as defined in any of 7. Claim 22. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the relief pattern produces a sheet. Produced as a result of a knitting or weaving process. Claim 23. Production of a perforated sheet defined in any one of claims 3 to 17 The relief pattern is applied to the sheet after it is produced. Claim 24. As long as no pressure is applied, a flat sheet will be plastically deformed by a press machine. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the pressing machine is configured such that at least a part of the sheet is pinched. formed of collapsible pressing members, at least one of which presses the sheet in a desired manner. It has a surface shaped to copy a relief pattern, and the desired relief is created using a pressing machine. A coined surface having a pattern is formed. Claim 25. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the sheet is placed on one pressing member. and/or supported by said one pressing member, and the other pressing member is contact with the first pressing member to form the shape. Claim 26. Claim 24 or Claim 25, wherein the entire sheet is formed by one press. Law. Claim 27. successively different areas of the sheet until the entire sheet is formed into the desired shape. 26. The method according to claim 24 or claim 25, comprising pressing. Claim 28. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein at least one of the pressing members comprises a roller. Yes, the relative movement of the roller and sheet as the roller traverses the sheet provides relief. form a pattern. Claim 29. Use of a pressing machine in the method according to any one of claims 24 to 28 One pressing member has a flexible and elastic surface, and all pressing members are assembled together. corresponds to the shape formed when it is pressed. Claim 30. A relief pattern on a support surface suitable for use in the reactor of claim 2. perforated support section. Claim 31. A contract consisting of a number of elements, each forming part of the supporting surface. The perforated support portion of claim 30. Claim 32. 32. The perforated support of claim 31, wherein the plurality of elements are all the same. . Claim 33. Place the perforated sheet on the supporting part that already has a shape, and Heat treatment is applied to the perforated sheet so that it sinks into the shape of the support. How to apply a flat pattern. Claim 34. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the heat treatment is performed in a catalytic reactor. .