JPH07506650A - Piston and cylinder device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] piston and cylinder The present invention relates to piston and cylinder devices, particularly but not exclusively to motor vehicles, having an output element suitable for providing drive or propulsion for a generator or other mechanical device; related to the equipment.

The present invention includes a cylinder, at least one piston having a cylindrical outer surface, and a longitudinal an output element suitable for rotation about an axis extending in a direction, the cylinder having at least a chamber defined in part by the inner surface of the cylinder, and the piston Pistons and cylinders suitable for contributing to a movement that includes a longitudinal component of the The apparatus further includes cam means including a first cam portion and a second cam portion; from a cam track arrangement formed in one of said two surfaces and also from said cam track arrangement formed in one of said two surfaces. The other of the cam portions is adapted for engagement with the cam track arrangement formed in the other of the surfaces. The cam follower means rotates in response to the movement of the piston. The rotational motion generated in the output element is driven to impart a direction component to the A piston having a configuration and operating method derived from the rotational direction component of stone motion. Provides stone and cylinder devices.

The piston movement can be effected by a chemical or electrical energy source. Can be started and maintained. Preferably a cam track arrangement is formed on the outer surface of the piston. I would like it to have a sinusoidal cam trajectory, and the cam follower means should be on the inner surface of the cylinder. I want it to consist of at least one cam follower protruding from the top.

Conveniently, the sinusoidal track of the cam track can be provided with two rounded projections. But long However, for many applications of the device according to the invention, three or more rounded protrusions are sufficient. It may turn out to be operable or even desirable. do not have.

Conveniently the energy source is petroleum, alcohol or other high octane fuel or low octane fuel. It can be any type of liquid fuel, such as tank fuel, or it can be electrical or other suitable fuel. It can be a vital source of energy. In some applications, turbines or other propellants The blades of the La type are energized and subsequently allow use like in aircraft type engines. Bypass air flow is allowed to enable afterburning and additional fuel injection. A similar arrangement is adopted.

In the embodiments described below, two or more pistons are installed within the chamber of a single cylinder. This single cylinder chamber is moved by the piston. Divided into multiple branches. Each compartment is connected to the spark plug or the fuel supplied to the compartment. A predetermined two-stage system can effectively provide an appropriate ignition device for the air mixture. It is possible to operate on a stroke cycle or a four-stroke cycle.

According to the layout of the device, the output element compensates for the longitudinal component of the piston movement. or axial movement within the piston with a method of ensuring rotational component movement while preventing It is possible to adopt an arrangement that penetrates in the direction.

The present invention also includes: Among other features, the piston is located inside the cylinder. A circle that is designed to allow movement within the room and is suitable for absorbing shocks that occur. or an annular end surface, the end surface being arranged at an angle with respect to the radial plane of the piston. Consisting of partial planes arranged in rows with longitudinal grooves extending radially such that be done. A piston and cylinder device according to the second paragraph of the specification is provided.

Further features and advantages of the device according to the invention can be found in the following detailed description of several embodiments of the invention. The detailed description, which should be read with reference to the drawings as will become clear from the description, is for example only. Please understand that this is written as a demonstration method and not as a constraint method. I want to be understood.

In the drawing.

1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a first device with one piston according to the invention; FIG. can be, Figure 2 shows a different stage of the two-stroke operating cycle in the first device than in Figure 1. 2 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 1 showing the stone.

FIG. 3 shows a modification of the first device, Figures 4 and 5 show schematic lengths of the different operating cycle stages of a second device with two pistons. It is a sectional view in the hand direction.

6 and 7 are drawings similar to FIGS. 3 and 4 of a third device having a three-piston configuration. .

8 and 9 are drawings of a fourth device combined with a lubricating oil circulation device, FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the cross-sectional line XX in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a partial view of the vaned shaft of the fourth device, and FIG. 12 is a partial view of one end of the piston. FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the piston showing the array arrangement of the longitudinally grooved partial planes on the surface; and FIG. 14 are schematic layout diagrams of water-cooled and air-cooled jackets, respectively, Figures 15 and 16 show two exhaust manifolds suitable for use in an apparatus according to the invention. Figures 17 and 18 show the layout of the rows, respectively, with longitudinal lines passing through the auxiliary equipment. showing directional and lateral cross-sections; Figures 19 and 20 show an alternative valve arrangement.

FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of the modified piston arrangement, and FIGS. 22 and 23 show a perspective view of the modified piston arrangement. A drawing similar to FIGS. 8 and 9 showing a device with further modifications to the piston arrangement. Yes.

FIG. 24 illustrates a power boost device with the ability to increase overall engine power .

The first device illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a hollow cylinder 2. The wall 4 on one end side is provided with a hole having a bearing 6, and the output shaft 8 extends through the hole. The output shaft 8 is then slid into the axial groove 10 of the flywheel 12. Out The relative rotational movement between the force shaft 8 and the flywheel 12 is controlled by a key (not shown). This is prevented by wedging the grooves. The piston 16 is located in the chamber 14 of the hollow cylinder 2. The inner end of the output shaft 8 is connected to the piston. This piss The ton has an outer cylindrical surface 18, on which surface there are two circles providing a sinusoidal trajectory. A cam track with a large protrusion is formed.

The compression sealing ring 22 is located in the area of the opposite end face of the piston leading to the output shaft 8. The inner surface 24 of the hollow cylinder is provided in an annular groove of the piston 1641. The inner surface of the hollow cylinder, which acts as a scraper device for the Two cam followers 26 protrude from these. This cam follower 26 is a stack It may be configured in the form of a board or boss, or in the form of a cylindrical roller element as shown. this Cylindrical roller elements such as the Dome-shaped studs or bosses may be used for the path.

As seen in Figures 1 and 2, the left end of the chamber 14 of the hollow cylinder has a spark Plug 28 and fuel/oil mixture adjusted for two-stroke internal combustion cycle operation. An injection nozzle 30 as liquid equipment is provided. 1 is provided by injection nozzle 30. The spark plug 28 is in a flashing position to ignite the supplied fuel. The piston 16 shown in FIG. Cam in cam track 20 when piston is pushed to the right The behavior of the follower 26 is a piston that includes not only a longitudinal component but also a rotational component. This is a factor that causes the movement to occur. The range of movement of the longitudinal component is the cam trajectory. The path is constrained by the path of movement between the piston positions shown in Figures 1 and 2. The position shown in Figure 2 is the position of the exhaust boat formed inside the hollow cylinder 2. This is after the piston has moved to expose 32.

Thus, the piston movement is a 180° rotational movement for each movement amount of the spark plug 28. , but the longitudinal movement is shorter. Is the output shaft 8 also similarly short? Compatible with difficult movement movements. However, the output shaft 8 has a flywheel so that it can slide and move. A key groove is provided in the axial groove 10 of the eel, so that the movement of the rotational direction component is prevented. The force is transmitted to the flywheel.

Although the operation of this device is somewhat more noticeable than other well-known single-cylinder engine operations, Figures 1 and 2 have a sinusoidal curve with two rounded protrusions. Although the cam trajectory shown in Figure 3 is illustrated, it is also possible to use a single round protrusion shape as shown in Figure 3. It will be understood that the possible Like reference numbers are assigned to like parts. This transformation requires There is only one cam follower 26, and the longitudinal movement is in the arrangement shown in Figures 1 and 2. In many instances you will find that it will be larger than you need. Has 3 or more round protrusions that provide a constant high-speed piston stroke You can understand that this comes from the ability to use a wide but shallow piston.

In all cases a suitable water or air cooling jacket or may require other equipment, but for the sake of clarity in Figures 1 to 3, These items are excluded.

A second embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5; It is similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in many respects. But alone spark plug 34 and a single fuel injection nozzle 36 are placed in the middle region of the elongated cylinder 38. and within the cylinder there are two cam followers 44 each engaged with two cam followers 44. Two cylinders 40.4 with sinusoidal cam tracks 42 with rounded projections The difference is that 0' is accepted. In this way, the above two pistons are common The two engines share a common combustion chamber. The piston 4o is provided with a shaft 46, and this shaft 4 6 is housed in an axial groove 48 formed in the piston 40'. shaft 46 includes a wedge tightening element 50, which wedge tightening element is connected to the two pistons. The pistons are arranged so that relative movement in the longitudinal direction is allowed between them, but relative movement in the rotational direction is prevented. engages into a keyway in the axial groove 48 of the tongue 40'. Single spark plug 34 When actuated, the wedging element 50 fills into the axial groove 4o of the piston 40'. It acts as a protection against the possibility of damage caused by fuel ignition.

The piston 40' is fixed using a piston fixing method similar to that of the protruding shaft 6 in FIGS. 1 and 2. The projecting shaft 52 corresponds to the flywheel 12 in FIGS. 1 and 2. The arrangement with the flywheel 54 is also similar to that in FIGS. 1 and 2.

In this manner, the single spark plug 34 receives fuel from the single fuel injection nozzle 36. /When actuated to ignite the air mixture, the pistons move in the direction of separation from each other. However, in this case, both rotate in the same direction at the same time. Therefore, the rotation of the piston 40 is around the axis 4 6 to assist the rotation of the piston 40', and more power is output. Available at the end.

6 and 7 illustrate a third embodiment. In this third embodiment, the output shaft is serial. Even if movement in the longitudinal direction of the conductor and flywheel is permitted, It is possible to avoid any disadvantages that may occur under certain circumstances related to installation. The layout is shown with the output shaft extended.

In this embodiment, cylinder 56 has four combustion zones or combustion zones within chamber 58. There are three pistons 60, 62, 64 in one room 58, which has separate rooms A, B, C, and D. is accepted. Then, each piston is formed and arranged in the same way as above. It includes a sinusoidal cam track 66 that engages a cam follower 68 that is rotated. However, The piston has an axial passage and a gas-tight bearing located in the end wall of the cylinder 56. 72. It is assembled so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction on the through shaft 70 supported by bearings at 74. It is. As seen in the figure, the right end of the through shaft 70 is attached to a flywheel using the conventional method. Connected to rule 76.

However, the relative rotational movement between the pistons and the through shaft 70 is limited to the axis of each piston. The wedge clamping element 78 slides in relation to a keyway 80 formed in the directional passageway. This can be prevented by providing it on the shaft 70.

The operation of the third embodiment is as follows. That is, the pistons 60, 6 shown in FIG. 2. At position 64 the spark plugs 82 in combustion compartments B and D correspond to the nozzles. It operates to ignite the fuel/air mixture injected from 84. Therefore Pi The stones 60 and 64 move to the left, the piston 62 moves to the right, and the three pistons move to the left. The entire cylinder rotates 90' as the cylinder moves longitudinally. these pis When the ton reaches the position shown in FIG. Spark plugs 82 operate in combustion chambers A and C to ignite the gas mixture and Stones 60 and 64 are moved again toward the position of FIG.

The rotational movement of the piston is thus transmitted to the output shaft 70, and the effect is as follows. Each stroke of the piston is an explosive stroke that can obtain a considerable amount of power. . Furthermore, the presence of a through shaft in the center of each combustion chamber has a favorable effect on the distribution of the injected fuel. It's affecting me. The reason for this is that the deflection effect of the through shaft on the injected fuel mixture flow is utilized. Distributes fuel more evenly to every corner of the available space, ensuring reliable ignition and combustion compared to conventional methods. Providing a more balanced form of impingement on the piston end face than in a combustion engine It is in.

8-10 illustrate a fourth embodiment of the invention. In this fourth embodiment, the cylinder 8 6, and is incorporated into the cylinder 86 so as to be movable on the output shaft 92. Two pistons 88,90 are received, and an output shaft 92 is located at the end of cylinder 86. It is bearing supported by gas-tight bearings 94,96 in the wall. piston The operation of 88.90, spark plug 98 and associated injection nozzle 100 is the same as above. The piston makes a reciprocating motion on the output shaft 92, and this reciprocating motion has an axial component. and a rotational direction component. Both internal and external strokes are applied to each of the three combustion chambers. Since it is equipped with a spark plug 98 and a fuel injection nozzle 100, the explosion stroke and Become. The construction of pistons 88 and 90, however, does not allow for a two-stroke cycle. Enables separate oil supply rather than oil-added fuel as in the case of Let me describe it by referring to the conventional lubrication system.

Each piston 88,90 has a main body 102 and two end plates 104, each piston 88,90 having a main body 102 and two end plates 104. is threadedly engaged with the main body. Oil seal 106 is added to piston ring 108 will be prepared. A further oil seal 110 is provided within the annular block 112. This annular block forms the end face of the hollow chamber E within the piston. Cam orbit 11 4 is provided in the annular block 112 and the cam follower 1 is mounted in a manner similar to that described above. 16. Two pairs of flanges 118 extend from the main portion block 102 to the hollow chamber E. protrudes inward. Between each pair of flanges are two One of the vanes 120 is received. The output shaft 92 is for most of its illustrated length. is empty and provides a centrally located flow path for oil supply from the oil supply device 124. I'm offering it. Orifice 126 directs oil to hollow chamber E and from there to a current limiting orifice. 126 to the cam raceway 114 for lubrication of the piston movement. Melt. Transport of oil from the outer surface of the piston between the cam raceway 114 and the oil seal A helical groove 128 is provided in the inner wall of the cylinder 86 for the purpose of extending the oil supply system. The oil is removed by vacuum pump means (not shown) for reuse at station 124. Can be returned to external sump.

a radially extending grooved partial plane 13 on the outer front surface of each end plate 104; 0 (FIG. 12), each longitudinally grooved partial plane in the axial plane inclined with respect to the radial plane of the cylinder 86 with an intermediate intervening surface occupying a position. It is arranged on a flat surface with a The effect of such a layout is that the vertical An angular impact occurs on the surface 130 of the grooved subplane, which causes the desired rotation. It functions to enhance exercise.

From the point of view of cooling the illustrated device, the cylinder has a water cooling jacket 1 as shown in FIG. 34 or in an air cooling jacket as shown in FIG. air cooling In a jacketed arrangement, the fan blade or turbine blade array 138 penetrates the annular space between the cooling jacket and the cylinder. Providing air blowing in the direction of arrow F There is an idea that it is possible to receive this. Also, suction of air through the annular space A second fan 140 may be provided to assist in this.

The space between the cooling jacket and the cylinder can be reduced here and there by proper duct arrangement. For the containment and removal of exhaust gases from the exhaust port 32.32' as shown in the figure. can be used for These exhaust ports in the embodiment are typically for simplicity purposes. Although illustrated as a port without a valve, the exhaust port is 15 and 16 according to the desired gas flow characteristics. Cross-sectional views of exhaust systems with 3-port and 2-port layouts are shown. are doing. These figures show a cylinder with a shaft 144 passing through the piston. 142, the piston is located between the cylinder 142 and the jacket 152. It has a boat 146 connected to an exhaust manifold arrangement 148 via an annular space 150. are doing. The fuel/air inlet location is also shown at 154.

FIG. 17 shows a diagrammatic arrangement of the chamber side in a layout using the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. Although the diagram is shown, the necessary auxiliary equipment is also included. Piston-series for simplicity The part of the printer device is indicated by area F.

Although an air cooling arrangement may prove sufficient, FIG. 8 to radiator G (not shown). be. Drive from device F, exhaust impeller 160 from exhaust manifold 162 Exhaust gas is discharged and the induction impeller 164 directs the fuel/air in the induction manifold 166. A generator and control device arrangement 168 for maintaining normal air-fuel mixture pressure is provided on the auxiliary shaft 170. Built-in.

If the power-requiring equipment is not directly on the shaft, it can be mounted on a gear or crank as needed. It will be appreciated that operation can be done via a latching device.

In particular, layout problems that arise with the use of multiple intake and exhaust components to improve combustion. problems may result in the use of special valve equipment.

Such a valve device is shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. Referring to FIG. The magnet 172 is provided with a central gap 174 through which the stem 176 of the valve 178 extends. It is. Stem 176 is installed in a plain bearing 180 (FIG. 18) in the manifold body. be done. The outer end of the bulb is provided with a collar 182, and the collar and electromagnet 172 are connected to each other. A compression spring 184 is provided which is received between. by excitation of an electromagnet Collar 182 is attracted and compresses a compression spring, which is connected to an electromagnet. Figure 1 acts as a torsion spring to pull the valve back to its original position when the valve is demagnetized. 18 shows that one of the valves 178 is in an energized state and one is in a demagnetized state. There is. The energization of electromagnet 172 is controlled by a suitable electronic sequence controller. current flows through the valve in the desired sequence, but the power is initially (not available) from the battery and later from the generator 168. C Control of can speed is also based on the throttling action of the fuel/air supply (carburetor). There will be.

An alternative valve is shown in FIG. Inside this, a small linear motor 186 is It surrounds the stem 176 of the motor, and the stem serves as the armature of the motor. (Illustrated A frequency converter or frequency generator (not included) will be included in the device. the This is because the speed of linear motors usually depends on the frequency of the alternating current. frequency The number converter here affects the sequencer and therefore the valve 178.

Still other alternative arrangements are illustrated in FIGS. 21-23.

Therein, the end surface 188 of the piston has a cylindrical flange extending axially in the shape of a skirt. 190. The flange has a gap 192, which gap (e.g. cylinder wall gap (such as cylinder 86) coincides with the gap in the cylinder wall at certain stages within one cycle. It is arranged so that Pressurization of the fuel/air mixture present in the cylinder opening condition and the exhaust system is in a reduced pressure (vacuum pump) condition, the skirted flap The engine 190 has a sleeve valve type operation with non-moving parts other than the piston itself. This is illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 23. this The illustrated parts similar to those illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9 include, for example, a spark plug. Similar reference numbers are provided with a suffix such as 98'. Driving order is similar to that described in connection with FIGS. 8 and 9. However, FIG. In FIG. 23, the pistons 88', 90' are attached to the skirt flanges 190 described above. Equipped with Gap 192 is shaped and positioned according to the layout of the piston and cylinder arrangement. However, in the current layout, e.g. intermediate spark plug operation Sometimes the diagram (in Figure 22) is drawn from a position that allows the spark to ignite the fuel/air mixture. 23 in a position that allows passage of exhaust gas through the exhaust port 32'. This includes driving such as: The flange 190 is a sleeve valve. Since the exhaust port 32' functions as a valve, the exhaust port 32' is not equipped with a valve. in this way The only moving parts within this arrangement are the shaft and piston.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the jet engine has an afterburn capability. an arrangement that provides a short-term shock or boost to a piston engine in a similar manner to It will be adopted as appropriate. Figure 24 illustrates this in the context in which the present invention is disclosed. An example of a boost arrangement is shown.

The engines 194 configured as described above each include one engine at the front and rear ends of the engine body. to drive compressor or fan devices 196 and 198, which are arranged one after the other. The sea urchins are placed in

The fan directs a large amount of air into the annular space between the engine cylinder and the outer jacket 202. Send it to 200 minutes. The engine is cooled by this airflow, but this air is divided into two Surrounding the contoured airflow control body 204 behind the fan and second fan 198. compressed by the jacket profile structure.

The compressed air now flows into the annular combustion chamber 206, which contains (additional mixing air) Air-free) fuel is ejected from the spray nozzle array 208 in the form of fine droplets. will be supplied.

The high temperature gas generated by the ignition at this stage is transferred to the turbine 2 connected to the engine 194. 10, thereby helping to increase the engine's power. exhaust gas It also contributes to thrust countermeasures, thereby increasing the overall power output. this The arrangement conventionally includes stator blades 212 along with turbine blades. . The stator blades are assembled in conjunction with a further contoured structure section 214 and this ring The enclosure portion 214 includes an exhaust outlet 2 to assist in controlling exhaust gas pressure and velocity. It is adapted to allow axial movement relative to 16.

Various modifications may be made within the scope of the following claims.

Copy and translation of written amendment) Submission form (Article 184-8 of the Patent Act) November 14, 1994

Claims (20)

[Claims] 1. a cylinder and at least one piston having a cylindrical outer surface and extending longitudinally; an output element suitable for rotation about an axis that extends at least in part; includes a chamber defined by the inner surface of the cylinder, and the piston is located within the inner surface of the cylinder. Piston and cylinder devices suitable for contributing to movements with a longitudinal component cam means including a first cam portion and a second cam portion; from a cam track arrangement formed in one of said surfaces and the other of said cam portion. one of the cam fins is adapted for engagement with the cam track arrangement formed in the other of the surfaces; a follower means, the cam means imparting a rotational direction component to the movement of the piston; The rotational movement generated in the output element corresponds to the movement of the piston. A piston having a configuration and operating method derived from a rotational direction component of cylinder device. 2. Claim 1, wherein the cam track arrangement is formed within an outer surface of the piston. a sinusoidal cam trajectory, the cam follower means protruding from the inner surface of the chamber; A piston and cylinder arrangement consisting of at least one cam follower Place. 3. In claim 2, the cam follower is one of a stud device and a roller device. A piston and cylinder device consisting of either of the above. 4. Piston according to claim 2, wherein the cam track has two rounded projections. and cylinder equipment. 5. Piston according to claim 2, wherein the cam track has three rounded projections. and cylinder equipment. 6. In any of the preceding claims, the two or more pistons are part of a single cylinder. arranged in tandem in a chamber, and the chamber is divided into a plurality of compartments by the piston. piston and cylinder device. 7. According to claim 6, each of said compartments is provided with ignition means and two predetermined sparks are provided. The piston is operated on either the stroke cycle or the 4-stroke cycle. Stone and cylinder equipment. 8. In claim 1, the output element is arranged to axially pass through the piston. The rotation is guaranteed by the rotational direction component of the movement of the piston, and the output requirement is The raw axial movement is minimized or A piston and cylinder device guaranteed to be blocked. 9. In any of the preceding claims, the movement of the piston is driven by a chemical energy source and pistons and systems started and maintained by any source of electrical energy; Linda device. 10. According to claim 9, the piston and the cylinder are characterized in that the energy source is liquid fuel. Linda device. 11. 2. The piston of claim 1, wherein the piston moves within a chamber within the cylinder. It is designed as such and has a circular or annular end face suitable for absorbing the generated impact, radially such that the end face is in an inclined arrangement with respect to the radial plane of the piston; Pistons and cylinders having partial planes arranged in a columnar arrangement with extending longitudinal grooves. Device. 12. In any of claims 1 and 11, the output element comprises a flywheel arrangement. A piston and cylinder device configured to drive and cooperate with each other. 13. In any of the preceding claims, two pistons sharing a common combustion chamber are provided. A piston and cylinder device comprising: 14. Claim 13, wherein the two pistons further include side protection for two combustion chambers. A piston and cylinder device made of 15. In any one of claims 6 to 14, the piston has a continuous shaft passing through the piston. an axially disposed passageway, the shaft has a wedging element, and the piston has a wedge between the shaft and the piston; and a groove for receiving the wedge tightening element to prevent relative rotational movement between the wedge and the wedge. a piston and cylinder device, further comprising the shaft passing through each of the combustion chambers. . 16. In claim 6, flow paths for water cooling, oil supply, air and exhaust gas are defined. an outer cylindrical sleeve arrangement that defines an axially and/or or a piston comprising a radially separated inlet and outlet of said flow passage. and cylinder equipment. 17. 17. According to claim 16, at least the gas flow is tangentially split and exits. A piston and cylinder controlled by a solenoid valve that operates at the inlet and outlet of the flow. Da device. 18. In either of claims 1 and 6, at least one end surface of the piston is a cylindrical flange extending axially from the end face in the shape of a skirt; Piston and cylinder device. 19. 19. The skirt of claim 18, wherein the skirt slides at appropriate stages of the driving cycle. A piston with a gap arranged such that the inlet and outlet of the flow path coincide, such as a pipe valve. Stone and cylinder equipment. 20. In any of the preceding claims, the output element allows bypass airflow. turbine or similar propeller blades with additional fuel injection means in the afterbar. A piston and cylinder device provided for achieving the na position.