JPH07500243A - Natamycin treatment of dried whole grains - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] name of invention Natamycin treatment of dried whole grains Background of the invention The present invention provides methods for controlling and/or preventing the growth of yeast, molds and other fungi. The present invention relates to a method of treating dried whole grains with natamycin for the purpose of treating dry whole grains with natamycin.

Whole dry grain should be stored under conditions that minimize microbial attack with toxin formation. It is desirable that Fungal attack is due to the fact that fungi have a strong tendency to attack grains. This is particularly troublesome because of the toxicity of mycotoxins produced by several species of fungi. maybe the most The grain-attacking mycotoxin-producing microorganisms that appear to be widespread are filamentous fungi and Fusarium, Penjcilliu n+) and Aspergillus filamentous fungi.

Storage in silos is recommended for grain or grain where mitotoxin production must be limited. Long-term storage of fresh grass has not been completely successful.

For example, the customary practice of using silos is to ferment the forage to increase its acidity. In this case, acidity is controlled but toxins (such as i.e., the formation of significant amounts of toxins (released by the metabolic activity of certain fungi) Not prevented. Fermentation is disadvantageous in that it reduces the forage nutritional value of the stored forage. be.

Use of antibiotics to control microbial growth on fresh grass stored in silos The use of long-term storage in a humid environment, usually in silo storage, usually results in high concentrations of antibiotics. It is not generally done because it is necessary.

To directly and almost completely prevent attack of all organisms on grains with high moisture content It has long been recognized that whole grains require drying before storage. but However, drying alone does not improve the long-term suitability of whole grains, such as from harvest to harvest. protection is not achieved.

Recently, the generally accepted methods for protecting grain from losses during storage are: The grain is treated with propionic acid. Propionic acid is usually added to the grain. Sprayed at a rate of 1 to 5 pounds per ton. This process is particularly useful for long-term In the case of storage, complete success does not come. Propionic acid is volatile and evaporates.

Additionally, propionic acid is corrosive to process equipment, especially pumps, which can be expensive. If it is not made of corrosion-resistant metal, it will be damaged. More importantly, propionic acid Does not effectively control certain molds, fungi, yeasts, etc. that attack grain during storage.

Natamycin is generally known to be useful as an antifungal agent. Natama Isin is a member of the polyene family of antifungal agents. This family is lacto It is characterized by a macrolide ring of carbon atoms closed by ring formation, and a series of conjugated double Has a bond. Members of this family are characterized by the number of double bonds and the They are classified depending on whether they contain cosidic carbohydrates or not. compound natamai Syn is a tetraene with a molecular weight of about 666 and is generally used in C33H<tN OIs. Contains a glycosidic carbohydrate residue, mycosamine, with the corresponding molecular formula do. Natamycin exhibits an isoelectric point of pH 6.5.

The structure of natamycin has two configurations, namely the enol structure. and has a keto structure.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for storing dried whole grain. virtue In addition, the present invention provides a method for treating grain with polyenes to reduce damage associated with fungal attack. Regarding the law.

Particular emphasis is placed on the use of natamycin in the treatment of dried whole grain; A method for controlling and/or reducing fungal contamination during storage of dried whole grains. is intended to encompass the use of any member of the polyene family that is valid for It is something.

Summary of the invention The present invention provides a method for controlling and/or protecting dried whole grain from fungal contamination. The method achieved only by the use of lien antibiotics, especially natamycin, and relating to the products manufactured thereby. The present invention also relates to Control and/or prevent contamination of whole dry grain with mycotoxins. present invention storage of dried whole grain for extended periods of time virtually free of fungal contamination. enable. Polyenes are suitable for providing polyenes to whole grains in an effective manner. The dry whole grain is sprayed, mixed, etc. by any suitable technique.

Details of the invention A good explanation is that antibiotic analogies from the polyene family are used in dry whole grain storage. Concerning treatment with small amounts of vanatamycin. The presence of polyenes prevents fungal attack, Growth of, for example, fungi, molds, yeast, etc., as well as possible mycotoxins. prevent contamination from

The invention also allows grain to be stored for very long periods of time and eventually removed from storage. improve the quality of the grain that is harvested (e.g. grain that is harvested is substantially free from fungi); Therefore, it is not contaminated).

According to the invention, the term polyene antibiotics is defined by the fermentation of Streptomyces species. one or more of the recognized classes of antibiotics that are particularly effective against fungi. is defined as two or more members and means that. Equivalent polyene derivatives, and For example, esters, salts, etc. are also included. Furthermore, control and/or prevention of fungal contamination Other pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives of natamycin that are effective in inhibiting can be used for Generally, the polyenes preferred for use in the present invention are Consists of Ishin. Natamycin typically provides long-term antifungal protection at relatively low non-toxic concentrations and therefore natamycin is economical for long-term grain storage.

"Biologically effective amount" means a dose that is adequate for the intended use of the grain being stored. Fungal control, i.e., keeping the grain free from fungi, molds, yeasts, etc. during the entire storage period. polyene antibiotics in sufficient quantities to provide adequate protection from growth and mycotoxin contamination. Defined as the presence of a substance and its remaining active for a sufficient period of time.

"Grain" can be used over a long period of time, for example from harvest to spring for seed grain, or for grain processing. 1 or 2 stored in a dry state from harvest to harvest for continuous production of food It is defined as a grain that is more than a seed. In particular, human food and animal feed For example, monocot grains used in cereal foods, seeds, etc. are intended; Corn, goby corn, oat, barley, rice, rye, wheat, grass Included are seeds, canola and sunflower seeds, soybeans, and the like.

“Whole grain J” means grain that has not been substantially ground or otherwise destroyed. Defined as a grain having a complete surrounding husk. For example, whole grain The term refers to the growing substrate corn on the cob and/or the individual grains. Defined as and includes corn-like grains. However, this word The grains are ground when the individual grains are ground, such as in conventional animal feed (e.g. bird feed). It does not include grains in which the protective epithelium of the grain has been cleaved or destroyed.

"Storage" refers to storing grain in its dry whole grain form for a long period of time, i.e. 1-2 weeks. Defined as a technique that holds for a month or more.

Storage is carried out in large grain warehouses, bins, bags, etc. In an important aspect of the invention Storage should ensure that the grain is not significantly altered or contaminated by microbial attack. The purpose is to maintain the storage material substantially in its initial state of storage.

"Drying" means drying the grain in the sun or heat to reduce the initial moisture content to at least about 3 Defined as reducing 0% by weight to about 15% or less, typically 7% .

"Non-toxic" refers to polyenes and the materials used with them according to the present invention. , meaning the concentration for effective biological protection of the grain. Does non-toxic mean polyene? Unacceptable amounts of mycotoxins from toxic chemicals or fungal invasion Not included.

The polyene (e.g., natamycin) is about 5 grams per tonne to at least about 5 grams per tonne. Useful in amounts of only 0g and effective in controlling fungal attack or infestation at this amount. On the other hand, food consumed by animals and/or humans (e.g. animal feed) ) is non-toxic.

from about 5.5 ppm to at least about 55 ppm based on the weight of dry grain to be treated Natamycin concentrations of m are non-toxic and have no significant fungal invasion and/or Biologically effective in protecting grain for two months or more against toxin contamination. be. However, the exact amount to be used that is sufficiently effective against the fungus depends on the specific storage conditions. Depends on.

Relatively large amounts of polyenes may be required if storage conditions favor the metabolic activity of the fungus. It will be. warm, humid, neutral pH, contains oxygen, and is metabolizable Storage conditions, including substrates, must be compared to be effective for protection against fungi. Requires relatively large amounts of polyene. Potential for fungal growth and/or toxin contamination The amount of polyene needed to prevent The amount may be less than the actual amount. Therefore, it is advantageous to process whole grains immediately after drying. It is.

Furthermore, fungi can be consumed by fungi in the internal areas of the grain, e.g. Attacks defects in whole grains that allow fungal entry into grains (containing starches and sugars) Tend. For example, grains are attacked by fungi during drying, transportation, etc. You may sustain an injury that makes you more susceptible to injury. In particular, dried whole grains May contain or develop cracks sufficient to allow fungal entry. Also, grain Eyes are particularly susceptible to injury and therefore remain intact even in the absence of epithelial cracks. attacked by bacteria. In cases of extensive fungal attack of stored grain, storage containers (e.g. the presence of fungi and their toxins (making all the grain in the grain warehouse completely unsuitable).

The preferred form of the polyene is crystalline. However, the practice of the invention requires fungal Any morphological state that is valid for is allowed. The polyene used in the present invention is , can exist in one or more hydrated forms (e.g. mono- and trihydrates) . The trihydrate form is advantageous in some embodiments of the invention due to its stability. be.

Natamycin is an acceptable polyene for the practice of this invention; Qualitatively insoluble in water. Certain non-toxic, biologically equivalent derivatives of natamycin The body is water soluble. Biologically equivalent induction of natamycin and/or water soluble The body adds the desired polyene to the dried whole grain in a manner that is biologically effective against fungi. The grain is fed in any convenient manner. For example, polyene (1 type or (or two or more) can be applied to the grain by aerosol, mist, mist, powder, aqueous suspension, or solution. Can be applied (sprayed, mixed, coated, etc.) as a liquid, etc. Excess wetting of dry grain should be avoided (e.g. moisture increases the growth rate of invading fungi) . Typically, the polyene is added to the grain while it is being delivered or transported to a storage facility, e.g. Supplied when transferring to large grain warehouses, bins, bags, etc. distributed (e.g. uniformly), Care must be taken to ensure that the polyene application remains throughout the grain throughout storage. is necessary.

In one embodiment of the invention, the polyene is suspended in a non-toxic liquid carrier to form dried whole grains. is sprayed on. If a non-toxic liquid carrier is used for polyene application, the liquid The carrier generally should not be a solvent for the polyene. However, non-toxic liquids certain biologically effective and/or pharmaceutically acceptable substances that are soluble in the carrier; Using polyene derivatives alone and/or with natamycin You can also do it. Suitable non-toxic liquid carriers include those from the following groups: alcohols, e.g. It consists of at least one of tanol, water, etc. In addition to non-toxic liquid carriers, in suspension It is advantageous to include non-toxic wetting agents or surfactants. non-toxic wetting agent improves the penetration of coating and/or dried whole grain into cracks by suspensions. Facilitation tends to increase the effectiveness of the polyene.

In another aspect of the invention, the polyene is powdered to increase its surface area. Finely divided or ground into powder. Increased surface area allows for even distribution throughout the dry whole grain (e.g., the relatively small Small grains can be easily mixed directly with whole grain for storage).

If the grain is stored in a generally dark, dry environment, the safe storage period may vary depending on the treatment concentration. It was a surprising discovery that the relationship disappeared. For example, a dark dry environment natamycin in an amount that will provide adequate antifungal protection for approximately 2 months in grains stored in If applied to the whole grain, it will usually improve yield even with significantly longer storage periods (e.g. (from harvest to harvest), there is no need to increase the amount of natamycin used. For example, A suspension consisting of Tamycin, a non-toxic liquid carrier and a wetting agent is sprayed onto the grain to be stored. If it can be played and stored in a dark, dry environment for at least about two weeks, it is true. It should be expected that it will reduce, if not prevent, bacterial attack. this is The premise, of course, is that natamycin is chemically stable under storage conditions.

In some embodiments of the invention, the polyene is combined with other processes and/or materials. It is advantageous to use it also. For example, the polyene suspension described above contains multiple Other materials can be included such that dry grain processing is performed at the same time. difference More importantly, the polyene treatment of the present invention does not affect the subsequent processing or processing of the treated whole grain. or use in the final product (e.g., The processed whole grains are removed from storage and processed directly into flakes, cracked grains, etc. can).

Although not wishing to be bound by any theory or explanation, is active or effective against fungi, but not against bacteria. One explanation is It may be that fungi contain ergosterol in their membranes (bacteria have no (not included).

Generally, if the environment is suitable, the fungus will continue to grow until it comes into contact with natamycin. Ru. The theoretical mechanism of polyene action is that polyene molecules and fungi, filamentous fungi, yeast, etc. This is a bond with ergosterol present in the cell membrane. Combined with ergosterol The effect of ergosterol addition on the antifungal activity of polyenes against fungi Evidenced by neutralizing action. The complex between the polyene and the fungal cell membrane permeates the membrane. It is thought to change sex. Polyenes are relatively large molecules that increase surface pressure. This leads to the induction of ergosterol rearrangement within the membrane, resulting in This is because the permeability of cell membranes changes, causing osmotic shock. This osmotic pressure usually sufficient to impede, if not stop, the metabolic activity of the fungus. (e.g. polyenes cause irregular fungal growth, spore formation).

An important aspect of the present invention is that very small amounts of polyenes such as natamycin are present in whole grains. To effectively prevent excessive contamination by mycotoxins during storage . This is when the grain is used in food and human food (e.g. cereal food) This is extremely important.

In this case, the polyene compound is compatible with human and/or animal consumption. It has to be something. The polyene used in the present invention is highly effective in humans and animals. and non-toxic. Generally ingested by animals (e.g., cows, birds, pigs, etc.) Polyenes usually do not remain in animal meat. Therefore, polyene calls it It is not harmful to humans if ingested by animals that have consumed feed containing it. On the contrary, fungi Animals exposed to . Such fungi and/or toxins are harmful to humans who consume the meat of our animals. The present invention can be used to prevent significant exposure of these animals to fungi and/or desirable for use as a control technique (e.g., eventually Polyene treatment of whole grains that are ground for animal feed (preventing and/or controlling exposure to germs). Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is If the animal being processed is exposed to fungi, their toxins and/or antifungal agents, Control fungal attack on whole grains used for animal feed to avoid contamination. and/or prevention.

Although some aspects and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention In addition to these examples, many combinations, equivalents, and modifications are included. This will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

Copy and translation of written amendment) Submission form (Article 184-7, Paragraph 1 of the Patent Act) January 24, 1994

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. The whole grain is dried to a moisture content of less than about 15%, and the dried grain is treated with a biologically effective amount of Treatment with non-toxic polyene antibiotics substantially eliminates fungal contamination on the grain. How to prevent it from happening. 2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyene antibiotic comprises natamycin. 3. The amount of natamycin is from about 5.5 ppm to at least about 5.5 ppm based on the weight of the grain. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the amount is 55 ppm. 4. Grains include soybeans, corn, oats, barley, grass seeds, wheat, rye, and rice. , and at least one grain selected from the group consisting of sunflower seeds. The method described in claim 2. 5. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises mixing dried whole grain with a polyene. 6. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the polyene is comminuted before mixing with the whole grain. 7. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment consists of spraying the whole grain with polyene. 8. Claim 7 further comprising spraying a suspension comprising a polyene and a non-toxic liquid carrier. Method described. 9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the suspension includes a wetting agent. 10. A shelf-stable grain product consisting of whole grain and polyene antibiotics. 11. 11. The product of claim 10, wherein the polyene antibiotic consists of natamycin. 12. The amount of natamycin ranges from about 5.5 ppm to at least 5.5 ppm based on the weight of the grain. 12. The product of claim 11, wherein the product is about 55 ppm. 13. Whole grains include soybeans, corn, oats, barley, turfgrass seeds, wheat, and rice. Claim 10 consisting of at least one type of grain selected from the group consisting of wheat and rice. Products listed in.