JPH0739267A - Biocompatible marker - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a biocompatible external marker for fish and crustacean, little falling off from such organisms and staying in them for a long period of time, using a biocompatible material. CONSTITUTION:This external marker for fish and crustacean can be obtained using a biocompatible material, pref. hydroxyapatite or A-W crystallized glass. This marker is nontoxic, deteriorates little in vivo, causes no unnecessary biological reactions, and also little reacts with foreign substances, therefore, being useful for stocking the sea with fish or crustacean or their growth control.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an external marker which is attached to a target organism and is used for individual identification when controlling the release or breeding of fish and shellfish.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, a method of labeling a target sample is generally used as an individual label used for releasing or managing the labeling of fish and shellfish. This includes external labels that can be directly discriminated from the outside, internal labels that inject dyes, latex or metal moldings into the sample, internal labels that chemically stain a part of biological tissue, and even a part of the sample. A labeling method or the like that makes it possible to make a distinction by excising is used. Among these, from the distinguishing property when the labeled sample is recaptured and the trouble when labeling a large amount of sample,
What can be labeled directly on the outside of the sample is desired.

Such external markers for fish and shellfish, when used at the time of release, provide qualitative information such as discrimination, distribution, migration, and migration of stocks, growth, resource amount, survival rate,
Used to obtain quantitative information such as mortality coefficient.
In breeding management such as seed production and aquaculture, it is used for individual identification of parent fish and reared fish and management of the number of fish.

The external sign is made of a metal or a plastic having a synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride as a base material, and various types are used depending on the shape and mounting method. Currently used external markers are Atkins (Atk), which is a nylon plate or metal wire that penetrates the body of the target organism and is attached with a metal plate or a plastic plate based on a synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride.
ins) type, a pair of metal or plastic plates placed on both sides of the body and fixed with metal wires or pins Petersen
Attach a metal or plastic arrowhead to the tip of the mold or vinyl tube, and insert the arrowhead part into the body by inserting a Dart type or nylon H-shaped pin through the body and one end of the pin. Tag pin type that makes it possible to write characters by making a plate shape or by attaching a vinyl tube, a ribbon (Ribon) type that attaches a vinyl or Teflon band with a needle at the end penetrating the body and so on.

However, the external markers used up to now have an extremely short period of time after they have been attached because of the lack of strength or durability of the material from which they are manufactured in water and the marked damage to living tissues. There was a drawback that most of them dropped out. In addition, even if it does not fall off, there is a defect that the sample may die due to the influence of the attachment of the label or that the tissue may show abnormal behavior due to damage to the living tissue. In addition, in shellfish, there was a drawback that the label frequently dropped and the sample died due to the ecological feature of molting.

[0006]

From this point of view,
The development of external tags for fish and shellfish, which do not drop out and do not affect the target organisms, is an urgent and greatest problem that must be resolved in the effective deployment of tag release or rearing management.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have produced an external marker for fish and shellfish with a biocompatible material, whereby the label binds to the biological tissue of fish or shellfish used as a sample, As a result, it is considered that the influence on the sample is reduced and the loss of the label is suppressed, and based on this idea, bioceramic, which is a kind of biocompatible material used as a bioimplant material in the medical field, is used. As a result of prototyping and evaluating molded and processed external markers for fish and shellfish, it was found that the drop rate was significantly lower than that of conventional markers and that it showed high affinity for the biological tissue of the target sample.
The present invention has been completed based on this finding.

[0008] That is, the object of the present invention is achieved by an external marker for fish and shellfish which is produced from a biocompatible material, preferably bioceramic, more preferably hydroxyapatite and / or AW crystallized glass. To be done.

The present invention can also be achieved by an external marker for fish and shellfish, wherein the portion made of a material having biocompatibility is embedded in the fish or shellfish.

[0010]

As a material having biocompatibility used in the present invention, stainless steel (nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel 3
16L), cobalt-chromium alloy (Vitalli
um)), titanium and titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V
a) and other metal materials, high density polyethylene (HDP) and other plastic materials, and alumina (Al
₂ O _3), carbon (C), titania (TiO _2), titanium nitride (TiN), zirconia (ZrO _2), calcium aluminate _{(CaO-Al 2 O 3)} , aluminum silicate (Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ ), bioglass _{(SiO 2 -Na 2 O-CaO} -P 2 O 5), wollastonite (CaO-SiO _2), glass ceramic _{(SiO 2 -Na 2 O-CaO} -Ca 3 (PO 4) -M
gO-K ₂ O), Serabitaru (Ceravital) (Na ₂ O-
_{K 2 O-MgO-CaO-} SiO 2 -P 2 O 5), A-
W (apatite-wollastonite) crystallized glass (MgO-Ca
O-SiO ₂ -P ₂ O ₅ -based crystallized glass) and hydroxyapatite (Ca ₁₀ (PO ₄ ) ₆ (OH) ₂ ) and other bioceramic materials are mentioned, but preferably they have higher biocompatibility. It is a bioceramic.

Further, the above-mentioned bioceramics used as the bioimplant material are roughly classified into two types, a bioinert type and a bioactive type. The bio-inert type includes metal oxides such as alumina, titania, zirconia, and aluminosilicate, and silicon nitride and carbon, which are materials that are mutually non-invasive to the living body. On the other hand, the bioactive type has the ability to bind to hard tissue or soft tissue in the body, and is used as artificial bone, artificial joint, dental implant and percutaneous terminal, hydroxyapatite (HAP), bioglass. Alternatively, there is AW crystallized glass or the like. The biocompatible material of the present invention, which remains in the body for a long time as an external marker for fish and shellfish, and further needs to be promptly healed by a wound at the time of wearing, so that deterioration of the material in the body A bioactive bioceramic, which is a material that is small, does not cause unnecessary biological reaction, has no toxicity, and has extremely little foreign body reaction and is integrated with biological tissue, is more preferable.

Next, as the material used for the production of the external marker for fish and shellfish of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned biocompatible material alone, for example, a metal or plastic material having no biocompatibility. Alternatively, a metal or plastic material having a relatively low biocompatibility is used as a base material, and a material having a higher biocompatibility than the base material on the surface of the base material,
Preferably, the bioactive bioceramic is a CVD method, P
It includes a biocomposite material that is used in a complex manner as a coating material for the VD method, the chemical deposition method, the thermal spraying method, and the like. In addition, a material having biocompatibility is used only for the external labeling part of the part implanted in the living body of fish and shellfish, and a metal or plastic material having no biocompatibility is used for the other parts. Even if it is an external marker for fish and shellfish, which includes a biocomposite material and is characterized in that the part made of a material having biocompatibility is embedded in the fish or shellfish. Good.

The method for producing the material having biocompatibility and the external label using the material is not particularly limited, and conventionally known methods can be used. When hydroxyapatite, which is one of the most suitable biocompatible materials, is used, any of wet method, dry method, hydrothermal method or flux method can be used. A synthetic apatite of usually 0.1 to 1.0 μm microcrystalline, crystalline by the dry method, a single crystal of several mm by the hydrothermal method, and 1 cm or more by the flux method can be produced. This is subjected to 500 to 130 in air or vacuum by atmospheric pressure sintering or hot pressing.
By sintering without decomposition in the temperature range of 0 ° C., hydroxyapatite as a dense or porous ceramics can be obtained. Next, the external marker (a part of it) can be produced by cutting the obtained hydroxyapatite sintered body into a desired shape such as an arrowhead. In addition, if it has a simple shape, it is also possible to obtain an external marker by sintering what was previously molded into a desired shape at the time of sintering.

Further, as the external marker of the present invention, various types conventionally used can be applied and used depending on the shape and the mounting method. For example, a string material or wire material (bar material) made of a material having biocompatibility is penetrated through the body of a fish or a shell, and a metal plate or a plastic plate whose base is a synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride Attaching Atkins type, paired metal and plastic plates are applied to both sides of the body and fixed with wire rod (rod) or pin of biocompatible material, Petersen type, vinyl tube Attach a barb made of a biocompatible material to the tip, pierce the barb into the body, and insert a Dart type, and an H type pin made of a biocompatible material to penetrate the body. , Tag pin type in which one end of the pin is plate-shaped or a vinyl tube is attached so that characters can be written in, a vinylie with a needle made of a biocompatible material at the end Ribbon that is made of a material that has a biocompatibility
on) type can be applied.

[0015]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Examples.

Example 1 Hydroxyapatite (hereinafter also simply referred to as HAP)
A rod having a diameter of 1.6 mm was produced from the dense sintered body by cutting, and the rod was made to have a length of 24 mm and used as an external marker. Total length 1
Using a flounder of 1 to 15 cm as a sample, an external marker made of HAP was attached to 5 fish. In addition, an acrylic resin-made external label was used as a control, and it was similarly attached to 5 Japanese flounders.

After mounting, each sample was grown in a cage at a fisheries test site, and after 4 weeks, the dropout rate of the external marker mounted on each sample was investigated. The results obtained are shown in Table 1.

[0018]

[Table 1] Example 2 As a sample, an external marker was attached in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a yellowtail (Hamachi) having a total length of 22 to 25 cm was used in place of the flatfish, and the marker was attached to the lower part of the dorsal fin of the yellowtail.

After mounting, each sample was grown in a cage at a fisheries test site, and after 2 weeks, the dropout rate of the external marker attached to each sample was investigated. The obtained results are shown in Table 2.

[0020]

[Table 2] Furthermore, a sample was collected 8 weeks after the attachment, the tissue around the external marker made of HAP was cut into slices, the nucleus was stained with hematoxylin solution for about 15 minutes, washed with water, colored, and then with eosin solution. After staining for 1 minute, fractionation with an alcohol series solution of increasing concentration, dehydration, clearing with xylol and mounting with a mounting medium (hematoxylin-eosin staining), the slices were observed with a microscope. FIG. 1 shows a tissue photograph around the HAP-made external marker. From FIG. 1, the foreign body reaction (inflamed tissue) was hardly seen in the living tissue around the HAP-made external marker, indicating that the HAP-made external marker is compatible with the tissue. On the other hand, a polyvinyl chloride dart-type external marker was attached to the lower part of the dorsal fin of the yellowtail as a control in the same manner as above, a sample was collected 8 weeks after the attachment, and the tissue around the external marker was cut into thin pieces. Then, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed in the same manner as above, and the slice was observed with a microscope. FIG. 2 shows a photograph of the structure around a yellow-tailed yellowtail embedded with a polyvinyl chloride dart-shaped external marker. From FIG. 2, thickly encapsulated living tissue is recognized around the polyvinyl chloride external marker. This indicates that polyvinyl chloride is a material having no biocompatibility.

Example 3 Diameter 2.4 mm from dense hydroxyapatite sintered body
The rod was manufactured by cutting, and the length thereof was set to 16 mm to be an external marker. Using a clam with a shell width of 78 to 96 mm as a sample, five HAP external markers were attached on the molt suture line. Also, an acrylic resin-made external marker having the same shape was used as a control, and it was similarly attached to five clams.

After mounting, each sample was grown in a cage at a fisheries test site, and after 6 weeks, the dropout rate of the external marker attached to each sample was investigated. The results obtained are shown in Table 3.

[0023]

[Table 3] Example 4 Diameter 1.6 mm from dense hydroxyapatite sintered body
The rod was prepared by cutting, and the length thereof was set to 11 mm to serve as an external marker. An external marker made of HAP was attached to the 6th abdominal segment in 10 fish using prawns having a cranium length of 20 to 22 mm as a sample. Also, an acrylic resin-made external marker having the same shape was used as a control, and it was similarly mounted on five prawns.

After mounting, each sample was grown in a cage at a fisheries test site, and after 6 weeks, the dropout rate of the external marker mounted on each sample was investigated. The results obtained are shown in Table 4.

[0025]

[Table 4]

[0026]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The external label of the present invention has little biodegradation in vivo, does not cause unnecessary biological reaction, is not toxic and has very little foreign body reaction, and has biocompatibility to be integrated with biological tissue. Since it is made of a material, the external marker does not drop off and stays in the body for a long period of time, and the wounds when worn are quickly healed, so that it can be effectively applied to the tag release or rearing management of fish and shellfish.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a magnified photograph (morphology of a living organism, more specifically, a living tissue of a yellowtail) of a tissue surrounding a yellowtail embedded with an HAP external label.

[Fig. 2] An enlarged photograph of the tissue around a yellowtail embedded with a polyvinyl chloride dart-shaped external marker (biological morphology,
More specifically, the form of the biological tissue of yellowtail is shown.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An external marker for fish and shellfish produced from a biocompatible material. 2. The external marker for fish and shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the biocompatible material is bioceramic. 3. The external marker for fish and shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the bioceramic is hydroxyapatite and / or AW crystallized glass. 4. The fish and shellfish according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the portion made of the biocompatible material is embedded in the fish or shellfish. For external signs.