JPH0737911B2 - Heat flow measuring device for opening and heat flow measuring method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention measures the amount of heat that flows into a room through the openings such as windows of houses and buildings that receive solar radiation, and the amount of heat that is lost outdoors during nights in winter. The present invention relates to a measuring device and a measuring method for enabling the above.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to quantify the amount of heat that flows into a room out of the amount of heat that is absorbed by the openings of windows that receive sunlight from a house or building, conventionally, the amount of heat that flows into a room from a window Various attempts have been made to measure.

For the amount of heat loss from the opening to the outside at night in winter, a method of multiplying the heat transmission coefficient measured according to the JIS test method by the temperature difference between the inside and outside is widely used. , It is not in a state of evaluating the amount of heat loss that reflects the outdoor air velocity and the state of the sky (cloud amount) at the actual opening.

[0004]

However, an accessory such as a blind is usually provided inside the window, and the behavior of the heat flow from the window to the room is complicated depending on the material and shape of such an accessory and the window glass. It has become. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately measure the heat flow in the actual opening, which reflects the influence of the external wind speed and the sky.

An object of the present invention is to accurately measure the amount of heat released into a room from the amount of solar radiation absorbed in the opening such as a window in the daytime, and further to measure the amount of heat released from the room into the opening such as a window during the nighttime in winter. There is provided a measuring device and a measuring method capable of accurately measuring the amount of heat that is lost to the outside through.

[0006]

In the first invention, a first temperature measuring device for measuring the outside air side surface temperature of a first plate glass forming an opening, and the first plate glass and the outside air side surface are provided. A second plate glass whose emission characteristics in the long wavelength region are practically equal, a second temperature measuring device for measuring the outside air side surface temperature of the second plate glass, a heating device for heating the second plate glass, and the heating. A power measuring device that measures the amount of heat supplied to the device, and the same temperature as the temperature of the first and second plate glass based on the output temperature of the first temperature measuring device and the output temperature of the second temperature measuring device. And a temperature controller and a power controller to drive the heating device, a solar radiation shield plate that blocks direct sunlight to the front surface of the second plate glass, and the heating closely attached to the back surface of the second plate glass. A surface heat flow meter that measures the amount of heat released from the rear surface of the device Constituted the heat flow measuring device and a solar radiation meter for measuring the solar radiation heat.

In the second invention, the outside air side surface temperature of the first plate glass forming the opening of the building is measured, and the radiation characteristics in the long wavelength region of the first plate glass and the outside air side surface are practically used. Measure the outside air side surface temperature of the same second plate glass in a state of being shielded from direct sunlight, so that the outside air side surface temperature of the first plate glass and the outside air side surface temperature of the second plate glass become the same. The second plate glass is heated and its supplied heat amount is measured as the first heat amount, and the heat amount emitted from the rear surface of the heating device on the back surface of the second plate glass is measured as the second heat amount, and direct sunlight is measured. Measured with a pyranometer as the third amount of solar heat absorbed by the shielded second plate glass, the second heat amount from the sum of the first heat amount and the third heat amount supplied to the second plate glass. Convection that is released from the second plate glass by subtracting The long-wavelength radiant heat quantity is calculated as the fourth heat quantity, and the solar heat quantity incident from the outside to the opening, the solar heat quantity transmitted from the opening to the room, and the solar heat quantity reflected from the opening to the outside are respectively calculated. Measured with a pyranometer and subtracting the amount of solar radiation that penetrates the room and the amount of solar radiation that is reflected from the outside from the amount of solar radiation that enters the opening from the outside And calculate the convection and long-wavelength radiant heat released from the opening to the room by subtracting the fourth heat from the fifth heat and measuring the amount of solar heat transmitted through the opening to the room. By adding the values, the total amount of heat acquired from the interior of the room is calculated.

Further, in the third invention, the outside air side surface temperature of the first plate glass forming the opening of the building is measured, and the radiation characteristics in the long wavelength region of the first plate glass and the outside air side surface are practically used. The outside air side surface temperature of the same second plate glass is measured, and the second plate glass is heated so that the first plate glass and the second plate glass have the same temperature, and the supplied heat amount is the first heat amount. As the second amount of heat released from the rear surface of the second plate glass, the second heat amount is subtracted from the first heat amount supplied to the second plate glass By calculating the amount of heat released from the second sheet glass to the outside, convection and long-wave radiation heat lost from the opening of the building to the outside can be calculated equivalently.

[0009]

In the first and second aspects of the present invention, the outside air surface temperature of the first plate glass and the outside air surface temperature of the second plate glass shielded from direct sunlight are made to be the same temperature in the daytime with sunlight. The amount of heat supplied to heat the second plate glass, the amount of heat released from the rear surface of the heating device for the second plate glass, and the amount of solar heat absorbed by the second plate glass that shields direct sunlight from the outside air from the second plate glass. The amount of heat released to the outside air side is calculated, and the amount of solar heat entering the opening from the outside, the amount of solar heat transmitting to the room, and the amount of solar heat reflected from the opening to the outside are measured with a pyranometer. Then, the absorbed solar heat quantity of the opening is calculated by subtracting the solar heat quantity that penetrates the room and the solar heat quantity that is reflected to the outside from the solar heat quantity that enters the opening, and the outside heat release heat quantity is calculated from the absorbed heat quantity. Subtract from the opening Convection and long wavelength radiation heat is emitted to the inside are calculated quantitatively.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the amount of heat supplied for heating the second plate glass so that the outside air side surface temperature of the first plate glass and the outside air side surface temperature of the second plate glass become the same temperature at night in winter. And the amount of heat released from the rear surface of the heating device of the second plate glass and the amount of heat released to the outside air from the second plate glass to the outside air side, the amount of heat released to the outside from the opening is quantified. Is calculated.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An embodiment embodying the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG.
~ It demonstrates according to FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the window 2 of the chamber 1 to be measured for measuring the heat flow into the room is measured.
The sensor unit 4 of the measuring device is arranged in parallel with the plate glass 3 installed in the room, and the amount of heat absorbed from the window 2 based on the measurement data of the sensor unit 4 is released to the outside of the chamber 1 to be measured. The heat flow radiated from the window 2 into the chamber 1 to be measured is obtained by calculating The sensor section 4
Referring to FIG. 1, the plate glass provided on the outer surface is composed of one central plate glass 5a and four peripheral plate glasses 5b to 5e located around the central plate glass 5a.
5e are arranged via the heat insulating material 6 to prevent mutual heat conduction.

A thermocouple probe 7 is attached to each plate glass 5a to 5e.
a to 7e are respectively provided and the surface temperature thereof can be measured, and the output signal is a temperature controller 11a, which will be described later.
It is output to 11b. At the rear of each plate glass 5a to 5e, a planar electric heater 8 partitioned in the same manner as the plate glasses 5a to 5e is provided.
a to 8e are closely arranged, and each plate glass 5a to
5e can be independently heated.

A known surface heat flow meter (not shown) is arranged at the rear of the surface electric heaters 8a to 8e, and a heat insulating material 10 filled in a case 9 is arranged at the rear of the surface heat flow meter. Can detect the amount of heat flowing from the central plate glass 5a to the heat insulating material 10. The plate glasses 5a to 5e are arranged on the front surface of the case 9, and the planar electric heaters 8a to 8e and the surface heat flow meter are arranged in the case 9.

The electrical configuration of the sensor unit 4 as described above will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The output signal of the thermocouple probe 7a attached to the central plate glass 5a is the temperature controller 11a.
The output signals of the thermocouple probes 7b to 7e attached to the peripheral plate glasses 5b to 5e are output to the temperature controller 11b. Also, the thermocouple probe 12 is attached to the plate glass 3 of the chamber 1 to be measured, and the output signal thereof is the temperature controller 11
The temperature controller 11c outputs the temperature signal to the temperature controllers 11a and 11b.

Electric power controllers 13a and 13b are connected to the temperature controllers 11a and 11b, and the electric power controller 13a is connected to a planar electric heater 5a at the rear of the central plate glass 5a through a digital power meter 14 to generate electric power. The controller 13b is connected to the sheet-like electric heater 8e at the rear of the peripheral plate glasses 5b to 5e. Then, the temperature controller 11a compares the temperature signal detected from the central plate glass 5a with the temperature signal input from the temperature controller 11c, and when the temperature of the central plate glass 5a is lower, the power controller 13a operates. Central plate glass 5
A is heated by the planar electric heater 5a. At this time, the amount of heat supplied to the planar electric heater 5a is measured by the digital power meter 14. In addition, the temperature controller 11b detects the temperature signals detected from the peripheral plate glasses 5b to 5e and the temperature controller 11b.
The peripheral plate glass 5 is compared with the temperature signal input from c.
When the temperature of b to 5e is lower, the peripheral plate glass 5b to 5e is heated by the power controller 13b.

Then, the sensor unit 4 having the above-described structure, and the plate glass 5a-5b of the sensor unit 4 as shown in FIG.
A heat flow measuring device is composed of a solar radiation shield plate 15 for shielding the solar radiation from direct sunlight and a pyranometer (not shown) for measuring the amount of solar heat.

Now, in order to obtain the convection and radiant heat quantity flowing into the indoor side out of the solar heat quantity absorbed in the window 2 of the measurement room 1 during the day by the heat flow measuring apparatus as described above, as shown in FIG. The sensor unit 4 is arranged in parallel to the window 2 of the measured room 1 exposed to the sun, and the sensor unit 4 blocks the amount of direct sunlight from the sunlight, and in that state, the glass plates 5a to 5e of the sensor unit 4 are exposed. The sensor unit 4 is operated so that the temperature and the temperature of the plate glass 3 of the measurement chamber 1 become equal. That is,
Plate glasses 5a to 5 shielded from direct sunlight by the solar shading plate 15
Since the temperature of e is lower than that of the plate glass 3 of the window 2, the temperature controllers 11a to 11c detect the temperature difference between the plate glasses 5a to 5e and the plate glass 3 so that the plate glasses 5a to 5e are matched with each other. It is heated by the planar electric heaters 8a to 8e.
At this time, the central plate glass 5a is surrounded by the peripheral plate glasses 5b to 5e that are heated to the same temperature, and is maintained in a thermally stable state. In this state, the heat quantity Qu supplied to the central plate glass 5a by the digital power meter 14
Then, the heat quantity Qc radiated from the central plate glass 5a to the heat insulating material 10 in the case 9 is calculated by a surface heat flow meter.

When the amount of heat was measured by a pyranometer at a position where the direct sunlight was shielded by the solar shading plate 15, the amount of heat absorbed Qds by the plate glass 5a of the solar radiation other than the direct sunlight, that is, the solar radiation from the sky was reflected from the ground. The total amount of heat, which is the amount of absorbed heat Qrg in the plate glass 5a of solar radiation, is obtained.

Here, each plate glass 5a to 5e of the sensor unit 4
When the temperature of the plate is in an equilibrium state, the heat quantity supplied to the plate glass 5a, the total value Qa0 of the convection and long-wavelength radiant heat quantity emitted from the plate glass 5a to the outside air side, and the heat quantity Q released into the case 9
Since they match the sum of c, the heat quantities Qu, Qc, Qd
The following relation holds for s, Qrg, and Qa0.

[0020]

## EQU1 ## Qu + Qds + Qrg = Qa0 + Qc Therefore,

[0021]

[Equation 2] Qa0 = Qu + Qds + Qrg−Qc, and the respective heat quantities Qu, Qc, obtained as described above,
Qa0 is obtained based on Qds and Qrg.

On the other hand, the total amount of solar heat I incident on the window 2 of the chamber 1 to be measured, the amount of solar heat I ρs reflected from the plate glass 3 and the blind B to the outside of the window, and the amount of solar heat transmitted through the plate glass 3 and the blind B are measured. The amount of solar heat I τ entering the inside of 1 is measured with a pyranometer. Here, the following relationship is established between the amount of heat Ias absorbed by the window 2 (the plate glass 3 and the shade A such as the blind B) and the amounts of heat I, Iρs, and Iτs.

[0023]

## EQU3 ## Ias = I-I.rho.s-I.tau.s Therefore, the respective heat quantities I, I.rho.s, I obtained as described above.
The heat quantity Ias is obtained based on τs.

On the other hand, the amount of heat Ias absorbed by the window 2 is the amount of heat Qa0 released to the outside of the room and the amount of convection and long-wave radiation heat Qs released to the inside of the room.

[0025]

[Equation 4] Ias = Qa0 + Qs, so that

[0026]

## EQU5 ## Qs = Ias-Qa0, and the quantity of heat Qs radiated from the window 2 into the measurement chamber 1 is quantitatively calculated based on the quantities of heat Ias and Qa0 calculated as described above. It should be noted that all of the above heat amounts are heat amounts per unit area.

As described above, according to this calorimeter,
Heat quantity Qa0 radiated from the plate glass 5a to the outside by the sensor unit 4
The amount of heat radiated from the window 2 of the measurement chamber 1 to the outside is calculated equivalently, and the amount of convection and long-wave radiant heat Qs radiated from the window 2 of the measurement chamber 1 to the room is calculated based on the heat amount Qa0. Can be quantified. The sum of the heat quantity Qs and the amount of transmitted solar radiation Iτs into the room is the total acquired heat quantity (convection and long-wavelength radiation and short-wavelength radiation) obtained from the window 2 on the indoor side.

The solar radiation shielding coefficient used in the calculation of the air conditioning load is the ratio of the total indoor calorie obtained by the solar radiation of the window with the shade to the total indoor calorie obtained by the solar radiation of the window composed only of the transparent plate glass having a thickness of 3 mm. Therefore, if the above-mentioned calorific value measuring devices are installed in parallel for windows of such specifications and the indoor side acquired calorific value of both is obtained, the solar radiation shielding coefficient can be obtained according to the definition.

Furthermore, in order to obtain the convection and long-wavelength radiant heat that flow out from the window 2 of the chamber 1 to be measured by the heat flow measuring device as described above at night in winter, as shown in FIG. 1. The sensor unit 4 is installed side by side with respect to the window 2 of No. 1 and in this state, the sensor unit 4 is operated so that the temperature of the plate glass 5a to 5e of the sensor unit 4 becomes equal to the temperature of the plate glass 3 of the chamber 1 to be measured. . That is, since the temperature of the plate glass 5a to 5e exposed to the outdoor cold air or the radiation cooling to the sky is lower than that of the plate glass 3 of the window 2, the temperature controllers 11a to 11e.
11c detects the temperature difference between the plate glasses 5a to 5e and the plate glass 3 and heats the plate glasses 5a to 5e by the sheet-shaped electric heaters 8a to 8e so that they match each other. At this time, the central plate glass 5a is heated to the same temperature as the peripheral plate glass 5b.
It is surrounded by 5e and maintained in a thermally stable state.
Then, in this state, the amount of heat Qu supplied to the central plate glass 5a is obtained by the digital power meter 14, and the amount of heat Qc released from the central plate glass 5a to the heat insulating material 10 in the case 9 is obtained by a surface heat flow meter.

Here, each plate glass 5a to 5e of the sensor unit 4
When the temperature of the plate is in an equilibrium state, the heat quantity supplied to the plate glass 5a, the total value Qa0 of the convection and long-wavelength radiant heat quantity emitted from the plate glass 5a to the outside air side, and the heat quantity Q released into the case 9
Since they match the sum of c, the heat quantities Qu, Qc, Qa0
The following relationships are established for.

[0031]

[Equation 6] Qu = Qa0 + Qc Therefore,

[0032]

## EQU7 ## Qa0 = Qu-Qc, and Qa0 is calculated based on the heat quantities Qu and Qc calculated as described above. It should be noted that all of the above heat amounts are heat amounts per unit area.

As described above, according to this calorimeter,
Heat quantity Qa0 radiated from the plate glass 5a to the outside by the sensor unit 4
It is possible to equivalently quantify the amount of heat released from the window 2 of the measurement chamber 1 to the outside.

Further, if the amount of heat released to the outside thus calculated is divided by the difference between the indoor temperature and the outdoor temperature at that time, the heat transmission coefficient of the actual opening under that condition can be obtained. it can.

[0035]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the amount of heat released to the room can be accurately measured from the amount of heat absorbed in the opening such as the window, and the opening can be obtained from the opening such as at night in winter. In a situation in which the heat loss of the product becomes a problem, it is possible to provide a measuring device and a measuring method capable of accurately measuring the amount of heat flowing out (loss) from the indoor side to the outdoor through an opening such as a window. To do.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a sensor unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of one embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a heat flow measurement state of an example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Opening part (window) 3 First plate glass 5 Second plate glass 7 Second temperature measuring device (thermocouple probe) 8 Heating device (planar electric heater) 14 Electric power measuring device (digital power meter) 11 Temperature adjusting device 12 First temperature measuring device (thermocouple probe) 15 Solar shading plate

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A first temperature measuring device (12) for measuring a surface temperature of an outside air side of a first plate glass (3) constituting an opening (2), and the first plate glass (3) and the outside air side. A second plate glass (5) having substantially the same radiation characteristics in the long wavelength range on the surface; a second temperature measuring device (7) for measuring the outside air side surface temperature of the second plate glass (5); A heating device (8) for heating the second plate glass (5), a power measuring device (14) for measuring the amount of heat supplied to the heating device (8), and an output temperature of the first temperature measuring device (12). A temperature adjusting device for driving the heating device (8) so that the temperatures of the first and second plate glasses (3, 5) are the same temperature based on the output temperature of the second temperature measuring device (7). (11) and a power controller (13), and a solar shading for blocking direct sunlight to the front surface of the second plate glass (5). (15), a surface heat flow meter that measures the amount of heat released from the rear surface of the heating device (8) that is in close contact with the back surface of the second plate glass (5), and a pyranometer that measures the amount of solar radiation heat. A heat flow measuring device for an opening characterized by being configured. 2. A second plate glass that measures the surface temperature of the first plate glass forming the opening of the building on the outside air side, and the radiation characteristics of the first plate glass and the outside air side surface in the long wavelength region are practically equal. The outside air side surface temperature is measured in a state of being shielded from direct sunlight, and the outside air side surface temperature of the first plate glass and the outside air side surface temperature of the second plate glass are the same so that the second plate glass is the same. The amount of heat supplied is measured as the first amount of heat by heating the second plate glass, and the amount of heat released from the rear surface of the heating device on the back surface of the second plate glass is measured as the second amount of heat. The solar radiation amount absorbed by the plate glass is measured by a pyranometer as a third heat amount, and the second heat amount is subtracted from the sum of the first heat amount and the third heat amount supplied to the second plate glass, Convection and long-wavelength radiant heat released from the second plate glass Calculated as a fourth amount of heat, the amount of solar heat entering the opening from the outside, the amount of solar heat transmitted from the opening to the room, and the amount of solar heat reflected from the opening to the outside are measured with a pyranometer. The amount of absorbed heat of the opening is calculated as the fifth amount of heat by subtracting the amount of solar heat that is transmitted to the room from the amount of solar heat that is incident on the opening from the outside and the amount of solar heat that is reflected to the outside from the opening. Calculate the convection and long-wavelength radiation heat released from the opening to the room by subtracting the fourth heat from the fifth heat,
A method for measuring heat flow in an opening, characterized in that the total acquired heat quantity acquired from the opening in the room is calculated by adding the measured value of the amount of solar heat transmitted from the opening to the room. 3. A second plate glass which measures the outside air side surface temperature of a first plate glass forming an opening of a building and has practically the same radiation characteristics in the long wavelength region of the first plate glass and the outside air side surface. Measuring the outside air side surface temperature of the first plate glass and the second plate glass is heated so that the second plate glass has the same temperature, and the supply heat amount thereof is measured as a first heat amount, Measure the amount of heat released from the rear surface of the second sheet glass as the second amount of heat, from the second sheet glass by subtracting the second amount of heat from the first amount of heat supplied to the second sheet glass A method for measuring the heat flow in an opening, which is characterized by equivalently calculating the convection loss and the long-wavelength radiation heat loss from the opening of the building to the outside by determining the amount of heat released to the outside.