JPH0734672B2 - Brushless motor commutation circuit - Google Patents
Brushless motor commutation circuitInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0734672B2 JPH0734672B2 JP62055568A JP5556887A JPH0734672B2 JP H0734672 B2 JPH0734672 B2 JP H0734672B2 JP 62055568 A JP62055568 A JP 62055568A JP 5556887 A JP5556887 A JP 5556887A JP H0734672 B2 JPH0734672 B2 JP H0734672B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- coil
- circuit
- brushless motor
- induced
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （イ）産業上の利用分野 本発明はテープレコーダあるいはビデオテープレコーダ
等に用いられるブラシレスモータの転流回路に関する。The present invention relates to a commutation circuit of a brushless motor used in a tape recorder, a video tape recorder or the like.
（ロ）従来の技術 最近テープレコーダあるいはビデオテープレコーダ等に
おいては、雑音が発生しないことあるいは寿命が長いこ
とのためブラシレスモータが多く用いられている。前記
ブラシレスモータは例えば実開昭59−53696号公報に記
載されているように、各相のコイルに順次電流を流すた
め位置検出器にて回転子の位置を検出し、それによって
スイッチング素子を順次オンオフさせる必要がある。(B) Prior Art Recently, in tape recorders, video tape recorders, and the like, brushless motors are often used because they do not generate noise or have a long life. The brushless motor detects the position of the rotor by a position detector in order to sequentially apply current to the coils of each phase, as described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-53696, thereby sequentially switching the switching elements. Need to turn on and off.
（ハ）発明が解決しようとする問題点 従来のブラシレスモータは上述したように、スイッチン
グ素子を順次オンオフさせるためホール素子の如き位置
検出器を必要としているが、しかしブラシレスモータは
最近機器の小型化に伴い小型且つ薄型化されてきたの
で、前記位置検出器を取付けるスペース的な余裕がなく
なってきた。(C) Problems to be solved by the invention As described above, the conventional brushless motor requires a position detector such as a hall element to sequentially turn on / off the switching elements, but the brushless motor has recently been downsized. Accordingly, since the size and the thickness have been reduced, there is no more space for mounting the position detector.
本発明はそこで位置検出器を用いることなくして回転子
の回転位置を検出しスイッチングトランジスタを順次オ
ンオフし、各相のコイルに順次電流を流すことが出来る
ようにするとともに、スイッチを切換えることによって
前記各相のコイルに流れる電流の順序が変えられ、回転
方向を簡単に変えられるようにしたブラシレスモータの
転流回路を提供するものである。Therefore, the present invention detects the rotational position of the rotor without using a position detector to sequentially turn on / off the switching transistors so that current can be sequentially passed through the coils of each phase, and by switching the switches, The present invention provides a commutation circuit of a brushless motor in which the order of currents flowing in the coils of each phase can be changed and the rotation direction can be easily changed.
（ニ）問題点を解決するための手段 本発明のブラシレスモータの転流回路は複数の相を構成
するコイルと、各コイルの端子電圧及び前記各コイルの
誘起電圧の正の半サイクルの反転電圧を比較する比較回
路と、各比較回路の出力信号にて制御され順次オンされ
るスイッチングトランジスタとにより構成される。(D) Means for Solving the Problems The commutation circuit of the brushless motor of the present invention includes coils forming a plurality of phases, a terminal voltage of each coil, and a reverse voltage of a positive half cycle of the induced voltage of each coil. And a switching transistor controlled by the output signal of each comparison circuit and sequentially turned on.
（ホ）作用 本発明のブラシレスモータの転流回路は上述した如く構
成をなし、各コイルの端子電圧と誘起電圧の正の半サイ
クルの反転電圧とを比較しスイッチング電圧を得、これ
によって各コイルに接続されたスイッチングトランジス
タをオンし、各コイルに駆動電流を供給する。(E) Action The commutation circuit of the brushless motor of the present invention is configured as described above, and the terminal voltage of each coil is compared with the inversion voltage of the positive half cycle of the induced voltage to obtain the switching voltage, and thereby each coil is obtained. The switching transistor connected to is turned on to supply a drive current to each coil.
（ヘ）実施例 本発明のブラシレスモータ回路の実施例を図面に従って
説明する。(F) Embodiment An embodiment of the brushless motor circuit of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
（１）（２）（３）はU,V及びＷ相となる第１、第２及
び第３コイルで、一端は共通にして電源に接続し、他端
は第１、第２、第３スイッチングトランジスタ（４）
（５）（６）を介して接地される。（７）は誘起電圧演
算回路、（８）（９）（10）は前記誘起電圧演算回路
（７）で誘起された誘起電圧の正の半サイクルの反転電
圧と前記第１、第２及び第３コイル（１）（２）（３）
の端子電圧とを比較する第１、第２及び第３比較回路、
（11）（12）（13）は前記第１、第２及び第３比較回路
（８）（９）（10）の出力側に接続された第１、第２及
び第３検出トランジスタで、ベースエミッタ間に第１、
第２及び第３検出ダイオード（14）（15）（16）が接続
されている。（17）（18）（19）は前記第１、第２及び
第３検出ダイオード（14）（15）（16）を切換える第
１、第２及び第３切換スイッチである。(1), (2) and (3) are first, second and third coils of U, V and W phases, one end of which is commonly connected to the power source and the other end of which is the first, second and third coils. Switching transistor (4)
(5) Grounded via (6). (7) is an induced voltage operation circuit, (8), (9) and (10) are inversion voltages of the positive half cycle of the induced voltage induced by the induced voltage operation circuit (7) and the first, second and 3 coils (1) (2) (3)
First, second and third comparison circuits for comparing with the terminal voltage of
(11), (12) and (13) are first, second and third detection transistors connected to the output side of the first, second and third comparison circuits (8), (9) and (10), and have bases First between the emitters,
The second and third detection diodes (14) (15) (16) are connected. (17), (18) and (19) are first, second and third changeover switches for switching the first, second and third detection diodes (14), (15) and (16).
第２図は前記誘起電圧演算回路（７）の一部の実施例を
示した回路図で、正端子にダイオード（20）を介し電源
よりの電圧が印加され、又負端子には抵抗（21）（21）
（21）及びダイオード（22）（22）（22）を介して第
１、第２及び第３コイル（１）（２）（３）の誘起電圧
が印加される第４比較回路（23）と、該第４比較回路
（23）の出力端子にベースが接続され、負端子にコレク
タが接続された第１出力トランジスタ（24）、該第１出
力トランジスタ（24）とともにベースが第４比較回路
（23）の出力端子に接続されコレクタが抵抗（26）を介
して電源に接続された第２出力トランジスタ（25）と、
前記第１、第２出力トランジスタ（24）（25）のエミッ
タとアース間に接続された電圧検出抵抗（27）とよりな
る。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a part of an embodiment of the induced voltage calculation circuit (7), in which a voltage from a power source is applied to the positive terminal through a diode (20) and a resistor (21 )(twenty one)
And a fourth comparison circuit (23) to which induced voltages of the first, second and third coils (1), (2) and (3) are applied via (21) and diodes (22) (22) (22) , A first output transistor (24) whose base is connected to the output terminal of the fourth comparison circuit (23) and whose collector is connected to the negative terminal, and the base is the fourth comparison circuit (24) together with the first output transistor (24). A second output transistor (25) whose collector is connected to the power supply through a resistor (26), and which is connected to the output terminal of 23),
The voltage detection resistor (27) is connected between the emitters of the first and second output transistors (24) and (25) and the ground.
次に、以上の如く構成された本発明の動作について説明
する。先ず、Ｓ極及びＮ極が交互に着磁された永久磁石
を有する回転子が回転すると、第１、第２及び第３コイ
ル（１）（２）（３）間に第３図（イ）に示すような誘
起電圧（Eu,Ev,Ew）が生じるが、斯かる電圧は、図示し
たように電源電圧（Vcc）より高い電圧と低い電圧の部
分がある。これら誘起電圧は誘起電圧演算回路（７）に
印加される。誘起電圧演算回路（７）は第１、第２及び
第３コイル（１）（２）（３）に誘起された前記誘起電
圧と、第３図（イ）の点線で示す反転電圧とが夫々端子
（8a）（8b）（9a）（9b）（10a）（10b）より取出され
る。そして第１、第２及び第３比較回路（８）（９）
（10）の正端子には前記端子（8a）（9a）（10a）より
取出された誘起電圧が印加され、又負端子には端子（8
b）（9b）（10b）よりの反転電圧が供給される。今切換
スイッチ（17）（18）（19）が図示の如く切換えられ、
又反転電圧の大きさが誘起電圧の半分とすると、第１比
較回路（８）の出力端子は第１コイル（１）の誘起電圧
（Eu）が第２コイル（２）の反転電圧（Ev′）より低く
なるt0から始まり前記誘起電圧（Eu）が第３コイル
（３）の反転電圧（Ew′）より大きくなるt1までのT1期
間負電圧となり、又残りの第２及び第３比較回路（９）
（10）の出力端子は正電圧となるので第１検出ダイオー
ド（14）をオンしそれにより第１検出トランジスタ（1
1）もオンし、第１出力端子（35）にスイッチング電圧
を生じる。このスイッチング電圧は第１スイッチングト
ランジスタ（４）のベースに加わり該第１スイッチング
トランジスタ（４）をオンするので、このT1期間第１コ
イル（１）に電流を流す。次に時刻t1からt2のT2期間は
第２比較回路（９）の出力電圧が負となり、第１及び第
３比較回路（８）（10）の出力電圧が正となるので第２
検出ダイオード（15）がオンし、又第２検出トランジス
タ（12）もオンし第２出力端子（36）にスイッチング電
圧を生じ、第２スイッチングトランジスタ（５）をオン
し第２コイル（２）に電流を供給する。次の時刻t2から
t3までの時間T3の間は第３比較回路（10）の出力電圧が
負となり第３検出トランジスタ（13）がオンされ、第３
出力端子（37）にスイッチング電圧を生じ第３スイッチ
ングトランジスタ（６）をオンし、第３コイル（３）に
電流を供給する。このようにして第３図（ロ）に示す時
間T1,T2及びT3の順に第１、第２及び第３コイル（１）
（２）（３）に順次電流を流すので、回転子の磁石との
間に回転力を生じ回転させる。Next, the operation of the present invention configured as above will be described. First, when the rotor having the permanent magnets in which the S poles and the N poles are alternately magnetized is rotated, the first, second and third coils (1), (2) and (3) are placed between the coils shown in FIG. The induced voltages (Eu, Ev, Ew) as shown in (1) are generated, but as shown in the figure, there are parts of the voltage higher and lower than the power supply voltage (Vcc). These induced voltages are applied to the induced voltage calculation circuit (7). The induced voltage calculation circuit (7) has the induced voltage induced in the first, second and third coils (1), (2) and (3) and the inversion voltage shown by the dotted line in FIG. It is taken out from the terminals (8a) (8b) (9a) (9b) (10a) (10b). Then, the first, second and third comparison circuits (8) and (9)
The induced voltage extracted from the terminals (8a), (9a) and (10a) is applied to the positive terminal of (10), and the negative terminal (8
b) Inversion voltage from (9b) and (10b) is supplied. Now, the changeover switches (17) (18) (19) are changed over as shown in the figure,
When the magnitude of the inversion voltage is half the induced voltage, the induced voltage (Eu) of the first coil (1) is the inverted voltage (Ev ′) of the second coil (2) at the output terminal of the first comparison circuit (8). ) lower than consisting t 0 from the start the induced voltage (Eu) is a period T 1 negative voltages up to t 1 larger than the inversion voltage of the third coil (3) (Ew '), also the second and third remaining Comparison circuit (9)
Since the output terminal of (10) becomes a positive voltage, the first detection diode (14) is turned on, and the first detection transistor (1
1) is also turned on, and a switching voltage is generated at the first output terminal (35). This switching voltage is applied to the base of the first switching transistor (4) and turns on the first switching transistor (4), so that a current flows through the first coil (1) during this T 1 period. Next, during the period T 2 from time t 1 to t 2 , the output voltage of the second comparison circuit (9) becomes negative and the output voltages of the first and third comparison circuits (8) and (10) become positive, so
The detection diode (15) is turned on, the second detection transistor (12) is also turned on, a switching voltage is generated at the second output terminal (36), the second switching transistor (5) is turned on, and the second coil (2) is turned on. Supply current. From next time t 2
During the time T 3 to t 3 is the third detection transistor (13) is on the output voltage becomes a negative third comparison circuit (10), third
A switching voltage is generated at the output terminal (37) to turn on the third switching transistor (6) to supply current to the third coil (3). In this way, the first, second and third coils (1) are shown in order of time T 1 , T 2 and T 3 shown in FIG.
(2) Since a current is sequentially applied to (3), a rotational force is generated between the rotor and the magnet of the rotor to rotate the rotor.
切換スイッチ（17）（18）（19）を図示と反対に切換え
ると、第１検出ダイオード（14）、第３検出ダイオード
（16）及び第２検出ダイオード（15）の順でオンされる
ので、第１検出トランジスタ（11）、第３検出トランジ
スタ（13）及び第２検出トランジスタ（12）の順でオン
される。従って第１コイル（１）、第３コイル（３）及
び第２コイル（２）の順で励磁されるので回転子はそれ
までと逆方向に回転される。When the changeover switches (17), (18) and (19) are switched in the opposite manner to that shown in the figure, the first detection diode (14), the third detection diode (16) and the second detection diode (15) are turned on in this order. The first detection transistor (11), the third detection transistor (13), and the second detection transistor (12) are turned on in this order. Therefore, since the first coil (1), the third coil (3) and the second coil (2) are excited in this order, the rotor is rotated in the opposite direction.
次に前記反転電圧の検出方法を第２図に従って説明す
る。Next, a method of detecting the inversion voltage will be described with reference to FIG.
今第４比較回路（23）の正端子には電源よりの一定電圧
が印加され、又負端子には抵抗（21）（21）（21）とダ
イオード（22）（22）（22）を介して第１、第２及び第
３コイル（１）（２）（３）の誘起電圧が加わり、前記
第４比較回路（23）より出力を生じ、第１及び第２出力
トランジスタ（24）（25）をオンする。このとき第１及
び第２出力トランジスタ（24）（25）のコレクタ・エミ
ッタに流れる電流I1,I2は同一で 但しEu,Ev,Ew…第１、第２及び第３コイル（１）（２）
（３）夫々に生じる誘起電圧 R1＝抵抗（21）（21）（21）の抵抗値 であるから第２出力トランジスタ（25）のコレクタに接
続された抵抗（26）に生じる電圧V0 但しR0…抵抗（26）の抵抗値 となり、第１、第２及び第３コイル（１）（２）（３）
の誘起電圧の反転電圧V0が得られる。前記反転電圧V0の
大きさは抵抗（21）（21）（21）の抵抗値R1と抵抗（2
6）の抵抗値R0の比により自由に決めることが出来、 とすれば反転電圧V0は第４図に示す如く誘起電圧（Eu,E
v,Ew）の半分の大きさにされ、出力端子（30）に取出さ
れる。前記出力端子（30）より取出された反転電圧V0は
前述の如く第１、第２及び第３比較回路（８）（９）
（10）の各負端子に印加され第１、第２及び第３コイル
（１）（２）（３）の各誘起電圧と比較される。A constant voltage from the power supply is applied to the positive terminal of the fourth comparison circuit (23), and the negative terminals are connected via resistors (21) (21) (21) and diodes (22) (22) (22) (22). The induced voltage of the first, second and third coils (1), (2) and (3) is applied to generate an output from the fourth comparison circuit (23), and the first and second output transistors (24) (25) ) Turn on. At this time, the currents I 1 and I 2 flowing through the collector and emitter of the first and second output transistors (24) and (25) are the same. However, Eu, Ev, Ew ... 1st, 2nd and 3rd coils (1) (2)
(3) Each induced voltage R 1 = resistance value of the resistors (21), (21) and (21), so the voltage V 0 generated at the resistor (26) connected to the collector of the second output transistor (25) However, R 0 becomes the resistance value of the resistance (26), and the first, second and third coils (1) (2) (3)
The inversion voltage V 0 of the induced voltage is obtained. The magnitude of the inversion voltage V 0 depends on the resistance values R 1 and (2) of the resistors (21), (21), (21).
It can be freely determined by the ratio of the resistance value R 0 of 6), Then, the inversion voltage V 0 is the induced voltage (Eu, E
v, Ew) and the size is taken out to the output terminal (30). The inverted voltage V 0 taken out from the output terminal (30) is the first, second and third comparison circuits (8) and (9) as described above.
It is applied to each negative terminal of (10) and compared with each induced voltage of the first, second and third coils (1), (2) and (3).
（ト）発明の効果 本発明の転流回路は、複数の相を構成する各コイルに誘
起される誘起電圧を検出すると共に該電圧の半サイクル
の電圧を電源電圧以下に反転させる反転電圧出力回路
と、該反転電圧出力回路より出力される反転電圧と前記
各コイルに誘起される誘起電圧の中の電源電圧以下の電
圧とを比較すると共に各コイルを駆動する駆動手段の動
作を制御するべく接続されている比較回路とを設け、前
記比較回路の比較動作に伴う出力信号の変化により各コ
イルへの転流タイミングを得るようにしたので、即ち誘
起電圧の半サイクルの電圧を電源電圧以下に反転させる
ことによって比較電圧を得るようにしたので、誘起電圧
が低い場合であっても比較動作を確実に行うことが出来
る。従って、誘起電圧が高い場合でも低い場合でも一定
の通電タイミングを得ることが出来、本発明は、低回転
で使用するブラシレスモータや低電圧で使用するブラシ
レスモータの転流回路として最適なものである。(G) Effect of the Invention The commutation circuit of the present invention detects an induced voltage induced in each coil constituting a plurality of phases and inverts a half cycle voltage of the voltage to a power supply voltage or less. And an inversion voltage output from the inversion voltage output circuit and a voltage equal to or lower than the power supply voltage in the induced voltage induced in each coil, and connected to control the operation of the drive means for driving each coil. Since the commutation timing to each coil is obtained by changing the output signal accompanying the comparison operation of the comparison circuit, that is, the half cycle voltage of the induced voltage is inverted to the power supply voltage or less. Since the comparison voltage is obtained by doing so, the comparison operation can be reliably performed even when the induced voltage is low. Therefore, a constant energization timing can be obtained regardless of whether the induced voltage is high or low, and the present invention is most suitable as a commutation circuit for a brushless motor used at low rotation or a brushless motor used at low voltage. .
第１図は本発明のブラシレスモータの転流回路のブロッ
ク図、第２図は本発明に用いられた誘起電圧演算回路
図、第３図（イ）（ロ）及び第４図は各部分の信号特性
図である。 主な図番の説明 （１）（２）（３）……第１、第２及び第３コイル、
（７）……誘起電圧演算回路、（８）（９）（10）……
第１、第２及び第３比較回路。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a commutation circuit of a brushless motor of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram of an induced voltage operation circuit used in the present invention, and FIGS. 3 (a) (b) and 4 are respective parts. It is a signal characteristic diagram. Description of main drawing numbers (1) (2) (3) ... First, second and third coils,
(7) …… Induced voltage calculation circuit, (8) (9) (10) ……
First, second and third comparison circuits.
Claims (1)
を供給することによりＳ極及びＮ極が交互に着磁された
永久磁石を有する回転子を回転させるブラシレスモータ
において、前記各コイルに誘起される誘起電圧を検出す
ると共に該電圧の半サイクルの電圧を電源電圧以下に反
転させる反転電圧出力回路と、該反転電圧出力回路より
出力される反転電圧と前記各コイルに誘起される誘起電
圧の中の電源電圧以下の電圧とを比較すると共に各コイ
ルを駆動する駆動手段の動作を制御するべく接続されて
いる比較回路とより成り、前記比較回路の比較動作に伴
う出力信号の変化により各コイルへの転流タイミングを
得るようにしたことを特徴とするブラシレスモータの転
流回路。1. A brushless motor for rotating a rotor having permanent magnets in which S poles and N poles are alternately magnetized by sequentially supplying currents to the coils forming a plurality of phases. A reverse voltage output circuit that detects a back electromotive force induced in the coil and that inverts a half cycle voltage of the voltage to a power supply voltage or less, a reverse voltage output from the reverse voltage output circuit, and a back electromotive force induced in each coil. Comprising a comparison circuit connected to control the operation of the driving means for driving each coil while comparing the voltage below the power supply voltage in the voltage, and by the change of the output signal accompanying the comparison operation of the comparison circuit. A commutation circuit for a brushless motor, characterized in that the commutation timing to each coil is obtained.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62055568A JPH0734672B2 (en) | 1987-03-11 | 1987-03-11 | Brushless motor commutation circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62055568A JPH0734672B2 (en) | 1987-03-11 | 1987-03-11 | Brushless motor commutation circuit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63224690A JPS63224690A (en) | 1988-09-19 |
| JPH0734672B2 true JPH0734672B2 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
Family
ID=13002318
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62055568A Expired - Fee Related JPH0734672B2 (en) | 1987-03-11 | 1987-03-11 | Brushless motor commutation circuit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0734672B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH088788B2 (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1996-01-29 | 松下冷機株式会社 | Position detection circuit for non-commutator DC motor for electric compressor |
-
1987
- 1987-03-11 JP JP62055568A patent/JPH0734672B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63224690A (en) | 1988-09-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |