JPH07332974A - Level - Google Patents
LevelInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07332974A JPH07332974A JP13051394A JP13051394A JPH07332974A JP H07332974 A JPH07332974 A JP H07332974A JP 13051394 A JP13051394 A JP 13051394A JP 13051394 A JP13051394 A JP 13051394A JP H07332974 A JPH07332974 A JP H07332974A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- bubble tube
- level
- light receiving
- inclination
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Landscapes
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、気泡管を利用して被計
測面の傾斜度合を自動的に計測し、該傾斜度合に応じた
異なる発光色又は／及び音声によって測定者に指示する
光電式の水準器に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention uses a bubble tube to automatically measure the degree of inclination of a surface to be measured, and uses a photoelectric signal for instructing a measurer by different emission colors and / or voices according to the degree of inclination. Regarding the level of the expression.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】被計測面に載置して水平度を調べる水準
器として、古くから角棒材やフレーム等の基体にガラス
製気泡管を取り付けたものが汎用されているが、気泡管
の目盛を基準にして気泡の位置を目視判定することか
ら、被計測面が高所にある場合に計測しにくい上、計測
部位とその水平調整の操作部位とが離れている場合に
は、両部位間の行き来のために作業が非常に煩雑にな
り、これを避けるには計測者と操作者を別に確保する必
要があり、また計測者による判定のバラツキを生じ易い
という難点がある。2. Description of the Related Art As a level that is mounted on a surface to be measured to check the levelness, a glass bubble tube attached to a base such as a square bar or a frame has been widely used for a long time. Since the bubble position is visually determined based on the scale, it is difficult to measure when the surface to be measured is at a high place, and when the measurement site and the operation site for horizontal adjustment are far apart, both sites are measured. The work becomes very complicated due to the traffic between them, and in order to avoid this, it is necessary to separately secure a measurer and an operator, and there is a drawback that the measurer is likely to make a variation in the determination.
【０００３】そこで近年においては、気泡管を利用して
被計測面の傾斜度合を自動的に判定する水準器として、
気泡管内に電解液を封入すると共に電極を設け、気泡の
移動を電気出力として捉えるもの、気泡管内に導電性液
体を封入すると共に気泡に露出する電気抵抗体を装填
し、気泡の移動に伴う該電気抵抗体の抵抗値変化から傾
斜を測定するもの（特開昭５７−１６６５１１号公
報）、磁性流体を封入した気泡管の外周に作動トランス
を構成し、傾斜による気泡の移動を電気的出力として捉
えるもの（実開昭６０−５３００７号公報、同６４−２
１０７号公報等）、非透光性液体を封入した気泡管を挟
んで発光素子と受光素子を対向配置し、気泡部分を通る
光により、スイッチング回路を介して表示ランプ及び警
告ブザーを作動させ、傾斜度合を知るもの（実開昭５２
−７５４５６号公報）等が提案されている。Therefore, in recent years, as a level that automatically determines the degree of inclination of the surface to be measured using a bubble tube,
A bubble tube is provided with an electrode and an electrode is provided to capture the movement of bubbles as an electric output. A bubble tube is filled with a conductive liquid and an electric resistor exposed to the bubbles is loaded, and A device for measuring the inclination from a change in the resistance value of an electric resistor (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 166511/1982), and an operating transformer is provided on the outer periphery of a bubble tube in which a magnetic fluid is sealed, and the movement of the bubble due to the inclination is used as an electrical output. What to capture (Shokai Sho 60-53007, 64-2)
No. 107, etc.), a light emitting element and a light receiving element are arranged so as to face each other with a bubble tube filled with a non-translucent liquid interposed therebetween, and light passing through the bubble portion activates an indicator lamp and a warning buzzer via a switching circuit, Those that know the degree of inclination
-75456 gazette) etc. are proposed.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかるに、これらの提
案された自動判定方式の水準器は、いずれも気泡管内に
封入する液体として特殊なものを使用するため、気泡の
移動性及び合一性や封入液体の安定性に難があり、計測
精度の信頼性及び耐久性に劣ると共に、材料コストも高
く付くという問題があった。また電気抵抗体や電極を用
いるものでは気泡管自体の製作コストが高く付く一方、
作動トランスを構成するものでは気泡管の周辺構造が複
雑化するという問題があった。更に前記の発光素子と受
光素子を利用するものでは、気泡部分を光透過させる上
で、気泡を大きくして管内壁との間に非透光性流体が介
在しない領域を広くする必要があり、そのために計測精
度が低下するという難点もあった。However, in all of the proposed automatic determination type spirit levels, since a special liquid is used as the liquid to be sealed in the bubble tube, the mobility and coalescence of the bubbles and the There is a problem that the stability of the enclosed liquid is difficult, the measurement accuracy is low in reliability and durability, and the material cost is high. In addition, while using an electric resistor or an electrode adds to the manufacturing cost of the bubble tube itself,
The structure of the working transformer has a problem that the peripheral structure of the bubble tube is complicated. Further, in the case of utilizing the light emitting element and the light receiving element, in order to transmit light through the bubble portion, it is necessary to enlarge the bubble and widen the region where the non-translucent fluid is not present between the inner wall of the tube and Therefore, there is also a drawback that the measurement accuracy is lowered.
【０００５】本発明は、上述の状況に鑑み、気泡管を利
用して被計測面の傾斜度合を自動的に判定する水準器と
して、気泡管に特殊な液体を封入したり電気抵抗体や電
極を取り付ける必要がなく、従来汎用の目視判定方式の
水準器における気泡管をそのまま利用でき、しかも光電
方式により傾斜度合を精度よく計測及び指示できると共
に、作動の信頼性及び耐久性に優れ、且つ構造的に簡素
で安価に製作できるものを提供することを目的としてい
る。In view of the above situation, the present invention uses a bubble tube as a level for automatically determining the degree of inclination of a surface to be measured, in which a bubble tube is filled with a special liquid, an electric resistor or an electrode. There is no need to attach a bubble, the bubble tube in the conventional level of the general visual judgment method can be used as it is, and the inclination degree can be accurately measured and instructed by the photoelectric method, and the operation reliability and durability are excellent and the structure The purpose of the present invention is to provide a product that is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、本発明の請求項１に係る水準器は、傾斜度合を指示
灯群１ｇ，１ｙ，１ｏ，１ｒのいずれかの点灯又は／及
び音声によって測定者に指示する傾斜度指示手段１を有
する水準器本体１０の内部に、透光性液体２及び気泡３
を封入した気泡管４と、該気泡管４を挟む一側に配置し
た投光部５と、他側に前記投光部５に対向して且つ気泡
管４の長手方向に沿って配列した受光部６…群と、各受
光部６における光入力を電気信号に変換して出力する受
光素子７…群と、出力信号を発した受光素子７…の組合
せに基づき傾斜度指示手段１の点灯させる指示灯又は／
及び発する音声を選択する検出回路８とを備え、前記投
光部５からの光が、気泡管４内の気液界面３ａにおける
反射ないし屈折により気泡３位置の受光部６…には入射
せず、気泡３位置から外れた受光部６…のみに入射する
ように構成されてなるものである。In order to achieve the above object, the spirit level according to claim 1 of the present invention indicates the degree of inclination by lighting one of the indicator lamp groups 1g, 1y, 1o and 1r or / and. Inside the level body 10 having the inclination indicating means 1 for instructing the measurer by voice, the transparent liquid 2 and the bubbles 3 are provided.
A bubble tube 4 enclosing the bubble tube 4, a light projecting section 5 arranged on one side of the bubble tube 4, and a light receiving section on the other side facing the light projecting section 5 and arranged along the longitudinal direction of the bubble tube 4. The group 6 ... Group, the light receiving elements 7 ... Converting the light input in each light receiving section 6 into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal, and the light receiving element 7 ... Indicator light or /
And a detection circuit 8 for selecting a sound to be emitted, and the light from the light projecting unit 5 does not enter the light receiving unit 6 at the position of the bubble 3 due to reflection or refraction at the gas-liquid interface 3a in the bubble tube 4. , The light is incident only on the light receiving portions 6 ...
【０００７】請求項２の発明は、上記請求項１の水準器
において、投光部５の光源が単一の発光素子９からな
り、投光部５が該発光素子９からの光を方向転換して気
泡管に側方から入射させるプリズム５ａよりなる構成を
採用したものである。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to the first aspect, the light source of the light projecting section 5 comprises a single light emitting element 9, and the light projecting section 5 redirects the light from the light emitting element 9. The prism 5a is made to enter the bubble tube from the side.
【０００８】請求項３の発明は、上記請求項１の水準器
において、投光部５の光源が単一の発光素子９からな
り、投光部５が該発光素子９からの光を方向転換して気
泡管に側方から入射させる反射ミラー５ｂよりなる構成
を採用したものである。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to the first aspect, the light source of the light projecting section 5 comprises a single light emitting element 9, and the light projecting section 5 redirects the light from the light emitting element 9. Then, a structure including a reflection mirror 5b which is incident on the bubble tube from the side is adopted.
【０００９】請求項４の発明は、上記請求項１〜３の水
準器において、投光部５の光源の発光素子９が発光ダイ
オードであり、受光素子７がフォト・トランジスタ又は
フォト・ダイオードよりなる構成を採用したものであ
る。According to a fourth aspect of the invention, in the level of the first to third aspects, the light emitting element 9 of the light source of the light projecting section 5 is a light emitting diode, and the light receiving element 7 is a phototransistor or a photodiode. The configuration is adopted.
【００１０】請求項５の発明は、上記請求項１〜４のい
ずれかの水準器において、受光部６が一端を受光素子７
に臨ませた光ファイバー１１の他端にて構成されるもの
である。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the light receiving section 6 has one end having a light receiving element 7
And the other end of the optical fiber 11 facing the above.
【００１１】請求項６の発明は、上記請求項１〜５のい
ずれかの水準器において、傾斜度指示手段１の指示灯１
ｇ，１ｏ，１ｙ，１ｒ群が発光ダイオード１２よりなる
構成を採用したものである。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the indicator lamp 1 of the inclination indicating means 1 is used.
The g, 1o, 1y, and 1r groups are configured by the light emitting diode 12.
【００１２】請求項７の発明は、上記請求項１〜６のい
ずれかの水準器において、傾斜度指示手段１が、傾斜度
合に対応して点灯色の異なる指示灯１ｇ，１ｏ，１ｙ，
１ｒ群よりなる構成を採用したものである。According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, the inclination indicating means 1 has indicator lights 1g, 1o, 1y, having different lighting colors corresponding to the inclination degree.
It employs a configuration including a 1r group.
【００１３】請求項８の発明は、上記請求項１〜７の水
準器において、気泡管４の保持枠１３が水準器本体１０
に上下傾動可能に取り付けられ、水準器本体１０に対す
る該保持枠１３の一端側の高さを設定する水平調整ネジ
１４を備えてなる構成を採用したものである。According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, the holding frame 13 of the bubble tube 4 is provided in the electronic level body 10.
In this configuration, a horizontal adjustment screw 14 that is mounted so as to be vertically tiltable and that sets the height of one end side of the holding frame 13 with respect to the level body 10 is adopted.
【００１４】[0014]
【作用】請求項１の構成では、気泡管４内に封入された
アルコールやエーテル等の透光性液体２の屈折率が、気
泡３を構成する空気等の気体の屈折率と大きく異なるの
に対し、気泡管４を形成するガラスや透明性プラスチッ
ク等の屈折率と近似しているため、投光部５から気泡管
４に照射された光は、気泡位置では気液界面３ａで反射
ないし屈折して気泡３の背後の受光部６…には入射せ
ず、気泡３から外れた領域では略直進して受光部６…に
入射し、この入射光を受けた受光素子７…だけが電気信
号を出力することになる。しかして、水準器を載置した
被計測面の傾斜に応じて気泡管４内の気泡３位置が変化
するから、電気信号を出力する受光素子７…の組合せも
該被計測面の傾斜度合に対応して変わることになる。従
って、検出回路８を介して、電気信号を出力した受光素
子７…の組合せに対応して傾斜度指示手段１の指示灯１
ｇ，１ｏ，１ｙ，１ｒ群のいずれかを選択して点灯させ
るか、又は／及び所要の音声を選択して発するように設
定することにより、該被計測面の傾斜度合が上記点灯又
は／及び音声によって測定者に指示されることになる。In the structure of claim 1, the refractive index of the light-transmitting liquid 2 such as alcohol or ether sealed in the bubble tube 4 is significantly different from the refractive index of the gas such as air forming the bubble 3. On the other hand, since it is close to the refractive index of glass or transparent plastic forming the bubble tube 4, the light emitted from the light projecting unit 5 to the bubble tube 4 is reflected or refracted at the gas-liquid interface 3a at the bubble position. Then, the light does not enter the light-receiving portions 6 ... Behind the bubbles 3, but in a region outside the bubbles 3, the light-receiving elements 6 ... Will be output. Then, since the position of the bubble 3 in the bubble tube 4 changes in accordance with the inclination of the measured surface on which the level is placed, the combination of the light receiving elements 7 ... Which outputs an electric signal also depends on the inclination degree of the measured surface. It will change correspondingly. Therefore, the indicator lamp 1 of the inclination indicator 1 corresponds to the combination of the light receiving elements 7 ... Which output the electric signal via the detection circuit 8.
By selecting any one of the g, 1o, 1y, and 1r groups to light up, or / and setting to select and emit a desired sound, the inclination degree of the surface to be measured lights up or / and The operator will be instructed by voice.
【００１５】請求項２の構成では、単一の発光素子９か
らの出射光がプリズム５ａにより方向転換されて気泡管
４に側方から広い幅で入射するため、気泡管４沿って多
数の発光素子を配列する必要がなく、また複数の光源を
用いた場合のような光の干渉を生じず、この干渉による
計測精度の低下が回避される。In the structure of claim 2, the light emitted from the single light-emitting element 9 is redirected by the prism 5a and is incident on the bubble tube 4 with a wide width from the side. It is not necessary to arrange the elements, and light interference does not occur as in the case of using a plurality of light sources, and a decrease in measurement accuracy due to this interference is avoided.
【００１６】請求項３の構成では、前記請求項２の場合
と同様に多数の発光素子を配列する必要がなく複数光源
による光の干渉を回避できる上、反射ミラー５ｂとして
細長い形のものを用い、これを斜め下向きで気泡管４の
長手方向に沿うように配置すれば、下方の発光素子９か
らの光を気泡管４に長手方向に広い幅で入射でき、もっ
て前記プリズム５ａを用いる場合よりも水準器の幅を狭
く設定することが可能となる。In the structure of claim 3, as in the case of claim 2, it is not necessary to arrange a large number of light emitting elements, light interference due to a plurality of light sources can be avoided, and an elongated reflection mirror 5b is used. By arranging this obliquely downward along the longitudinal direction of the bubble tube 4, the light from the light emitting element 9 below can be incident on the bubble tube 4 with a wide width in the longitudinal direction, and thus, compared with the case where the prism 5a is used. It is also possible to set the width of the spirit level narrow.
【００１７】請求項４の構成では、投光部５の発光素子
９に発光ダイオード、受光素子７にフォト・トランジス
タ又はフォト・ダイオードを用いているため、発光の安
定性と受光作動の確実性が共に高く、もって計測精度と
その信頼性が向上し、また計測機構部をコンパクトに構
成できると共に、計測に要する電気エネルギーが非常に
少なくなる。In the structure of claim 4, since the light emitting element 9 of the light projecting portion 5 is a light emitting diode and the light receiving element 7 is a phototransistor or a photo diode, the stability of light emission and the reliability of light receiving operation are ensured. Both of them are high, and thus the measurement accuracy and the reliability thereof are improved, the measurement mechanism can be configured compactly, and the electric energy required for measurement is extremely reduced.
【００１８】請求項５の構成では、受光部６…で受けた
光を光ファイバー１１…にて受光素子７…に伝達できる
から、該受光素子７…を気泡管４から離れた任意の位置
に設置できる上、各受光部６が光ファイバー１１の端面
の大きさとなるから、受光素子７…の配列スペースによ
る制約を受けることなく受光部６…を気泡管４に沿って
密に配列し、もって計測精度を著しく高めることができ
る。In the structure of claim 5, since the light received by the light receiving portions 6 can be transmitted to the light receiving elements 7 through the optical fibers 11, the light receiving elements 7 are installed at an arbitrary position apart from the bubble tube 4. Moreover, since each light receiving section 6 has the size of the end face of the optical fiber 11, the light receiving sections 6 ... Are densely arranged along the bubble tube 4 without being restricted by the arrangement space of the light receiving elements 7 ,. Can be significantly increased.
【００１９】請求項６の構成では、傾斜度指示手段１の
指示灯１ｇ，１ｏ，１ｙ，１ｒが発光ダイオード１２よ
りなるから、少ない電気エネルギーによって安定した発
光表示を行え、且つ傾斜度指示部をコンパクトに構成で
きる。In the structure of claim 6, since the indicator lamps 1g, 1o, 1y, 1r of the inclination indicating means 1 are the light emitting diodes 12, stable emission display can be performed with a small amount of electric energy, and the inclination indicating portion is provided. It can be made compact.
【００２０】請求項７の構成では、計測された傾斜度合
に対応して傾斜度指示手段１の指示灯１ｇ，１ｏ，１
ｙ，１ｒの何れかが異なる色で点灯するから、点灯した
色の違いで傾斜度合をより確実に判定できることにな
る。According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the indicator lights 1g, 1o, 1 of the inclination indicating means 1 correspond to the measured inclination.
Since either y or 1r is lit in a different color, it is possible to more reliably determine the degree of inclination based on the lit color.
【００２１】請求項８の構成によれば、水平調整ネジ１
４の操作により水準器本体１０における気泡管４の保持
姿勢を独立に調整できるから、水準器の組立製作時には
気泡管４の保持姿勢を厳密に設定する必要がない。According to the structure of claim 8, the horizontal adjusting screw 1
Since the holding attitude of the bubble tube 4 in the spirit level body 10 can be independently adjusted by the operation of 4, it is not necessary to strictly set the holding attitude of the bubble tube 4 when assembling and manufacturing the spirit level.
【００２２】[0022]
【実施例】図１〜図７は本発明の第一実施例に係る水準
器Ａを示す。この水準器Ａの本体１０は、被計測面に載
置する帯板状の基準底板１５と箱枠状カバー１６とから
なる横長箱状に形成されており、その内部に計測機構部
１７及び電池装填部１８が構成され、上面中央部の一側
に臨む凹段部１６ａに、傾斜度指示手段１の発光ダイオ
ード１２…よりなる緑、橙，黄、赤の４色で計７個の指
示灯１ｇ，１ｏ，１ｙ，１ｒが緑を中心として両側に
橙，黄、赤が順次位置する形で長手方向に沿って配列す
ると共に、該凹段部１６ａよりやや離れた片側にスイッ
チ１９が露呈し、また片側の端面に電池出入用のねじ蓋
２０が螺着されている。1 to 7 show a spirit level A according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The main body 10 of the electronic level A is formed in a horizontally long box-like shape including a band-plate-shaped reference bottom plate 15 placed on the surface to be measured and a box-frame-shaped cover 16, and inside thereof has a measuring mechanism section 17 and a battery. The loading portion 18 is configured, and in the concave step portion 16a facing one side of the central portion of the upper surface, four indicator lights of four colors of green, orange, yellow, and red including the light emitting diodes 12 of the inclination degree indicating means 1 are provided. 1g, 1o, 1y, 1r are arranged along the longitudinal direction in the order of orange, yellow, and red on both sides centering on green, and the switch 19 is exposed on one side slightly away from the recessed portion 16a. Also, a screw lid 20 for inserting and removing the battery is screwed on one end face.
【００２３】計測機構部１７においては、基準底板１５
上に取付ボルト２１ａ…を介して保持枠１３が固着され
ており、この保持枠１３の上面側の長手方向方向に沿う
溝部１３ａに、アルコールやエーテル等の透光性液体２
及び気泡３を封入した緩い円弧状のガラス製気泡管４
が、両端に嵌合した取付ブロック２２，２２を取付ボル
ト２１ｂ，２１ｂにて該保持枠１３に固着することによ
り、その長手方向が水準器本体１０の長手方向に沿い且
つ中央が上方へ凸となる配置として保持されると共に、
該保持枠１３の下面側に、検出回路８を構成するＩＣ８
ａ，８ｂを設けたプリント配線基板２３が取付ねじ２４
ａ…を介して固着されている。なお気泡管４は、基準底
板１５が水平になったとき、気泡３が中央位置Ｏにくる
ように設定してある。In the measuring mechanism section 17, the reference bottom plate 15
A holding frame 13 is fixed to the upper side of the holding frame 13 via mounting bolts 21a, and a translucent liquid 2 such as alcohol or ether is provided in a groove portion 13a on the upper surface side of the holding frame 13 along the longitudinal direction.
And a loose bubble glass bubble tube 4 enclosing the bubble 3
However, by fixing the mounting blocks 22 and 22 fitted on both ends to the holding frame 13 with the mounting bolts 21b and 21b, the longitudinal direction thereof is along the longitudinal direction of the level body 10 and the center is convex upward. Is held as
The IC 8 forming the detection circuit 8 is provided on the lower surface side of the holding frame 13.
The printed wiring board 23 provided with a and 8b is the mounting screw 24.
It is fixed via a ... The bubble tube 4 is set so that the bubble 3 comes to the central position O when the reference bottom plate 15 becomes horizontal.
【００２４】保持枠１３の上面の気泡管４を挟む片側に
は、該気泡管４の一端側に位置して発光ダイオードより
なる発光素子９が取り付けられると共に、該気泡管４の
中央より若干他端側に位置して且つ気泡管４の上半部に
臨むように投光部５を構成する４５度プリズム５ａが固
着されており、もって発光素子９から出射した光を該プ
リズム５ａにより９０度方向転換して気泡管４に側方か
ら入射させるように設定されている。On one side of the upper surface of the holding frame 13 which sandwiches the bubble tube 4, a light emitting element 9 composed of a light emitting diode is attached to one end side of the bubble tube 4, and a little other than the center of the bubble tube 4. A 45-degree prism 5a that constitutes the light projecting portion 5 is fixed so as to be located on the end side and face the upper half of the bubble tube 4, so that the light emitted from the light-emitting element 9 is rotated by 90 degrees by the prism 5a. It is set so that the direction is changed and the light enters the bubble tube 4 from the side.
【００２５】また該保持枠１３のプリズム５を設けた側
とは反対側には、上面側に溝部１３ａに沿う側壁部１３
ｂを有すると共に、下面側に多数の凹所１３ｃ…が設け
てあり、これら凹所１３ｃ…にはプリント配線基板２３
に取り付けたフォト・トランジスタよりなる受光素子７
…が嵌入配置し、各受光素子７に一端を臨ませた多数本
の光ファイバー１１…の他端が側壁部１３ｂを貫通して
気泡管４に沿って配列し、該気泡管４を挟んで投光部５
に対向する受光部６…を構成しており、受光部６に入射
した光が光ファイバー１１を介して受光素子７に照射さ
れるようになっている。しかして、図７に示すように、
光を受けた受光素子７より出力される電気信号は検出回
路８に入力され、この電気信号に基づいて該検出回路８
は傾斜度指示手段１の指示灯１ｇ，１ｙ，１ｏ，１ｒの
いずれかを点灯させるように制御する。１２ａは傾斜度
指示手段１の発光ダイオード１２…を一体に取り付けた
取付板、２５は保持枠１３の上面全体を覆うカバー板で
ある。On the side of the holding frame 13 opposite to the side where the prism 5 is provided, the side wall portion 13 along the groove portion 13a is formed on the upper surface side.
b, and a large number of recesses 13c ... Are provided on the lower surface side, and the printed wiring board 23 is provided in these recesses 13c.
Light receiving element 7 consisting of a phototransistor attached to
... are inserted and arranged, and the other ends of a large number of optical fibers 11 with one end facing each light-receiving element 7 are arranged along the bubble tube 4 through the side wall portion 13b, and the bubble tube 4 is sandwiched and projected. Light part 5
Are configured to face each other, and the light incident on the light receiving unit 6 is irradiated onto the light receiving element 7 via the optical fiber 11. Then, as shown in FIG.
The electric signal output from the light receiving element 7 that receives the light is input to the detection circuit 8 and based on the electric signal, the detection circuit 8
Controls to turn on any one of the indicator lights 1g, 1y, 1o, 1r of the inclination indicating means 1. Reference numeral 12a is a mounting plate integrally mounted with the light emitting diodes 12 ... Of the inclination degree indicating means 1, and 25 is a cover plate for covering the entire upper surface of the holding frame 13.
【００２６】電池装填部１８は、対向配置した一対の側
枠１８ａ，１８ａ間に電池２６，２６を装填し、内奥の
ストッパー枠１８ｂに設けた端子板２７とねじ蓋２０の
内側に装着した端子兼用のコイルスプリング２８との間
で電気的導通をとると共に、、ねじ蓋２０を外して電池
２６，２６の出し入れを行うようになっている。In the battery loading section 18, the batteries 26, 26 are loaded between a pair of side frames 18a, 18a arranged opposite to each other, and the batteries 26, 26 are mounted inside the terminal plate 27 and the screw lid 20 provided on the inner stopper frame 18b. Electrical connection is established with the coil spring 28 that also serves as a terminal, and the screw lid 20 is removed to allow the batteries 26, 26 to be taken in and out.
【００２７】上記構成の水準器Ａでは、スイッチ１９を
ＯＮにすることにより電源が入り、発光素子９が発光
し、その光がプリズム５ａにより９０度方向転換して気
泡管４に側方から照射される。この照射光は、気泡管４
内の気泡３が存在する領域では図５に示すように気液界
面３ａで反射するため、気泡３の背後の受光部６…には
入射せず、気泡３から外れた領域では略直進して受光部
６…に入射する。しかして、水準器を載置した被計測面
の傾斜に応じて気泡管４内の気泡３位置が、図６に示す
ように左上がりの傾斜では実線位置、右上がりの傾斜で
は仮想線で示す位置というように変化するから、光を受
ける受光部６…つまり電気信号を出力する受光素子７…
の組合せは被計測面の傾斜度合に対応して変わる。In the level A having the above-mentioned structure, the power is turned on by turning on the switch 19, the light emitting element 9 emits light, and the light is redirected by 90 degrees by the prism 5a to irradiate the bubble tube 4 from the side. To be done. This irradiation light is transmitted through the bubble tube 4
In the area where the bubbles 3 are present, the light is reflected by the gas-liquid interface 3a as shown in FIG. 5, so that the light does not enter the light-receiving portions 6 ... It is incident on the light receiving portions 6 ... As shown in FIG. 6, the position of the bubble 3 in the bubble tube 4 according to the inclination of the surface to be measured on which the level is placed is shown by a solid line in the upward slope, and by a virtual line in the upward slope. Since it changes like a position, the light receiving portion 6 that receives light, that is, the light receiving element 7 that outputs an electric signal.
The combination of changes depending on the degree of inclination of the surface to be measured.
【００２８】次表は、１０個の受光部６…が水平時の気
泡３の左端位置を中心として左右に等間隔で配列してい
る場合の気泡移動つまり傾斜度合による受光素子７…の
受光状態の変化を示す一例である。なお、表中の（〇）
は受光、（−）は非受光であり、非受光の（−）が並ぶ
領域は投光部５と受光部６との間に気泡３が存在してい
ることを意味する。また受光素子７…は、最も左側の受
光部６に対応するものをNo.1として、それより右側へ配
列する受光部６に対応するものを配列順にNo.を付して
いる。The following table shows the light receiving states of the light receiving elements 7 depending on the movement of the bubbles, that is, the inclination degree when the ten light receiving portions 6 are arranged at equal intervals to the left and right around the left end position of the bubble 3 in the horizontal direction. It is an example showing a change of. In addition, (○) in the table
Indicates that light is received and (-) is not received, and that the bubble 3 is present between the light projecting unit 5 and the light receiving unit 6 in the region where the non-receiving (-) lines up. Further, regarding the light receiving elements 7 ..., the one corresponding to the leftmost light receiving portion 6 is designated as No. 1, and the one corresponding to the light receiving portion 6 arranged on the right side is numbered in the order of arrangement.
【００２９】[0029]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３０】上表において、水準器が水平状態にあると
き、受光素子 No.６〜１０が気泡に遮られて受光せず、
他の受光素子 No.１〜５が受光する、受光パターンＥと
なる。しかして水準器が左上がりになるほど No.の小さ
い受光素子が非受光となり、受光パターンはＦ→Ｇ→Ｈ
→Ｉ→と変わっていく。逆に水準器が右上がりになるほ
ど非受光の受光素子が少なくなり、受光パターンはＤ→
Ｃ→Ｂ→Ａと変わる。In the above table, when the level is in the horizontal state, the light receiving elements No. 6 to 10 do not receive light because they are blocked by the air bubbles.
The light receiving pattern E is received by the other light receiving elements Nos. 1 to 5. However, as the level goes up to the left, the light receiving element with a smaller No. becomes non-light receiving, and the light receiving pattern is F → G → H.
→ I → On the contrary, as the level goes up to the right, the number of non-light receiving elements decreases, and the light receiving pattern becomes D →
Change from C to B to A.
【００３１】そこで、検出回路８により、例えば表の指
示灯色として示すように、受光素子７…群からの入力状
態が受光パターンＥに対応するときに傾斜度指示手段１
の中央に位置する緑の指示灯１ｇ、同入力状態が受光パ
ターンＤでは右の黄の指示灯１ｙ、受光パターンＦでは
左の黄の指示灯１ｙ、受光パターンＣでは右の橙の指示
灯１ｏ、受光パターンＧでは左の橙の指示灯１ｏ、他の
受光パターンＢ，Ａ及びＨ，Ｉでは上がり側に対応する
赤の指示灯１ｒ、がそれぞれ点灯するように設定すれ
ば、この点灯色によって傾斜状態を遠方からでも判定で
き、緑の点灯により水平状態が指示されるから点灯色の
変化を指標として水平調整の操作を行える。Therefore, when the input state from the group of light receiving elements 7 corresponds to the light receiving pattern E by the detection circuit 8 as indicated by the indicator light color in the table, the inclination degree indicating means 1 is provided.
A green indicator light 1g located in the center of the light receiving pattern D, a right yellow indicator light 1y in the light receiving pattern D, a left yellow indicator light 1y in the light receiving pattern F, and a right orange indicator light 1o in the light receiving pattern C. , The left orange indicator light 1o in the light-receiving pattern G, and the red indicator light 1r corresponding to the upward side in the other light-receiving patterns B, A and H, I are set to light up, respectively. The tilted state can be determined from a distance, and since the horizontal state is indicated by lighting green, the horizontal adjustment operation can be performed using the change in the lighting color as an index.
【００３２】図８〜１１は本発明の第二実施例に係る水
準器Ｂを示しており、その構成各部において前記第一実
施例と同義の部分には同じ符号を付している。8 to 11 show a level B according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and in each component of the structure, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals.
【００３３】この水準器Ｂの本体１０は、断面縦長矩形
の角筒材２９の一端側に短い栓体３０ａが、他端側に電
池装填部１８を構成する長い筒状の栓体３０ｂがそれぞ
れ嵌挿されてなり、栓体３０ａ側の内部に計測機構部１
７が構成されると共に、上面中央部に設けた長手方向に
沿う凹部２９ａに、前記第一実施例の水準器Ａと同様に
発光ダイオード１２…よりなる計７個の指示灯１ｇ，１
ｏ，１ｙ，１ｒを配列した傾斜度指示手段１が設けら
れ、その片側に片側にスイッチ１９が露呈している。な
お、筒状の栓体３０ｂの外端部には電池出入用のねじ蓋
２０が螺着され、該栓体３０ｂの内側に電池２６，２６
を装填し、内奥の端子板２７とねじ蓋２０の内側のコイ
ルスプリング２８とで電気的導通をとるようにしてあ
る。３１ａは栓体３０ａ，３０ｂを角筒材２９に固着す
る取付ねじである。In the main body 10 of the level B, a short plug 30a is provided at one end of a rectangular tubular member 29 having a vertically long rectangular cross section, and a long tubular plug 30b constituting the battery loading portion 18 is provided at the other end. The measurement mechanism unit 1 is inserted inside and is provided inside the plug body 30a.
7 is formed, and a total of seven indicator lights 1g, 1 composed of light emitting diodes 12 are provided in a recess 29a provided in the central portion of the upper surface and extending in the longitudinal direction, like the level A of the first embodiment.
The inclination indicating means 1 in which o, 1y, 1r are arranged is provided, and the switch 19 is exposed on one side of the inclination indicating means 1. A screw lid 20 for inserting and removing the battery is screwed to the outer end of the cylindrical plug 30b, and the batteries 26, 26 are provided inside the plug 30b.
And the coil spring 28 inside the screw lid 20 is electrically connected. Reference numeral 31a is a mounting screw for fixing the plugs 30a and 30b to the rectangular tube member 29.
【００３４】計測機構部１７においては、内底部に厚板
状の取付板３２が取付ねじ３１ｂ…を介して角筒材２９
に固着されており、この取付板３２上に略矩形ブロック
状の保持枠１３が配置している。この保持枠１３は、長
手方向両端に形成された取付用脚部１３ｄ，１３ｅ間の
底面に、検出回路８を構成するＩＣ８ａ，８ｂを設けた
プリント配線基板２３が取付ねじ２４ｂ…を介して固着
されると共に、上面側には底面を円弧面とした溝部１３
ａが長手方向に沿って設けられ、この溝部１３ａ内に透
光性液体２及び気泡３を封入した緩い円弧状のガラス製
気泡管４が中央を上方へ凸となる配置で装填され、且つ
該溝部１３ａの両端部に充填したコーキング材３３によ
って固定されている。In the measuring mechanism section 17, a thick plate-shaped mounting plate 32 is attached to the inner bottom portion of the square tubular member 29 via mounting screws 31b.
The holding frame 13 having a substantially rectangular block shape is arranged on the mounting plate 32. In this holding frame 13, a printed wiring board 23 provided with ICs 8a and 8b forming the detection circuit 8 is fixed to the bottom surface between the mounting leg portions 13d and 13e formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction via mounting screws 24b. And a groove portion 13 whose bottom surface is an arc surface on the upper surface side.
a is provided along the longitudinal direction, a loose arc-shaped glass bubble tube 4 enclosing the translucent liquid 2 and the bubbles 3 in the groove 13a is loaded in such a manner that the center thereof is convex upward, and It is fixed by caulking material 33 filled in both ends of the groove 13a.
【００３５】また溝部１３ａの片側の側壁部は中間部が
気泡管４の高さの１／２まで切り欠かれており、この切
り欠き部分において気泡管４の上半部と同高さで対向す
るように、投光部５を構成する帯板状の反射ミラー５ｂ
が溝部１３ａと平行に保持枠１３に固着されている。し
かして、該反射ミラー５ｂはその反射面を気泡管４側に
斜め下向きとする４５度の傾斜状態に配置すると共に、
該反射ミラー５ｂの中央部の直下にはプリント配線基板
２３に取り付けた一個の発光ダイオードよりなる発光素
子９が位置しており、該発光素子９から出射した光が反
射ミラー５ｂで反射されて気泡管４に側方から入射する
ようになっている。The middle portion of the side wall portion on one side of the groove 13a is cut out to a half of the height of the bubble tube 4, and the cutout portion faces the upper half of the bubble tube 4 at the same height. As described above, the strip-shaped reflection mirror 5b forming the light projecting unit 5 is formed.
Is fixed to the holding frame 13 in parallel with the groove 13a. Then, the reflecting mirror 5b is arranged such that its reflecting surface is inclined downward toward the bubble tube 4 side at an angle of 45 degrees, and
A light emitting element 9 composed of one light emitting diode mounted on the printed wiring board 23 is located immediately below the center of the reflecting mirror 5b, and the light emitted from the light emitting element 9 is reflected by the reflecting mirror 5b to form a bubble. It is adapted to enter the tube 4 from the side.
【００３６】保持枠１３の反射ミラー５ｂを設けた側と
は反対側には、下面側に多数の凹所１３ｃ…が設けてあ
り、これら凹所１３ｃ…にはプリント配線基板２３に取
り付けたフォト・トランジスタよりなる受光素子７…が
嵌入配置し、各受光素子７に一端を臨ませた多数本の光
ファイバー１１…の他端が溝部１３ａの側壁部１３ｂを
貫通して気泡管４に沿って配列し、該気泡管４を挟んで
投光部５に対向する受光部６…を構成しており、前記第
一実施例と同様に、受光部６に入射した光が光ファイバ
ー１１を介して受光素子７に照射されるようになってい
る。A large number of recesses 13c ... Are provided on the lower surface side of the holding frame 13 on the side opposite to the side where the reflection mirror 5b is provided. These recesses 13c ... Are mounted on the printed wiring board 23. The light receiving elements 7 made up of transistors are inserted and arranged, and the other ends of the plurality of optical fibers 11 with one end facing each light receiving element 7 penetrate through the side wall portion 13b of the groove 13a and are arranged along the bubble tube 4. Then, the light receiving section 6 is formed so as to face the light projecting section 5 with the bubble tube 4 interposed therebetween, and the light incident on the light receiving section 6 passes through the optical fiber 11 as in the first embodiment. It is supposed to be irradiated to 7.
【００３７】一方、保持枠１３の一側の脚部１３ｄは、
底面が当該保持枠１３の幅方向に一様な凸円弧面３４を
なすと共に、該凸円弧面３４の中央を通って且つ上方へ
若干拡径した一対のテーパ状貫通孔３５，３５を有して
おり、これら貫通孔３５，３５に上方から挿通した取付
ボルト３６，３６が取付板３１に螺挿されている。また
他側の脚部１３ｅには下方に開放したばね保持穴３７が
形成され、このばね保持穴３７内に圧縮コイルスプリン
グ３８が装填されると共に、上半部が太径の水平調整ね
じ１４が当該脚部１３ｅ上の段部１３ｆより上方から貫
通して、ばね保持穴３７内を通して取付板３１に螺挿さ
れ、段部１３ｆに該調整ねじ１４の周段部１４ａが圧縮
コイルスプリング３８の付勢により押接状態で係合して
いる。従って、保持枠１３は、取付ボルト３６，３６を
締め付けた状態で水平調整ねじ１４を捻回操作すること
により、凸円弧面３４の接触部位を中心として脚部１３
ｅ側が取付板３２に対して上下するように傾動させるこ
とができると共に、設定した傾動姿勢で安定に保持され
る。なお、水平調整ねじ１４は、外部から捻回操作でき
るように、頭部が本体１０の上面に露呈している。On the other hand, the leg portion 13d on one side of the holding frame 13 is
The bottom surface forms a uniform convex arcuate surface 34 in the width direction of the holding frame 13, and has a pair of tapered through holes 35, 35 passing through the center of the convex arcuate surface 34 and slightly expanding upward. The mounting bolts 36, 36 inserted into the through holes 35, 35 from above are screwed into the mounting plate 31. Further, a spring holding hole 37 opened downward is formed in the leg portion 13e on the other side, and a compression coil spring 38 is loaded in the spring holding hole 37, and at the same time, a horizontal adjusting screw 14 having a thick upper half is provided. It penetrates from above the step 13f on the leg 13e, is screwed into the mounting plate 31 through the spring holding hole 37, and the peripheral step 14a of the adjusting screw 14 is provided with the compression coil spring 38 on the step 13f. It is engaged in a pressed state by force. Therefore, the holding frame 13 is operated by twisting the horizontal adjusting screw 14 with the mounting bolts 36, 36 tightened, whereby the leg portion 13 is centered on the contact portion of the convex arc surface 34.
It can be tilted so that the e side moves up and down with respect to the mounting plate 32, and is stably held in the set tilting posture. The head of the horizontal adjusting screw 14 is exposed on the upper surface of the main body 10 so that the horizontal adjusting screw 14 can be twisted from the outside.
【００３８】上記構成の水準器Ｂでは、スイッチ１９を
ＯＮにすることにより電源が入り、発光素子９が発光
し、その光が反射ミラー５ｂにより９０度方向転換して
気泡管４に側方から照射されるが、前記第一実施例の水
準器Ａと同様に、気泡３の背後の受光部６…には気液界
面３ａでの反射により入射せず、気泡３から外れた領域
の受光部６…に入射するから、光を受ける受光部６…つ
まり電気信号を出力する受光素子７…の組合せは被計測
面の傾斜度合に対応して変わる。しかして前記第一実施
例と同様に、検出回路８により、被計測面が水平である
ときには傾斜度指示手段１の中央に位置する緑の指示灯
１ｇが点灯し、傾斜している場合には傾斜度合が大きい
ほど黄の指示灯１ｙ→橙の指示灯１ｏ→赤の指示灯１ｒ
と点灯部が変わるように設定される。従って、この点灯
色によって傾斜状態を遠方からでも判定でき、緑の点灯
により水平状態が指示されるから点灯色の変化を指標と
して水平調整の操作を行える。なお、この水準器Ｂで
は、水平検出の精度を高めるために、受光部６…は水平
時に気泡３の左端がくる領域で配置密度が高くなるよう
に不等間隔に配列させている。In the level B having the above structure, the power is turned on by turning on the switch 19, the light emitting element 9 emits light, and the light is redirected by 90 degrees by the reflection mirror 5b to the bubble tube 4 from the side. Although the light is irradiated, as in the level A of the first embodiment, the light-receiving portion 6 behind the bubble 3 does not enter due to reflection at the gas-liquid interface 3a, and the light-receiving portion in a region outside the bubble 3 6, the combination of the light receiving portions 6 receiving light, that is, the light receiving elements 7 outputting an electric signal, changes depending on the degree of inclination of the surface to be measured. As in the case of the first embodiment, however, the detection circuit 8 turns on the green indicator lamp 1g located at the center of the inclination degree indicating means 1 when the surface to be measured is horizontal, and when it is inclined. The larger the degree of inclination, the yellow indicator light 1y → orange indicator light 1o → red indicator light 1r
And the lighting unit is set to change. Therefore, the tilted state can be determined from a distance from this lighting color, and since the horizontal state is indicated by lighting green, the horizontal adjustment operation can be performed using the change in the lighting color as an index. In this level B, in order to improve the accuracy of horizontal detection, the light receiving sections 6 ... Are arranged at unequal intervals so that the arrangement density becomes high in the region where the left end of the bubbles 3 comes when the level is horizontal.
【００３９】しかして、この水準器Ｂの組立製作におい
ては、気泡管４を装着した保持枠１３を取付板３２に取
り付ける際、単に取付ボルト３６，３６及び水平調整ね
じ１４を螺着して締め付けるだけでよく、該気泡管４の
本体１０に対する姿勢を厳密に設定する必要がない。し
かして、気泡管４の姿勢の設定は、組立製作後の水準器
Ｂを水平面上に置き、水平調整ねじ１４を捻回操作して
気泡３が気泡管４の基準位置にくるように調整すればよ
い。従って、組立製作が非常に容易になる上、気泡管４
の取付姿勢の狂いによる不良品の発生を完全に排除でき
る。また、この水準器Ｂでは、投光部５に反射ミラー５
ｂを用いるため、第一実施例の水準器Ａのようにプリズ
ム５ａを用いる構成に比べ、投光部５における本体１０
の幅方向の寸法を短く設定でき、それだけ水準器を幅が
小さくコンパクトなものにできるという利点がある。In the assembly and manufacture of the level B, however, when the holding frame 13 having the bubble tube 4 mounted thereon is mounted on the mounting plate 32, the mounting bolts 36, 36 and the horizontal adjusting screw 14 are simply screwed and tightened. However, it is not necessary to strictly set the attitude of the bubble tube 4 with respect to the main body 10. Then, the attitude of the bubble tube 4 is set by placing the level B after assembly and production on a horizontal plane and twisting the horizontal adjusting screw 14 so that the bubble 3 comes to the reference position of the bubble tube 4. Good. Therefore, assembling and manufacturing becomes very easy, and the bubble tube 4
It is possible to completely eliminate the occurrence of defective products due to incorrect mounting posture. Further, in this level B, the reflecting mirror 5 is provided in the light projecting section 5.
Since b is used, the main body 10 in the light projecting unit 5 is different from the structure using the prism 5a as in the level A of the first embodiment.
There is an advantage that the widthwise dimension of can be set shorter, and the level can be made smaller and compact accordingly.
【００４０】なお、前記の第一及び第二実施例では傾斜
度指示手段１として傾斜度合に対応していずれかが点灯
する異なる点灯色の指示灯群を採用しているが、これら
指示灯群を同じ点灯色として点灯位置より傾斜度合を判
定するようにしたり、これら指示灯群に代えて傾斜度合
に対応して異なる音を発するブザーや音声発生装置を用
いたり、上記指示灯群と共に水平状態になった際に音を
発するブザーを併用することも可能である。また受光素
子７…の配置は、両実施例共に本体１０の長手方向に配
列しているが、一か所にまとめたり、方々に分散させる
等、光ファイバー１１…の配線によってどのようにも設
定できる。更に前記第二実施例のように保持枠１３を独
立に傾動調整する場合に、傾動中心側の端部を本体１０
側に枢着した構造や、保持枠１３の長手方向中間部で本
体１０に枢支した構造としてもよい。その他、本発明に
おいては、受光部６…の設定数、その気泡管４に対する
配置位置及び配置間隔、指示灯群の数及び点灯色種、保
持枠１３の形状と気泡管４の保持構造、検出回路８の構
成、電池装填部１８の構造等、細部構成については実施
例以外に種々設計変更可能である。In the above-mentioned first and second embodiments, as the inclination degree indicating means 1, indicator lamp groups of different lighting colors in which one of them is turned on according to the inclination degree are adopted. To determine the degree of inclination from the lighting position with the same lighting color, or to use a buzzer or sound generator that emits different sounds corresponding to the degree of inclination in place of these indicator lamp groups, or to maintain a horizontal state with the indicator lamp group. It is also possible to use a buzzer that makes a sound when it becomes. The light receiving elements 7 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the main body 10 in both the embodiments, but can be set in any way by wiring the optical fibers 11, ... . Further, when tilting the holding frame 13 independently as in the second embodiment, the end portion on the tilting center side is placed on the main body 10.
The structure may be pivotally attached to the side, or may be pivotally supported on the main body 10 at an intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction of the holding frame 13. In addition, in the present invention, the set number of the light receiving portions 6 ..., their arrangement positions and arrangement intervals with respect to the bubble tube 4, the number and lighting color type of the indicator lamp group, the shape of the holding frame 13 and the holding structure of the bubble tube 4, detection The detailed configuration such as the configuration of the circuit 8 and the structure of the battery loading portion 18 can be variously modified in addition to the embodiment.
【００４１】また本発明の水準器は、計測機構及び傾斜
度指示手段のユニットを複数として、直交する２方向
（例えば前記実施例における水準器本体１０の長手方向
と幅方向）の傾斜を計測可能な構成としたり、この直交
する２方向に更に他方向を加えた３方向以上の傾斜を計
測できる構成としてもよい。更に、例えば潜水艦艇の浮
潜角度や船舶の傾き等の変動の大きい傾斜度合を計測す
るものとして、曲率の大きい気泡管を使用し、他の計測
機構各部を前記同様に設定した構成も採用可能である。Further, in the spirit level of the present invention, a plurality of units of the measuring mechanism and the inclination indicating means can be used to measure the tilt in two orthogonal directions (for example, the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the spirit level body 10 in the above-mentioned embodiment). Alternatively, the inclination may be measured in three or more directions in which the other two directions are added to the two orthogonal directions. Further, for example, a bubble tube with a large curvature is used to measure the degree of inclination of a submarine ship such as the floating angle or the inclination of the ship, which has large fluctuations, and other measurement mechanisms can be configured in the same manner as above. Is.
【００４２】[0042]
【発明の効果】請求項１の発明によれば、気泡管を利用
して被計測面の傾斜度合を自動的に判定する水準器とし
て、気泡管に特殊な液体を封入したり電気抵抗体や電極
を取り付ける必要がなく、従来汎用の目視判定方式の水
準器における気泡管をそのまま利用でき、しかも光電方
式により傾斜度合を精度よく計測及び指示できると共
に、被計測面が高所にあったり計測部位とその水平調整
の操作部位とが離れている場合でも支障なく容易に傾斜
度合を判定できる上、作動の信頼性及び耐久性に優れ、
且つ構造的に簡素で安価に製作できるものが提供され
る。According to the first aspect of the present invention, as a level for automatically determining the degree of inclination of the surface to be measured using the bubble tube, a bubble tube is filled with a special liquid or an electric resistor or There is no need to attach an electrode, the bubble tube in the conventional general-purpose visual judgment type level can be used as it is, and the inclination degree can be accurately measured and instructed by the photoelectric method, and the measured surface is at a high place or the measurement site. The inclination degree can be easily judged without any trouble even when the and the operation part for horizontal adjustment are separated, and the operation reliability and durability are excellent.
In addition, a structure is provided that is simple and can be manufactured at low cost.
【００４３】請求項２の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、気泡管沿って多数の発光素子を配列する必要がな
く、それだけ発光部側の構成が簡素になり、計測機構部
をコンパクトに構成できると共に、該計測機構部の部品
コスト及び製作コストが低減され、また複数の光源を用
いた場合のような光の干渉による計測精度の低下のない
ものが提供される。According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is not necessary to arrange a large number of light emitting elements along the bubble tube as the level, and the structure on the light emitting portion side is simplified accordingly, and the measuring mechanism portion is made compact. It is possible to provide a structure that can be configured, and that can reduce the cost of parts and manufacturing cost of the measurement mechanism section and that does not reduce the measurement accuracy due to light interference as in the case of using a plurality of light sources.
【００４４】請求項３の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、請求項２の場合と同様に多数の発光素子を配列す
る必要がなく、複数光源による光の干渉を回避できる
上、より幅の小さいコンパクトなものを提供できる。According to the invention of claim 3, as in the case of claim 2, it is not necessary to arrange a large number of light emitting elements as the above level, it is possible to avoid light interference by a plurality of light sources, and a wider width is obtained. It is possible to provide a small and compact product.
【００４５】請求項４の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、発光の安定性と受光作動の確実性が共に高く、も
って計測精度とその信頼性が向上し、且つ計測機構部を
よりコンパクトに構成できると共に、計測に要する電気
エネルギーが非常に少なくて済むものが提供される。According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, as the above-mentioned level, both the stability of light emission and the certainty of light receiving operation are high, the measurement accuracy and its reliability are improved, and the measurement mechanism section is more compact. In addition, it is possible to provide a device that requires very little electric energy for measurement.
【００４６】請求項５の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、受光素子を気泡管に沿って配列させる必要がなく
該気泡管から離れた任意の位置に設置できる上、各受光
部が光ファイバーの端面の大きさとなるから、受光素子
の配列スペースによる制約を受けることなく受光部を気
泡管に沿って密に配列でき、もって計測精度を著しく高
め得るものが提供される。According to the fifth aspect of the invention, as the level, it is not necessary to arrange the light receiving elements along the bubble tube, and the light receiving element can be installed at an arbitrary position apart from the bubble tube, and each light receiving section is an optical fiber. Since the size of the end surface of the light receiving element is the same, the light receiving portions can be densely arranged along the bubble tube without being restricted by the arrangement space of the light receiving elements, and thus the measurement accuracy can be remarkably improved.
【００４７】請求項６の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、傾斜度指示手段の指示灯群が発光ダイオードより
なるから、少ない電気エネルギーによって安定した発光
表示を行え、且つ傾斜度指示部がコンパクトで耐久性に
優れるものが提供される。According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in the above level, since the indicator lamp group of the inclination indicating means comprises the light emitting diodes, stable emission display can be performed with a small amount of electric energy, and the inclination indicating section is provided. A compact and durable product is provided.
【００４８】請求項７の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、傾斜度合に応じて傾斜度指示手段の指示灯群の何
れかが異なる色で点灯するため、点灯した色の違いから
傾斜度合をより確実に判定でき、もって特に被計測面が
高所にあったり計測部位とその水平調整の操作部位とが
離れている場合により好適に適用し得るものが提供され
る。According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, in the above-mentioned level, any one of the indicator lamp groups of the inclination indicator means lights up in a different color depending on the inclination degree. It is possible to more reliably determine that the surface to be measured is located at a high place or the measured portion and the operation portion for horizontal adjustment thereof are separated from each other, and thus it is possible to apply the present invention more suitably.
【００４９】請求項８の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、水平調整ネジの操作により水準器本体における気
泡管の保持姿勢を独立に調整できるから、水準器の組立
製作時には気泡管４の保持姿勢を厳密に設定する必要が
なく、組立製作が非常に容易になる上、組立製作時にお
ける気泡管の取付姿勢の狂いによる不良品の発生を完全
に排除でき、もって製品の歩留りがよく信頼性の高いも
のが提供される。According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the holding position of the bubble tube in the spirit level body can be independently adjusted by operating the level adjusting screw, the level tube of the bubble tube 4 is assembled and manufactured. There is no need to set the holding posture strictly, assembly and manufacturing is very easy, and the generation of defective products due to the deviation of the mounting position of the bubble tube during assembly and manufacturing can be completely eliminated, and product yield is high and reliable. High quality is provided.
【図１】 本発明の第一実施例に係る水準器Ａの斜視
図。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a spirit level A according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】 同水準器Ａの要部の横断平面図。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view of a main part of the level bubble A.
【図３】 図２のIII −III 線の断面矢視図。3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG.
【図４】 同水準器Ａの計測機構部の縦断正面図。FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional front view of the measuring mechanism section of the level A.
【図５】 同計測機構部の気泡管部分の縦断側面図。FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional side view of a bubble tube portion of the measurement mechanism unit.
【図６】 同気泡管の縦断正面図。FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional front view of the bubble tube.
【図７】 同計測機構部の構成を示す模式図。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the measurement mechanism unit.
【図８】 本発明の第二実施例に係る水準器Ｂの要部破
断平面図。FIG. 8 is a fragmentary plan view of a level bubble B according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】 図８のＩＸ−ＩＸ線の断面矢視図。9 is a cross-sectional arrow view taken along line IX-IX in FIG.
【図１０】 図９のＸ−Ｘ線の断面矢視図。10 is a cross-sectional arrow view taken along line XX of FIG.
【図１１】 同水準器Ｂにおける気泡管の保持枠の斜視
図。FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a holding frame for a bubble tube in the level bubble B.
１ 傾斜度指示手段 １ｇ 指示灯（緑） １ｙ 指示灯（黄） １ｏ 指示灯（橙） １ｒ 指示灯（赤） ２ 透光性液体 ３ 気泡 ３ａ 気液界面 ４ 気泡管 ５ 投光部 ５ａ ４５度プリズム ５ｂ 反射ミラー ６ 受光部 ７ 受光素子 ８ 検出回路 ９ 発光素子 １０ 水準器本体 １１ 光ファイバー １２ 発光ダイオード １３ 保持枠 １４ 水平調整ネジ 1 Inclination indicator 1g Indicator light (green) 1y Indicator light (yellow) 1o Indicator light (orange) 1r Indicator light (red) 2 Translucent liquid 3 Bubbles 3a Gas-liquid interface 4 Bubble tube 5 Light emitting part 5a 45 degrees Prism 5b Reflecting mirror 6 Light receiving part 7 Light receiving element 8 Detection circuit 9 Light emitting element 10 Level body 11 Optical fiber 12 Light emitting diode 13 Holding frame 14 Horizontal adjustment screw
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成７年４月１７日[Submission date] April 17, 1995
【手続補正１】[Procedure Amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】全文[Correction target item name] Full text
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction content]
【書類名】 明細書[Document name] Statement
【発明の名称】 水準器[Title of the invention] Electronic level
【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]
【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、気泡管を利用して被計
測面の傾斜度合を自動的に計測し、該傾斜度合に応じた
異なる発光色又は／及び音声によって測定者に指示する
光電式の水準器に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention uses a bubble tube to automatically measure the degree of inclination of a surface to be measured, and uses a photoelectric signal for instructing a measurer by different emission colors and / or voices according to the degree of inclination. Regarding the level of the expression.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】被計測面に載置して水平度を調べる水準
器として、古くから角棒材やフレーム等の基体にガラス
製気泡管を取り付けたものが汎用されているが、気泡管
の目盛を基準にして気泡の位置を目視判定することか
ら、被計測面が高所にある場合に計測しにくい上、計測
部位とその水平調整の操作部位とが離れている場合に
は、両部位間の行き来のために作業が非常に煩雑にな
り、これを避けるには計測者と操作者を別に確保する必
要があり、また計測者による判定のバラツキを生じ易い
という難点がある。2. Description of the Related Art As a level that is mounted on a surface to be measured to check the levelness, a glass bubble tube attached to a base such as a square bar or a frame has been widely used for a long time. Since the bubble position is visually determined based on the scale, it is difficult to measure when the surface to be measured is at a high place, and when the measurement site and the operation site for horizontal adjustment are far apart, both sites are measured. The work becomes very complicated due to the traffic between them, and in order to avoid this, it is necessary to separately secure a measurer and an operator, and there is a drawback that the measurer is likely to make a variation in the determination.
【０００３】そこで近年においては、気泡管を利用して
被計測面の傾斜度合を自動的に判定する水準器として、
気泡管内に電解液を封入すると共に電極を設け、気泡の
移動を電気出力として捉えるもの、気泡管内に導電性液
体を封入すると共に気泡に露出する電気抵抗体を装填
し、気泡の移動に伴う該電気抵抗体の抵抗値変化から傾
斜を測定するもの（特開昭５７−１６６５１１号公
報）、磁性流体を封入した気泡管の外周に作動トランス
を構成し、傾斜による気泡の移動を電気的出力として捉
えるもの（実開昭６０−５３００７号公報、同６４−２
１０７号公報等）、非透光性液体を封入した気泡管を挟
んで発光素子と受光素子を対向配置し、気泡部分を通る
光により、スイッチング回路を介して表示ランプ及び警
告ブザーを作動させ、傾斜度合を知るもの（実開昭５２
−７５４５６号公報）等が提案されている。Therefore, in recent years, as a level that automatically determines the degree of inclination of the surface to be measured using a bubble tube,
A bubble tube is provided with an electrode and an electrode is provided to capture the movement of bubbles as an electric output. A bubble tube is filled with a conductive liquid and an electric resistor exposed to the bubbles is loaded, and A device for measuring the inclination from a change in the resistance value of an electric resistor (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 166511/1982), and an operating transformer is provided on the outer periphery of a bubble tube in which a magnetic fluid is sealed, and the movement of the bubble due to the inclination is used as an electrical output. What to capture (Shokai Sho 60-53007, 64-2)
No. 107, etc.), a light emitting element and a light receiving element are arranged so as to face each other with a bubble tube filled with a non-translucent liquid interposed therebetween, and light passing through the bubble portion activates an indicator lamp and a warning buzzer via a switching circuit, Those that know the degree of inclination
-75456 gazette) etc. are proposed.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかるに、これらの提
案された自動判定方式の水準器は、いずれも気泡管内に
封入する液体として特殊なものを使用するため、気泡の
移動性及び合一性や封入液体の安定性に難があり、計測
精度の信頼性及び耐久性に劣ると共に、材料コストも高
く付くという問題があった。また電気抵抗体や電極を用
いるものでは気泡管自体の製作コストが高く付く一方、
差動トランスを構成するものでは気泡管の周辺構造が複
雑化するという問題があった。更に前記の発光素子と受
光素子を利用するものでは、気泡部分を光透過させる上
で、気泡を大きくして管内壁との間に非透光性流体が介
在しない領域を広くする必要があり、そのために計測精
度が低下するという難点もあった。However, in all of the proposed automatic determination type spirit levels, since a special liquid is used as the liquid to be sealed in the bubble tube, the mobility and coalescence of the bubbles and the There is a problem that the stability of the enclosed liquid is difficult, the measurement accuracy is low in reliability and durability, and the material cost is high. In addition, while using an electric resistor or an electrode adds to the manufacturing cost of the bubble tube itself,
Not constitute a differential transformer there is a problem that the peripheral structure of the bubble tube is complicated. Further, in the case of utilizing the light emitting element and the light receiving element, in order to transmit light through the bubble portion, it is necessary to enlarge the bubble and widen the region where the non-translucent fluid is not present between the inner wall of the tube and Therefore, there is also a drawback that the measurement accuracy is lowered.
【０００５】本発明は、上述の状況に鑑み、気泡管を利
用して被計測面の傾斜度合を自動的に判定する水準器と
して、気泡管に特殊な液体を封入したり電気抵抗体や電
極を取り付ける必要がなく、従来汎用の目視判定方式の
水準器における気泡管をそのまま利用でき、しかも光電
方式により傾斜度合を精度よく計測及び指示できると共
に、作動の信頼性及び耐久性に優れ、且つ構造的に簡素
で安価に製作できるものを提供することを目的としてい
る。In view of the above situation, the present invention uses a bubble tube as a level for automatically determining the degree of inclination of a surface to be measured, in which a bubble tube is filled with a special liquid, an electric resistor or an electrode. There is no need to attach a bubble, the bubble tube in the conventional level of the general visual judgment method can be used as it is, and the inclination degree can be accurately measured and instructed by the photoelectric method, and the operation reliability and durability are excellent and the structure The purpose of the present invention is to provide a product that is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、本発明の請求項１に係る水準器は、傾斜度合を指示
灯群１ｇ，１ｙ，１ｏ，１ｒのいずれかの点灯又は／及
び音声によって測定者に指示する傾斜度指示手段１と、
透光性液体２及び気泡３を封入した気泡管４と、該気泡
管４を挟む一側に配置した投光手段５と、他側に前記投
光手段５に対向して且つ気泡管４の長手方向に沿って配
列され前記投光手段５からの光入力を電気信号に変換し
て出力する受光手段７…と、該受光手段７の出力信号に
基づき傾斜度指示手段１の点灯させる指示灯又は／及び
発する音声を選択する検出回路８とを備え、前記投光手
段５からの光が、気泡管４内の気液界面３ａにおける反
射ないし屈折により気泡３位置の受光手段７…には入射
せず、気泡３位置から外れた受光手段７…のみに入射す
るように構成されてなるものである。In order to achieve the above object, the spirit level according to claim 1 of the present invention indicates the degree of inclination by lighting one of the indicator lamp groups 1g, 1y, 1o and 1r or / and. An inclination indicating means 1 for instructing a measurer by voice ,
A bubble tube 4 encapsulating translucent liquid 2 and the bubble 3, the light emitting means 5 disposed on one side sandwiching the said gas Awakan 4, and the bubble tube 4 so as to face the light emitting means 5 on the other side longitudinal and light receiving means 7 ... which are arranged converts the optical input from the light projecting means 5 into an electric signal along a direction, inclination instructing means based <br/> the output signal of the light receiving means 71 and a detection circuit 8 for selecting a voice signal lamp or the / and emit to the lighting, the light projecting hand
The light from the step 5 does not enter the light receiving means 7 at the position of the bubble 3 due to reflection or refraction at the gas-liquid interface 3a in the bubble tube 4, but only the light receiving means 7 at the position other than the position of the bubble 3. It is composed of.
【０００７】請求項２の発明は、上記請求項１の水準器
において、投光手段５の光源が単一の発光素子９からな
り、投光手段５が該発光素子９からの光を方向転換して
気泡管に側方から入射させるプリズム５ａよりなる構成
を採用したものである。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to the first aspect, the light source of the light projecting means 5 comprises a single light emitting element 9, and the light projecting means 5 redirects the light from the light emitting element 9. The prism 5a is made to enter the bubble tube from the side.
【０００８】請求項３の発明は、上記請求項１の水準器
において、投光手段５の光源が単一の発光素子９からな
り、投光手段５が該発光素子９からの光を方向転換して
気泡管に側方から入射させる反射ミラー５ｂよりなる構
成を採用したものである。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to the first aspect, the light source of the light projecting means 5 comprises a single light emitting element 9, and the light projecting means 5 redirects the light from the light emitting element 9. Then, a structure including a reflection mirror 5b which is incident on the bubble tube from the side is adopted.
【０００９】請求項４の発明は、上記請求項１〜３の水
準器において、投光手段５の光源の発光素子９が発光ダ
イオードであり、受光手段７がフォト・トランジスタ又
はフォト・ダイオードよりなる構成を採用したものであ
る。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to the first to third aspects, the light emitting element 9 of the light source of the light projecting means 5 is a light emitting diode, and the light receiving means 7 is a phototransistor or a photodiode. The configuration is adopted.
【００１０】請求項５の発明は、上記請求項１〜４のい
ずれかの水準器において、受光手段７が受光素子７とこ
れに臨ませた光ファイバー１１とから構成されるもので
ある。[0010] The invention of claim 5, in any of the level of the claims 1 to 4, the light receiving unit 7 is light receiving element 7 Toko
It is those consists from the optical fiber 11 for a to face the LES.
【００１１】請求項６の発明は、上記請求項１〜５のい
ずれかの水準器において、傾斜度指示手段１の指示灯１
ｇ，１ｏ，１ｙ，１ｒ群が発光ダイオード１２よりなる
構成を採用したものである。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the indicator lamp 1 of the inclination indicating means 1 is used.
The g, 1o, 1y, and 1r groups are configured by the light emitting diode 12.
【００１２】請求項７の発明は、上記請求項１〜６のい
ずれかの水準器において、傾斜度指示手段１が、傾斜度
合に対応して点灯色の異なる指示灯１ｇ，１ｏ，１ｙ，
１ｒ群よりなる構成を採用したものである。According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, the inclination indicating means 1 has indicator lights 1g, 1o, 1y, having different lighting colors corresponding to the inclination degree.
It employs a configuration including a 1r group.
【００１３】請求項８の発明は、上記請求項１〜７の水
準器において、気泡管４の保持枠１３が水準器本体１０
に上下傾動可能に取り付けられ、水準器本体１０に対す
る該保持枠１３の一端側の高さを設定する水平調整手段
１４を備えてなる構成を採用したものである。According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic level according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, the holding frame 13 of the bubble tube 4 is provided in the electronic level body 10.
In this configuration, a horizontal adjustment unit 14 is attached so as to be vertically tiltable, and the height adjustment unit 14 sets the height of the holding frame 13 at one end side with respect to the spirit level main body 10.
【００１４】[0014]
【作用】請求項１の構成では、気泡管４内に封入された
アルコールやエーテル等の透光性液体２の屈折率が、気
泡３を構成する空気等の気体の屈折率と大きく異なるの
に対し、気泡管４を形成するガラスや透明性プラスチッ
ク等の屈折率と近似しているため、投光手段５から気泡
管４に照射された光は、気泡位置では気液界面３ａで反
射ないし屈折して気泡３の背後の受光手段７…には入射
せず、気泡３から外れた領域では略直進して受光手段７
…に入射し、この入射光を受けた受光手段７…だけが電
気信号を出力することになる。しかして、水準器を載置
した被計測面の傾斜に応じて気泡管４内の気泡３位置が
変化するから、電気信号を出力する受光手段７…の組合
せも該被計測面の傾斜度合に対応して変わることにな
る。従って、検出回路８を介して、電気信号を出力した
受光手段７…の組合せに対応して傾斜度指示手段１の指
示灯１ｇ，１ｏ，１ｙ，１ｒ群のいずれかを選択して点
灯させるか、又は／及び所要の音声を選択して発するよ
うに設定することにより、該被計測面の傾斜度合が上記
点灯又は／及び音声によって測定者に指示されることに
なる。In the structure of claim 1, the refractive index of the light-transmitting liquid 2 such as alcohol or ether sealed in the bubble tube 4 is significantly different from the refractive index of the gas such as air forming the bubble 3. On the other hand, since the refractive index of glass or transparent plastic forming the bubble tube 4 is close to that of the bubble tube 4, the light emitted from the light projecting means 5 to the bubble tube 4 is reflected or refracted at the gas-liquid interface 3a at the bubble position. not incident behind the receiving means 7 ... bubble 3, the light receiving unit 7 in a substantially straight in the region outside the bubble 3
Only the light-receiving means 7 which has entered and received this incident light outputs an electric signal. Then, since the position of the bubble 3 in the bubble tube 4 changes according to the inclination of the surface to be measured on which the level is placed, the combination of the light receiving means 7 ... Which outputs an electric signal also depends on the degree of inclination of the surface to be measured. It will change correspondingly. Therefore, whether any one of the indicator lamps 1g, 1o, 1y, 1r of the inclination indicating means 1 is selected and turned on in accordance with the combination of the light receiving means 7 that has output an electric signal via the detection circuit 8. Or / and setting to select and emit a required voice, the degree of inclination of the surface to be measured is instructed to the measurer by the lighting or / and voice.
【００１５】請求項２の構成では、単一の発光素子９か
らの出射光がプリズム５ａにより方向転換されて気泡管
４に側方から広い幅で入射するため、気泡管４沿って多
数の発光素子を配列する必要がなく、また複数の光源を
用いた場合のような光の干渉を生じず、この干渉による
計測精度の低下が回避される。In the structure of claim 2, the light emitted from the single light-emitting element 9 is redirected by the prism 5a and is incident on the bubble tube 4 with a wide width from the side. It is not necessary to arrange the elements, and light interference does not occur as in the case of using a plurality of light sources, and a decrease in measurement accuracy due to this interference is avoided.
【００１６】請求項３の構成では、前記請求項２の場合
と同様に多数の発光素子を配列する必要がなく複数光源
による光の干渉を回避できる上、反射ミラー５ｂとして
細長い形のものを用い、これを斜め下向きで気泡管４の
長手方向に沿うように配置すれば、下方の発光素子９か
らの光を気泡管４に長手方向に広い幅で入射でき、もっ
て前記プリズム５ａを用いる場合よりも水準器の幅を狭
く設定することが可能となる。In the structure of claim 3, as in the case of claim 2, it is not necessary to arrange a large number of light emitting elements, light interference due to a plurality of light sources can be avoided, and an elongated reflection mirror 5b is used. By arranging this obliquely downward along the longitudinal direction of the bubble tube 4, the light from the light emitting element 9 below can be incident on the bubble tube 4 with a wide width in the longitudinal direction, and thus, compared with the case where the prism 5a is used. It is also possible to set the width of the spirit level narrow.
【００１７】請求項４の構成では、投光手段５の発光素
子９に発光ダイオード、受光手段７にフォト・トランジ
スタ又はフォト・ダイオードを用いているため、発光の
安定性と受光作動の確実性が共に高く、もって計測精度
とその信頼性が向上し、また計測機構部をコンパクトに
構成できると共に、計測に要する電気エネルギーが非常
に少なくなる。In the structure of claim 4, since the light emitting element 9 of the light projecting means 5 is a light emitting diode and the light receiving means 7 is a phototransistor or a photo diode, the stability of light emission and the reliability of light receiving operation are ensured. Both of them are high, and thus the measurement accuracy and the reliability thereof are improved, the measurement mechanism can be configured compactly, and the electric energy required for measurement is extremely reduced.
【００１８】請求項５の構成では、投光手段５からの光
を光ファイバー１１…にて受光手段７…に伝達できるか
ら、該受光素子７…を気泡管４から離れた任意の位置に
設置できる上、各受光手段７が光ファイバー１１の端面
の大きさとなるから、受光素子７…の配列スペースによ
る制約を受けることなく受光手段７…を気泡管４に沿っ
て密に配列し、もって計測精度を著しく高めることがで
きる。In the structure of claim 5, since the light from the light projecting means 5 can be transmitted to the light receiving means 7 by the optical fibers 11 , the light receiving elements 7 can be installed at an arbitrary position apart from the bubble tube 4. In addition, since each light receiving means 7 has the size of the end face of the optical fiber 11, the light receiving means 7 ... Are densely arranged along the bubble tube 4 without being restricted by the arrangement space of the light receiving elements 7 ,. It can be significantly increased.
【００１９】請求項６の構成では、傾斜度指示手段１の
指示灯１ｇ，１ｏ，１ｙ，１ｒが発光ダイオード１２よ
りなるから、少ない電気エネルギーによって安定した発
光表示を行え、且つ傾斜度指示部をコンパクトに構成で
きる。In the structure of claim 6, since the indicator lamps 1g, 1o, 1y, 1r of the inclination indicating means 1 are the light emitting diodes 12, stable emission display can be performed with a small amount of electric energy, and the inclination indicating portion is provided. It can be made compact.
【００２０】請求項７の構成では、計測された傾斜度合
に対応して傾斜度指示手段１の指示灯１ｇ，１ｏ，１
ｙ，１ｒの何れかが異なる色で点灯するから、点灯した
色の違いで傾斜度合をより確実に判定できることにな
る。According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the indicator lights 1g, 1o, 1 of the inclination indicating means 1 correspond to the measured inclination.
Since either y or 1r is lit in a different color, it is possible to more reliably determine the degree of inclination based on the lit color.
【００２１】請求項８の構成によれば、水平調整手段１
４の操作により水準器本体１０における気泡管４の保持
姿勢を独立に調整できるから、水準器の組立製作時には
気泡管４の保持姿勢を厳密に設定する必要がない。According to the structure of claim 8, the horizontal adjusting means 1
Since the holding attitude of the bubble tube 4 in the spirit level body 10 can be independently adjusted by the operation of 4, it is not necessary to strictly set the holding attitude of the bubble tube 4 when assembling and manufacturing the spirit level.
【００２２】[0022]
【実施例】図１〜図７は本発明の第一実施例に係る水準
器Ａを示す。この水準器Ａの本体１０は、被計測面に載
置する帯板状の基準底板１５と箱枠状カバー１６とから
なる横長箱状に形成されており、その内部に計測機構部
１７及び電池装填部１８が構成され、上面中央部の一側
に臨む凹段部１６ａに、傾斜度指示手段１の発光ダイオ
ード１２…よりなる緑、橙，黄、赤の４色で計７個の指
示灯１ｇ，１ｏ，１ｙ，１ｒが緑を中心として両側に
橙，黄、赤が順次位置する形で長手方向に沿って配列す
ると共に、該凹段部１６ａよりやや離れた片側にスイッ
チ１９が露呈し、また片側の端面に電池出入用のねじ蓋
２０が螺着されている。1 to 7 show a spirit level A according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The main body 10 of the electronic level A is formed in a horizontally long box-like shape including a band-plate-shaped reference bottom plate 15 placed on the surface to be measured and a box-frame-shaped cover 16, and inside thereof has a measuring mechanism section 17 and a battery. The loading portion 18 is configured, and in the concave step portion 16a facing one side of the central portion of the upper surface, four indicator lights of four colors of green, orange, yellow, and red including the light emitting diodes 12 of the inclination degree indicating means 1 are provided. 1g, 1o, 1y, 1r are arranged along the longitudinal direction in the order of orange, yellow, and red on both sides centering on green, and the switch 19 is exposed on one side slightly away from the recessed portion 16a. Also, a screw lid 20 for inserting and removing the battery is screwed on one end face.
【００２３】計測機構部１７においては、基準底板１５
上に取付ボルト２１ａ…を介して保持枠１３が固着され
ており、この保持枠１３の上面側の長手方向方向に沿う
溝部１３ａに、アルコールやエーテル等の透光性液体２
及び気泡３を封入した緩い円弧状のガラス製気泡管４
が、両端に嵌合した取付ブロック２２，２２を取付ボル
ト２１ｂ，２１ｂにて該保持枠１３に固着することによ
り、その長手方向が水準器本体１０の長手方向に沿い且
つ中央が上方へ凸となる配置として保持されると共に、
該保持枠１３の下面側に、検出回路８を構成するＩＣ８
ａ，８ｂを設けたプリント配線基板２３が取付ねじ２４
ａ…を介して固着されている。なお気泡管４は、基準底
板１５が水平になったとき、気泡３が中央位置Ｏにくる
ように設定してある。In the measuring mechanism section 17, the reference bottom plate 15
A holding frame 13 is fixed to the upper side of the holding frame 13 via mounting bolts 21a, and a translucent liquid 2 such as alcohol or ether is provided in a groove portion 13a on the upper surface side of the holding frame 13 along the longitudinal direction.
And a loose bubble glass bubble tube 4 enclosing the bubble 3
However, by fixing the mounting blocks 22 and 22 fitted on both ends to the holding frame 13 with the mounting bolts 21b and 21b, the longitudinal direction thereof is along the longitudinal direction of the level body 10 and the center is convex upward. Is held as
The IC 8 forming the detection circuit 8 is provided on the lower surface side of the holding frame 13.
The printed wiring board 23 provided with a and 8b is the mounting screw 24.
It is fixed via a ... The bubble tube 4 is set so that the bubble 3 comes to the central position O when the reference bottom plate 15 becomes horizontal.
【００２４】保持枠１３の上面の気泡管４を挟む片側に
は、該気泡管４の一端側に位置して発光ダイオードより
なる発光素子９が取り付けられると共に、該気泡管４の
中央より若干他端側に位置して且つ気泡管４の上半部に
臨むように投光部５を構成する４５度プリズム５ａが固
着されており、もって発光素子９から出射した光を該プ
リズム５ａにより９０度方向転換して気泡管４に側方か
ら入射させるように設定されている。On one side of the upper surface of the holding frame 13 which sandwiches the bubble tube 4, a light emitting element 9 composed of a light emitting diode is attached to one end side of the bubble tube 4, and a little other than the center of the bubble tube 4. A 45-degree prism 5a that constitutes the light projecting portion 5 is fixed so as to be located on the end side and face the upper half of the bubble tube 4, so that the light emitted from the light-emitting element 9 is rotated by 90 degrees by the prism 5a. It is set so that the direction is changed and the light enters the bubble tube 4 from the side.
【００２５】また該保持枠１３のプリズム５ａを設けた
側とは反対側には、上面側に溝部１３ａに沿う側壁部１
３ｂを有すると共に、下面側に多数の凹所１３ｃ…が設
けてあり、これら凹所１３ｃ…にはプリント配線基板２
３に取り付けたフォト・トランジスタよりなる受光素子
７…が嵌入配置し、各受光素子７に一端を臨ませた多数
本の光ファイバー１１…の他端が側壁部１３ｂを貫通し
て気泡管４に沿って配列し、該気泡管４を挟んで投光部
５に対向する受光部６…を構成しており、受光部６に入
射した光が光ファイバー１１を介して受光素子７に照射
されるようになっている。しかして、図７に示すよう
に、光を受けた受光素子７より出力される電気信号は検
出回路８に入力され、この電気信号に基づいて該検出回
路８は傾斜度指示手段１の指示灯１ｇ，１ｙ，１ｏ，１
ｒのいずれかを点灯させるように制御する。図２におい
て、１２ａは傾斜度指示手段１の発光ダイオード１２…
を一体に取り付けた取付板、図３において２５は保持枠
１３の上面全体を覆うカバー板である。Further on the side opposite to the side provided with the prism 5 a of the holding frame 13, the side wall portion 1 along a groove 13a on the upper surface
3b is provided, and a large number of recesses 13c ... Are provided on the lower surface side, and the printed wiring board 2 is provided in these recesses 13c.
The light receiving elements 7 made up of phototransistors attached to the light receiving element 3 are fitted and arranged, and the other ends of the plurality of optical fibers 11 with one end facing each light receiving element 7 penetrate the side wall portion 13b and follow the bubble tube 4. Are arranged so as to face the light projecting unit 5 with the bubble tube 4 interposed therebetween, and the light incident on the light receiving unit 6 is irradiated onto the light receiving element 7 through the optical fiber 11. Has become. Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the electric signal output from the light receiving element 7 that receives the light is input to the detection circuit 8, and based on this electric signal, the detection circuit 8 causes the inclination indicator means 1 to indicate the indicator lamp. 1g, 1y, 1o, 1
Control is performed so that any one of r is turned on. Figure 2 Smell
Te, 12a is the inclination indicating means first light emitting diode 12 ...
3 is a mounting plate integrally attached, and in FIG. 3 , reference numeral 25 is a cover plate that covers the entire upper surface of the holding frame 13.
【００２６】図２において、電池装填部１８は、対向配
置した一対の側枠１８ａ，１８ａ間に電池２６，２６を
装填し、内奥のストッパー枠１８ｂに設けた端子板２７
とねじ蓋２０の内側に装着した端子兼用のコイルスプリ
ング２８との間で電気的導通をとると共に、、ねじ蓋２
０を外して電池２６，２６の出し入れを行うようになっ
ている。In FIG . 2, the battery loading section 18 loads the batteries 26, 26 between a pair of side frames 18a, 18a arranged opposite to each other, and a terminal plate 27 provided on the stopper frame 18b at the inner back side.
And a coil spring 28 also serving as a terminal mounted inside the screw lid 20 are electrically connected to each other, and at the same time, the screw lid 2
By removing 0, the batteries 26, 26 can be inserted and removed.
【００２７】上記構成の水準器Ａでは、スイッチ１９を
ＯＮにすることにより電源が入り、発光素子９が発光
し、その光がプリズム５ａにより９０度方向転換して気
泡管４に側方から照射される。この照射光は、気泡管４
内の気泡３が存在する領域では図５に示すように気液界
面３ａで反射するため、気泡３の背後の受光部６…には
入射せず、気泡３から外れた領域では略直進して受光部
６…に入射する。しかして、水準器を載置した被計測面
の傾斜に応じて気泡管４内の気泡３位置が、図６に示す
ように左上がりの傾斜では実線位置、右上がりの傾斜で
は仮想線で示す位置というように変化するから、光を受
ける受光部６…つまり電気信号を出力する受光素子７…
の組合せは被計測面の傾斜度合に対応して変わる。In the level A having the above-mentioned structure, the power is turned on by turning on the switch 19, the light emitting element 9 emits light, and the light is redirected by 90 degrees by the prism 5a to irradiate the bubble tube 4 from the side. To be done. This irradiation light is transmitted through the bubble tube 4
In the area where the bubbles 3 are present, the light is reflected by the gas-liquid interface 3a as shown in FIG. 5, so that the light does not enter the light-receiving portions 6 ... It is incident on the light receiving portions 6 ... As shown in FIG. 6, the position of the bubble 3 in the bubble tube 4 according to the inclination of the surface to be measured on which the level is placed is shown by a solid line in the upward slope, and by a virtual line in the upward slope. Since it changes like a position, the light receiving portion 6 that receives light, that is, the light receiving element 7 that outputs an electric signal.
The combination of changes depending on the degree of inclination of the surface to be measured.
【００２８】次表は、１０個の受光部６…が水平時の気
泡３の左端位置を中心として左右に等間隔で配列してい
る場合の気泡移動つまり傾斜度合による受光素子７…の
受光状態の変化を示す一例である。なお、表中の（〇）
は受光、（−）は非受光であり、非受光の（−）が並ぶ
領域は投光部５と受光部６との間に気泡３が存在してい
ることを意味する。また受光素子７…は、最も左側の受
光部６に対応するものをNo.1として、それより右側へ配
列する受光部６に対応するものを配列順にNo.を付して
いる。The following table shows the light receiving states of the light receiving elements 7 depending on the movement of the bubbles, that is, the inclination degree when the ten light receiving portions 6 are arranged at equal intervals to the left and right around the left end position of the bubble 3 in the horizontal direction. It is an example showing a change of. In addition, (○) in the table
Indicates that light is received and (-) is not received, and that the bubble 3 is present between the light projecting unit 5 and the light receiving unit 6 in the region where the non-receiving (-) lines up. Further, regarding the light receiving elements 7 ..., the one corresponding to the leftmost light receiving portion 6 is designated as No. 1, and the one corresponding to the light receiving portion 6 arranged on the right side is numbered in the order of arrangement.
【００２９】[0029]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３０】上表において、水準器が水平状態にあると
き、受光素子 No.６〜１０が気泡に遮られて受光せず、
他の受光素子 No.１〜５が受光する、受光パターンＥと
なる。しかして水準器が左上がりになるほど No.の小さ
い受光素子が非受光となり、受光パターンはＦ→Ｇ→Ｈ
→Ｉ→と変わっていく。逆に水準器が右上がりになるほ
ど非受光の受光素子が少なくなり、受光パターンはＤ→
Ｃ→Ｂ→Ａと変わる。In the above table, when the level is in the horizontal state, the light receiving elements No. 6 to 10 do not receive light because they are blocked by the air bubbles.
The light receiving pattern E is received by the other light receiving elements Nos. 1 to 5. However, as the level goes up to the left, the light receiving element with a smaller No. becomes non-light receiving, and the light receiving pattern is F → G → H.
→ I → On the contrary, as the level goes up to the right, the number of non-light receiving elements decreases, and the light receiving pattern becomes D →
Change from C to B to A.
【００３１】そこで、検出回路８により、例えば表の指
示灯色として示すように、受光素子７…群からの入力状
態が受光パターンＥに対応するときに傾斜度指示手段１
の中央に位置する緑の指示灯１ｇ、同入力状態が受光パ
ターンＤでは右の黄の指示灯１ｙ、受光パターンＦでは
左の黄の指示灯１ｙ、受光パターンＣでは右の橙の指示
灯１ｏ、受光パターンＧでは左の橙の指示灯１ｏ、他の
受光パターンＢ，Ａ及びＨ，Ｉでは上がり側に対応する
赤の指示灯１ｒ、がそれぞれ点灯するように設定すれ
ば、この点灯色によって傾斜状態を遠方からでも判定で
き、緑の点灯により水平状態が指示されるから点灯色の
変化を指標として水平調整の操作を行える。Therefore, when the input state from the group of light receiving elements 7 corresponds to the light receiving pattern E by the detection circuit 8 as indicated by the indicator light color in the table, the inclination degree indicating means 1 is provided.
A green indicator light 1g located in the center of the light receiving pattern D, a right yellow indicator light 1y in the light receiving pattern D, a left yellow indicator light 1y in the light receiving pattern F, and a right orange indicator light 1o in the light receiving pattern C. , The left orange indicator light 1o in the light-receiving pattern G, and the red indicator light 1r corresponding to the upward side in the other light-receiving patterns B, A and H, I are set to light up, respectively. The tilted state can be determined from a distance, and since the horizontal state is indicated by lighting green, the horizontal adjustment operation can be performed using the change in the lighting color as an index.
【００３２】図８〜１１は本発明の第二実施例に係る水
準器Ｂを示しており、その構成各部において前記第一実
施例と同義の部分には同じ符号を付している。8 to 11 show a level B according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and in each component of the structure, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals.
【００３３】この水準器Ｂの本体１０は、断面縦長矩形
の角筒材２９の一端側に短い栓体３０ａが、他端側に電
池装填部１８を構成する長い筒状の栓体３０ｂがそれぞ
れ嵌挿されてなり、栓体３０ａ側の内部に計測機構部１
７が構成されると共に、上面中央部に設けた長手方向に
沿う凹部２９ａに、前記第一実施例の水準器Ａと同様に
発光ダイオード１２…よりなる計７個の指示灯１ｇ，１
ｏ，１ｙ，１ｒを配列した傾斜度指示手段１が設けら
れ、その片側に片側にスイッチ１９が露呈している。な
お、筒状の栓体３０ｂの外端部には電池出入用のねじ蓋
２０が螺着され、該栓体３０ｂの内側に電池２６，２６
を装填し、内奥の端子板２７とねじ蓋２０の内側のコイ
ルスプリング２８とで電気的導通をとるようにしてあ
る。３１ａは栓体３０ａ，３０ｂを角筒材２９に固着す
る取付ねじである。In the main body 10 of the level B, a short plug 30a is provided at one end of a rectangular tubular member 29 having a vertically long rectangular cross section, and a long tubular plug 30b constituting the battery loading portion 18 is provided at the other end. The measurement mechanism unit 1 is inserted inside and is provided inside the plug body 30a.
7 is formed, and a total of seven indicator lights 1g, 1 composed of light emitting diodes 12 are provided in a recess 29a provided in the central portion of the upper surface and extending in the longitudinal direction, like the level A of the first embodiment.
The inclination indicating means 1 in which o, 1y, 1r are arranged is provided, and the switch 19 is exposed on one side of the inclination indicating means 1. A screw lid 20 for inserting and removing the battery is screwed to the outer end of the cylindrical plug 30b, and the batteries 26, 26 are provided inside the plug 30b.
And the coil spring 28 inside the screw lid 20 is electrically connected. Reference numeral 31a is a mounting screw for fixing the plugs 30a and 30b to the rectangular tube member 29.
【００３４】図１０に示すように、計測機構部１７にお
いては、内底部に厚板状の取付板３２が取付ねじ３１ｂ
…を介して角筒材２９に固着されており、この取付板３
２上に略矩形ブロック状の保持枠１３が配置している。
この保持枠１３は、長手方向両端に形成された取付用脚
部１３ｄ，１３ｅ間の底面に、検出回路８を構成するＩ
Ｃ８ａ，８ｂを設けたプリント配線基板２３が取付ねじ
２４ｂ…を介して固着されると共に、上面側には底面を
円弧面とした溝部１３ａが長手方向に沿って設けられ、
この溝部１３ａ内に透光性液体２及び気泡３を封入した
緩い円弧状のガラス製気泡管４が中央を上方へ凸となる
配置で装填され、且つ該溝部１３ａの両端部に充填した
コーキング材３３によって固定されている。As shown in FIG . 10, in the measurement mechanism section 17, a thick plate-shaped mounting plate 32 is mounted on the inner bottom of the mounting screw 31b.
Is fixed to the square tubular member 29 through the mounting plate 3
A holding frame 13 in the shape of a substantially rectangular block is arranged on the upper part 2.
The holding frame 13 forms the detection circuit 8 on the bottom surface between the mounting leg portions 13d and 13e formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction.
The printed wiring board 23 provided with C8a, 8b is fixed via mounting screws 24b ... And a groove portion 13a having an arc bottom surface is provided on the upper surface side along the longitudinal direction.
A caulking material having a loose arc-shaped glass bubble tube 4 enclosing the translucent liquid 2 and the air bubbles 3 in the groove 13a is arranged in such a manner that the center is convex upward, and the both ends of the groove 13a are filled with caulking material. It is fixed by 33.
【００３５】また図９に示すように、溝部１３ａの片側
の側壁部は中間部が気泡管４の高さの１／２まで切り欠
かれており、この切り欠き部分において気泡管４の上半
部と同高さで対向するように、投光部５を構成する帯板
状の反射ミラー５ｂが溝部１３ａと平行に保持枠１３に
固着されている。しかして、該反射ミラー５ｂはその反
射面を気泡管４側に斜め下向きとする４５度の傾斜状態
に配置すると共に、該反射ミラー５ｂの中央部の直下に
はプリント配線基板２３に取り付けた一個の発光ダイオ
ードよりなる発光素子９が位置しており、該発光素子９
から出射した光が反射ミラー５ｂで反射されて気泡管４
に側方から入射するようになっている。Further , as shown in FIG. 9, the side wall portion on one side of the groove 13a is notched in the middle portion up to 1/2 of the height of the bubble tube 4, and the upper half of the bubble tube 4 is cut at this notched portion. A strip-plate-shaped reflection mirror 5b forming the light projecting portion 5 is fixed to the holding frame 13 in parallel with the groove portion 13a so as to oppose the portion at the same height. Then, the reflection mirror 5b is arranged in a state of being inclined at a 45 ° angle so that its reflection surface is directed obliquely downward to the bubble tube 4 side, and one piece mounted on the printed wiring board 23 is located directly below the central portion of the reflection mirror 5b. The light emitting element 9 composed of the light emitting diode of
The light emitted from is reflected by the reflection mirror 5b and
It is designed to be incident on the side.
【００３６】保持枠１３の反射ミラー５ｂを設けた側と
は反対側には、下面側に多数の凹所１３ｃ…が設けてあ
り、これら凹所１３ｃ…にはプリント配線基板２３に取
り付けたフォト・トランジスタよりなる受光素子７…が
嵌入配置し、各受光素子７に一端を臨ませた多数本の光
ファイバー１１…の他端が溝部１３ａの側壁部１３ｂを
貫通して気泡管４に沿って配列し、該気泡管４を挟んで
投光部５に対向する受光部６…を構成しており、前記第
一実施例と同様に、受光部６に入射した光が光ファイバ
ー１１を介して受光素子７に照射されるようになってい
る。A large number of recesses 13c ... Are provided on the lower surface side of the holding frame 13 on the side opposite to the side where the reflection mirror 5b is provided. These recesses 13c ... Are mounted on the printed wiring board 23. The light receiving elements 7 made up of transistors are inserted and arranged, and the other ends of the plurality of optical fibers 11 with one end facing each light receiving element 7 penetrate through the side wall portion 13b of the groove 13a and are arranged along the bubble tube 4. Then, the light receiving section 6 is formed so as to face the light projecting section 5 with the bubble tube 4 interposed therebetween, and the light incident on the light receiving section 6 passes through the optical fiber 11 as in the first embodiment. It is supposed to be irradiated to 7.
【００３７】一方、図１０に示すように保持枠１３の一
側の脚部１３ｄは、底面が当該保持枠１３の幅方向に一
様な凸円弧面３４をなすと共に、該凸円弧面３４の中央
を通って且つ上方へ若干拡径した一対のテーパ状貫通孔
３５，３５を有しており、これら貫通孔３５，３５に上
方から挿通した取付ボルト３６，３６が取付板３２に螺
挿されている。また他側の脚部１３ｅには下方に開放し
たばね保持穴３７が形成され、このばね保持穴３７内に
圧縮コイルスプリング３８が装填されると共に、上半部
が太径の水平調整ねじ１４が当該脚部１３ｅ上の段部１
３ｆより上方から貫通して、ばね保持穴３７内を通して
取付板３２に螺挿され、段部１３ｆに該調整ねじ１４の
周段部１４ａが圧縮コイルスプリング３８の付勢により
押接状態で係合している。従って、保持枠１３は、取付
ボルト３６，３６を締め付けた状態で水平調整ねじ１４
を捻回操作することにより、凸円弧面３４の接触部位を
中心として脚部１３ｅ側が取付板３２に対して上下する
ように傾動させることができると共に、設定した傾動姿
勢で安定に保持される。なお、水平調整ねじ１４は、外
部から捻回操作できるように、頭部が本体１０の上面に
露呈している。On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 10, the leg 13d on one side of the holding frame 13 has a bottom surface which forms a uniform convex arc surface 34 in the width direction of the holding frame 13, and the convex arc surface 34 has a pair of tapered through-holes 35, 35 to and slightly expanded upwardly through the center, Nishi挿mounting bolts 36, 36 inserted through from above into the through holes 35, 35 to the mounting plate 3 2 Has been done. Further, a spring holding hole 37 opened downward is formed in the leg portion 13e on the other side, and a compression coil spring 38 is loaded in the spring holding hole 37, and at the same time, a horizontal adjusting screw 14 having a thick upper half is provided. Step 1 on the leg 13e
Penetrates from above the 3f, screwed to the mounting plate 3 2 through the spring holding hole 37 inside, engaged in a pressed contact state peripheral stepped portion 14a of the adjusting screw 14 by the urging of the compression coil spring 38 to the stepped portion 13f I am fit. Therefore, the holding frame 13 has the horizontal adjustment screw 14 with the mounting bolts 36, 36 tightened.
By twisting, the leg 13e can be tilted up and down with respect to the mounting plate 32 about the contact portion of the convex arc surface 34, and the leg 13e can be stably held in the set tilting posture. The head of the horizontal adjusting screw 14 is exposed on the upper surface of the main body 10 so that the horizontal adjusting screw 14 can be twisted from the outside.
【００３８】上記構成の水準器Ｂでは、スイッチ１９を
ＯＮにすることにより電源が入り、発光素子９が発光
し、その光が反射ミラー５ｂにより９０度方向転換して
気泡管４に側方から照射されるが、前記第一実施例の水
準器Ａと同様に、気泡３の背後の受光部６…には気液界
面３ａでの反射により入射せず、気泡３から外れた領域
の受光部６…に入射するから、光を受ける受光部６…つ
まり電気信号を出力する受光素子７…の組合せは被計測
面の傾斜度合に対応して変わる。しかして前記第一実施
例と同様に、検出回路８により、被計測面が水平である
ときには傾斜度指示手段１の中央に位置する緑の指示灯
１ｇが点灯し、傾斜している場合には傾斜度合が大きい
ほど黄の指示灯１ｙ→橙の指示灯１ｏ→赤の指示灯１ｒ
と点灯部が変わるように設定される。従って、この点灯
色によって傾斜状態を遠方からでも判定でき、緑の点灯
により水平状態が指示されるから点灯色の変化を指標と
して水平調整の操作を行える。なお、この水準器Ｂで
は、水平検出の精度を高めるために、受光部６…は水平
時に気泡３の左端がくる領域で配置密度が高くなるよう
に不等間隔に配列させている。In the level B having the above structure, the power is turned on by turning on the switch 19, the light emitting element 9 emits light, and the light is redirected by 90 degrees by the reflection mirror 5b to the bubble tube 4 from the side. Although the light is irradiated, as in the level A of the first embodiment, the light-receiving portion 6 behind the bubble 3 does not enter due to reflection at the gas-liquid interface 3a, and the light-receiving portion in a region outside the bubble 3 6, the combination of the light receiving portions 6 receiving light, that is, the light receiving elements 7 outputting an electric signal, changes depending on the degree of inclination of the surface to be measured. As in the case of the first embodiment, however, the detection circuit 8 turns on the green indicator lamp 1g located at the center of the inclination degree indicating means 1 when the surface to be measured is horizontal, and when it is inclined. The larger the degree of inclination, the yellow indicator light 1y → orange indicator light 1o → red indicator light 1r
And the lighting unit is set to change. Therefore, the tilted state can be determined from a distance from this lighting color, and since the horizontal state is indicated by lighting green, the horizontal adjustment operation can be performed using the change in the lighting color as an index. In this level B, in order to improve the accuracy of horizontal detection, the light receiving sections 6 ... Are arranged at unequal intervals so that the arrangement density becomes high in the region where the left end of the bubbles 3 comes when the level is horizontal.
【００３９】しかして、この水準器Ｂの組立製作におい
ては、気泡管４を装着した保持枠１３を取付板３２に取
り付ける際、単に取付ボルト３６，３６及び水平調整ね
じ１４を螺着して締め付けるだけでよく、該気泡管４の
本体１０に対する姿勢を厳密に設定する必要がない。し
かして、気泡管４の姿勢の設定は、組立製作後の水準器
Ｂを水平面上に置き、水平調整ねじ１４を捻回操作して
気泡３が気泡管４の基準位置にくるように調整すればよ
い。従って、組立製作が非常に容易になる上、気泡管４
の取付姿勢の狂いによる不良品の発生を完全に排除でき
る。また、この水準器Ｂでは、投光部５に反射ミラー５
ｂを用いるため、第一実施例の水準器Ａのようにプリズ
ム５ａを用いる構成に比べ、投光部５における本体１０
の幅方向の寸法を短く設定でき、それだけ水準器を幅が
小さくコンパクトなものにできるという利点がある。In the assembly and manufacture of the level B, however, when the holding frame 13 having the bubble tube 4 mounted thereon is mounted on the mounting plate 32, the mounting bolts 36, 36 and the horizontal adjusting screw 14 are simply screwed and tightened. However, it is not necessary to strictly set the attitude of the bubble tube 4 with respect to the main body 10. Then, the attitude of the bubble tube 4 is set by placing the level B after assembly and production on a horizontal plane and twisting the horizontal adjusting screw 14 so that the bubble 3 comes to the reference position of the bubble tube 4. Good. Therefore, assembling and manufacturing becomes very easy, and the bubble tube 4
It is possible to completely eliminate the occurrence of defective products due to incorrect mounting posture. Further, in this level B, the reflecting mirror 5 is provided in the light projecting section 5.
Since b is used, the main body 10 in the light projecting unit 5 is different from the structure using the prism 5a as in the level A of the first embodiment.
There is an advantage that the widthwise dimension of can be set shorter, and the level can be made smaller and compact accordingly.
【００４０】なお、前記の第一及び第二実施例では傾斜
度指示手段１として傾斜度合に対応していずれかが点灯
する異なる点灯色の指示灯群を採用しているが、これら
指示灯群を同じ点灯色として点灯位置より傾斜度合を判
定するようにしたり、これら指示灯群に代えて傾斜度合
に対応して異なる音を発するブザーや音声発生装置を用
いたり、上記指示灯群と共に水平状態になった際に音を
発するブザーを併用することも可能である。また受光素
子７…の配置は、両実施例共に本体１０の長手方向に配
列しているが、一か所にまとめたり、方々に分散させる
等、光ファイバー１１…の配線によってどのようにも設
定できる。更に前記第二実施例のように保持枠１３を独
立に傾動調整する場合に、傾動中心側の端部を本体１０
側に枢着した構造や、保持枠１３の長手方向中間部で本
体１０に枢支した構造としてもよい。その他、本発明に
おいては、受光部６…の設定数、その気泡管４に対する
配置位置及び配置間隔、指示灯群の数及び点灯色種、保
持枠１３の形状と気泡管４の保持構造、検出回路８の構
成、電池装填部１８の構造等、細部構成については実施
例以外に種々設計変更可能である。In the above-mentioned first and second embodiments, as the inclination degree indicating means 1, indicator lamp groups of different lighting colors in which one of them is turned on according to the inclination degree are adopted. To determine the degree of inclination from the lighting position with the same lighting color, or to use a buzzer or sound generator that emits different sounds corresponding to the degree of inclination in place of these indicator lamp groups, or to maintain a horizontal state with the indicator lamp group. It is also possible to use a buzzer that makes a sound when it becomes. The light receiving elements 7 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the main body 10 in both the embodiments, but can be set in any way by wiring the optical fibers 11, ... . Further, when tilting the holding frame 13 independently as in the second embodiment, the end portion on the tilting center side is placed on the main body 10.
The structure may be pivotally attached to the side, or may be pivotally supported on the main body 10 at an intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction of the holding frame 13. In addition, in the present invention, the set number of the light receiving portions 6 ..., their arrangement positions and arrangement intervals with respect to the bubble tube 4, the number and lighting color type of the indicator lamp group, the shape of the holding frame 13 and the holding structure of the bubble tube 4, detection The detailed configuration such as the configuration of the circuit 8 and the structure of the battery loading portion 18 can be variously modified in addition to the embodiment.
【００４１】また本発明の水準器は、計測機構及び傾斜
度指示手段のユニットを複数として、直交する２方向
（例えば前記実施例における水準器本体１０の長手方向
と幅方向）の傾斜を計測可能な構成としたり、この直交
する２方向に更に他方向を加えた３方向以上の傾斜を計
測できる構成としてもよい。更に、例えば潜水艦艇の浮
潜角度や船舶の傾き等の変動の大きい傾斜度合を計測す
るものとして、曲率の大きい気泡管を使用し、他の計測
機構各部を前記同様に設定した構成も採用可能である。Further, in the spirit level of the present invention, a plurality of units of the measuring mechanism and the inclination indicating means can be used to measure the tilt in two orthogonal directions (for example, the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the spirit level body 10 in the above-mentioned embodiment). Alternatively, the inclination may be measured in three or more directions in which the other two directions are added to the two orthogonal directions. Further, for example, a bubble tube with a large curvature is used to measure the degree of inclination of a submarine ship such as the floating angle or the inclination of the ship, which has large fluctuations, and other measurement mechanisms can be configured in the same manner as above. Is.
【００４２】[0042]
【発明の効果】請求項１の発明によれば、気泡管を利用
して被計測面の傾斜度合を自動的に判定する水準器とし
て、気泡管に特殊な液体を封入したり電気抵抗体や電極
を取り付ける必要がなく、従来汎用の目視判定方式の水
準器における気泡管をそのまま利用でき、しかも光電方
式により傾斜度合を精度よく計測及び指示できると共
に、被計測面が高所にあったり計測部位とその水平調整
の操作部位とが離れている場合でも支障なく容易に傾斜
度合を判定できる上、作動の信頼性及び耐久性に優れ、
且つ構造的に簡素で安価に製作できるものが提供され
る。According to the first aspect of the present invention, as a level for automatically determining the degree of inclination of the surface to be measured using the bubble tube, a bubble tube is filled with a special liquid or an electric resistor or There is no need to attach an electrode, the bubble tube in the conventional general-purpose visual judgment type level can be used as it is, and the inclination degree can be accurately measured and instructed by the photoelectric method, and the measured surface is at a high place or the measurement site. The inclination degree can be easily judged without any trouble even when the and the operation part for horizontal adjustment are separated, and the operation reliability and durability are excellent.
In addition, a structure is provided that is simple and can be manufactured at low cost.
【００４３】請求項２の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、気泡管に沿って多数の発光素子を配列する必要が
なく、それだけ発光部側の構成が簡素になり、計測機構
部をコンパクトに構成できると共に、該計測機構部の部
品コスト及び製作コストが低減され、また複数の光源を
用いた場合のような光の干渉による計測精度の低下のな
いものが提供される。According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is not necessary to arrange a large number of light emitting elements along the bubble tube as the above-mentioned level, and the structure on the light emitting portion side is simplified accordingly, and the measuring mechanism portion is compact. In addition to the above, it is possible to provide a structure in which the component cost and the manufacturing cost of the measurement mechanism unit are reduced, and the measurement accuracy does not deteriorate due to light interference as in the case of using a plurality of light sources.
【００４４】請求項３の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、請求項２の場合と同様に多数の発光素子を配列す
る必要がなく、複数光源による光の干渉を回避できる
上、より幅の小さいコンパクトなものを提供できる。According to the invention of claim 3, as in the case of claim 2, it is not necessary to arrange a large number of light emitting elements as the above level, it is possible to avoid light interference by a plurality of light sources, and a wider width is obtained. It is possible to provide a small and compact product.
【００４５】請求項４の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、発光の安定性と受光作動の確実性が共に高く、も
って計測精度とその信頼性が向上し、且つ計測機構部を
よりコンパクトに構成できると共に、計測に要する電気
エネルギーが非常に少なくて済むものが提供される。According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, as the above-mentioned level, both the stability of light emission and the certainty of light receiving operation are high, the measurement accuracy and its reliability are improved, and the measurement mechanism section is more compact. In addition, it is possible to provide a device that requires very little electric energy for measurement.
【００４６】請求項５の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、受光素子を気泡管に沿って配列させる必要がなく
該気泡管から離れた任意の位置に設置できる上、各受光
手段が光ファイバーの端面の大きさとなるから、受光素
子の配列スペースによる制約を受けることなく受光手段
を気泡管に沿って密に配列でき、もって計測精度を著し
く高め得るものが提供される。According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, as the above-mentioned level, it is not necessary to arrange the light receiving elements along the bubble tube, and the light level can be set at any position apart from the bubble tube, and each light receiving element can be installed.
Since the means has the size of the end face of the optical fiber, the light receiving means can be densely arranged along the bubble tube without being restricted by the arrangement space of the light receiving elements, thereby providing a device that can remarkably improve the measurement accuracy. It
【００４７】請求項６の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、傾斜度指示手段の指示灯群が発光ダイオードより
なるから、少ない電気エネルギーによって安定した発光
表示を行え、且つ傾斜度指示部がコンパクトで耐久性に
優れるものが提供される。According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in the above level, since the indicator lamp group of the inclination indicating means comprises the light emitting diodes, stable emission display can be performed with a small amount of electric energy, and the inclination indicating section is provided. A compact and durable product is provided.
【００４８】請求項７の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、傾斜度合に応じて傾斜度指示手段の指示灯群の何
れかが異なる色で点灯するため、点灯した色の違いから
傾斜度合をより確実に判定でき、もって特に被計測面が
高所にあったり計測部位とその水平調整の操作部位とが
離れている場合により好適に適用し得るものが提供され
る。According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, in the above-mentioned level, any one of the indicator lamp groups of the inclination indicator means lights up in a different color depending on the inclination degree. It is possible to more reliably determine that the surface to be measured is located at a high place or the measured portion and the operation portion for horizontal adjustment thereof are separated from each other, and thus it is possible to apply the present invention more suitably.
【００４９】請求項８の発明によれば、上記の水準器と
して、水平調整手段の操作により水準器本体における気
泡管の保持姿勢を独立に調整できるから、水準器の組立
製作時には気泡管４の保持姿勢を厳密に設定する必要が
なく、組立製作が非常に容易になる上、組立製作時にお
ける気泡管の取付姿勢の狂いによる不良品の発生を完全
に排除でき、もって製品の歩留りがよく信頼性の高いも
のが提供される。According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, as the level, the holding attitude of the bubble tube in the level body can be independently adjusted by operating the level adjusting means . There is no need to set the holding posture strictly, assembly and manufacturing is very easy, and the generation of defective products due to the deviation of the mounting position of the bubble tube during assembly and manufacturing can be completely eliminated, and product yield is high and reliable. High quality is provided.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】 本発明の第一実施例に係る水準器Ａの斜視
図。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a spirit level A according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】 同水準器Ａの要部の横断平面図。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view of a main part of the level bubble A.
【図３】 図２のIII −III 線の断面矢視図。3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG.
【図４】 同水準器Ａの計測機構部の縦断正面図。FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional front view of the measuring mechanism section of the level A.
【図５】 同計測機構部の気泡管部分の縦断側面図。FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional side view of a bubble tube portion of the measurement mechanism unit.
【図６】 同気泡管の縦断正面図。FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional front view of the bubble tube.
【図７】 同計測機構部の構成を示す模式図。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the measurement mechanism unit.
【図８】 本発明の第二実施例に係る水準器Ｂの要部破
断平面図。FIG. 8 is a fragmentary plan view of a level bubble B according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】 図８のＩＸ−ＩＸ線の断面矢視図。9 is a cross-sectional arrow view taken along line IX-IX in FIG.
【図１０】 図９のＸ−Ｘ線の断面矢視図。10 is a cross-sectional arrow view taken along line XX of FIG.
【図１１】 同水準器Ｂにおける気泡管の保持枠の斜視
図。FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a holding frame for a bubble tube in the level bubble B.
【符号の説明】 １ 傾斜度指示手段 １ｇ 指示灯（緑） １ｙ 指示灯（黄） １ｏ 指示灯（橙） １ｒ 指示灯（赤） ２ 透光性液体 ３ 気泡 ３ａ 気液界面 ４ 気泡管５ 投光手段（投光部） ５ａ ４５度プリズム ５ｂ 反射ミラー６ 受光手段（受光部） ７ 受光手段（受光素子） ８ 検出回路 ９ 発光素子 １０ 水準器本体 １１ 光ファイバー １２ 発光ダイオード １３ 保持枠１４ 水平調整手段（水平調整ネジ） [Explanation of Codes] 1 inclination indicator 1g indicator light (green) 1y indicator light (yellow) 1o indicator light (orange) 1r indicator light (red) 2 translucent liquid 3 bubbles 3a gas-liquid interface 4 bubble tube 5 throw Light means (light emitting portion) 5a 45 degree prism 5b Reflecting mirror 6 Light receiving means (light receiving portion) 7 Light receiving means (light receiving element) 8 Detection circuit 9 Light emitting element 10 Level body 11 Optical fiber 12 Light emitting diode 13 Holding frame 14 Horizontal adjusting means (Leveling screw)
Claims (8)
は／及び音声によって測定者に指示する傾斜度指示手段
を有する水準器本体の内部に、透光性液体及び気泡を封
入した気泡管と、該気泡管を挟む一側に配置した投光部
と、他側に前記投光部に対向して且つ気泡管の長手方向
に沿って配列した受光部群と、各受光部における光入力
を電気信号に変換して出力する受光素子群と、出力信号
を発した受光素子の組合せに基づき傾斜度指示手段の点
灯させる指示灯又は／及び発する音声を選択する検出回
路とを備え、前記投光部からの光が、気泡管内の気液界
面における反射ないし屈折により気泡位置の受光部には
入射せず、気泡位置から外れた受光部のみに入射するよ
うに構成されてなる水準器。1. A bubble tube in which a light-transmissive liquid and air bubbles are enclosed inside a spirit level body having a tilt level indicating means for instructing a measurer by lighting one of the indicator lamp groups and / or voice by a voice. A light projecting section arranged on one side of the bubble tube, a light receiving section group arranged on the other side so as to face the light projecting section and along the longitudinal direction of the bubble tube, and light input at each light receiving section A light receiving element group for converting the light into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal, and a detection circuit for selecting an indicator light to be turned on by the inclination degree indicating means or / and a sound to be emitted based on a combination of the light receiving elements which output the output signal. A level that is configured so that the light from the light section does not enter the light receiving section at the bubble position due to reflection or refraction at the gas-liquid interface in the bubble tube, and only enters the light receiving section deviated from the bubble position.
り、投光部が該発光素子からの光を方向転換して気泡管
に側方から入射させるプリズムよりなる請求項１記載の
水準器。2. The light source of the light projecting section comprises a single light emitting element, and the light projecting section comprises a prism that redirects the light from the light emitting element to enter the bubble tube from the side. Level.
り、投光部が該発光素子からの光を方向転換して気泡管
に側方から入射させる反射ミラーよりなる請求項１記載
の水準器。3. The light source of the light projecting section is composed of a single light emitting element, and the light projecting section is composed of a reflecting mirror that redirects the light from the light emitting element to enter the bubble tube from the side. Level.
ドであり、受光素子がフォト・トランジスタ又はフォト
・ダイオードよりなる請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の
水準器。4. The level according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting element of the light source of the light projecting section is a light emitting diode, and the light receiving element is a photo transistor or a photo diode.
ァイバーの他端にて構成される請求項１〜４のいずれか
に記載の水準器。5. The electronic level according to claim 1, wherein the light receiving section is composed of the other end of the optical fiber whose one end faces the light receiving element.
ードよりなる請求項１〜５のいずれかに記載の水準器。6. The electronic level according to claim 1, wherein the indicator lamp group of the inclination indicating means comprises light emitting diodes.
点灯色の異なる指示灯群よりなる請求項１〜６のいずれ
かに記載の水準器。7. The electronic level according to claim 1, wherein the inclination indicating means is composed of an indicator lamp group having different lighting colors corresponding to the inclination degree.
可能に取り付けられ、水準器本体に対する該保持枠の一
端側の高さを設定する水平調整ネジを備えてなる請求項
１〜７のいずれかに記載の水準器。8. A holding frame for a bubble tube is attached to a spirit level body so as to be vertically tiltable, and a horizontal adjusting screw is provided for setting a height of one end side of the holding frame with respect to the spirit level body. Level as described in any of.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13051394A JPH07332974A (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1994-06-13 | Level |
| KR1019950015530A KR100316547B1 (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1995-06-13 | level |
| DE69509441T DE69509441T2 (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1995-06-13 | Level detector |
| EP95109107A EP0687891B1 (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1995-06-13 | Level detector |
| US08/490,028 US5740693A (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1995-06-13 | Photoelectric levelness detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13051394A JPH07332974A (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1994-06-13 | Level |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07332974A true JPH07332974A (en) | 1995-12-22 |
Family
ID=15036096
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13051394A Withdrawn JPH07332974A (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1994-06-13 | Level |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07332974A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20070017883A (en) * | 2005-08-08 | 2007-02-13 | 다이쇼와 세이키 가부시키가이샤 | Water level sensor, water level detecting and treating circuit, manufacturing method of water level sensor and marking device |
| JP2007218727A (en) * | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-30 | Ricoh Elemex Corp | Leveling instrument |
| CN111370035A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-07-03 | 杭州齐晨贸易有限公司 | Hard disk detection device based on light linear propagation principle |
| WO2023124628A1 (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-06 | 青岛海尔洗衣机有限公司 | Horizontal sensor and laundry treatment apparatus |
-
1994
- 1994-06-13 JP JP13051394A patent/JPH07332974A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20070017883A (en) * | 2005-08-08 | 2007-02-13 | 다이쇼와 세이키 가부시키가이샤 | Water level sensor, water level detecting and treating circuit, manufacturing method of water level sensor and marking device |
| JP2007218727A (en) * | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-30 | Ricoh Elemex Corp | Leveling instrument |
| CN111370035A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-07-03 | 杭州齐晨贸易有限公司 | Hard disk detection device based on light linear propagation principle |
| CN111370035B (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2021-04-27 | 佛山市海德计算机科技有限公司 | Hard disk detection equipment based on light linear propagation principle |
| WO2023124628A1 (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-06 | 青岛海尔洗衣机有限公司 | Horizontal sensor and laundry treatment apparatus |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 20010904 |