JPH07329961A - Packaging container and inner case of foamed synthetic resin used therein - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To change a mounting position of a partition plate in accordance with the size, shape, and the like of an article or the like to be contained, reduce a physical distribution cost by imparting general purpose properties, and taken in and out by mounting the partition plate by fitting the both side ends thereof into mounting grooves each of which is formed in the inner surface of a side plate of an inner case so as not to reach the upper end of the side plate. CONSTITUTION:Side plates 43, 44 are foldably connected to side ends of a bottom plate 41 through hinge parts 42. Mounting grooves 45 extending vertically are formed in the inner surfaces of the side plates 43, 44 so as not to reach the upper end of the side plates. In an inner case 4 made of a foamed synthetic resin and made into a box form, mounting grooves 47 are formed in the upper surface of the bottom plate 41 so as to be connected to the mounting grooves 45, a lower end of a partition plate 3 is fitted into the mounting groove 47 of the bottom plate 41, the side plates 43, 44 are folded up from the bottom plate 41, both side ends 31, 31 of the partition plate 3 are fitted into the mounting grooves 45 of the opposed side plates 43 or 44. The inner case 4 is removably fitted in an case.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a packaging container used as a container for carrying various parts, articles, etc. between factories or between a parts maker and a user,
And an inner box made of foamed synthetic resin which is used as a cushioning material by being incorporated in the packaging container, and more specifically, the inner box can divide the inside of the packaging container into a plurality of storage spaces as appropriate. It is a thing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a returnable box for the above-mentioned components, there is, for example, one shown in FIG. In this box, a cushioning plate B made of foamed polyethylene or the like is laid at the bottom of a container container A made of a hard synthetic resin such as polypropylene, and a partition member C made of cardboard paper or plastic cardboard is installed from above. The container container A is divided into a plurality of spaces according to the shape and size of the articles to be stored. Usually, the partition member C is formed in the same manner as the stitcher b in the frame portion a formed according to the internal shape of the container A by connecting the plate materials with the stitcher b or the like as shown in the figure.
The partition plate c is fixed by the above. In the case of this box, as described above, the partition member C has the frame portion a and the partition plate c made of cardboard paper, plastic cardboard, or the like, and serves as a cushioning material for the articles stored in the container A. It is also becoming. Further, this partition member C can be folded and can be detached from the container A and stored without taking up space.

However, in the case of the conventional partition member C as described above, since the partition plate c is fixed in advance at a predetermined position by the stitcher b or the like, the shape of each article to be stored in the container A is changed. Since a dedicated partition member C according to the size is required, it is not versatile. Therefore, in the case of the returnable box, since the box for exclusive use of holidays is increased, the absolute amount of the circulating containers is increased, and moreover, since the buffer plate B to be inserted into the bottom of the container A and the partition member C are separated, Storage and management of parts becomes complicated, and logistics costs rise,
There is such a problem. Moreover, since the stitcher b fixing the frame portion a and the partition plate c surrounding the periphery of the partition member C is made of metal, there is a possibility that the stitcher b may come into contact with and damage the articles stored therein. .
Furthermore, since the partition member C is a composite material made of different materials such as cardboard paper which constitutes the frame portion a and the partition plate c, or a plastic cardboard and a metal stitcher b, when it is treated as a waste product, There is also a problem that it is necessary to separately process the frame portion a and the partition plate c and the stitcher b, which makes waste product processing complicated.

As described above, the conventional partitioning member C merely divides the inside of the container A into a predetermined shape and size, and is not versatile. On the other hand, a container has been proposed in which the inside of the container can be appropriately divided into a plurality of spaces as necessary. For example, in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-18268, a lattice-shaped lateral groove is formed on the bottom wall surface of a box formed of a foamed synthetic resin body, and vertical parallel vertical grooves open to the upper side are formed on the inner surface of the side wall. A container has been proposed which is formed so as to communicate with the lateral groove, and in which a partitioning piece is fitted from the upper open portion of the vertical groove and is erected by the lateral groove and the vertical groove to partition into a plurality of spaces in the box. . Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-58664, it is not used as a carrying box for the above-mentioned parts or the like, but is used as a lunch box, a packing box such as a confectionery box, or the like. Inside the fusion box made of synthetic resin foam plate, a series of mounting grooves opened on the upper surface of the side plate are formed on the inner side of the side plate and bottom plate, and the edge of the partition plate is inserted into the mounting groove. It describes a container that divides the inside of the box into a plurality of spaces by dropping it into. Further, here, the fusion box is formed with notches between the side plates and a series of mounting grooves extending from the outer side of the side plate corresponding part to the outer side of another side plate corresponding part through the bottom plate corresponding part. After making a deployment box made of synthetic resin foam plate, fold the side plate equivalent part from the bottom plate equivalent part so that the surface where the mounting groove is formed is inside, and fuse the sides of adjacent side plate equivalent parts. Then, a manufacturing method of a fusion plate box with a partition plate is also described in which the edge portion of the partition plate is inserted into the attachment groove and dropped into the fusion box thus obtained.

In the above-described Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-18268 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-58664, the size of the inside of the container can be changed by changing the position of the partition and the groove for mounting the partition plate. It can be appropriately divided into a shape space. However, since these are provided with the groove for attaching the partition and the partition plate in an open state at the upper end of the side wall of the box, the partition and the The partition plate may float up or come off. On the other hand, in the case of these boxes, since the side plates of the box are integrally molded or fused to each other, the groove for attaching the partition side or the partition plate is opened above the side plate. If it is not opened, it will not be possible to attach partitions or partition boards,
Further, as in the manufacturing method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-58664, even if the side plates are folded up after the expansion box is manufactured, the partition is separated after the side edges of the side plates are fused. The position of the plate cannot be changed, and there is no versatility that can accommodate the size and shape of the articles to be stored.

[0006]

In view of the above points, the present invention allows the inside of the container to be appropriately divided into a plurality of spaces and conveys parts and articles between factories or between a parts maker and a user. As a packaging container used as a returnable box, etc., it has general versatility that can appropriately partition the inside of the container according to the size, shape, etc. of the parts and articles to be stored, reducing the number of boxes that are open only It reduces the absolute amount of returnable boxes, and
Even if the partition member is removed from the container, it can be stored without taking up space, so that the storage and management of the member can be streamlined and logistics costs can be reduced. It is an object of the present invention to provide a packaging container that does not come off or come off from the container and is easy to dispose of waste products after use.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in a container for storage according to the present invention, a side plate is foldably connected to a side end portion of a bottom plate through a hinge portion, and the side plate is provided. The inner surface is formed with a vertically extending mounting groove that does not reach the upper end of the side plate. By folding the side plate against the bottom plate, both side ends of the partition plate are fitted into the mounting grooves of the opposite side plates. The inner box made of foamed synthetic resin assembled in a box shape in this state is detachably mounted inside the outer box. Further, in this case, a mounting groove communicating with a mounting groove formed in the side plate may be formed on the upper surface of the bottom plate of the inner box, and the lower end portion of the partition plate may be fitted into the mounting groove of the bottom plate. preferable.

Further, according to the present invention, the side plate is foldably connected to the side end of the bottom plate via the hinge portion, and a mounting groove extending in the vertical direction is provided on the inner surface of the side plate without reaching the upper end of the side plate. It is made of foam synthetic resin for packaging containers that can be assembled in a box shape by folding both side plates against the bottom plate and inserting both side ends of the partition plate into the mounting grooves of the opposite side plates. It provides an inner box. Further, in this case, a mounting groove communicating with a mounting groove formed in the side plate may be formed on the upper surface of the bottom plate of the inner box, and the lower end portion of the partition plate may be fitted into the mounting groove of the bottom plate. preferable.

[0009]

The packaging container according to the present invention is constructed as described above, and in order to install the inner box inside the container to divide the inside of the container into a plurality of storage spaces, the container is formed in the expanded state or the side plates facing each other. In the case where the partition plate is placed on the bottom plate of the inner box which is folded up only one side with respect to the bottom plate, and further the mounting groove is provided on the bottom plate, with the lower end portion of the partition plate fitted in this mounting groove, After the side plates are folded up on both sides of the bottom plate, the inner box is assembled in a box shape with both end portions of the partition plate fitted in the mounting grooves on the inner surface of the side plate, and then the inner box is mounted inside the outer box. in this way,
By mounting the inner case inside the outer case, the assembled state of the inner case is maintained, and the partition plate mounted between the side plates facing each other of the inner case has the upper end and the upper end of the mounting groove of the side plate. The locked state is maintained and the partition plate is prevented from coming off upward.
In addition, when changing the position of the partition plate, after removing the inner box from the outer box, tilt down both side plates or one of the side plates to remove the partition plate from the inner box, and attach it to the mounting grooves at different positions. Then, the side plates are folded up again in the same manner as described above to assemble the inner box into a box shape, and the inner box is placed inside. Further, when the inner box is stored, the side plates are tilted to both sides of the bottom plate to be in a developed state, and the partition plate is removed.

[0010]

The packaging container according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a packaging container 1 according to the present invention, for example, when transporting automobile parts between factories or between a parts manufacturer and an automobile manufacturer who is the user thereof. This is an example implemented as a returnable box used. In this packaging container 1, an inner box 4 having a partition plate 3 mounted therein is provided inside the outer box indicated by reference numeral 2 so that the inside of the outer box 2 is appropriately divided into a plurality of storage spaces by the partition plate 3. It is divided.

The outer box 2 in the illustrated example is formed in a box shape having an upward opening, and for example, a container container made of a hard synthetic resin such as polypropylene is adopted. For this outer box 2,
In addition to the synthetic resin container shown in the figure, a wooden box, cardboard paper or plastic cardboard box can be used, but if it is used as a carrying box for parts, it can be used repeatedly. In addition to the durability to withstand, the strength that can withstand handling in the factory is required, especially in the case of a container for storing manufactured parts, etc. It is preferable to use the container container of. Further, a hole 21 for draining water is formed at an appropriate position on the bottom portion 20 of the outer case 2 in the illustrated example.

Next, the inner box 4 installed inside the outer box 2
Is made of a foam synthetic resin plate material, and as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, around a bottom plate 41 formed in a substantially square planar shape in accordance with the shape of the bottom portion 20 of the outer box 2, Two sets of side plates 43, 43 and 44, 44 facing each other are connected in a bendable manner via hinge portions 42, ... Formed in a substantially V-shaped cross section. The two sets of side plates 43, 43 facing each other, and
On the inner surfaces of 44, 44, a large number of mounting grooves 45 extending in the vertical direction for mounting the partition plate 3 at positions corresponding to each other are provided.
Are formed parallel to each other along the length direction of the side plates 43, 44. The mounting groove 45 is formed from the middle of the side plates 43, 44 in the vertical direction to the lower end, leaving the upper ends of the side plates 43, 44, and the upper end 45a of the mounting groove 45 is not opened upward.
The upper ends 45a of the side plates 43, 44 are closed midway in the height direction. Further, in the example shown in the drawing, a fitting groove 46 is formed inside the mounting groove 45 formed on the inner surfaces of the side plates 43 and 44, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4B. Further, on the upper surface of the bottom plate 41 of the inner case 4, the mounting groove 45 formed in the side plates 43 and 44 is formed.
A large number of mounting grooves 47 ... Are formed in a grid pattern vertically and horizontally in a state of communicating with the outer box 2.
A through hole 48 that communicates with the water draining hole 21 formed in the bottom 20 of the container is formed, and communicates with the inside and outside of the container 1 from the inner surface of the inner case 4 to the outer surface of the outer case 2. In the case of such a carrying box, it may be stored in the open air, and the container 1
It is possible to prevent the articles to be stored from getting wet with water by providing the above-mentioned holes for draining water at the bottom of the. The inner box 4 is made of a foamed polyolefin resin such as a foamed polypropylene resin or a foamed polyethylene resin, a foamed polystyrene resin such as a foamed polystyrene resin, or a foamed synthetic resin such as a copolymer thereof, By innerizing the inner case 4 made of foamed synthetic resin in the outer case 2, the articles such as the parts housed in the container 1 are protected from the impact from the outside of the container 1, and at the same time, the articles in the container 1 and the like. To prevent damage to the inner surface of the outer case 2 by contacting. The plate thickness of the inner box 4 is appropriately set, but in a normal case, it may be about 10 and several millimeters. Further, as a general foaming ratio when manufacturing the inner box 4, for example, a foaming ratio of 30 The final expansion ratio is about 20 to 30 times by in-molding the thermoplastic resin beads pre-expanded to about 45 times and thermally fusing the resin beads to each other.

The partition plate 3 attached to the inner box 4 is also made of a foamed synthetic resin such as foamed polypropylene in a plate shape. As shown in FIG. It has a shape that can be fitted into a mounting groove 45 formed on the inner surfaces of the side plates 43, 44 of the inner box 4, and the side end portion 31 has a fitting concave groove 46 formed in the mounting groove 45. A fitting convex piece (32) which can be fitted is provided in a protruding manner. Further, at appropriate places in the length direction of the partition plate 3, open cut grooves 33, ... Are appropriately formed at the upper end portion or the lower end portion thereof, and the partition plate is attached to the inner box 4 in the vertical direction. 3a and a partition plate 3b attached in the lateral direction can be combined with each other at the cut groove 33 portion. This partition plate 3 is made of expanded polyolefin resin such as expanded polypropylene resin, expanded polyethylene resin, expanded polystyrene resin such as expanded polystyrene resin, and expanded synthetic resin such as a copolymer thereof, like the inner box 4. By making the partition plate 3 from such a foamed synthetic resin, it is possible to protect the stored items from an external impact and prevent the stored items from contacting each other and being damaged. To prevent. In the case of this partition plate 3, the plate thickness tends to be smaller than that of the inner box 4 in consideration of the storage efficiency of the container 1, and it is generally about several millimeters and has a certain degree of rigidity. Since it is required, the general expansion ratio at the time of manufacturing is a low expansion ratio of, for example, about 3 to 5 times. Since the partition plate 3 is slightly different from the case of the inner box 4 and does not necessarily require a high degree of cushioning effect, it may be, for example, a cardboard paper, a plastic cardboard, a plastic plate, or a wooden plate. Good.

As described above, the packaging container 1 according to the present invention
Various materials can be adopted as the material of the outer box 2, the inner box 4, the partition plate 3 and the like constituting the above, but preferably,
For example, a container made of hard polypropylene or the like is used as the outer case 2, and a partition plate 3 made of expanded polypropylene is used for the container.
If all the members are made of the same material, for example, the inner box 4 made of the same foamed polypropylene that is attached to the interior of the container is used, batch processing becomes possible even when the container 1 is treated as a waste product, It can be easily processed.

When the packaging container 1 according to the present invention as described above is used, it is first removed from the outer box 2 to be in a developed state, or one of the two side plates 43, 44 of the two side plates facing each other. On the bottom plate 41 of the inner box 4 in a folded state, the partition plates 3a and 3b, which are appropriately combined in the shape of a girder according to the size and shape of the article to be stored, are placed and provided on the upper surface of the bottom body 41. The lower end of the combined partition plate 3 is fitted into the mounting groove 47, and the side plates 43 and 4 of the inner box 4 facing each other are fitted.
By folding 3 and 44, 44, both end portions 31, 31 of the partition plate 3 are fitted into the mounting grooves 45 on the inner surfaces of the side plates 43, 44, and protruded on the side end portion 31 of the partition plate 3. Mating convex piece 32 is mounting groove 45
After the inner box 4 is assembled into a box shape while being fitted in the inner fitting groove 46, the inner box 4 is placed inside a container container as the outer box 2 as shown in FIG. The container 1 whose inside is divided into a plurality of storage spaces is obtained. In addition, in this container 1,
When storing articles of different sizes and shapes, take out the inner box 4 from the outer box 2, expand the side plates 43, 44, remove the partition plate 3, and reassemble the vertical and horizontal partition plates 3a, 3b. The inner box 4 is reassembled into a box shape by fitting it into the mounting grooves 45 and 47 at appropriate positions, and this is placed inside the outer box 2.

As described above, the packaging container 1 according to the present invention
In this case, the inner casing 4 which is installed inside the outer casing 2 and also acts as a cushioning member is provided with a side plate that is foldably connected to the bottom plate 41.
Since the partition plates are assembled in a box shape with both end portions of the partition plate 3 fitted in the mounting grooves 45 formed on the inner surfaces of the side plates 43, 44 so as not to reach the upper ends of the side plates 43, 44, The mounting groove 45 to which 3 is attached is not opened above the side plates 43 and 44, and the upper ends 45a of the side plates 43 and 44 are closed. When the box 4 is housed in the outer box 2, the outer box 2 holds the assembled state of the inner box 4, and the partition plate 3 is held in a state of being locked with the upper end 45a of the mounting groove of the side plate at the upper end thereof. The partition plate 3 is prevented from slipping out upward, and there is no possibility that the partition plate 3 will float up or slip off from the inner case 4 when an article or the like is taken in or out. Further, if the inner box 4 is taken out from the outer box 2 and unfolded, the partition plate 3 can be easily removed, and the position of the partition plate 3 can be changed according to the size and shape of the articles to be stored. Since the inside of the container 1 can be appropriately divided, it is highly versatile. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the number of boxes for exclusive use of holidays, reduce the absolute amount of circulating boxes to be distributed, and reduce the physical distribution cost. Moreover, the inner case 4 taken out from the outer case 2 can be stored as a flat plate together with the partition plate 3 without taking up space by expanding the inner case 4, and the storage space can be reduced.

In the above embodiment, the fitting convex pieces 32 at both ends of the partition plate 3 and the fitting concave groove 46 provided in the mounting groove 45 are
Although the attachment strength between the partition plate 3 and the inner box 4 is made stronger, these can be omitted. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the partition plate 3 is provided with a large number of cut grooves 33 in parallel along the length direction thereof in advance so that the partition plate 3 can be arbitrarily arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. Can be combined at intervals.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), inclined surfaces 43a, 44a are formed on the side edge portions of the side plates 43, 44 of the inner box 4, which are shown in FIG. 6 (b). When the inner box 4 is assembled in a box shape, the side edges of the adjacent side plates 43 and 44 may be in contact with each other, and as shown in FIG.
Even if the assembled state of the inner box 4 can be maintained by forming the fitting recess 43b and the fitting projection 44b that are fitted to each other on the side end faces of the adjacent side plates 43 and 44, respectively. Good.

Further, in the above embodiment, the bottom plate 41 of the inner box 4 is
By continuously forming the mounting groove 47 on both sides of the upper surface and fitting the lower end of the partition plate 3 into the upper surface, the partition plate 3 can be easily positioned. The mounting strength of the partition plate 3 to the box 4 is also large. The mounting groove 47 on the upper surface of the bottom plate 41 may be intermittently provided, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, and in this case, the fitting convex piece 34 fitted into the mounting groove 47 is provided at the lower end portion of the partition plate 3. It should be formed. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the mounting groove 47 of the bottom plate 41 of the inner casing 4 may be omitted, and the lower end portion of the partition plate 3 may simply abut on the bottom plate 41. Also in this case, since both end portions 31 of the partition plate 3 are fitted in the mounting grooves 45 on the inner surfaces of the side plates 43, 44, the mounting strength of the partition plate 3 can be maintained.

[0020]

As described above, in the storage container according to the present invention, the side plate is foldably connected to the side end portion of the bottom plate through the hinge portion, and the side plate inner surface is attached to extend vertically. The groove is formed so that it does not reach the upper end of the side plate, and the side plates are folded up against the bottom plate so that both ends of the partition plate are fitted in the mounting grooves of the opposite side plates. Since the inner box made of synthetic resin is detachably installed inside the outer box, the inside of the container can be appropriately divided into a plurality of spaces by the partition plate, and the inner box is made of foamed synthetic resin so that it is a cushioning material. It protects the stored parts and articles from external impacts, and also prevents damage due to collision with the inner surface of the outer box. It is useful as a returnable box for carrying between items.

In addition, in the case of this packaging container, the partition plate can be appropriately mounted in the inner box depending on the size, shape, etc. of the parts or articles to be stored. Since it has the versatility that the inside of the container can be appropriately partitioned according to the size and shape of the article, it is possible to reduce the number of boxes for exclusive use of holidays and reduce the absolute amount of circulating boxes to be distributed. In this case, since it can be stored as a development without taking up a space together with the partition plate, the storage space for the members can be reduced, the management of the members can be rationalized, and the distribution cost can be reduced.

Moreover, the partition plate has its both end portions
Since the partition is attached to the inner surface of the side plate of the inner box by fitting it into the mounting groove formed in a state where it does not reach the upper end of the side plate, when the partition plate is attached to the inner box and installed inside the outer box, Since the upper end of the partition rests against the upper end of the mounting groove, there is no possibility that the partition plate will rise or come off when the article is taken in or out.

Further, as described above, when the partition plate is attached to the inner case, it is formed on the inner surface of the side plate of the inner case or, in addition to this, on the upper surface of the bottom plate without requiring a special attaching member. Since both ends, and further the lower end, are fitted into the mounting groove and mounted, the inner box and partition plate can be made from the same synthetic resin material only, and are treated as scrap products. In addition, it is possible to carry out batch processing, and it becomes easier to dispose of waste products as compared with a conventional partition member, which is a composite material composed of cardboard paper or plastic cardboard and a metal stitcher. Further, in this case, if the outer box is made of the same kind of synthetic resin material as that of the inner box or the partition plate, the entire container can be collectively processed, and the disposal of the waste products is further facilitated.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of a packaging container according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of an inner box made of a foamed synthetic resin according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a developed state of the inner box.

FIG. 4 (a) is a side view showing a developed state of the inner box,
(B) is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the main part thereof.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the partition plate.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a main part showing another embodiment of the inner box,
(A) shows a deployed state, and (B) shows an assembled state.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a main part of another embodiment of the inner box, in which (a) shows a developed state and (b) shows an assembled state.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing another embodiment of the inner box and the partition plate.

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view showing still another embodiment of the inner box and the partition plate.

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view showing a conventional example of a packaging container.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: Packaging container, 2: Outer box, 3: Partition plate, 4: Inner box, 20: Bottom part, 21: Drain hole, 31: Side end part, 32: Fitting convex piece, 33: Cut groove, 34 : Mating convex piece, 41: Bottom plate, 4
2: Hinge part, 43: Side plate, 44: Side plate, 45: Mounting groove, 46: Fitting groove, 47: Mounting groove, 48: Through hole.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A side plate is foldably connected to a side end of a bottom plate via a hinge, and a mounting groove extending vertically is formed on an inner surface of the side plate so as not to reach an upper end of the side plate. , By folding the side plates against the bottom plate, the inner box made of foamed synthetic resin assembled in a box shape with both ends of the partition plate fitted in the mounting grooves of the opposite side plates can be freely attached to and detached from the outer box. A packaging container to be installed inside. 2. A mounting groove communicating with a mounting groove formed in a side plate is formed on an upper surface of a bottom plate of the inner casing, and a lower end portion of the partition plate is fitted in the mounting groove of the bottom plate. Packaging container. 3. A side plate is foldably connected to a side end of the bottom plate via a hinge portion, and a mounting groove extending in the vertical direction is formed on the inner surface of the side plate so as not to reach the upper end of the side plate. , A foam synthetic resin inner box for a packaging container that can be assembled in a box shape by folding both side plates against the bottom plate so that both ends of the partition plate are fitted in the mounting grooves of the opposite side plates. 4. The mounting groove communicating with the mounting groove formed in the side plate is formed on the upper surface of the bottom plate of the inner box, and the lower end portion of the partition plate is fitted into the mounting groove of the bottom plate. Inner box made of foamed synthetic resin.