JPH0732245A - Sizing device and sizing - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To speedily start sizing measurement by measurement by way of quickly finishing machined article temperature measurement providing a temperature detection device furnished with a temperature sensor moving forward and backward on the surface of a machined article on a delivery device. CONSTITUTION:A fluid pressure cylinder 19 of a temperature detection device is energized to move forward, a linear shaft 16, a connection member 18, a sliding piece 21, a temperature sensor support member 24, an offset arm 26 and a temperature sensor 27 move forward, and when the temperature sensor 27 makes contact with a master gauge, detection of temperature of the master gauge is started. As the fluid pressure cylinder 19 is energized to move forward even after this temperature sensor 27 makes contact with the master gauge, the linear shaft 16 and the sliding piece 21 move forward, compress a compression coil spring 22, press the temperature sensor 27 against the master gauge and secure contact of the master gauge and the temperature sensor 27. Thereafter, this temperature sensor 27 is made contact with a work W, and in accordance with temperature difference of this work W and the master gauge 30, a sizing operating point of a numerical value control device is corrected.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sizing apparatus and a sizing method for measuring a workpiece to be ground by a grinder, and more particularly to a sizing apparatus and a sizing method for measuring a diameter of a workpiece by performing master alignment. Regarding

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a cylindrical grinding machine, a sizing device is used to control the size. The sizing device is calibrated by equipping the grinding machine with a master gauge having the same diameter as the desired workpiece diameter, measuring the master gauge with a measuring device to align the zero points, and then measuring the workpiece with the calibrated measuring device. The diameter of the grinding portion is measured by on-machine measurement, and when it reaches a certain size, the whetstone is retracted to finish the grinding.

However, the work piece is in a state of being expanded by heating due to the heat of grinding, and when the diameter of the work piece is measured (in-process) on the machine during grinding, the contact point of the measuring device is relatively long. Since it contacts the work piece, it is transmitted from the work piece heated by the grinding heat to the finger equipped with the probe at the tip,
The finger causes thermal deformation, and the amount of thermal deformation appears as an error when compared with the positive dimension in the actual use state. The master gauge is located at a position where it does not heat the machine and does not increase the temperature. Therefore, when the workpiece measured by master alignment is measured by a measuring device in which the diameter is zeroed to the same diameter as the master gauge, the diameter of the workpiece cooled after grinding becomes smaller than the desired diameter. Therefore, after the actual grinding, the diameter of the work after cooling is measured, and the dimension management is performed in consideration of the dimension expanded by the grinding heat. Depending on the grinding allowance, the material, the sharpness of the grindstone, the temperature and the amount of the grinding fluid, the generation of grinding heat and the expansion of the diameter of the workpiece due to the grinding heat are not constant, so the dimensions vary. In order to solve such a problem, it is considered that the sizing device has a temperature correction function. For example, in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 60-28635, attention is paid to the fact that when a workpiece is heated by grinding heat, its diameter increases and it extends in the axial direction. There is one that converts the displacement of the platform center with a differential transformer to correct the sizing device (hereinafter referred to as the tailstock side displacement measurement compensation method). In addition, JP-A-59
In JP-A-209759, the expansion amount of the diameter of the workpiece is calculated from the grinding heat based on the grinding power during grinding, and the dimension corresponding to this expansion amount is input to the measurement calculation unit to correct the measuring device. , The variation of the finished dimension due to the temperature variation of the workpiece is eliminated (hereinafter referred to as the power measurement correction method).

Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-2676 discloses a temperature correction device for a sizing device. This is equipped with a thermistor on one of the contact points that come into contact with the work piece.The work piece temperature detected by this thermistor is used to drive the feed screw that changes the inter-contact point interval with a pulse motor to correct the inter-contact point interval. By doing so, a fixed size correction is performed (hereinafter referred to as a workpiece temperature measuring method).

[0005]

According to the tailstock side displacement measurement correction method, the diameter expansion and axial expansion of the workpiece due to grinding heat are not unique. That is, if the ratio of the diameter of the workpiece to the length of the workpiece, the ratio of the axial length of the portion to be ground to the workpiece, and the like differ, the amount of diameter expansion due to the grinding heat of the workpiece and the axial direction Since the ratio of the amount of expansion does not change uniquely, if the above-mentioned elements are changed, the correction value for diameter measurement based on the tailstock side displacement becomes inappropriate. Also, the work spindle of the grinding machine is axially displaced due to the temperature rise due to the heat generated by the work spindle bearing, so it takes time to reach a steady state after the start of work. And micron order measurement is impossible.

According to the power measurement correction method, since the grinding heat, which is the basis of the diameter expansion due to the grinding heat of the workpiece, depends on the magnitude of the grinding resistance, the change in the grinding power and the direction in which the workpiece diameter changes are the same. Direction. Since the temperature rise of the workpiece, which is the basis for expanding the diameter of the workpiece, depends on the shape of the workpiece and the size of the workpiece, the grinding power and the temperature rise of the workpiece are not unique, and the workpiece changes. If it becomes, it will need to be changed. Also, in the case of finish grinding, the ratio of the power consumed by grinding resistance to the total power of the wheel drive power of the wheel head becomes small, so even if the wheel drive power is measured, the temperature due to the grinding heat of the workpiece The difference in rise does not appear to be necessary for measurement (especially the device is a large scale to accurately grasp the current value of the grinding wheel drive motor).

According to the work piece temperature measuring method, the work piece is kept in contact with the work piece until the thermistor provided on one of the stylus pieces detects the work piece temperature, and control is performed after the work piece temperature is detected. The pulse motor that changes the probe spacing is driven through the circuit to make the correction, and the measurement is performed after the correction.Therefore, there is a large time difference in heat transfer from the probe to the thermistor. Since the workpiece is contacted for temperature measurement without performing dimension measurement, the wear of the probe becomes severe.

The above-described corrections due to the temperature rise of the workpieces are performed after calculating the amount of expansion of the diameters due to the temperature rises of the workpieces, and do not calibrate the dimension measuring device by the master gauge. Therefore, there are some practical errors. That is, the dimension measuring device must consider thermal deformation of the finger of the probe in addition to the amount of expansion of the diameter of the workpiece, but the above-described conventional example corrects only the diameter expansion of the workpiece due to the temperature of the workpiece. Therefore, the above-mentioned conventional sizing method does not sufficiently correct the difference between the size of the ground work piece during processing and the size after cooling.

The present invention is provided with a temperature detecting device for directly measuring the temperature of a work piece, so that the diameter expansion due to the thermal expansion due to the grinding heat of the conventional work piece can be quickly corrected, and a sizing device capable of accurately measuring the size. And to provide a sizing method.

[0010]

A first aspect of the present invention is a dimension measuring device for measuring a diameter of a workpiece by contacting a measuring element on both sides of the diameter of a workpiece and a master gauge. In a sizing device equipped with a feeding device for moving between a workpiece and a master gauge, and a temperature detecting means for a workpiece and a master gauge, the feeding device carries a temperature detecting device equipped with a temperature sensor that moves forward and backward on the surface of the workpiece. This is a sizing device characterized by the above.

The second aspect of the present invention is not only to correct the sizing operation point of the dimension measuring device by the master gauge in the grinding machine which performs the cutting operation by the numerical control device,
The temperature of the master gauge and the workpiece is detected by a temperature detecting device, and the sizing operation of the sizing device corresponding to the amount of expansion of the diameter of the workpiece due to the temperature difference or the amount of expansion of the workpiece and the deformation of the dimension measuring device This is a sizing method characterized by correcting points.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in a grinding machine which performs a cutting operation by a numerical controller, the temperature of a master gauge and a workpiece are detected by a temperature detecting device, and the diameter of the workpiece is increased by the temperature difference. Alternatively, the sizing method is characterized in that a correction depth of cut corresponding to the expansion amount and the deformation amount of the dimension measuring device is adjusted by a numerical controller from a sizing operation point of the sizing device.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1, 2, and 3 are three-side views showing the whole, FIG. 1 is a front view, FIG. 2 is a side view, and FIG. 3 is a plan view. This example is an example in which a sizing device is provided on the tailstock side of a cylindrical grinder, and the cylindrical grinder main body is not shown in FIG. A saddle 3 is vertically movably engaged with a vertical guide 2a provided on a column 2 standing on the tailstock 1. The saddle 3 is provided with a slide guide 3a parallel to the work W supported horizontally by the tailstock 1 and the work head stock (not shown) in the horizontal direction. The slide guide 3a is fixed to the cross slide 4. The slide bar 4a is engaged.
One end of the cross slide 4 on the side closer to the workpiece headstock is provided with a hanging portion 4b. A Y-direction screw feed device 5 constituted by a vertical feed screw screwed into a nut fixed to the saddle 3 is connected to a vertical electric motor 6 provided in the column 2. Z-direction screw feed device 7 configured by screwing a horizontal feed screw into a nut fixed to the cross slide 4
Is connected to a horizontal electric motor 8 fixed to the saddle 3.
As shown in FIG. 2, the hanging portion 4b of the cross slide 4 is provided with a dimension measuring device 9 and a temperature detecting device 10.

The dimension measuring device 9 is well known, and as shown in FIG. 4, a measuring finger 12 having a measuring element 11 contacting both sides across the diameter of the workpiece W has a measuring element 11 on the measuring device main body 13. It is mounted so that the distance can be adjusted, for example, between D _{1 and} D ₂ , and is supported by the measuring device body 13 in a floating manner. The root side of one measurement finger 12 is connected to a displacement sensor (not shown), such as a differential transformer. The measuring device main body 13 has a hanging portion 4b so that the tracing stylus 11 moves back and forth in the X direction shown in the drawing which is orthogonal to the axial direction of the workpiece W.
It is guided by a guide member 14 fixed to and is moved in and out by a driving device (not shown).

The temperature detecting device 10 is fixed to the dimension measuring device 9 as shown in FIGS. The temperature detecting device 10 is attached to the base plate 17. The two linear shafts 16 are engaged with the slide guide 15 in the direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the workpiece W, and the connecting member 18 extends across the vicinity of the forward end portions of the two linear shafts 16.
It is rigidly connected to. A piston rod 19a of a fluid pressure cylinder 19 fixed to a base plate 17 is fixed to a slider 21 that slides on the linear shaft 16. A compression coil spring 22 is provided between the slider 21 and the connecting member 18.
Are respectively inserted into the linear shafts 16 in a contracted manner. A stopper 20 is fixed to the linear shaft 16 and determines the set pressure of the compression coil spring 22. To prevent the connecting member 18 from coming off the linear shaft 16, the linear shaft 1
A nut 23 is screwed into the tip of 6. The base of the temperature sensor support member 24 that is parallel to the linear shaft 16 and faces the axis of the workpiece W is fixed to the connecting member 18.
The tip portion of the temperature sensor support member 24 has a base plate 17
An offset arm 26 is fixed to the tip of the shaft sealing device 25 which is fixed to the. Offset arm 26
Is the measurement finger 12 when viewed in a plane as shown in FIG. 6 of the plan view.
A temperature sensor 27 such as a thermistor is provided at the tip of the temperature sensor 27. The temperature sensor 27 is arranged in the middle of both the measuring elements 11. The tip of the temperature sensor 27 is the workpiece W.
Of the workpiece W is covered with a thin plate such as a copper plate or aluminum so as to be protected from mechanical friction and the heat of the workpiece W is well transmitted to the thermistor. A dog 20A is fixed to the rear portion of the linear shaft 16 so that its position can be adjusted.
7 is a proximity switch 20 operated by the dog 20A.
a, 20b.

The master gauge 30 has, for example, diameters D _{1 to} D.
Seven types up to ₂ are provided in a skewered shape, and are supported so as to be rotationally driven on the tailstock 1 with the axis parallel to the workpiece W. FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of the master gauge shown in FIG. 3 viewed from the back side. The master gauge 30 is fitted to the master gauge sleeve 31 in a stacked state, tightened with a lock nut 32, and fixed to the sleeve 31 to form a unit. The master gauge support bar 33 is fitted into a bearing 34 mounted on a housing 36 fixed to the tailstock 1, and both ends of the bar 33 protrude through the shaft sealing portion 35 to the outside of the bearing portion, and the master gauge sleeve 31 is provided at one end. Bolts 3 for fitting and tightening the sleeve 31
7 is screwed in, and the other end is connected to a master gauge rotating electric motor 39 via a shaft coupling 38. The electric motor 39 is fixed to the housing 36.

FIG. 8 shows the control device. The voltage change due to the resistance of the temperature sensor 27 such as the thermistor is measured by the temperature measuring device 4.
0 is measured and input to the microcomputer 41,
A corrected dimension signal, which will be described later, corresponding to the temperature of the workpiece W is sent to the numerical controller 42. Further, the dimension measured by the dimension measuring device 9 is used as the voltage of the differential transformer and the controller 43 with an amplifier is used.
And the difference from the desired size is input to the numerical controller 42. The numerical control device 42 corrects the desired finishing dimension, that is, the sizing operation point, by the correction dimension signal corresponding to the temperature of the workpiece W, and drives the servomotor that drives the grinding wheel head to correct the depth of cut. The dimension measuring device 9,
The controller 43 performs the sizing operation.

Next, the measuring operation of the present invention will be described with reference to the workpiece W.

As shown in FIG. 3, the measuring point P of the workpiece W and the master gauge 30 are separated from each other by Z1 in the Z-axis (axial direction of the workpiece W) direction, and as shown in FIG. The difference in height between the heart and the master gauge 30 is Y in the Y direction (vertical direction).
It is 1. Further, the dimension measuring device 9 retracts in the X direction (the probe 11 moves forward and backward in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the workpiece W by X1. In the above, the movement of the probe in the X direction is the front-back direction provided in the dimension measuring device 9. The Y-direction dimension measuring device 9 is moved by the electric motor 6 rotating the screw feeding device 5 and moving the cross slide 4 up and down together with the saddle 3 in order to move the dimension measuring device 9 in the Y direction. The movement in the Z direction is performed by rotating the screw feed device 7 by the electric motor 8 and moving the cross slide 4 left and right.

In-process dimension measuring device 9 during rough machining
The diameter of the workpiece W is measured by using, and is ground, and the grinding process is stopped at the diameter D ₁ . In this case, the mastering of the dimension measuring device 9 is not performed, and the temperature detecting device 10 is not used. That is, in FIG. 5, the fluid pressure cylinder 19 is at the right end.
The dog 20A is in a position where the proximity switch 20b is activated, and the linear shaft 16, the connecting member 18, and the slider 2 are provided.
1, temperature sensor support member 24, offset arm 26,
The temperature sensor 27 is located at the right end position.

Next, master alignment is performed before starting finish grinding. The dimension measuring device 9 moves in the Z direction toward the Z1 tailstock 1 with the probe 11 in the retracted position from the workpiece W, and then moves upward in the Y direction by Y1 to face the master gauge 30. Subsequently, the electric motor 39 that rotates the master gauge 30 rotates, the master gauge support bar 33 rotates via the shaft coupling 38, and the master gauge 30 rotates together with the master gauge sleeve 31. In addition, it is also possible to measure without rotating the master gauge. Here, the fluid pressure cylinder 19 of the temperature detecting device 10 is urged forward, and the linear shaft 16, the connecting member 18, the slider 21, the temperature sensor supporting member 24, the offset arm 26, and the temperature sensor 2 are used.
7 moves forward, and when the temperature sensor 27 contacts the master gauge 30, detection of the temperature of the master gauge 30 starts. Since the fluid pressure cylinder 19 is urged forward even after the temperature sensor 27 contacts the master gauge 30, the linear shaft 1
6. The slider 21 moves forward, compresses the compression coil spring 22, presses the temperature sensor 27 against the master gauge 30, and ensures the contact between the master gauge 30 and the temperature sensor 27 to ensure the accuracy of temperature measurement. An excessive pressure is not applied to the temperature sensor 27. Temperature sensor 2
The tracing stylus 11 that has started to move forward slightly after the movement of 7 reaches the measurement point of the master gauge 30 and is measured. Now, let us say that the measurement temperature of the master gauge 30 is 20 ° C. Then, the dimension measuring device 9 performs zeroing. The origin correction of the numerical controller 42 is not performed here. After the master alignment, the probe 11 retracts from the master gauge 30,
Then, the position of the workpiece W is changed by moving Y1 and Z1 in the Y and Z directions of the dimension measuring device 9 to the retracted position before the measuring point P of the workpiece W by the feeding device. Here, in the finish grinding state of the workpiece W, the temperature sensor 27 is moved forward to come into contact with the workpiece W, and the temperature measuring device 40 changes the voltage due to the resistance change of the thermistor due to the change in the resistance value of the thermistor which changes with the temperature of the workpiece W. A signal obtained by A / D converting the change is used by the microcomputer 4
1 to the microcomputer 41, for example, the workpiece W
Assuming that the temperature is 30 ° C., the set dimensions of the dimension measuring device 9 in the finish grinding are set to the master gauge 30 and the workpiece W.
The origin correction of the numerical controller 42 is performed so that the dimensional difference due to the temperature difference and the thermal deformation amount of the dimensional measuring device are set to the corrected D. Then, the tracing stylus 11 is advanced to contact both sides of the workpiece W across the diameter, and in-process gauge finishing is performed. The temperature sensor 27 may be retracted immediately before the finishing process is started. That is, the voltage change measured by the dimension measuring device is A / D converted by the control device 43 and sent to the numerical control device 42 to perform the sizing operation. That is, the dimension of the sizing operation point is corrected to D, and the current dimension of the workpiece W is input from the control device 43 to advance the difference between the current workpiece dimension and the finished dimension through the grinding wheel head. The grindstone is calculated as a dimension to be cut into the workpiece W, the grindstone head is moved forward and stopped until the difference between the workpiece dimension and the finish dimension becomes zero, and the grindstone head is retracted after the spark out. Moreover, the measuring element 1 of the dimension measuring device
1 simultaneously retreats, then the electric motor 8 is energized, the cross slide 4 moves Z1 toward the tailstock 1 side by the screw feed device 7, and the dimension measuring device 9 moves to the position of the master gauge 30 of the tailstock 1. And wait.

In the above, the sizing operation point was changed based on the temperature difference between the workpiece W and the master gauge 30, that is, the origin correction of the numerical controller was performed.

In another embodiment, when a CNC controller is provided, the workpiece W and the master gauge 30 are assumed to have the same temperature, and the sizing operating point is not corrected, and the workpiece W and the master gauge 30 are not corrected. Dimensional difference based on the temperature difference of C
The NC control device may correct the grindstone cutting amount.

In the embodiment, the correction based on the temperature difference between the workpiece W and the master gauge 30 is performed according to the diameter expansion amount of the workpiece W and the deformation amount of the dimension measuring device. If the dimension measuring device has a temperature compensation function, the amount of thermal deformation of the dimension measuring device is not taken into consideration. Further, generally, the measurement error due to the thermal deformation of the dimension measuring device is smaller than the diameter expansion amount due to the thermal deformation of the workpiece W, and in many cases can be ignored in practical use. Therefore, the correction in the above embodiment is performed by the workpiece W and the master gauge 30.
The correction based on the temperature difference may be performed only according to the diameter expansion amount of the workpiece W.

In the embodiment, the temperature sensor is mounted on the cross slide, but regarding the sizing method, the temperature sensor is fixed near the master gauge so that the temperature of the master gauge can be detected. Of course, the temperature measurement may be measured by a separate temperature sensor.

[0026]

As described above, in the sizing apparatus of the present invention, the temperature sensor is arranged between the measuring elements of the dimension measuring apparatus, and each of them can contact the workpiece. Therefore, the temperature sensor conducts the temperature of the workpiece. It can be configured easily, the workpiece temperature is immediately transmitted to the temperature sensor, and the workpiece temperature measurement is quickly completed, so that the dimension measurement by measurement can be started quickly. Since the temperature sensor and the measuring element are separated, their respective configurations do not become complicated, and maintenance,
Inspection is also easy.

According to the sizing method of the present invention, the sizing operation point of the numerical control device is corrected on the basis of the temperature difference between the workpiece and the master gauge, or the cutting amount corresponding to the above temperature difference from the sizing operation point. Is corrected by the numerical control device, the work piece can be accurately finished regardless of the temperature of the work piece. Since it is not necessary to correct the dimension measuring device itself, it is not necessary to use a special dimension measuring device.

Although the master gauge temperature is 20 ° C. in the embodiment, the master gauge temperature may not be 20 ° C. In this case, in addition to the correction due to the temperature difference between the master gauge and the workpiece, if the master gauge and the workpiece before the grinding have a temperature different from the standard temperature of the workpiece, for example, the room temperature of 25 ° C.
Correction based on ° C is necessary, and in such a case, this correction value may be provided in the form of a table in the storage device of the microcomputer 41. Further, since the master gauge temperature is set to the standard temperature, the grinding fluid may be adjusted to the standard temperature and poured into the master gauge.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the dimension measuring device.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a temperature detection device.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a master gauge portion.

FIG. 8 is a control block diagram of the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Tailstock 9 Dimension Measuring Device 10 Temperature Detection Device 11 Measuring Element 12 Measuring Finger 27 Temperature Sensor 30 Master Gauge 40 Temperature Measuring Device 41 Microcomputer 42 Numerical Control Device 43 Control Device

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiyuki Fujieda 120 Horiguchi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Hiira Toyama Co., Ltd. Yokohama factory

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A dimension measuring device for measuring a workpiece diameter by contacting a measuring element on both sides of the workpiece and the master gauge, and a feeding device for moving the dimension measuring device between the workpiece and the master gauge. A sizing device having a temperature detecting means for a workpiece and a master gauge, wherein the feeding device carries a temperature detecting device having a temperature sensor for advancing and retracting on the surface of the workpiece. 2. In a grinding machine which performs a cutting operation by a numerical controller, not only a master gauge corrects a sizing operation point of a dimension measuring device, but also a temperature detecting device detects a temperature of a master gauge and a workpiece. A sizing method comprising correcting a sizing operation point of a sizing device corresponding to a diameter expansion amount of a workpiece due to the temperature difference or a deformation amount of the diameter expansion amount and the dimension measuring device. 3. In a grinding machine which performs a cutting operation by a numerical control device, the temperature of a master gauge and a workpiece is detected by a temperature detection device, and the diameter expansion amount of the workpiece diameter due to the temperature difference, or the diameter expansion amount. And a sizing method characterized in that a correction cutting amount corresponding to the amount of deformation of the dimension measuring device is adjusted by a numerical control device from a sizing operation point of the sizing device.