JPH0728464A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent a musical sound from being broken owing to truncation by selecting a channel among allocated automatic performance data on the basis of key-OFF time information corresponding to each automatic performance data unless there is a free channel among time-division channels. CONSTITUTION:This electronic musical instrument has the time-division channels for an automatic musical performance, the automatic performance data are assigned to the time-division channels and supplied to a sound source circuit, and musical sound signals are generated on the basis of the automatic performance data assigned by the channels. A buffer a2 is a key-OFF preparation channel buffer and stored with the channel number of a channel to be keyed OFF at next timing on the basis of the remaining gate time of a remaining gate time buffer a3. Then when there is no free channel to be truncated in a key-OFF channel buffer a1, a channel to be truncated is selected in the key- OFF preparation channel buffer a2.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that truncates a desired channel from a plurality of time division channels and assigns event data to the channel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an electronic musical instrument configured to generate a musical sound by allocating event data to a plurality of time-division channels, when allocating event data to the time-division channels, a free channel is searched for,
Event data was assigned to the empty channel. On the other hand, at this time, if event data is assigned to all channels and there is no empty channel, the tone of the channel with the highest envelope attenuation among the channels in use, or the oldest key-on. By forcibly attenuating the musical sound of a channel (this is called "truncate"), the channel is released and new event data is assigned.

[0003]

However, when the above-described conventional electronic musical instrument is equipped with a sound source circuit that cannot monitor the envelope level of each channel, the channel with the most advanced envelope attenuation is selected. The technique of truncation cannot be used. Also, with electronic musical instruments configured to truncate the oldest keyed-on channel, the earliest keyed-on channel may not always be keyed off earliest, resulting in a break in the tones that should last long. I was afraid.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument having a simple structure and capable of preventing interruption of a musical sound due to truncation.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an automatic musical instrument data including key-off time information corresponding to each event data in an electronic musical instrument configured to assign event data to a plurality of channels. Storing means for storing the stored automatic performance data, reading means for reading the stored automatic performance data, allocating means for allocating the read automatic performance data to the channels, and the allocating means when there is no vacant channel in the channels. Determining means for deciding a channel to be assigned based on the key-off time information corresponding to each of the automatic performance data, which has already been assigned by the above, and truncating the determined channel. It is characterized by allocating new event data.

[0006]

When there is no vacant channel in the time division channel, the deciding means decides the channel to be assigned from the automatic performance data assigned by the assigning means based on the key-off time information corresponding to each automatic performance data. The channel is truncated,
New event data is assigned to the channel.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention.

In FIG. 1, a keyboard 1 for designating the pitch of a musical tone is connected to a bus 3 via a detection circuit 2 which detects the key-depressed state and generates a key code of the depressed key. ing. Similarly, the panel switch 4 including a tempo setting switch (not shown) for setting the tempo and a start / stop switch (not shown) for instructing the start / end of automatic performance is also detected to detect the pressed state of each switch. Circuit 5
Is connected to the bus 3 via.

Further, the bus 3 is connected with a CPU 6 which controls the entire apparatus, a timer 7 which is connected to the CPU 6 and measures a time such as a timer interrupt time, a RAM 8 and a ROM 9, and these elements are the detection circuits 2 and 3. 5 and the like are connected to each other via a bus 3.

The RAM 8 is a random access memory for temporarily storing calculation results, various information and the like, and in the present embodiment, in addition to this, various buffers described later are provided. The ROM 9 is a read-only memory that stores a control program executed by the CPU 6, preset automatic performance data, and the like.

Further, the bus 3 is provided with a display circuit 10 for displaying various input information (for example, a set tempo and a name of automatic performance data) and the like, and a digital data in accordance with the performance data output by the CPU 6 via the bus 3. A tone generator circuit 11 for generating a tone signal is connected. A D / A converter 12 that converts a digital signal into an analog signal is connected to the sound source circuit 11, and the D / A converter 12 is connected to a sound system 13 such as a speaker that converts an analog musical sound signal into a musical sound.

Here, the electronic musical instrument of the present embodiment is provided with 16 time-division channels for automatic performance, and the automatic performance data is assigned to the time-division channels and supplied to the tone generator circuit 11. Musical tone signals are generated based on the automatic performance data assigned to each channel, and the musical tone signals are accumulated for all channels and then output as musical tones via the D / A converter 12 and the sound system 13. It is configured to be.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining various buffers in the RAM 8 of FIG.

In the figure, a buffer a1 is a key-off channel buffer composed of a ring buffer, and "RP" and "WP" are a "read pointer" and a "write pointer (Wr)", respectively.
ite Pointer) ”. Each pointer RP, WP
Reads or writes the stored data one by one while moving to the right. Here, the data stored in the key-off channel buffer a1 is the channel number of the channel whose gate time remaining time in the gate time remaining time buffer a3, which will be described later, has changed from “1” to “0”, that is, the key-off and the envelope. This is the channel number of the channel whose level is attenuated. And
The data (channel number) from the read pointer RP to the write pointer WP becomes the channel number of the channel to which new event data is to be assigned (assigned).

Next, the buffer a2 is a key-off preparation channel buffer, and the channel number of the channel in which the remaining gate time of the gate time remaining time buffer a3 has changed from "2" to "1", that is, the next timing. The channel number of the channel keyed off at (interrupt timing described later) is stored. Then, when there is no channel to be truncated in the key-off channel buffer a1, the channel to be truncated is selected from the key-off preparation channel buffer a2.

Further, the buffer a3 is the gate time remaining time buffer, and the gate time remaining time buffer a3 stores the remaining time of the gate time for the time-division channels (16 channels) described above, which is a timer interrupt. The timing is decremented by "1". Then, all the channel numbers of the channels when the remaining gate time changes from "2" to "1" are written in the key-off preparation channel buffer a2, and the remaining gate time changes from "1" to "0". All the channel numbers written in the key-off preparation channel buffer a2 when the time is reached are sequentially written in the key-off channel buffer a1 from the position designated by the write pointer WP.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a data format of automatic performance data preset in the ROM 9 of FIG.

The automatic performance data includes timing data b1 indicating the sounding timing of the event data, a note number indicating the pitch to be sounded, a velocity indicating its strength, a note event b2 consisting of the gate time, and the note event b2. Control change data b indicating data other than the above, such as data for volume control and pitch bend
3 and 3, bar line data b4 indicating a 1-bar division, and end data b5 indicating the end of the automatic performance data.

The control processing executed by the CPU 6 in the electronic musical instrument configured as described above will be described with reference to the flow charts of FIGS.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the processing procedure of the main routine.

First, in step S1, various buffers and CP
Initialize U6, etc., and in step S2, play the keyboard 1
The keyboard processing is the key-on / key-off processing of the key by the key processing, and the panel switch processing, which is the pressing processing of the tempo setting switch and the start / stop switch provided in the panel switch 4 of FIG.
After performing other processing such as display processing in step S4, the process returns to step S2 and steps S2 to S4.
The process of is repeated.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the procedure of timer interrupt processing.

In this embodiment, the timer interrupt request is made by the timer 7 of FIG. 1 once every 96 minutes. That is, the timer 7 outputs an interrupt request to the CPU 6 each time the time corresponding to the length of 96 minutes is counted, and the CPU 6 receives the interrupt request and shifts the processing from the main routine to the timer interrupt routine. Since the time corresponding to this 96 minute length changes according to the change in tempo, the time interval at which an interrupt request is made changes depending on the tempo.

First, in step S11, a key-on processing subroutine is executed.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing the detailed procedure of the key-on processing subroutine.

In step S21, the value of the key-on flag is determined. If any one of the key-on flags is "1", that is, if the key-on should be made, the process proceeds to step S22, and the key-on signal, the note number, and the velocity are determined by the tone generator circuit 11 of FIG. After that, the key-on flag is cleared in step S23, and then this subroutine processing is ended. On the other hand, in step S21, the key-on flag is "0".
In case of, the processing of step S22 and step S23 is skipped and the present subroutine processing is ended.

Here, the key-on flag, the key-off flag described later, the note number, and the velocity are stored in an area (in the RAM 8) called a channel status area (not shown) provided for each channel, and the key-on flag is assigned. The key-off flag is a flag for instructing key-off processing for the channel when the channel number is written in the key-off channel buffer a1 of FIG. The note number and velocity are the automatic performance data output to the assigned channel, that is, the automatic performance data output to the tone generator circuit 11 in step S22.

Returning to the flowchart of FIG. 5, step S
At 12, the key-off processing subroutine is executed.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the detailed procedure of the key-off processing subroutine.

In step S31, the value of the key-off flag is discriminated, and when any one of the key-off flags is "1", that is, when the key-off should be made, a key-off signal is output to the corresponding channel of the tone generator circuit 11 (step S32), and the key-off flag is outputted. After clearing (step S33), this subroutine process is terminated. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S31 that the key-off flag is "0", this subroutine processing is ended.

Returning again to the flowchart of FIG. 5, the data processing other than the key-on processing and the key-off processing is executed in step S13, and the channel securing processing subroutine is executed in step S14.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the detailed procedure of the channel securing process subroutine.

In step S41, the data (channel number) of the key-off preparation channel buffer a2 of FIG. 2 is written in the key-off channel buffer a1, and step S4
In step 2, set the key-off flag in the channel status area corresponding to the written channel number to "1".
Set to. In the subsequent step S43, the remaining time data in the remaining gate time buffer a3 is decremented by "1". At this time, the remaining time data is already "0"
If it is, the process proceeds to step S44 without decrementing.

In step S44, it is determined whether or not there is a channel whose remaining time data is "1". If the result of the determination is YES, the process proceeds to step S45, and the channel number of the relevant channel is stored in the key-off preparation channel buffer a2. On the other hand, if the determination result of step S44 is NO, step S45 is skipped and the present subroutine processing is ended.

Further, returning to the flowchart of FIG. 5, after the performance data read processing subroutine is executed in step S15, the timer interrupt processing is ended.

9 and 10 are flowcharts showing the detailed procedure of the performance data read processing subroutine.

First, in step S51, the timing data at the position indicated by the performance data read pointer is read out from the automatic performance data described in FIG.
At 52, the read timing data is compared with the value of the counter TIME, and if the results match, the process proceeds to step S53, where the performance data read pointer is advanced to store the data stored next to the timing data. Event data is read, and step S54
Then, it is determined whether the read event data is a note event. In the determination of step S54,
When the event data is data other than the note event, the process proceeds to step S55 to perform other processing according to the data, for example, volume control and pitch bend processing.
On the other hand, when the event data is note event,
0 to step S60.

Here, the counter TIME is the RA of FIG.
A soft counter secured in a predetermined area of M8.
The bar section is counted once every 96 minutes, and is reset at the beginning of the bar. And
When the count value of the counter TIME matches the timing data b1 of FIG. 3, the processing of the CPU 6 shifts to the processing of allocating the next event data to the assigned time division channel.

Next, in step S56, the performance data read pointer is advanced so as to point to the next data, and in step S57 it is determined whether or not the value of the counter TIME is "95". This value “95” has a tempo of 4
This is a count value for one bar counted by the counter TIME when the time signature is / 4. That is, the counter TIM
Since E is a counter that counts one bar section, it counts up by "1" until the value of the counter TIME becomes "95" (step S58).
When the value of E becomes "95", the counter TIME is cleared (step S59), and this subroutine processing is ended. The value "95" in step S57 changes depending on the time signature, and becomes "71" in the case of 3/4 time signature, for example.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S52 that the timing data does not match the value of the counter TIME, the processes of steps S53 to S56 are skipped and the process proceeds to step S57.

Next, in step S60 of FIG. 10, it is determined whether or not there is an empty channel in the key-off channel buffer a1, that is, whether or not a channel number is stored between the read pointer RP and the write pointer WP. If there is a free channel, step S6
After proceeding to step 1 and setting the channel indicated by the read pointer RP as the assign channel (assigned channel), the read pointer RP is advanced in step S62. In the subsequent step S63, a truncation process is performed. The truncate processing in this embodiment is performed by outputting the key-off data to the assign channel and maximizing the release rate (ratio of the slope of the attenuation straight line of the envelope).

Further, in step S64, the key-on flag of the channel status area corresponding to the assigned channel is set to "1", and the note number and velocity in the currently read note event are respectively set in the channel status area. The data is written in the area, and in step S65, the gate time data in the currently read note event is written in the gate time remaining time buffer a3, and the process proceeds to step S56.

In the determination in step S60, if there is no empty channel in the key-off channel buffer a1, the process proceeds to step S66, it is determined whether or not a channel number is written in the key-off preparation channel buffer a2, and if it is written, step S67. In step S68, any one of the channel numbers stored in the key-off preparation channel buffer a2 (for example, the channel having the smallest channel number) is set as an assign channel, and in step S68, the key-off preparation channel buffer a2 is set to the assigned channel. After deleting the number, the process proceeds to step S63 to perform the truncation process.

On the other hand, when it is determined in step S66 that the channel number is not stored in the key-off preparation channel buffer a2, the process proceeds to step S69, and a conventional method other than the method described above, for example, the oldest key-on event output. The assigned channel is determined by a method of setting the assigned channel as the assigned channel, and the process proceeds to step S63.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a process of changing a channel stored in the key-off preparation channel buffer a2 to an assign channel.

In the figure, the vertical axis represents the envelope level, the horizontal axis represents time, and the horizontal axis scale represents time corresponding to 96 minutes. Furthermore, time t ₁ indicates the time at which the channel number of the musical sound A is written in the key-off preparation channel buffer a2 and the time at which the event data of the musical sound B is written in the channel status area corresponding to the channel of the musical sound A. ₂ indicates the time at which the musical sound B is produced. Further, sections A and B shown below the time axis represent the times from key-on to key-off for the musical tones A and B, respectively.

In the same figure, the musical sound A is produced and the time t
_When it becomes ₁ , the channel number to which the musical tone A is assigned is written in the key-off preparation channel buffer a2 (step S45), the channel is assigned (step S67), and then the truncation process is performed (step S63). The event data of the musical sound B is written in the channel status area corresponding to the assigned channel (step S64). And
When the processing of the CPU 6 shifts to the next interrupt processing (time t ₂ ), the event data stored in the channel status area together with the channel number of the assigned channel is output to the tone generator circuit 11 (step S22).
Therefore, the musical tone B is sounded from the time t ₂ .

As described above, according to this embodiment,
If there is a vacant channel, that channel is designated as the assign channel, and if there is no vacant channel, the channel keyed off by the next interrupt, that is, the channel stored in the keyoff preparation channel buffer a2, is designated as the assign channel. When there is no channel stored in the key-off preparation channel buffer a2, a conventional method, for example, the oldest key-on channel is truncated to be used as an assign channel, so that a long lasting musical sound of a bell It is possible to minimize the interruption.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, since the newly assigned musical tone is assigned one timing before the tone generation timing, the tone generation can be started from the correct timing even if the truncation takes some time. There is.

In this embodiment, the channel when the remaining time of the gate time becomes "1", that is, the next 96 channels
Although the channel that is keyed off at the timing of the length of time (interrupt timing) is set as the channel that should be truncated, this is not the only option. It searches for the channel with the minimum remaining gate time among all the channels and selects that channel. It may be a channel to be truncated.

Further, in this embodiment, the gate time data is stored in the automatic performance data, and the remaining time until the key-off of each musical sound is obtained based on this data. However, the key-on / key-off data and these data are stored. The present invention can also be applied to automatic performance data consisting of data generation timing. That is, when the key-on data is read, the key-off data corresponding to the key-on data is searched, the difference between the current timing and the generation timing of the searched key-off data is calculated, and the remaining time until the key-off is calculated from the difference. When determining the truncate channel based on the remaining time, or when truncating, the key-off data that is after and closest to that point is searched, and the key-on data corresponding to that key-off data is assigned. It can also be configured to truncate the channel being played.

Furthermore, when a plurality of tones are mixed,
For example, when you are playing multiple parts automatically, consider the release rate and velocity amount of each tone. For example, if there are multiple channels with the same remaining time until key off, the tone channel that decays earliest. May be used as a truncated channel.

Further, in the present embodiment, one key-off preparation channel buffer a2 is constructed, but a plurality of key-off preparation channel buffers a2 may be used to determine the assigned channel.

Further, in this embodiment, 16 time-division channels are used for automatic performance, but event data generated by key-on / key-off of the keyboard 1 may also be assigned to this time-division channel. Good.

[0056]

As described above, according to the present invention,
In an electronic musical instrument configured to assign event data to a plurality of channels, storage means for storing automatic performance data including key-off time information corresponding to each event data, and reading means for reading the stored automatic performance data. Allocating means for allocating the read automatic performance data to the channel, and when there is no vacant channel in the channel, it corresponds to each automatic performance data among the automatic performance data already allocated by the allocating means. And a decision means for deciding a channel to be assigned based on the key-off time information, the decided channel is truncated, and new event data is assigned by the assigning means. There is an effect that can be prevented

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining various buffers in the RAM of FIG.

3 is a diagram showing a data format of automatic performance data preset in the ROM of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of a main routine.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a procedure of timer interrupt processing.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a detailed procedure of a key-on processing subroutine of step S11 of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a detailed procedure of a key-off processing subroutine of step S12 of FIG.

8 is a flowchart showing a detailed procedure of a channel securing process subroutine of step S14 of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a detailed procedure of a performance data read processing subroutine of step S15 of FIG.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the continuation of the performance data reading processing subroutine shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a process of changing a channel stored in a key-off preparation channel buffer of FIG. 2 to an assign channel.

[Explanation of symbols]

 9 ROM (storage means) 6 CPU (reading means, assigning means, determining means) a2 key-off preparation channel buffer (determining means)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An electronic musical instrument configured to assign event data to a plurality of channels, and storage means for storing automatic performance data including key-off time information corresponding to each event data, and the stored automatic performance data. Reading means for reading out, the assigning means for assigning the read automatic performance data to the channels, and when there is no empty channel in the channels, the respective automatic performance data from the automatic performance data already assigned by the assigning means. An electronic musical instrument comprising: a determining means for determining a channel to be assigned based on key-off time information corresponding to performance data, truncating the determined channel, and assigning new event data by the assigning means.